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Introduced in 1995, FlashFX is a flash media manager which allows applications to access flash memory as if it were a hard drive, abstracting the complexity of flash media. FlashFX operates either NAND or NOR flash and supports numerous flash devices. It can be used with any file system.
240:
The first of four patents to eventually be assigned to
Datalight, "Method and apparatus for allocating storage in a flash memory", was awarded in 1999, followed up with an additional FlashFX-related patent, "Method and system for managing bad areas in flash memory", in 2001.
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390:
Datalight provides
Windows drivers for both Reliance (Reliance Windows Driver; RWD) and Reliance Nitro (Reliance Nitro Windows Driver; RNWD); they provide exchangeability between Reliance-formatted media and Microsoft Windows. Both support
221:. In 1988, Datalight released C_thru_ROM, which provided embeddedable C functions and C start-up code, allowing programs developed on DOS to run as standalone applications without DOS dependence. In 1989, ROM-DOS 1.0 was released.
1797:
730:
graphing calculators, MCSI's PROMDISK, and Arcom's PC/104 computer. Intel's
Advanced RAID Configuration Utility (ARCU) is based on ROM-DOS, and, as of 2004, all Intel server board System Resource CDs included ROM-DOS.
236:
FlashFX in 1995, moving
Datalight into the raw flash memory market. The company grew rapidly in the late 1990s, receiving the WA Fast 50 award for the fastest growing companies in Washington state in 1997 and 1998.
634:
compatible operating system designed for embedded systems. It includes backward compatibility build options allowing compatibility with specific versions of MS-DOS (e.g., DOS 5.01). ROM-DOS 7.1 added support for
484:
standard for extended capacity storage cards. Marketed as "independent of the target platform", XCFiles is intended to be portable to any 32-bit platform which meets certain requirements (such as supporting
251:
arrays. That same year, Reliance Nitro was released, building upon
Reliance and adding a tree-based architecture to improve performance for large files (>100 MB) and large numbers of files.
173:
specializing in power failsafe and high performance software for preserving data integrity in embedded systems. The company was founded in 1983 by Roy
Sherrill, and its headquarters is in
2646:
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2671:
244:
In 2003, Reliance, a reliable transactional embedded file system, was released; a related patent, "Reliable file system and method of providing the same", was awarded in 2007.
2666:
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382:-based directory architecture facilitating faster look-ups. The maximum volume size on Reliance Nitro is 32 TB; maximum file size is constrained only by free space.
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2000:
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Released in 2009, Reliance Nitro is a file system developed from
Reliance; it improved on the performance of original Reliance, primarily by adding a
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First released in 2003, Reliance is an embedded file system designed for applications with high reliability requirements. Key features:
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1980:
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computer, Curtis-Wright's
Continuum Software Architecture, Teltronic's HTT-500 handset, and MCSI's PROMDISK disk emulator.
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1997:
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NAND flash, while FlashFX Pro does not; another improvement is Tera's error correction, which is more robust than Pro's.
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In 2013, another file system related patent, "Method and
Apparatus for Fault-tolerant Memory Management" was issued.
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Curtiss-Wright
Chooses Datalight's FlashFX Pro Flash Media Manager for Continuum Software Architecture Offering
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448:: Supports around 300 flash chip part numbers and flash arrays up to 2 TB. Has pre-ported versions for
422:: Supports around 200 flash chip part numbers and flash arrays up to 2 GB. Has pre-ported versions for
2250:
1158:
167:
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1963:
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1928:. EMAC, Inc. 2010. The vendor's system requirements are somewhat higher: 18KB of RAM and 124K of space.
1502:
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XCFiles is marketed in Japan as 'exFiles' by A.I. Corporation; it was released there in April 2009.
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986:
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762:
744:
732:
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403:. The drivers are bundled with tools to format media and a utility to check file system integrity.
353:, including after unexpected system interruption (e.g., power loss), via atomic transaction points.
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2018:
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named Datalight C was available from Datalight between 1987 and 1993; Datalight C, developed by
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2004:
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Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L Low Profile (SRCU31L): Technical Product Specification
1460:
476:-compatible file system aimed at consumer devices. It allows embedded systems to support
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1977:
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1100:
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In 2009, Datalight released FlashFX Tera to support the growing size and complexity of
659:
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Reliance has a maximum volume size of 2 TB and a maximum file size of 4 GB.
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Does not need to check disk integrity at start-up, meaning a shorter boot time.
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and connectivity package, is available as an optional add-on for ROM-DOS. The
517:
490:
423:
396:
248:
202:
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In June 2019, the Finnish storage software and networking technology company
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called Datalight Optimum-C, which later became Zortech C++, the first native
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ROM-DOS (sometimes called Datalight DOS) was introduced in 1989 as an
613:
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1814:
Datalight DOS Selected for Canon's New Line of Digital Still Cameras
1422:
Black Hat Physical Device Security: Exploiting Hardware and Software
1497:
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Pro70, Advantech's ADAM-4500, the Percon Falcon 325, several early
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54–72 KB of ROM or disk space (depending on version)
359:
Dynamic file system configuration for performance optimization.
2203:
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530:
268:
194:
1354:
Method and apparatus for allocating storage in a flash memory
2043:
1393:
Method and Apparatus for Fault-tolerant Memory Management
1367:
Method and system for managing bad areas in flash memory
189:
Datalight was founded in 1983 by Roy Sherrill, a former
150:
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TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols for Embedded Systems
292:
142:
1498:
Optimizing Resident Flash Arrays in Windows CE Devices
1380:
Reliable file system and method of providing the same
303:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
2328:
2201:
2089:
1306:
Desktop DOS goes undercover to run embedded systems
608:
596:
586:
574:
564:
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232:. Card Trick later evolved into the embedded flash
137:
127:
104:
86:
78:
55:
45:
37:
452:, Windows CE, and VxWorks. FlashFX Tera supports
193:engineer. Datalight's initial products were two
2647:Defunct software companies of the United States
1555:"Linux gains high-performance flash filesystem"
686:Some devices which use or used ROM-DOS are the
224:CardTrick was announced in 1993 to support the
2652:Software companies based in Washington (state)
1526:." Bill Graham. Wind River; November 24, 2009.
201:compiler and Datalight C-Bug debugger. A full
177:. As of 2019, the company was a subsidiary of
16:"ROM-DOS" redirects here. For other uses, see
2066:
1938:ADAM-4500 - PC-based Communication Controller
1416:
1414:
8:
2672:2019 disestablishments in Washington (state)
1155:Private Company Information: Datalight, Inc.
511:
23:
1978:INSTALL.TXT for System Update Package (SUP)
1712:
1710:
1665:PC/104 computer survives harsh environments
2610:
2095:
2073:
2059:
2051:
510:
261:signed an agreement to acquire Datalight.
29:
22:
2667:1983 establishments in Washington (state)
2662:Software companies disestablished in 2019
735:'s FMT 3000 came with a copy of ROM-DOS.
323:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:. Datalight C was also developed into an
1844:
1842:
1808:
1806:
1734:
1732:
1659:
1657:
1637:"Windows CE gets enhanced flash support"
1575:
1573:
1571:
1236:, Osborne McGraw-Hill, 1989, p. 34.
1147:
460:Products using FlashFX include Arcom's
2657:Software companies established in 1983
472:XCFiles, released in June 2010, is an
284:contains content that is written like
1195:Ensuring that devices don't lose data
7:
1796:". A.I. Corporation; July 6, 2010. (
1500:." Dennis Edwards and Keith Garvin.
209:, evolved into Zortech C and is now
1590:." Datalight. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
1517:The Rise to Dominance of NAND Flash
1463:." Datalight. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
1223:." Datalight. Retrieved 2010-08-23.
399:; an older version of RWD supports
1854:Appendix C: TCP/IP Protocol Stacks
366:, via the Reliance Windows Driver.
14:
1684:." Curtis-Wright. August 3, 2006.
1406:Tuxera acquired Datalight from US
181:under the name of Tuxera US Inc.
2609:
2599:
2598:
2019:"Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide"
1485:Reliance Nitro Developer's Guide
273:
1774:exFiles User's Manual (v. 1.04)
1391:United States Patent 8572036: "
1378:United States Patent 7284101: "
1365:United States Patent 6260156: "
1352:United States Patent 5860082: "
1277:History of PC based C-compilers
438:. FlashFX Pro is available for
362:Full data-exchangeability with
1172:Ganssle, Jack (13 July 2015).
1:
2637:2019 mergers and acquisitions
1863:. Charles River Media, 2002.
1174:"An Interview with Datalight"
643:. ROM-DOS includes a compact
1252:Volume 7, Issues 18–19
2141:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1
1951:Data Collection RF Scanners
1326:"Re: 80186 free C compiler"
1324:Norm Dresner (2005-09-30).
552:; 35 years ago
2688:
2642:Computer storage companies
2551:Technical Support SuperDOS
1473:Reliance Developer's Guide
15:
2594:
2098:
1695:Customer Story: Teltronic
1601:FlashFX Pro 3.0 Datasheet
747:is supported by ROM-DOS.
28:
1998:FMT 3000 Software Manual
197:applications: Datalight
18:ROM-DOS (disambiguation)
1890:. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
1787:exFATćć”ć¤ć«ć·ć¹ćć ć®ęµ·å¤åćč²©å£²ćéå§
1289:Walter Bright interview
1266:. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
1264:Walter Bright home page
728:Casio Algebra FX Series
386:Reliance Windows Driver
2251:Datapac System Manager
2082:Disk operating systems
1914:ROM-DOS Product Manual
1615:FlashFx Tera Datasheet
743:The following list of
442:(FlashFX Tera is not).
1648:WindowsForDevices.com
1537:Thanks For The Memory
669:System requirements:
349:Provides immunity to
305:neutral point of view
1822:; February 23, 1999.
1581:Flash Memory Drivers
1506:; November 01, 2001.
185:Overview and history
2411:DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11
2090:MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,
1671:; February 3, 2000.
1645:." Jonathan Angel.
1565:; January 29, 2008.
1279:." Bob Stout. 1998.
513:
482:SD Card Association
297:promotional content
215:optimizing compiler
175:Bothell, Washington
129:Number of employees
92:Bothell, Washington
60:Bothell, Washington
25:
2391:Concurrent DOS V60
2386:Concurrent DOS 68K
2231:Concurrent CP/M-86
2092:compatible systems
2003:2016-03-04 at the
1983:2011-07-13 at the
1953:." Data ID Online.
1886:2010-07-30 at the
1859:2009-12-28 at the
1798:Google translation
1792:2010-09-08 at the
1776:, pp. 67, 72.
1722:2016-03-04 at the
1700:2011-06-13 at the
1586:2010-07-30 at the
1522:2010-02-13 at the
1503:Dr. Dobb's Journal
1447:Reliance Datasheet
1428:. Syngress, 2004.
1334:comp.arch.embedded
1219:2019-03-02 at the
1197:." Tricia Duryee.
299:and inappropriate
66:(incorporated 1983
2624:
2623:
2131:
2130:
2026:www.datalight.com
1901:ROM-DOS Datasheet
1881:Datalight SOCKETS
1833:ROM-DOS Datasheet
1651:; April 15, 2010.
1541:Electronic Design
1539:." William Wong.
1487:, "Introduction".
1434:978-1-932266-81-8
1314:; August 4, 1994.
1200:The Seattle Times
679:10 KB of RAM
647:; and SOCKETS, a
628:
627:
522:Datalight, Tuxera
364:Microsoft Windows
333:
332:
325:
228:being built into
161:
160:
50:Computer software
2679:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2601:
2096:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2044:Official website
2030:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2009:
1994:
1988:
1987:." May 19, 2004.
1974:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1878:
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1829:
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1810:
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1777:
1771:
1765:
1750:
1744:
1736:
1727:
1714:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1667:." Warren Webb.
1661:
1652:
1644:
1639:. Archived from
1632:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1577:
1566:
1562:LinuxDevices.com
1558:
1550:
1544:
1533:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1494:
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1409:
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1383:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1321:
1315:
1308:." David Shear.
1302:
1296:
1293:Bitwise Magazine
1286:
1280:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1210:
1204:
1203:; July 16, 2007.
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1169:
1163:
1152:
624:
621:
619:
617:
615:
609:Official website
569:Embedded systems
565:Marketing target
560:
558:
553:
514:
508:Operating system
328:
321:
317:
314:
308:
286:an advertisement
277:
276:
269:
171:software company
157:
154:
152:
147:
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99:
73:
71:
33:
26:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2590:
2329:Other platforms
2324:
2281:NetWare PalmDOS
2197:
2127:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2005:Wayback Machine
1995:
1991:
1985:Wayback Machine
1975:
1971:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1894:
1888:Wayback Machine
1879:
1875:
1861:Wayback Machine
1848:Jones, M. Tim.
1847:
1840:
1830:
1826:
1811:
1804:
1794:Wayback Machine
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
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1737:
1730:
1724:Wayback Machine
1715:
1708:
1702:Wayback Machine
1692:
1688:
1679:
1675:
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1655:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1594:
1588:Wayback Machine
1578:
1569:
1559:." Eric Brown.
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:; May 21, 2009.
1534:
1530:
1524:Wayback Machine
1514:
1510:
1495:
1491:
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1479:
1471:
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1287:
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1227:
1221:Wayback Machine
1214:Leadership Team
1211:
1207:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
741:
688:Canon PowerShot
664:Turbo Assembler
641:long file names
612:
556:
554:
551:
547:Initial release
509:
506:
470:
409:
388:
376:
351:file corruption
343:
338:
336:Reliance family
329:
318:
312:
309:
290:
278:
274:
267:
187:
149:
148:
141:
130:
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100:
97:
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69:
67:
21:
12:
11:
5:
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2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Concurrent DOS
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2199:
2198:
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2077:
2070:
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2055:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2036:External links
2034:
2032:
2031:
2010:
1989:
1969:
1955:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1892:
1873:
1838:
1824:
1802:
1778:
1766:
1759:2012-07-30 at
1745:
1728:
1706:
1704:." ENEA. 2007.
1686:
1673:
1653:
1643:on 2011-07-16.
1627:
1620:2013-01-21 at
1606:
1592:
1567:
1545:
1528:
1508:
1489:
1477:
1465:
1452:
1438:
1420:Miller, Drew.
1410:
1397:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1345:
1316:
1297:
1281:
1268:
1256:
1238:
1232:Eckel, Bruce.
1225:
1205:
1186:
1176:. embedded.com
1164:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
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1113:
1108:
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649:network socket
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408:
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387:
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374:Reliance Nitro
372:
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354:
342:
339:
337:
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331:
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301:external links
281:
279:
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234:memory manager
211:Digital Mars C
186:
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168:privately held
159:
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2526:Sinclair QDOS
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2381:Commodore DOS
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2276:Multiuser DOS
2274:
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2027:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2008:, p. 41.
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1967:, p. 12.
1966:
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1869:1-58450-247-9
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1821:
1820:
1819:Business Wire
1815:
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1761:archive.today
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1622:archive.today
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1475:, ch. 1.
1474:
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1254:, p. 38.
1253:
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748:
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729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:HP OmniGo 100
701:
697:
693:
689:
681:
678:
676:or compatible
675:
672:
671:
670:
667:
665:
661:
660:Borland C/C++
657:
653:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
623:
611:
607:
604:
601:
599:
595:
592:
589:
585:
582:
579:
577:
573:
570:
567:
563:
549:
545:
542:
541:Closed-source
539:
535:
532:
529:
525:
521:
519:
515:
503:
501:
498:
496:
492:
488:
483:
479:
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467:
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455:
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441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
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417:
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413:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
393:Windows Vista
385:
383:
381:
373:
371:
365:
361:
358:
355:
352:
348:
347:
346:
340:
335:
327:
324:
316:
313:December 2021
306:
302:
298:
294:
288:
287:
282:This article
280:
271:
270:
264:
262:
260:
255:
252:
250:
245:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:Walter Bright
204:
200:
196:
192:
184:
182:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
156:
146:
140:
136:
132:
126:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
98:United States
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
19:
2401:Cromemco DOS
2356:Apple ProDOS
2025:
2013:
1996:
1992:
1972:
1962:
1958:
1945:
1940:. Advantech.
1933:
1926:ROM DOS 6.22
1921:
1916:, p. 6.
1913:
1909:
1904:, p. 2.
1899:
1895:
1876:
1849:
1836:, p. 1.
1831:
1827:
1817:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1764:, p. 2.
1752:
1748:
1743:, p. 1.
1738:
1689:
1676:
1668:
1646:
1641:the original
1630:
1625:, p. 1.
1613:
1609:
1604:, p. 1.
1599:
1595:
1560:
1548:
1540:
1531:
1511:
1501:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1455:
1450:, p. 1.
1445:
1441:
1421:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1337:. Retrieved
1319:
1309:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1271:
1259:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1208:
1198:
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1167:
1159:BusinessWeek
1157:
1150:
742:
696:Tandy Zoomer
685:
668:
645:TCP/IP stack
629:
576:Available in
537:Source model
499:
471:
459:
446:FlashFX Tera
445:
432:Nucleus PLUS
419:
414:
410:
401:Windows 2000
389:
377:
369:
344:
319:
310:
295:by removing
291:Please help
283:
256:
253:
246:
243:
239:
230:PCMCIA cards
226:flash memory
223:
219:C++ compiler
188:
163:
162:
87:Headquarters
82:Roy Sherrill
38:Company type
2546:SpartaDOS X
1754:XCFiles FAQ
1295:; May 2006.
1247:PC Magazine
944:MINICMD.COM
674:Intel 80186
658:comes with
603:Proprietary
420:FlashFX Pro
2631:Categories
2296:PC-MOS/386
2286:Novell DOS
2183:SISNE plus
2173:Novell DOS
2153:IBM PC DOS
2113:Comparison
1426:p. 49
1339:2010-07-19
1180:2015-08-06
1143:References
712:Nokia 9000
487:semaphores
424:Windows CE
415:Versions:
397:Windows XP
293:improve it
249:NAND flash
203:C compiler
2541:SpartaDOS
2496:NewDos/80
2371:Atari TOS
2366:Atari DOS
2361:Apple SOS
2351:Apple DOS
1404:Nordic 9
1330:Newsgroup
1234:Using C++
700:IBM Simon
618:/products
587:Platforms
527:OS family
518:Developer
164:Datalight
143:datalight
24:Datalight
2605:Category
2571:TurboDOS
2536:SmartDOS
2476:MicroDOS
2336:AmigaDOS
2321:TurboDOS
2316:Towns OS
2261:K8918-OS
2256:DOS Plus
2146:MS-DOS 7
2118:Commands
2108:Timeline
2001:Archived
1981:Archived
1884:Archived
1857:Archived
1790:Archived
1757:Archived
1720:Archived
1717:PROMDISK
1698:Archived
1618:Archived
1584:Archived
1520:Archived
1461:Reliance
1217:Archived
1106:TRUENAME
1097:TRANSFER
1073:SMARTDRV
929:LOADHIGH
846:DISKCOPY
841:DISKCOMP
836:DISK2IMG
745:commands
739:Commands
620:/rom-dos
495:integers
491:unsigned
341:Reliance
265:Products
111:Reliance
105:Products
46:Industry
2586:Z80-RIO
2556:Top-DOS
2511:RealDOS
2486:MSX-DOS
2421:DOS/360
2416:DIP DOS
2406:CSI-DOS
2311:SCP1700
2301:REAL/32
2291:OpenDOS
2271:MP/M-86
2241:CP/M-86
2216:4690 OS
2211:4680 OS
2193:FreeDOS
2188:PTS-DOS
2178:ROM-DOS
1740:XCFiles
1726:. MCSI.
1332::
1116:UMBLINK
1053:SERSERV
1048:SERLINK
1035:RESTORE
1025:REMSERV
1020:REMQUIT
1015:REMDISK
869:EXE2BIN
826:DELTREE
801:COMMAND
598:License
581:English
555: (
512:ROM-DOS
504:ROM-DOS
493:64-bit
468:XCFiles
436:ThreadX
428:VxWorks
407:FlashFX
199:Small-C
153:.tuxera
138:Website
120:ROM-DOS
117:XCFiles
114:FlashFX
79:Founder
68: (
56:Founded
41:Private
2614:
2603:
2566:TRSDOS
2561:TR-DOS
2461:iS-DOS
2451:IDEDOS
2446:GEMDOS
2426:DOS XL
2376:BW-DOS
2341:AMSDOS
2266:FlexOS
2221:86-DOS
2202:Other
2163:DR-DOS
2136:MS-DOS
1867:
1432:
1126:VERIFY
997:PROMPT
969:MSCDEX
924:LFNFOR
894:FORMAT
859:EMM386
788:CHOICE
783:CHKDSK
758:BACKUP
753:ATTRIB
733:Symbol
632:MS-DOS
614:tuxera
480:, the
462:PC/104
434:, and
259:Tuxera
191:Boeing
179:Tuxera
166:was a
2581:Z-DOS
2516:SB-80
2506:PTDOS
2491:MyDOS
2456:IMDOS
2346:ANDOS
2306:SB-86
2168:H-DOS
2158:DOS/V
2123:Games
2084:(DOS)
2022:(PDF)
1136:XCOPY
1083:SUBST
1068:SHIFT
1063:SHARE
1040:RMDIR
1001:PROTO
992:PRINT
987:POWER
982:PAUSE
949:MKDIR
919:LABEL
879:FDISK
864:ERASE
778:CHDIR
763:BREAK
724:9110i
716:9000i
637:FAT32
474:exFAT
450:Linux
2616:List
2576:UDOS
2531:RDOS
2501:OS/M
2481:MP/M
2471:MDOS
2466:ISIS
2441:FLEX
2431:Edos
2396:CP/M
2246:CP/K
2226:ADOS
1865:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1111:TYPE
1101:TREE
1093:TIME
1078:SORT
977:PATH
964:MOVE
959:MORE
954:MODE
914:KEYB
904:HELP
899:GOTO
884:FIND
874:EXIT
854:ECHO
850:DUMP
816:DATE
811:CTTY
806:COPY
797:COMM
768:CALL
720:9110
692:PDAs
662:and
639:and
616:.com
557:1989
550:1989
489:and
478:SDXC
395:and
380:tree
155:.com
145:.com
70:1983
64:U.S.
2521:SCP
2436:EOS
2204:x86
2103:API
1816:."
1669:EDN
1311:EDN
1131:VOL
1121:VER
1088:SYS
1058:SET
1044:RSZ
1030:REN
1010:REM
973:NED
939:MEM
889:FOR
831:DIR
821:DEL
793:CLS
726:),
708:120
656:SDK
652:API
591:x86
531:DOS
497:).
454:MLC
195:DOS
151:www
2633::
2024:.
1852:,
1841:^
1805:^
1800:.)
1731:^
1709:^
1656:^
1570:^
1424:,
1413:^
1395:."
1382:."
1369:."
1356:."
1328:.
1291:.
1250:,
1005:RD
934:MD
909:IF
773:CD
710:,
702:,
698:,
666:.
430:,
426:,
133:29
95:,
62:,
2074:e
2067:t
2060:v
2028:.
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1949:"
1871:.
1812:"
1785:"
1693:"
1680:"
1663:"
1634:"
1579:"
1557:.
1552:"
1535:"
1515:"
1496:"
1459:"
1436:.
1408:.
1342:.
1304:"
1275:"
1212:"
1193:"
1183:.
1162:.
722:/
718:/
714:/
706:/
694:(
622:/
559:)
326:)
320:(
315:)
311:(
307:.
289:.
74:)
72:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.