436:. During this period, Darbhanga Raj was involved in litigation regarding succession. This litigation decided that the estate was impartible and succession was to be governed by primogeniture. Zamindari estates in the region, including Darbhanga, sought intervention from the Court of Wards from time to time because the stewardship of the British authorities, who invested funds wisely, had a tendency to boost their economic position. The estate had in any event been badly run prior to this time: a complex system influenced by both nepotism and sycophancy had dramatically affected the family's rental income. The bureaucratic system introduced by the Court, whose appointed officials had no ties to the area, resolved the issue although, being focussed entirely on what was best for the owners, it did so without considering the consequences for the tenants.
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475:. The supporters argue that by the end of the 18th century, the Sarkar of Tirhut was practically an independent kingdom until the conquest of Bengal and Bihar by the British. The Raj Darbhanga was also much larger when compared with many of the princely states in Western parts of India, many of whom only contained a population of 200 people. These princely states also lacked the magisterial powers that Raj Darbhanga had. Its annual income of approximately 4 million rupees was also on par with many a princely state.
275:
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537:) was installed in Calcutta in 1904 at Dalhousie Square as a tribute to him. Lakshmeshwar Singh was only two years old his father's death so Raj Darbhanga was placed under Ward of Court. He was the first Maharaja of Darbhanga to receive a western education, from a British tutor, Chester Macnaghten ( who was later the founding principal of the
499:
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Maharaja
Rameshwar Singh established and was general president of Sri Bharat Dharma Mahamadal, a neo-conservative Hindu organisation that sought to make Hindu scriptures available to all castes and women. He was one of the main patrons of Agamanusandhana Samiti, an organisation with the objective of
354:
that had the effect of differentiating Raj
Darbhanga from other estates of the region. The lands belonging to the Darbhanga family were theirs permanently and became private property rather than belonging to the empire. Raj Darbhanga from this point onwards was legally independent and no longer had
673:
were the main deities of the royal family. Even though they were deeply religious, they were also secular in their outlook. The palace area in
Darbhanga has three tombs of Muslim saints and a small mosque. The walls of fort at Darbhanga was designed to leave an area so that the mosque is not
301:
caused them to lose control of the territories that were in Nepal but, nonetheless, their holdings were considerable. One estimate suggests that when their rule came to an end, the territories comprised around 6,200 square kilometres (2,400 sq mi), with around 4500 villages.
359:. In a report to the Patna Committee of review, Shitab Rai, the naib diwan of Bihar, admitted that the weak state of the empire had rendered many of the zamindars, including Raj Darbhanga, independent. Henningham described the Raj Darbhanga as a "semi-independent chieftainship".
728:
Raj
Darbhanga had its own symphony orchestra and police band. There was a circular structure in front of Manokamna Temple, which was known as the bandstand. The band used to play music there in the evening. Today the floor of the bandstand is the only part still extant.
745:
Over 1,500 km (930 mi) of roads were constructed by the early part of the 19th century by Raj
Darbhanga, of which over 300 km (190 mi) were metalled. This resulted in the expansion of trade as well as larger markets for agricultural produce in the
1000:
330:
As per local tradition, Akbar summoned
Rajpandit Chandrapati Thakur to Delhi and asked him to name one of his sons who could be made caretaker and tax collector for his lands in Mithila. Chandrapati Thakur named his middle son,
569:(ruled 1929 to the independence of India in 1947) (born 28 November 1907, died 8 November 1962). He was member of the Council of State 1933–1946, member of the Constituent Assembly 1947–1952, and the Member of Parliament (
482:
with all the trappings of a princely state. The rulers of Raj
Darbhanga were the largest landowners in India, and thus were called Raja, and later Maharaja and Maharajadhiraja. They were given the status of ruling prince.
322:
clans fighting for power. Akbar, the Mughal emperor, realised that taxes from
Mithila could only be collected if there was a king who could ensure peace there and by 1574 he had succeeded in defeating the Rajput Rajas of
701:
from the late 18th century. The kings of Raj
Darbhanga were great patrons of music, art, and culture. Several famous musicians were associated with Raj Darbhanga. Prominent amongst them were Ustad Bismillah Khan,
777:, the prime governing body for football in India. Raja Bahadur, along with Rai Bahadur Jyoti Prasad Singh of Hariharpur Estate, were the Honorary Secretaries of the federation upon its inception in 1935.
466:
The origin of the royal family of
Darbhanga is traced to a grant of the Sarkar of Tirhut to Mahesh Thakur by Akbar. The supporters of the theory that Raj Darbhanga was a kingdom argue that it was held by
752:
Raj Darbhanga was a pioneer of cross-breeding cattle to improve milk production. A superior milking cow breed called Hansi was introduced by Raj Darbhanga. The cow was a cross between local cows and the
451:
After the independence of India from British rule in 1947, the Government of India initiated several land reform actions and the Zamindari system was abolished. The fortunes of Darbhanga Raj dwindled.
552:(ruled 1898 to 1929) (born 16 January 1860, died 3 July 1929). He became Maharaja of Darbhanga after the death of his elder brother Lakshmeshwar Singh, who died without issue. He was appointed to the
293:. The extent of their lands, which were not contiguous, varied over time, and by the British era, their area of ownership was smaller than the area that they were granted under earlier
258:
At its peak, the dynasty encompassed over 4000 square miles (10,360 km) and is described as the "largest and richest of the North Bihar zamindaris and one of the greatest zamindaris of
439:
Towards the end of the 19th century, 47 percent of the cropped area of the Darbhanga estate was used for the cultivation of rice. Three percent of total cultivation was given over to
1880:
375:
and also made use of force when it came to pursuing their interests. They defended their domains against raiders from Nepal and fought battles against local Rajput Rajas.
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players of his time. Khan is credited with being the first person to use metal strings and metal fingerboard plates on his sarod, which has today become the standard.
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513:(ruled 1740 to 1760) (died 1760). He died without issue but adopted Pratap Singh, great-great-grandson of Narayan Thakur, as his successor. He is noted for his
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in 1878, serving as assistant magistrate successively at Darbhanga, Chhapra, and Bhagalpur. Maharaja died in July 1929, leaving behind two sons , Maharajkumar
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The descendants of Mahesh Thakur gradually consolidated their power in social, agrarian, and political matters and came to be regarded as kings of
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was a major centre for polo in pre-independence times in Bihar. The winner of a major polo tournament in Calcutta is awarded the Darbhanga Cup.
2286:
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541:), and took over the reins of Raj Darbhanga on 25 September 1879 after attaining his majority. On 22 June 1897, he was advanced to the rank of
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at that time, making the estate one of the most important centres in the region for this crop prior to the introduction of chemical dyes.
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by the British Raj, Darbhanga was larger and held more magisterial powers than many princely states, particularly those in Western India.
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of Bengal sent a force against Narendra Singh of Darbhanga following his refusal to remit revenue however this force was defeated.
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Henningham, Stephen (1983). "Bureaucracy and Control in India's Great Landed Estates: The Raj Darbhanga of Bihar, 1879-1950".
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The area that now comprises the northern part of the Indian state of Bihar was under a state of lawlessness at the end of the
196:
171:
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314:. Tughlaq had attacked and taken control of Bihar and from the end of the Tughlaq Dynasty until the establishment of the
2018:
1997:
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1992:
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Bahadur (ruled 1860 to 1898) (born 25 September 1858, died 17 December 1898). He was a philanthropist. His statue (by
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According to Arvind, they were "robber barons", who curried favour from the British and kept trying to be accorded
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in 1557. Akbar had been impressed with his "great erudition". Henningham was of the opinion that Akbar made use of
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2013:
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549:
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714:, a vocal style in Hindustani classical music. One of the three major schools of Dhrupad today is known as
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and Vedic rites, the Maharaja reintroduced Samavedic study by inviting a few well-versed Samavedins from
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although the Rajas of Darbhanga themselves still refused to pay taxes or tribute to the Nawabs. In 1750,
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553:
412:. Darbhanga became the seat of power of the Raj Darbhanga family in 1762. They also had a palace at
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The Raj Darbhanga used its military to help the Nawabs of Bengal in suppressing rebellions from
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became the core of the Mithila region as the rulers were patrons of Maithil culture and the
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situated in Madhubani district. They bought land from local people. They became known as a
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Darbhanga has several palaces that were built during the Darbhanga Raj era. They include
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1511:
997:"Political History of Khandavala Dynasty [sic] in Mithila, 1556-1793, Volume 1"
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traditions and were supporters of orthodox Hindu practices in both caste and religion.
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114:
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The opponents of the theory argue that Raj Darbhanga was never a kingdom but rather a
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arrangements. A particularly significant reduction occurred when the influence of the
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606:. which was severely damaged in the 1934 earthquake, rebuilt, and later donated to
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their subordinates with the Senas having to pay tribute to the Rajas of Darbhanga.
343:
by helping the Maithil Brahmins to displace the Rajputs as the local ruling elite.
1251:
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969:
939:
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Kharagpur Lake, a large reservoir, was built on the Man river in Munger District.
236:
dynasty and the rulers of territories, not all contiguous, that were part of the
1976:
1566:
1463:
1056:
The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920
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The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920
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101:
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As part of their attempt to reintroduce old Hindu customs such as the study of
1829:
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1506:
1413:
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Darbhanga Raj also had several palaces in other towns in India, including the
617:
487:
336:
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For a period of twenty years (1860–1880), Darbhanga Raj was placed under the
17:
1858:
1839:
479:
368:
347:
248:
50:
1283:
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disturbed. The tomb of a Muslim saint is located next to Anandbagh Palace.
648:
367:
The rulers of Darbhanga in keeping with their elevated status, adopted the
1803:
1743:
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74:
64:
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A Great Estate and Its Landlords in Colonial India: Darbhanga, 1860-1942
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471:, that the rulership was a hereditary one with succession governed by
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1807:
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1526:
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Raj Darbhanga promoted various sports activities. The polo ground in
633:, in Madhubani District of Bihar, and Darbhanga House (currently the
543:
Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire
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351:
324:
319:
1240:
Sir John Woodroffe, Tantra and Bengal: An Indian Soul in a European
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Statue of Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh at Dalhousie Square, Kolkata
520:
497:
394:
383:
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273:
710:, and Pandit Siya Ram Tiwari. Raj Darbhanga was a main patron of
335:, whom Akbar then declared as the ruler of Mithila on the day of
670:
517:
which he fought to free Mithila from Mughal Bengal Subah's rule.
294:
1862:
1789:
1607:
1474:
1432:
1127:
Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar
318:
in 1526 there was anarchy and chaos in the region with various
773:
Raja Bishweshwar Singh was one of the founding members of the
742:
of land for the creation and use of the Muzaffarpur Judgeship.
721:
Raj Darbhanga supported Murad Ali Khan, one of the foremost
586:
Old Darbhanga Raj Palace, damaged by an earthquake in 1934
689:
publishing Tantric texts in English and other languages.
1114:
Jnanendra Nath Kumar – The Genealogical History of India
1087:
Peasant History of Late Pre-colonial and Colonial India
826:
Bihar and Mithila: The Historical Roots of Backwardness
1090:. Vol. 8. Pearson Education India. p. 420.
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2006:
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210:
134:
124:
110:
80:
70:
56:
46:
34:
1130:. University of California Press. pp. 69–70.
1028:. University of California Press. pp. 83–86.
697:Darbhanga became one of the prominent centres of
971:Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar
490:and other privileges but it never materialised.
1284:Court buildings & Residential accommodation
1270:Sitar and Sarod in the 18th and 19th Centuries
1059:. University of California Press. p. 37.
933:
931:
929:
927:
899:
897:
458:. He died in 1962 without naming a successor.
1874:
1444:
1351:Sportal – Sports Portal – GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
608:Kameshwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University
8:
963:
961:
910:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–5.
818:
816:
814:
812:
286:who came into prominence in the time of the
661:The Maharajas of Darbhanga were devoted to
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1867:
1859:
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1604:
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1471:
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974:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 200–223.
31:
1341:. Author – Niya Gopal Mukerji at page 476
1150:Lakshmana Jha – Mithila: A Union Republic
621:Navlakha Palace (Darbhanga House), Patna
944:. Oxford University Press. p. 17.
808:
240:, now divided between India and Nepal.
2328:Cities and towns in Darbhanga Division
1220:from the original on 10 September 2016
573:-Upper House) 1952–1958 and 1960–1962.
968:Tahir Hussain Ansari (20 June 2019).
262:". Despite not being recognised as a
133:
123:
119:
7:
2455:16th-century establishments in Nepal
797:List of Brahmin dynasties and states
456:Maharaja Bahadur Sir Kameshwar Singh
454:The last ruler of Raj Darbhanga was
1273:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 144.
1242:. Author: Kathleen Taylor. Page 212
1104:from the original on 2 August 2017.
907:The Indian Princes and Their States
706:, Pandit Ram Chatur Mallik, Pandit
644:The palace complex at Raj Darbhanga
2275:Former Vidhan Sabha constituencies
1320:Sringrikh, Kharagpur Hills, Munger
1252:The importance of being Gauhar Jan
1073:from the original on 30 July 2017.
1042:from the original on 30 July 2017.
1003:from the original on 12 April 2017
594:, which was constructed after the
95:Independent state (1684 - 1804 AD)
25:
995:Choudhary, Rabindra Nath (1987).
843:from the original on 11 May 2018.
243:The rulers of Raj Darbhanga were
600:Lalit Narayan Mithila University
567:Maharaja Kameshwar Singh Bahadur
502:Maharaja Rameshwar Singh Bahadur
378:The Raj Darbhanga also made the
194:
169:
2343:Villages in Samastipur district
1370:"All India Football Federation"
854:Henning Brown, Carolyn (1988).
420:family (the richest landlord).
2338:Villages in Darbhanga district
2333:Villages in Madhubani district
1339:Handbook of Indian Agriculture
1230:; accessed on 13 December 2007
856:"Raja and Rank in North Bihar"
829:. Routledge. p. 255-270.
823:Rorabacher, J. Albert (2016).
598:and has since been donated to
562:Maharajkumar Vishveshwar Singh
506:Rulers of Darbhanga included:
247:and their seat in the town of
1:
1166:. Penguin Books. p. 34.
775:All India Football Federation
938:Henningham, Stephen (1990).
2075:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
1329:accessed on 3 December 2008
637:school) at Kaithu, Shimla.
596:1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake
531:Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh
282:The Khandaval dynasty were
278:Main gate of Darbhanga Fort
100:Zamindari estate under the
2471:
1196:. 22 June 1897. p. 2.
904:Ramusack, Barbara (2004).
699:Hindustani classical music
1798:
1785:
1616:
1603:
1483:
1470:
1414:10.1017/s0026749x00008891
1289:28 September 2007 at the
1084:Chaudhuri, B. B. (2008).
872:10.1017/S0026749X00015730
787:List of rulers of Mithila
738:Raj Darbhanga donated 52
148:
144:
120:
41:
2033:Lok Sabha constituencies
1729:Mallick Bari (Midnapore)
1356:19 November 2007 at the
635:Loreto Convent Tara Hall
539:Rajkumar College, Rajkot
393:, the chieftains of the
2358:Maharajas of Dharbhanga
1386:accessed on 18 May 2007
1160:Das, Arvind N. (1992).
1053:Yang, Anand A. (1989).
1022:Yang, Anand A. (1989).
627:Rajnagar Palace Complex
550:Rameshwar Singh Bahadur
515:Battle of Kandarpi Ghat
2435:Maharajas of Darbhanga
653:
645:
622:
587:
526:
503:
355:to pay tribute to the
279:
136:• Disestablished
1325:10 April 2009 at the
1267:Miner, Allyn (2004).
1163:The Republic of Bihar
651:
643:
620:
585:
524:
501:
277:
57:Common languages
1714:Munshibari (Comilla)
1402:Modern Asian Studies
1124:Yang, Anand (1999).
860:Modern Asian Studies
554:Indian Civil Service
1754:United Provinces of
1719:Munshibari (Ulipur)
604:Lakshmivilas Palace
511:Raja Narendra Singh
126:• Established
2430:Culture of Mithila
1890:Darbhanga division
1193:The London Gazette
792:Zamindars of Bihar
654:
646:
623:
588:
535:Edward Onslow Ford
527:
504:
380:Senas of Makwanpur
280:
2450:Zamindari estates
2445:Kingdoms of Bihar
2417:
2416:
2270:
2269:
2154:Kusheshwar Asthan
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
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1847:
1792:Bombay Presidency
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1777:
1776:
1622:Estates in Bengal
1610:Bengal Presidency
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1477:Madras Presidency
1173:978-0-14-012351-7
1097:978-8-13171-688-5
1066:978-0-52005-711-1
1035:978-0-52005-711-1
981:978-1-00-065152-2
836:978-1-35199-757-7
716:Darbhanga Gharana
253:Maithili language
230:Khandwala dynasty
218:
217:
206:
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190:Republic of India
182:
181:
86:Tributary to the
16:(Redirected from
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2440:Tourism in Bihar
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2007:Railway stations
1915:2007 Bihar flood
1910:2008 Bihar flood
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1876:
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1547:Gajapathinagaram
1502:Sivaganga estate
1485:
1472:
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1383:
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1372:. Archived from
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1208:"Michael Witzel"
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708:Rameshwar Pathak
685:to teach there.
357:Nawabs of Bengal
284:Maithil Brahmins
245:Maithil Brahmins
224:, also known as
198:
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186:
185:
173:
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104:(1804 - 1947 AD)
90:(1557 - 1684 AD)
32:
27:Zamindari estate
21:
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2367:Other divisions
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2203:
2174:Darbhanga Rural
2140:
2070:
2028:
2002:
1981:
1960:
1934:
1905:Floods in Bihar
1893:
1887:
1857:
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1820:Hyderabad State
1794:
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1394:Further reading
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1376:on 2 April 2007
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1358:Wayback Machine
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1303:"Bazaar India"
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1257:, 26 May 2002.
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2067:(now defunct)
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2024:Laukaha Bazar
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473:primogeniture
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469:privy council
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403:Alivardi Khan
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363:Consolidation
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341:Mahesh Thakur
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333:Mahesh Thakur
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316:Mughal Empire
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260:British India
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226:Raj Darbhanga
223:
222:Darbhanga Raj
213:
211:Today part of
209:
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88:Mughal Empire
85:
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69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
40:
36:Raj Darbhanga
33:
30:
19:
18:Darbhanga Raj
2353:Bihar topics
2297:Ghanshyampur
2159:Gaura Bauram
2019:Laheriasarai
1924:
1709:Singranatore
1689:Prithimpassa
1648:
1587:Vizianagaram
1522:Markundapadu
1408:(1): 35–57.
1405:
1401:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
1364:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1279:
1269:
1262:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1222:. Retrieved
1202:
1191:
1182:
1162:
1155:
1146:
1126:
1119:
1110:
1086:
1079:
1055:
1048:
1024:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
990:
970:
940:
906:
863:
859:
849:
825:
772:
768:Laheriasarai
765:
733:Public works
727:
720:
696:
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329:
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281:
257:
242:
229:
225:
221:
219:
159:Succeeded by
158:
153:
29:
2242:Sarairanjan
2126:Jhanjharpur
2045:Jhanjharpur
1724:Murshidabad
1567:Nabarangpur
1507:Arni estate
1255:The Tribune
1188:"No. 26864"
704:Gauhar Jaan
683:south India
571:Rajya Sabha
488:gun salutes
462:Controversy
434:British Raj
371:surname of
299:British Raj
154:Preceded by
102:British Raj
2424:Categories
2287:Manigachhi
2252:Bibhutipur
2227:Samastipur
2222:Warisnagar
2209:Samastipur
2189:Bahadurpur
2055:Samastipur
1956:Samastipur
1830:Wanaparthy
1804:Zamindaris
1764:Mahmudabad
1654:Dighapatia
1562:Malkangiri
1532:Anakapalle
803:References
418:Khandavala
337:Ram Navami
81:Government
2374:Bhagalpur
2217:Kalyanpur
2179:Darbhanga
2146:Darbhanga
2131:Phulparas
2116:Madhubani
2106:Babubarhi
2096:Benipatti
2083:Madhubani
2050:Madhubani
2040:Darbhanga
2014:Darbhanga
1986:Transport
1951:Madhubani
1946:Darbhanga
1939:Districts
1840:Palwancha
1649:Darbhanga
1422:144262953
1307:cdlib.org
888:143084073
548:Maharaja
480:zamindari
410:Madhubani
369:Kshatriya
350:issued a
348:Aurangzeb
346:In 1684,
306:Formation
249:Darbhanga
71:Religion
51:Darbhanga
2321:See also
2262:Hasanpur
2232:Ujiarpur
2184:Hayaghat
2169:Alinagar
2121:Rajnagar
2101:Khajauli
2091:Harlakhi
2060:Ujiarpur
1744:Hetampur
1699:Rajshahi
1572:Rayagada
1380:18 April
1354:Archived
1323:Archived
1287:Archived
1215:Archived
1102:Archived
1071:Archived
1040:Archived
1007:11 April
1001:Archived
841:Archived
781:See also
663:Sanskrit
657:Religion
631:Rajnagar
399:Banjaras
232:, was a
228:and the
75:Hinduism
65:Sanskrit
61:Maithili
2348:Mithila
2312:Singhia
2282:Pandaul
2164:Benipur
2136:Laukaha
1898:General
1769:Benares
1694:Padamdi
1679:Mahipur
1674:Karatia
1669:Haturia
1664:Gunahar
1644:Burdwan
1552:Gunupur
1542:Bobbili
1462:of the
746:region.
712:Dhrupad
578:Palaces
432:by the
391:Bettiah
270:History
140:1947 CE
130:1557 CE
47:Capital
2409:Tirhut
2399:Purnia
2389:Munger
2384:Magadh
2302:Baheri
2292:Bahera
2257:Rosera
2065:Rosera
1998:NH 103
1972:Kamala
1965:Rivers
1930:Videha
1892:topics
1825:Gadwal
1808:Bombay
1704:Puthia
1684:Natore
1639:Bhawal
1557:Kotpad
1527:Nuzvid
1420:
1224:8 June
1170:
1134:
1094:
1063:
1032:
978:
948:
914:
886:
880:312524
878:
833:
762:Sports
757:breed.
755:Jersey
740:bighas
602:, and
494:Rulers
447:Demise
441:indigo
352:firman
325:Tirhut
320:Rajput
2404:Saran
2394:Patna
2237:Morwa
2194:Keoti
2111:Bisfi
1993:NH 28
1977:Koshi
1739:Andul
1734:Surul
1659:Dulai
1634:Dhaka
1626:Bihar
1577:Salur
1517:Urlam
1418:S2CID
1218:(PDF)
1211:(PDF)
884:S2CID
876:JSTOR
723:sarod
693:Music
679:Vedas
667:Shiva
395:Terai
384:Nepal
373:Singh
295:sanad
291:Akbar
2379:Kosi
2199:Jale
1624:and
1382:2007
1226:2016
1168:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1061:ISBN
1030:ISBN
1009:2017
976:ISBN
946:ISBN
912:ISBN
831:ISBN
671:Kali
669:and
610:and
560:and
397:and
220:The
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629:at
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