1625:
1686:
375:
409:. Natural pollination occurs with about an equal number of male and female plants. With assistance, one male can pollinate up to 100 females. Since the males are of value only as pollinators, they are usually pruned in favor of fruit-producing female plants. Some growers do not maintain male plants, as male flowers become available at local markets at pollination time. Manual pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders, or by use of a wind machine. In some areas such as Iraq the pollinator climbs the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back (called
1655:
751:
1640:
770:, which successfully sprouted after accidental storage for 2,000 years. In total seven seeds about 2000 years old have sprouted and turned into trees named Methuselah, Hannah, Adam, Judith, Boaz, Jonah and Uriel. The upper survival time limit of properly stored seeds remains unknown. A genomic study from New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Genomics and Systems Biology showed that domesticated date palm varieties from North Africa, including well-known varieties such as
524:(Khalas variety) was published in 2011 followed by more complete genome assemblies in 2013 and 2019. The later study used long-read sequencing technology. With the release of this improved genome assembly, the researchers were able to map genes for fruit color and sugar content. The NYU Abu Dhabi researchers had also re-sequenced the genomes of several date varieties to develop the first single nucleotide polymorphism map of the date palm genome in 2015.
51:
1104:
3816:
1340:
513:
394:
874:
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928:
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856:
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38:
1624:
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So she conceived him, and she retired with him to a remote place. And the pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. she cried (in her anguish): 'Ah! would that I had died before this! would that I had been a thing forgotten and out of sight!' But (a voice) cried to her from beneath
699:
Date palms can take 4 to 8 years after planting before they will bear fruit, and start producing viable yields for commercial harvest between 7 and 10 years. Mature date palms can produce 70–140 kilograms (150–300 pounds) of dates per harvest season. They do not all ripen at the same time so several
819:
and varieties emerged through history of its cultivation, but the exact number is difficult to assess. Hussain and El-Zeid (1975) have reported 400 varieties, while Nixon (1954) named around 250. Most of those are limited to a particular region, and only a few dozen have attained broader commercial
1286:
in
Scandinavia. Some designs were patented. These have generally been replaced by an inexpensive pale-colored knobbled plastic fork that resembles a date branch, which is traditionally included with numerous brands of prepackaged trays of dates, though this practice has declined in response to
1480:
and elsewhere in Italy, including a garden scene from the House of the
Wedding of Alexander. In later times, traders spread dates around southwest Asia, northern Africa, and Spain. Dates were introduced into California by the Spaniards by 1769, existing by then around
700:
harvests are required. To obtain fruit of marketable quality, the bunches of dates must be thinned and bagged or covered before ripening so that the remaining fruits grow larger and are protected from weather and animals, such as birds, that also like to eat them.
315:
years of age when maintained properly. Date fruits (dates) are oval-cylindrical, 3 to 7 centimetres (1 to 3 inches) long, and about 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter, with colour ranging from dark brown to bright red or yellow, depending on variety. Containing
367:, having separate male and female plants. They can be easily grown from seed, but only 50% of seedlings will be female and hence fruit-bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality. Most commercial plantations thus use
374:
343:
Date palms reach up to 30 metres (100 feet) in height, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100 years of age when maintained properly. The roots have
3315:
1523:, palm trees are referenced as symbols of prosperity and triumph. Psalm 92:12 states that "The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree." Palm branches occurred as iconography in sculpture ornamenting the
639:), currently poses a significant threat to date production in parts of the Middle East as well as to iconic landscape specimens throughout the Mediterranean world. Another significant insect pest is
1178:(types of Arab cookies) and other dessert items. Date nut bread, a type of cake, is very popular in the United States, especially around holidays. Dates are also processed into cubes, paste called
1922:
3682:
1519:
Many Jewish scholars believe that the "honey" reference in Exodus chapter 3 to "a land flowing with milk and honey" is actually a reference to date "honey", and not honey from bees. In the
1319:
beans, or as an additive to coffee. Experimental studies have shown that feeding mice with the aqueous extract of date pits exhibit anti-genotoxic effects and reduce DNA damage induced by
3628:
the (palm-tree): 'Grieve not! for thy Lord hath provided a rivulet beneath thee; And shake towards thyself the trunk of the palm-tree; it will let fall fresh ripe dates upon thee.'
3307:
1417:
pulp, used for walking sticks, brooms, fishing floats, and fuel. Leaf sheaths are prized for their scent, and fibre from them is also used for rope, coarse cloth, and large hats.
360:, with about 150 leaflets. The leaflets are 30 centimetres (12 inches) long and 2 cm (1 in) wide. The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10 m (20–33 ft).
1883:
1424:
to make bread in times of scarcity. The flowers of the date palm are also edible. Traditionally the female flowers are the most available for sale and weigh 300–400 grams (
2805:
Hussain F, El-Zeid A (1975). Studies on physical and chemical characteristics of date varieties of Saudi Arabia (Report). Ministry of
Agriculture and Water, Saudi Arabia.
1409:
In North Africa, date palm leaves are commonly used for making huts. Mature leaves are also made into mats, screens, baskets, and fans. Processed leaves can be used for
2554:
4152:
2466:
1420:
Young date leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, as is the terminal bud or heart, though its removal kills the palm. The finely ground seeds are mixed with
1272:, a Middle Eastern fruit syrup. In Pakistan, a viscous, thick syrup made from the ripe fruits is used as a coating for leather bags and pipes to prevent leaking.
4204:
3192:
1089:(GI) for different varieties of the date palm fruit is in the range of 38-71, with 53 on average, indicating dates are a relatively low GI food source. The
1654:
3618:
1093:(GL) value of date palm fruits, calculated for a serving size of three fruits (weighting 27 gramm) is 9 on average, indicating that dates have low GL.
719:
Dates have been cultivated in the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands of years, and there is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in
1850:
4090:
3735:
4165:
4103:
3658:
1966:
1758:
1749:
2488:
4302:
1609:). The date palm, associated with masculinity, and wellspring, associated with femininity, are often mentioned together as heavenly symbols in
3994:
3668:
3536:
3354:
2844:
2590:
1930:
2435:
971:
2525:
1816:
2850:
743:
and ate dates at harvest. Evidence of cultivation is continually found throughout later civilizations in the Indus Valley, including the
593:
The place of origin of the date palm is uncertain because of long cultivation. According to some sources it probably originated from the
3133:
2681:"Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies"
1993:"Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies"
1936:
1501:
3593:
1639:
3989:
2657:
4419:
3501:
2058:
Belarbi-Halli R, Mangenot F (1 August 1986). "Bayoud disease of date palm: ultrastructure of root infection through pneumatodes".
1718:
442: in) diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Dates contain a single
4399:
1331:
Stripped fruit clusters are used as brooms. Recently, the floral stalks have been found to be of ornamental value in households.
1266:, is used while cooking chicken and also for sweets and desserts, and as a honey substitute. Dates are one of the ingredients of
3164:
4389:
4139:
3077:
2403:
660:
tribe in a remote region of Nevada. Nine of these survived and in 1935, cultivars were transferred to the U.S. Date Garden in
4404:
4281:
2542:
1482:
4170:
3421:
1666:
4429:
4191:
3528:
Jerusalem und die Länder : Ikonographie, Topographie, Theologie ; Festschrift für Max Küchler zum 65. Geburtstag
2326:
1754:
4439:
3728:
2458:
2343:
1208:-covered dates and products such as sparkling date juice, used in some Islamic countries as a non-alcoholic version of
3940:
3904:
3186:
2748:
2359:
1476:
gardens, though it would not bear fruit in the more temperate climate of Italy. It is recognizable in frescoes from
1227:, imported chopped dates are added to, or form the main basis of a variety of traditional dessert recipes including
4315:
2338:
628:
4209:
4409:
1075:
635:
50:
4424:
4414:
2613:
Tengberg M (November 2012). "Beginnings and early history of date palm garden cultivation in the Middle East".
1528:
275:
4320:
3922:
1527:
in
Jerusalem, on Jewish coins, and in the sculpture of synagogues. They are also used as ornamentation in the
750:
3885:
371:
of heavily cropping cultivars. Plants grown from cuttings will fruit 2–3 years earlier than seedling plants.
4067:
3831:
3721:
3615:
1631:
4072:
4046:
1838:
1311:(41%). Date palm seeds contain 0.56–5.4% lauric acid. They can also be processed chemically as a source of
4384:
4041:
3955:
3847:
3744:
1646:
1536:
1320:
810:
707:
soils with a pH of 8–11 (alkaline). The soil should have the ability to hold moisture and also be free of
320:
percent sugar by mass when dried, dates are very sweet and are enjoyed as desserts on their own or within
3945:
3464:
4394:
2777:
1535:
of native
Israeli plants revered in Judaism. The date palm has historically been considered a symbol of
1228:
1160:
for use as a snack food. Dates can also be chopped and used in a range of sweet and savory dishes, from
167:
4108:
1958:
1740:
2496:
1782:
4434:
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4059:
4002:
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2622:
2280:
2223:
2155:
2006:
1524:
1451:
1236:
1052:
1048:
1032:
2269:"Whole genome re-sequencing of date palms yields insights into diversification of a fruit tree crop"
4266:
1497:
1382:
1280:
In the past, sticky dates were served using specialized small forks having two metal tines, called
780:
4183:
656:
palms were transferred from
Morocco to the United States where they were tended by members of the
4379:
4351:
4307:
4271:
4054:
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3413:
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1002:
786:
728:
641:
619:
308:
191:
45:
2518:
4157:
3346:
1808:
1303:. Their oil is suitable for use in cosmetics and dermatological applications. The oil contains
4253:
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3674:
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3542:
3532:
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3251:
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2171:
2124:
2116:
2075:
2040:
2022:
1926:
1370:
1255:
1232:
732:
708:
664:. Eventually this stock was reintroduced to Africa and led to the U.S. production of dates in
661:
3127:
1912:
1876:
4258:
3585:
3405:
3338:
3282:
3241:
3231:
3108:
3014:
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2912:
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2708:
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2231:
2179:
2163:
2106:
2067:
2030:
2014:
1997:
1600:
1586:
1209:
1121:
Dry or soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with fillings such as
1103:
1044:
1036:
794:
763:
680:
Dates are a traditional crop throughout the Middle East and North Africa. Dates (especially
669:
594:
406:
353:
4131:
3815:
2649:
1566:(the Virgin Mary) to eat dates during labour pains when she gives birth to Isa (Jesus). In
4240:
3622:
3468:
2873:"Dates production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"
2369:
2348:
1455:
1394:
1339:
1224:
1097:
778:, share large parts of their genome with Middle East date palms and the Cretan wild palms,
693:
512:
405:, but in traditional oasis horticulture and modern commercial orchards, they are entirely
368:
296:
144:
88:
20:
4343:
1877:"Date Palm Genetic Resource Conservation, Breeding, Genetics, And Genomics In California"
3308:"The Nipah virus has a kill rate of 70%. Bats carry it. But how does it jump to humans?"
2696:
2626:
2284:
2227:
2159:
2010:
605:
area. Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years.
393:
4294:
4289:
4033:
3246:
3215:
3019:
2984:
2960:
2933:
2713:
2680:
2301:
2268:
2244:
2211:
2184:
2143:
2095:"De novo genome sequencing and comparative genomics of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)"
2035:
1992:
1710:
1610:
1130:
1086:
1063:
724:
477:
301:
259:
75:
2917:
2904:
4373:
3805:
3770:
3339:
3156:
2382:
2334:
1532:
1465:
1157:
1090:
1056:
998:
816:
767:
736:
665:
547:
321:
183:
101:
3417:
3069:
1438:–14 oz). The flower buds are used in salad or ground with dried fish to make a
4356:
3968:
3795:
3639:
2634:
1509:
1461:
1149:
1137:
994:
985:, led by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria accounting for 46% of the total (table).
879:
602:
418:
Date fruits are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long, and 2–3 cm (
311:
with several stems from a single root system. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100
307:
Date palms reach up to 30 metres (100 feet) in height, growing singly or forming a
291:
251:
3909:
3896:
1570:
culture, dates and yogurt or milk are traditionally the first foods consumed for
1282:
4196:
4178:
4116:
3879:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3707:
3389:
3042:
Miller CJ, Dunn EV, Hashim IB (2002). "Glycemic index of 3 varieties of dates".
1677:
1596:
1513:
1378:
1348:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1201:
1188:
1028:
1024:
1023: oz) reference amount, dates supply 1,180 kilojoules (280 kilocalories) of
821:
775:
685:
646:
613:
598:
493:
402:
255:
114:
2395:
2235:
3678:
3409:
3287:
3270:
3220:
L.) Pits
Extract Against DNA Damage Induced by N-Nitroso-N-methylurea in Mice"
2985:"Glycemic indices of five varieties of dates in healthy and diabetic subjects"
1691:
Palm trees and other trees in the middle of the road (Abu Dhabi, Middle East).
1548:
1308:
1183:
1040:
704:
657:
572:
386:
345:
283:
271:
267:
3571:
3546:
3447:
3236:
3010:
2950:
2791:
2175:
2120:
2079:
2026:
1377:
The consumption of raw date palm sap is one of the means by which the deadly
335:
agriculture and highly symbolic in Muslim, Christian, and Jewish religions".
4028:
4015:
3511:
3001:
1582:
1473:
1439:
1414:
1344:
1240:
1205:
723:, a Neolithic civilization in western Pakistan, around 7000 BCE and in
382:
364:
263:
239:
134:
4222:
3870:
3255:
3055:
3028:
2969:
2737:
2722:
2704:
2310:
2253:
2193:
2128:
2044:
2018:
327:
There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Arabia from the 6th
4333:
4245:
3526:
4328:
3932:
3864:
3780:
3491:
3275:
International
Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology
2872:
1390:
1386:
1244:
1174:
1145:
1071:
933:
829:
759:
720:
124:
4082:
3112:
2875:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (
2747:. National Seed Laboratory, 5675 Riggins Mill Rd, Dry Branch, GA 31020.
4217:
4095:
3976:
3800:
3785:
3775:
2876:
2292:
2167:
1575:
1505:
1477:
1213:
1193:
1169:
1165:
1079:
1067:
897:
825:
771:
744:
681:
653:
485:
357:
279:
4121:
3917:
3790:
3561:
2111:
2094:
1552:
1544:
1316:
1268:
1251:
1161:
1141:
1126:
1122:
731:. Dates have been cultivated since ancient times from Mesopotamia to
689:
501:
349:
3841:
2071:
37:
2679:
Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, et al. (7 February 2020).
1991:
Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, et al. (7 February 2020).
1250:
In
Southeast Spain (where a large date plantation exists including
4144:
4020:
2783:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1540:
1520:
1493:
1489:
1421:
1352:
1338:
1259:
1217:
1134:
1102:
982:
861:
749:
612:
576:
568:
537:
511:
443:
392:
373:
332:
62:
3713:
2519:"Publications | Extension | University of Nevada, Reno"
1595:, which can refer to both the tree and its fruit) symbolizes the
1258:) dates (usually pitted with fried almond) are served wrapped in
645:, sometimes called the "dubas bug", whose sap sucking results in
561:), which means 'date' (also 'finger'), and with the native Latin
4007:
2210:
Hazzouri KM, Gros-Balthazard M, Flowers JM, et al. (2019).
1673:
1398:
951:
915:
740:
688:) are also cultivated in the southwestern United States, and in
3845:
3717:
3390:"Historical evidence of the Spanish introduction of date palm (
3216:"In Vivo Comparative Studies on Antigenotoxicity of Date Palm (
1604:
1590:
3462:
3311:
2983:
Alkaabi JM, Al-Dabbagh B, Ahmad S, et al. (28 May 2011).
2430:
2093:
Al-Dous EK, George B, Al-Mahmoud ME, et al. (June 2011).
1630:
Dried date, peach, and apricot from Lahun, Fayum, Egypt. Late
1485:, and were introduced to Mexico as early as the 16th century.
1006:
2327:
2322:
2320:
580:
556:
550:
415:
in Arabic) to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing.
2142:
Al-Mssallem IS, Hu S, Zhang X, et al. (6 August 2013).
3493:
Eat and be satisfied : a social history of Jewish food
2212:"Genome-wide association mapping of date palm fruit traits"
1468:
processions to symbolize victory were most likely those of
1200:. Vinegar made from dates was a traditional product of the
1096:
Like many other fruits, dates contain measurable levels of
3660:
The
Mandaean Rivers Scroll (Diwan Nahrawatha): an analysis
2779:
Le livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam (kitab-al-felahah)
1923:
University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources
1287:
increased use of resealable packaging and calls for fewer
820:
importance. The most renowned cultivars worldwide include
2745:
Woody Plant Seed Manual, USDA FS Agriculture Handbook 727
793:
An article on date palm tree cultivation is contained in
3368:
3366:
2267:
Hazzouri KM, Flowers JM, Visser HJ, et al. (2015).
2144:"Genome sequence of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L"
352:
are 4–6 m (13–20 ft) long, with spines on the
3388:
Rivera D, Johnson D, Delgadillo J, et al. (2012).
2905:"The Role of Date Palm Fruit in Improving Human Health"
2585:. The World in Ancient Times. Oxford University Press.
1374:, depending on the region, can be also tapped for sap.
1315:. Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of
3441:
3439:
1500:. The tree was heavily cultivated as a food source in
571:
is known as a date. The fruit's English name (through
2574:
2572:
824:, originally of Algeria; Yahidi and Hallawi of Iraq;
2786:: A. Franck. pp. 321–326 (ch. 7 – Article 43).
1599:
and is often associated with the cosmic wellspring (
1472:. The date palm was a popular garden plant in Roman
1212:, for special occasions and religious times such as
3854:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3188:
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office
2934:"The unexpected truth about dates and hypoglycemia"
1789:
Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. 2024
1262:and shallow-fried. In Palestine date syrup, termed
981:In 2022, world production of dates was 9.7 million
238:, is a flowering-plant species in the palm family,
2459:"How One Indian Couple Saved 'The Fruit of Kings'"
1239:. They are particularly available to eat whole at
1156:. Partially dried pitted dates may be glazed with
2782:(in French). Translated by J.-J. Clement-Mullet.
3471:, JEWISH ACTION Magazine, Winter 5765/2005 issue
2816:Nixon R (1954). "Date culture in Saudi Arabia".
2205:
2203:
1539:and the Jewish people. The leaves are used as a
601:while others state that they are native to the
3099:Das B, Sarin JL (1936). "Vinegar from Dates".
2650:"Date Seed of Masada is Oldest Ever to Sprout"
1488:Dates are mentioned more than 50 times in the
1381:spreads from bats to humans. The virus can be
331:millennium BCE. Dates are "emblematic of
3729:
8:
3644:The secret Adam: a study of Nasoraean gnosis
3586:"KKL Preparing for Distribution of "Schach""
3271:"Floral Stalk on Date Palm: A New Discovery"
1223:Reflecting the maritime trading heritage of
1027:, and are a rich source (20% or more of the
410:
381:trunk section. As with other members of the
2909:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
2833:"22. Date Fruits Production and Processing"
1393:, by contrast, the vector was found to be
562:
541:
3842:
3736:
3722:
3714:
2938:Journal of Family & Community Medicine
1914:Imported and American Varieties of Dates (
1243:time. Dates are one of the ingredients of
585:, because of the fruit's elongated shape.
579:) comes from the Greek word for 'finger',
250:. The species is widely cultivated across
36:
27:
3531:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
3286:
3245:
3235:
3018:
3000:
2959:
2949:
2916:
2712:
2300:
2243:
2183:
2110:
2034:
1870:
1868:
1711:"Phoenix dactylifera L. — The Plant List"
1512:developed. Date palm leaves are used for
1496:. Date palms holds great significance in
1220:, it is traditional to eat a date first.
1078:(7-10%) of the fruit's total weight. The
617:Sooty mould, nymph and larval cuticle of
3132:. Vol. 1. Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
2839:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 396–.
1299:Date seeds are soaked and ground up for
993:Date palm fruits contain 21% water, 75%
839:
633:A major palm pest, the red palm beetle (
16:Palm tree cultivated for its sweet fruit
3191:. US Patent Office. 1953. p. 589.
2898:
2896:
2894:
2837:Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing
2362:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
1986:
1984:
1906:
1904:
1759:United States Department of Agriculture
1750:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1702:
1620:
1152:. Pitted dates are also referred to as
3404:(4): 1437–1439, 1441–1442, 1444–1445.
3101:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
2835:. In Hui YH, Barta J, Cano MP (eds.).
1660:Date palm cutting growing on the trunk
1413:. Dried leaf petioles are a source of
3710:(additional information from the FAO)
3318:from the original on 27 December 2023
3080:from the original on 12 February 2023
1777:
1775:
1547:. They are also commonly used as the
703:Date palms require well-drained deep
19:For other species of date palms, see
7:
4233:47c6c6aa-32a1-42df-bcbf-1de67937f6bd
3398:Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
2660:from the original on 9 December 2021
2531:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2469:from the original on 2 November 2021
972:UN Food and Agriculture Organization
3685:from the original on 8 October 2022
2754:from the original on 9 October 2022
797:'s 12th-century agricultural work,
747:period from 2600 to 1900 BCE.
411:
385:, date palms do not produce annual
3563:The Metsudah Kitzur Shulchan Aruch
3496:. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson.
3136:from the original on 17 March 2023
2438:from the original on 31 March 2015
2406:from the original on 18 April 2021
1853:from the original on 20 April 2014
1819:from the original on 20 April 2014
1721:from the original on 17 April 2019
1035:(22% DV) and a moderate source of
540:, and is formed with the loanword
456:–1 in) long and 6–8 mm (
300:, which contains 12–19 species of
242:, cultivated for its edible sweet
14:
3596:from the original on 8 March 2021
3424:from the original on 16 June 2022
3394:L., Arecaceae) into the Americas"
3195:from the original on 8 April 2023
3167:from the original on 29 July 2020
2853:from the original on 8 April 2023
2557:from the original on 6 April 2019
1969:from the original on 3 April 2019
1939:from the original on 8 April 2023
1889:from the original on 8 April 2023
1809:"Biota of North America Project,
1216:. When Muslims break fast in the
766:, is renowned for its long-lived
4321:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:668912-1
3826:
3825:
3814:
3214:Diab K, E. I. Aboul-Ela (2012).
1965:. US Department of Agriculture.
1843:in Flora of China @ efloras.org"
1684:
1665:
1653:
1638:
1623:
944:
926:
908:
890:
872:
854:
784:, as well as Indian wild palms,
49:
2579:Kenoyer JM, Heuston KB (2005).
2105:(6) (published 2011): 521–527.
1247:, a popular British condiment.
1192:in Libya, powder (date sugar),
3525:Küchler M, Theissen G (2009).
3345:. NRC Research Press. p.
2635:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.022
2381:"Date Palm". 15 October 2008.
1062:The primary carbohydrates are
21:Phoenix (plant) § Species
1:
3625:, retrieved on 28 Feb. 2015,
3129:Studies in Ancient Technology
2918:10.7860/JCDR/2020/43026.13442
2831:Sidhu JS (28 February 2008).
2582:The Ancient South Asian World
2426:"Medjool: A Date to Remember"
1755:Agricultural Research Service
1574:after the sun has set during
1204:. Recent innovations include
739:used the fruits to make date
652:In the 1920s, eleven healthy
567:, which means 'to bear'. The
2738:"Chapter 4 Storage of Seeds"
2615:Journal of Arid Environments
1605:
1591:
1531:. Date palms are one of the
597:region straddling Egypt and
551:
476: in) thick. Three main
446:(seed) about 2–2.5 cm (
2648:Fountain H (17 June 2008).
1911:Hodel D, Johnson D (2007).
1882:. The Conference Exchange.
1516:in the Christian religion.
1483:Mission San Diego de Alcalá
1385:by boiling the sap down to
243:
220:D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón
212:D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón
4456:
3646:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3452:. The Monist. p. 675.
2818:Ann. Date Growers' Instit.
2328:
2236:10.1038/s41467-019-12604-9
2060:Canadian Journal of Botany
1464:, the palm fronds used in
1449:
1362:, wild date palms such as
1107:Antique date forks in rack
1076:non-starch polysaccharides
808:
629:List of date palm diseases
626:
581:
557:
18:
3823:
3812:
3751:
3616:Chapter 19 - verses 22-25
3566:. Metsudah Publications.
3410:10.1007/s10722-012-9932-5
3288:10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22649
2457:Allen L (25 April 2014).
1551:in the construction of a
1543:in the Jewish holiday of
1347:tapped from date palm in
968:
845:
636:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
401:Dates are naturally wind-
197:
190:
173:
166:
46:Scientific classification
44:
35:
30:
4420:Plants described in 1753
3237:10.4103/0971-6580.103669
3224:Toxicology International
3070:"Foods High in Oxalates"
2951:10.4103/2230-8229.181008
2736:Bonner FT (April 2008).
1529:Feast of the Tabernacles
1055:(10-19% DV), with other
1009:(table). In a 100-gram (
841:Dates production – 2022
516:Germination of date palm
397:Leaves of the date palm
234:, commonly known as the
4400:Garden plants of Africa
3449:Dictionary of the Bible
3446:James Hastings (1909).
3002:10.1186/1475-2891-10-59
2903:Al-Mssallem MQ (2020).
2344:A Greek–English Lexicon
1847:eFloras, Flora of China
1672:Date seller in the old
1218:evening meal of Ramadan
1082:content is negligible.
4390:Drought-tolerant trees
2705:10.1126/sciadv.aax0384
2019:10.1126/sciadv.aax0384
1918:) in the United States
1647:emblem of Saudi Arabia
1355:
1321:N-nitroso-N-methylurea
1108:
811:List of date cultivars
755:
727:between 5530 and 5320
624:
563:
542:
517:
398:
390:
4405:Garden plants of Asia
3663:. London: Routledge.
3592:. 24 September 2009.
3375:Ancient Roman Gardens
3373:Linda Farrar (1998).
3337:Ernest Small (2009).
3044:Saudi Medical Journal
2335:Liddell, Henry George
2273:Nature Communications
2216:Nature Communications
2148:Nature Communications
1925:(UCANR). p. 13.
1450:Further information:
1342:
1229:sticky toffee pudding
1184:date syrup or "honey"
1106:
974:, Statistics Division
753:
627:Further information:
616:
515:
396:
377:
4430:Tropical agriculture
3621:2 April 2015 at the
3590:Israel National News
3467:4 March 2022 at the
2099:Nature Biotechnology
1959:"Dates, deglet noor"
1715:www.theplantlist.org
1525:Second Jewish Temple
1492:and 20 times in the
1452:Palm branch (symbol)
1237:date and walnut loaf
715:Agricultural history
4440:Plants in the Bible
4272:Phoenix dactylifera
4060:Phoenix dactylifera
3995:Phoenix_dactylifera
3923:phoenix-dactylifera
3886:Phoenix dactylifera
3856:Phoenix dactylifera
3657:Nasoraia B (2022).
3392:Phoenix dactylifera
3341:Top 100 Food Plants
3314:. 31 January 2023.
3218:Phoenix Dactylifera
3163:. SM Publications.
3161:Silver Salon Forums
3113:10.1021/ie50319a016
2697:2020SciA....6..384S
2627:2012JArEn..86..139T
2545:Phoenix dactylifera
2491:Phoenix dactylifera
2463:Indian Country News
2434:. 17 October 2007.
2285:2015NatCo...6.8824H
2228:2019NatCo..10.4680H
2160:2013NatCo...4.2274A
2011:2020SciA....6..384S
1916:Phoenix Dactylifera
1841:Phoenix dactylifera
1811:Phoenix dactylifera
1785:Phoenix dactylifera
1743:Phoenix dactylifera
1498:Abrahamic religions
1470:P. dactylifera
1289:single-use plastics
1005:, and less than 1%
997:(63% sugars and 8%
842:
799:Book on Agriculture
781:P. theophrasti
379:Phoenix dactylifera
288:P. dactylifera
286:regions worldwide.
231:Phoenix dactylifera
177:Phoenix dactylifera
159:P. dactylifera
3708:Date palm products
3310:. Goats and Soda.
3126:Forbes RJ (1971).
2932:Yasawy MI (2016).
2365:A Latin Dictionary
2293:10.1038/ncomms9824
2168:10.1038/ncomms3274
1365:Phoenix sylvestris
1356:
1129:, pecans, candied
1109:
847:millions of tonnes
840:
815:A large number of
787:Phoenix sylvestris
756:
642:Ommatissus lybicus
625:
620:Ommatissus lybicus
536:'date-bearing' is
520:A draft genome of
518:
399:
391:
209:Phoenix chevalieri
4367:
4366:
4254:Open Tree of Life
3848:Taxon identifiers
3839:
3838:
3670:978-0-367-33544-1
3538:978-3-525-53390-1
3490:Cooper J (1993).
3356:978-0-660-19858-3
2989:Nutrition Journal
2846:978-0-470-27648-8
2592:978-0-19-522243-2
2551:www.growables.org
2400:iranicaonline.org
1932:978-1-879906-78-5
1645:Date palm in the
1585:, the date palm (
1508:and subsequently
1371:Phoenix reclinata
1256:Palmeral of Elche
1233:Christmas pudding
1186:called "dibs" or
979:
978:
975:
848:
737:ancient Egyptians
733:prehistoric Egypt
709:calcium carbonate
662:Indio, California
532:The species name
363:The date palm is
227:
226:
221:
213:
205:
201:Palma dactylifera
4447:
4410:Ornamental trees
4360:
4359:
4347:
4346:
4337:
4336:
4324:
4323:
4311:
4310:
4298:
4297:
4285:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4262:
4261:
4249:
4248:
4236:
4235:
4226:
4225:
4213:
4212:
4200:
4199:
4197:NBNSYS0200002859
4187:
4186:
4174:
4173:
4161:
4160:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4112:
4111:
4099:
4098:
4086:
4085:
4076:
4075:
4063:
4062:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4024:
4023:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3971:
3959:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3913:
3912:
3900:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3843:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3715:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3630:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3560:Karo Jb (1999).
3557:
3551:
3550:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3344:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3304:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3269:Kiran S (2014).
3266:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3239:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3022:
3004:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2963:
2953:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2900:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2742:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2685:Science Advances
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2499:on 23 March 2015
2495:. Archived from
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2357:
2351:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2114:
2112:10.1038/nbt.1860
2090:
2084:
2083:
2066:(8): 1703–1711.
2055:
2049:
2048:
2038:
1998:Science Advances
1988:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1963:FoodData Central
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1707:
1688:
1669:
1657:
1642:
1627:
1608:
1594:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1411:insulating board
1098:calcium oxalates
1059:in low amounts.
1045:dietary minerals
1037:pantothenic acid
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
969:
950:
948:
947:
932:
930:
929:
914:
912:
911:
896:
894:
893:
878:
876:
875:
860:
858:
857:
846:
843:
764:Judean date palm
670:Bard, California
595:Fertile Crescent
584:
583:
566:
560:
559:
554:
545:
475:
474:
470:
465:
464:
460:
455:
454:
450:
441:
440:
436:
433:
427:
426:
422:
414:
413:
330:
319:
314:
219:
211:
203:
179:
54:
53:
40:
28:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4425:Trees of Africa
4415:Phoenix (plant)
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4355:
4350:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4327:
4319:
4314:
4306:
4301:
4293:
4288:
4280:
4278:
4270:
4265:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4241:Observation.org
4239:
4231:
4229:
4221:
4216:
4208:
4203:
4195:
4190:
4182:
4177:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4128:
4120:
4115:
4107:
4102:
4094:
4089:
4081:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4006:
4001:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3975:
3967:
3962:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3916:
3908:
3903:
3895:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3850:
3840:
3835:
3819:
3810:
3747:
3742:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3671:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:Wayback Machine
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3539:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3504:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3469:Wayback Machine
3461:
3457:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3155:dragonflywink.
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3041:
3040:
3036:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2774:Ibn al-'Awwam Y
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2691:(6): eaax0384.
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2370:Perseus Project
2358:
2354:
2349:Perseus Project
2325:
2318:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2072:10.1139/b86-228
2057:
2056:
2052:
2005:(6): eaax0384.
1990:
1989:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1680:
1670:
1661:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1628:
1619:
1458:
1456:Plants in Islam
1448:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1407:
1395:factory farming
1337:
1329:
1297:
1278:
1119:
1114:
1064:monosaccharides
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
991:
945:
943:
927:
925:
909:
907:
891:
889:
873:
871:
855:
853:
838:
813:
807:
717:
694:Baja California
678:
631:
611:
591:
530:
510:
478:cultivar groups
472:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
452:
448:
447:
438:
434:
431:
429:
424:
420:
419:
407:hand-pollinated
341:
328:
317:
312:
302:wild date palms
252:northern Africa
217:Phoenix iberica
186:
181:
175:
162:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4453:
4451:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:wfo-0000269752
4348:
4338:
4325:
4312:
4299:
4286:
4276:
4263:
4250:
4237:
4227:
4214:
4201:
4188:
4175:
4162:
4149:
4136:
4126:
4113:
4100:
4087:
4077:
4064:
4051:
4038:
4025:
4012:
3999:
3986:
3973:
3960:
3950:
3937:
3927:
3914:
3901:
3891:
3876:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3745:Date cultivars
3743:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3703:
3702:External links
3700:
3697:
3696:
3669:
3649:
3631:
3607:
3577:
3552:
3537:
3517:
3502:
3482:
3473:
3455:
3435:
3380:
3377:. p. 141.
3362:
3355:
3329:
3294:
3261:
3230:(3): 279–286.
3206:
3178:
3147:
3118:
3091:
3061:
3034:
2975:
2924:
2890:
2864:
2845:
2823:
2808:
2797:
2765:
2728:
2671:
2654:New York Times
2640:
2605:
2591:
2568:
2534:
2510:
2480:
2449:
2417:
2387:
2374:
2352:
2316:
2259:
2199:
2134:
2085:
2050:
1980:
1950:
1931:
1900:
1864:
1830:
1800:
1771:
1732:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1632:Middle Kingdom
1629:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:Mandaean texts
1558:In the Quran,
1502:ancient Israel
1447:
1444:
1406:
1403:
1360:P. dactylifera
1336:
1333:
1328:
1327:Fruit clusters
1325:
1296:
1293:
1277:
1274:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1087:glycemic index
1074:(19-28%), and
1057:micronutrients
990:
987:
977:
976:
966:
965:
962:
958:
957:
954:
940:
939:
936:
922:
921:
918:
904:
903:
900:
886:
885:
882:
868:
867:
864:
850:
849:
837:
834:
817:date cultivars
809:Main article:
806:
803:
754:Mazafati dates
725:eastern Arabia
716:
713:
677:
674:
610:
607:
590:
587:
546:in Latin from
529:
526:
522:P. dactylifera
509:
506:
340:
337:
260:Horn of Africa
225:
224:
223:
222:
214:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
182:
171:
170:
164:
163:
156:
154:
150:
149:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
79:
78:
73:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4452:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:Desert fruits
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3822:
3817:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3503:0-87668-316-2
3499:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3333:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3210:
3207:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:"Jensen fork"
3151:
3148:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2543:"Date Palm –
2538:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2481:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2383:HowStuffWorks
2378:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2339:Scott, Robert
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1831:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1801:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1733:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:seven species
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1164:(tagines) in
1163:
1159:
1158:glucose syrup
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1091:glycemic load
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:, comprising
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:dietary fiber
996:
995:carbohydrates
988:
986:
984:
973:
967:
963:
960:
959:
955:
953:
942:
941:
937:
935:
924:
923:
919:
917:
906:
905:
901:
899:
888:
887:
883:
881:
870:
869:
865:
863:
852:
851:
844:
835:
833:
831:
827:
823:
818:
812:
804:
802:
800:
796:
795:Ibn al-'Awwam
791:
789:
788:
783:
782:
777:
773:
769:
768:orthodox seed
765:
761:
752:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
675:
673:
671:
667:
666:Yuma, Arizona
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
643:
638:
637:
630:
622:
621:
615:
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
588:
586:
578:
574:
570:
565:
553:
549:
544:
539:
535:
527:
525:
523:
514:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
445:
416:
408:
404:
395:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
338:
336:
334:
325:
323:
310:
305:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:
218:
215:
210:
207:
202:
199:
198:
196:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
172:
169:
168:Binomial name
165:
161:
160:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
76:Tracheophytes
74:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4395:Edible palms
3855:
3830:
3687:. Retrieved
3659:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3626:
3610:
3598:. Retrieved
3589:
3580:
3562:
3555:
3527:
3520:
3492:
3485:
3476:
3458:
3448:
3426:. Retrieved
3401:
3397:
3391:
3383:
3374:
3340:
3332:
3322:16 September
3320:. Retrieved
3281:(2): 53–54.
3278:
3274:
3264:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3187:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3160:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3128:
3121:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3073:
3064:
3050:(5): 536–8.
3047:
3043:
3037:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2944:(2): 115–8.
2941:
2937:
2927:
2908:
2881:. Retrieved
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2836:
2826:
2820:(31): 15–20.
2817:
2811:
2800:
2778:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2744:
2731:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2653:
2643:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2581:
2559:. Retrieved
2550:
2544:
2537:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2490:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2462:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2399:
2390:
2377:
2363:
2355:
2342:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2219:
2215:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2002:
1996:
1971:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1917:
1913:
1891:. Retrieved
1875:Krueger RR.
1855:. Retrieved
1846:
1840:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1810:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1784:
1762:. Retrieved
1748:
1742:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1580:
1563:
1557:
1518:
1510:Christianity
1487:
1469:
1462:Ancient Rome
1459:
1419:
1408:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1330:
1298:
1283:daddelgaffel
1281:
1279:
1267:
1263:
1249:
1222:
1187:
1179:
1173:
1154:stoned dates
1153:
1150:cream cheese
1120:
1095:
1084:
1061:
992:
980:
880:Saudi Arabia
828:of Morocco;
814:
798:
792:
785:
779:
757:
718:
702:
698:
679:
651:
640:
634:
632:
618:
603:Persian Gulf
592:
589:Distribution
533:
531:
521:
519:
497:
489:
481:
417:
400:
378:
362:
342:
326:
306:
295:
292:type species
287:
247:
235:
230:
229:
228:
216:
208:
200:
176:
174:
158:
157:
145:
108:
95:
82:
69:
25:
4435:Fruit trees
4179:NatureServe
4117:iNaturalist
3880:Wikispecies
3761:Deglet Nour
3614:The Quran,
3480:Psalm 92.12
3084:12 February
2621:: 139–147.
2489:"The Date,
2396:"Date palm"
2222:(1): 4680.
2154:(1): 2274.
1764:10 December
1678:Kuwait City
1597:cosmic tree
1514:Palm Sunday
1442:for bread.
1383:inactivated
1379:Nipah virus
1358:Apart from
1349:West Bengal
1313:oxalic acid
1305:lauric acid
1301:animal feed
1254:-protected
1202:Middle East
1029:Daily Value
1025:food energy
822:Deglet Noor
776:Deglet Nour
696:in Mexico.
686:Deglet Nour
676:Cultivation
649:formation.
647:sooty mould
599:Mesopotamia
534:dactylifera
494:Deglet Noor
383:palm family
346:pneumatodes
339:Description
322:confections
284:subtropical
276:naturalized
256:Middle East
115:Commelinids
89:Angiosperms
4374:Categories
4295:kew-152659
4290:Plant List
3953:Calflora:
3689:21 October
3679:1295213206
3107:(7): 814.
2664:9 December
2473:2 November
1697:References
1562:instructs
1446:In culture
1309:oleic acid
1307:(36%) and
1182:, spread,
1070:(23-30%),
1043:, and the
1041:vitamin B6
836:Production
705:sandy loam
658:Chemehuevi
575:, through
573:Old French
403:pollinated
387:tree rings
272:California
268:South Asia
204:(L.) Mill.
31:Date palm
4380:Date palm
4073:200027092
4047:200027092
4029:FloraBase
3640:Drower ES
3572:421411475
3547:457130327
3199:6 October
3011:1475-2891
2995:(1): 59.
2911:. India.
2792:780050566
2176:2041-1723
2121:1546-1696
2080:0008-4026
2027:2375-2548
1583:Mandaeism
1474:peristyle
1466:triumphal
1440:condiment
1415:cellulose
1241:Christmas
1210:champagne
1206:chocolate
1053:manganese
1049:magnesium
1033:potassium
1031:, DV) of
989:Nutrition
832:of Iran.
805:Cultivars
528:Etymology
365:dioecious
294:of genus
264:Australia
240:Arecaceae
236:date palm
153:Species:
135:Arecaceae
59:Kingdom:
4329:Tropicos
4184:2.153890
4158:10458413
4145:668912-1
3990:eFloraSA
3930:BioLib:
3865:Wikidata
3832:Category
3781:Mazafati
3683:Archived
3642:(1960).
3619:Archived
3594:Archived
3512:27266322
3465:Archived
3422:Archived
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