496:, the SALP membership was split over whether or not to support the war, with many of those opposing WWI then co-founding the "War on War League" in September 1914. The War on War League claimed to be an independent body of anti-war activists that worked within the SALP, and although Jones did not join them he did share their views. His firm opposition to WWI, along with his growing socialist and atheist beliefs heavily influenced by British socialist publications, led him to resigning as the SALP general secretary in September 1915 and he became the leader of a breakaway group called the International Socialist League (ISL). After leaving the SALP, Jones dedicated the remainder of his life to promoting racial equality and fighting against both colonialism and capitalism.
673:"They (black Africans) are ripe for communism. They are absolutely propertyless. They are stripped of every vestige of property and caste prejudice. The African natives are a labouring race, still fresh from ancestral communal traditions. I will not say that the native workers are well organised, or have a great conception of communism or even trade unionism, as yet. But they have made several attempts at liberation by way of industrial solidarity. They only need awakening. They know they are slaves, but lack the knowledge how to free themselves ... The solution of the problem, the whole world problem is being worked out in South Africa on the field of the working-class movement".
691:, Jones expressed his support for the Bolshevik's support for radical peasants in the fight against the Russian Orthodox Church. His writings in 1924 show that he was actively encouraging English-speaking socialists to read and study the works of Vladimir Lenin, alongside other Russian political figures, including Martov and Plekhanov. The years of political turmoil had taken a toll on Jones's health, and so the Comintern dispatched him to Yalta to recover from another tuberculosis attack. Writing to South African communist leader WH Bill Andrews, Jones said: "We stand for Bolshevism, and in all minds Bolshevism stands for the Native worker."
336:
528:
short-lived organisation known as the
Industrial Workers of Africa (IWA). He wrote agitation leaflets for the IWA, addressed to the Bantu, calling for racial equality and proletarian solidarity, however when he could not find a translator the work of translating the leaflets fell upon undercover police spies who had been sent to infiltrate the IWA. The IWA took part in many strikes and industrial disputes in 1918; however, the organisation was crushed via a combination of government repression and police infiltration.
382:
everything but name". Although at this point in his life Jones still held many bigoted views towards
Africans, witnessing the oppression of black people in South Africa triggered him to begin questioning his own views on race, and his views gradually became more ambivalent. Although he had not yet broken with segregation, his writings from mid-1911 record his gradual shift in attitudes towards black people, attacking people who used derogatory language against black workers.
711:
33:
642:
liberation of the
American slave was only an incident of a civil war between two factions of property holders engaged in a quarrel over the forms of exploitation, and was not the aim of the war as is commonly supposed. And as an aftermath of that war there was created a social attitude towards the Negro race which leaves the one time chattel slaves still degraded outcasts among the peoples of the earth."
328:. Jones became the treasurer and secretary of the Aberystwyth Unitarian chapel, which soon developed into a centre for radical left-wing politics. The records of this chapel show that striking miners were invited by the congregation and that the congregation also raised money for Penrhyn quarrymen who had been locked out of work for three years. The chapel records also show that the congregation hosted
220:'s works into English. He also started some of the first night-classes for African workers, and in 1919 was convicted and imprisoned for publishing a leaflet supporting both communism and racial equality, in what was the first major court case against communism in South Africa's history. He is credited as being the most influential South African socialist of his time.
544:"An Internationalism which does not concede the fullest rights which the Native working class is capable of claiming will be a sham. One of the justifications for our withdrawal from the Labour Party is that it gives us untrammelled freedom to deal, regardless of political fortunes, with the great and fascinating problem of the Native."
638:" is the greatest living accuser of capitalist civilization. The wealth of England and America is built upon his bones. The slave ships of Bristol and New York, with good Quaker prayers to speed them, founded the fortunes of many a Christian home. Every capitalist government is drenched with the blood of the Negro.
682:
near the end of July. Despite his not being present at the founding congress to his failing health, the party still recognised Jones as a founding member. Distancing himself from frontline political activism due to his failing health, Jones dedicated his time to learning
Russian and became one of the
597:
The publishing of this leaflet would gain the attention of the South
African government, which sought to censor its spread and punish the authors for promoting communism and racial equality. Both Jones and Greene were arrested, fined, and sentenced to four months in prison for the crime of publishing
531:
Becoming increasingly aware of the potential of black South
Africans in the labour movement, Jones prompted the International Socialist League (ISL) to start publishing socialist works in native African languages, demanding equal status for Black Africans in South African workplaces, and challenging
319:
where he encountered many differing views on
Christianity before returning to his native Aberystwyth and joining the Unitarian congregation. Jones was often berated by his neighbours for his Unitarianist beliefs and confronted by religious opponents at his workplace and on the streets for his choice
698:
In a final political testament written on his deathbed, Jones urged his fellow communists to continue supporting revolution against imperialism and capitalism, and to "carry out the great revolutionary mission imposed on colonies in general and South Africa in particular with revolutionary devotion
527:
After leaving the South
African Labour Party (SALP) in 1915, Jones dedicated the remainder of his life to supporting both communism and supporting racial equality between black and white workers. In 1917, he became the moving figure in establishing South Africa's first-ever all-black trade union, a
460:
towards black
Africans, with many of these new members arguing that they should be paid more than black people. Many older SALP members agreed and the party stuck to its racist and pro-segregationist beliefs. While many of these new members moved further politically right-wing, some veterans of the
626:. This report was a highly detailed and erudite survey of the complex political, social and economic conditions of South Africa, with a heavy emphasis on analysing the country's racial and class divisions. It is believed by researchers of communist history that Jones's survey had a major impact on
446:
newspaper. Rioters also looted the city centre, and anti-Indian violence began spreading across South Africa. Hearing of these events, Jones left his job as a clerk in a power station and dedicated himself to supporting unionised miners. The SALP also became a target of government oppression, with
763:
In 2015, a delegation of 20 representatives of the South
African embassy and government visited Novodevichy cemetery to return the remains of Marks and Kotane to South Africa, as requested by their surviving families. While in the cemetery, the delegation also paid their respects to the grave of
381:
David Ivon Jones arrived in South Africa in November 1910, seeking treatment for tuberculosis. Early after his arrival there, he became increasingly aware of the oppression of native black Africans, especially women, viewing their oppressed position in racist South African society as "slaves in
641:
British capitalism in South Africa, the French in the Cameroons, Belgium in the Congo, and the German Empire in Damaraland - they all constitute the blackest record in human history of mass slaughters and human violation of every primative human right continued up to the present day. Even the
455:
In August 1914, Jones was elected the general secretary of SALP, during a time when its membership and popular support was rapidly expanding. The large increase in membership and support transformed the SALP, and the wave of new overwhelmingly white working-class members brought with them
386:
Further commenting on his early views on the mistreatment of black workers, Jones writes: "the white man only considers his marketable value. When he begins to find that he has responsibilities towards the black man other than sending him missionaries, there will be a changed South
360:, a common disease in Wales in the early 20th century. Records from his chapel note that he left Cardiganshire "to seek health in New Zealand", following many people in his family who had migrated to British colonies. In 1907, Jones left Wales and then spent three years living in
694:
In July 1923, Jones wrote an article titled "Africa Awakening" in support of the creation of a "World Negro Congress", and he further urged white activists in Belgium, Britain and America to put special emphasis on the liberation of African people from racism and capitalism.
400:, viewing its creation as a step towards "national self-consciousness". Despite his sympathetic views for black Africans and the ANC, Jones was at this stage of his life a Liberal Christian activist, and in 1911 he joined a pro-segregationist political party called the "
287:. His parents died when he was very young, leaving him to be raised by various family members. In both Aberystwyth and Lampeter, Jones worked as a grocer in the family business. The Jones family hailed from a poor and mountainous farming region of Wales called
760:'s death in 2013, a remembrance service was held for David Ivon Jones, praising him for his fight against apartheid and recognising that Mandela's struggle against apartheid was a continuation of Jones's struggle for racial equality in South Africa.
677:
After hearing Jones's speech, the congress agreed that he should represent South Africa as a consultant to the Comintern executive committee. Due to his failing health, Jones remained in Moscow and was not able to attend the founding congress of the
425:
and military. The strike started as a peaceful event at the New Kleinfontein mine, with miners angry and bitter over issues of work time and deaths by disease. Soon afterwards, martial law was declared to stop attempts by workers to start a
416:
During his time in the SALP, many events in South African politics would force him to reconsider his Liberal and Christian beliefs, and pushed him to become a revolutionary communist and an atheist. From May to June 1913, white miners near
489:, and began studying a vast range of political philosophies, including Marxism. When he emerged from his depression, he found a new enthusiasm for political work and had completely abandoned his previous Christian beliefs.
665:"resolves to further the movement among the working masses of Africa ... and desires the Executive to take a direct initiative in promoting the awakening of the African Negroes as a necessary step to the world revolution".
610:
In 1920, before Jones permanently departed from South Africa later that year, one of his last major actions was to co-found communist-themed night schools for black workers in South Africa, along with famous botanist
748:
In 2005, a motion was put forward to the UK Parliament to recognise Jones's dedication to improving the working conditions of South African workers. This motion was signed by 33 Members of Parliament, including
464:
In 1914, Jones underwent a personal crisis, he became depressed and stopped attending church as often. He began collecting left-wing political and philosophical publications from Britain, including works by
347:"Ivon appeared to be a Christian Humanist, unless this is a contradiction in terms. Indeed he was more of a humanist than anything else and he always stressed the social and economic teachings of Jesus".
216:, and in 1917 played a leading role in the formation of South Africa's first all-black trade union, the Industrial Workers of Africa (IWA). Later in life he became one of the first people to translate
683:
first people to translate much of Lenin's writings into English. He also wrote many articles for publications in Britain, America, and for South African communists. Writing in February 1922 for
320:
to join the people of the "Y Smotyn Du" (The Black Spot). Among his shop account records, it was discovered by historians that Jones had an interest in philosophy, often writing quotes by
2046:
661:, as a delegate from South Africa, alongside political activist Sam Barlin. On 12 July, at the Third Congress of the Communist International, Jones proposed that the congress:
2056:
438:
to indiscriminately fire their guns towards fleeing civilians, killing 20 and wounding 200–400. The government's murder of unarmed and innocent civilians would plunge
1917:
1798:
212:
and for being one of the first white activists in South Africa to fight for equal rights for black South Africans. Jones was also one of the founders of the
602:. However, this sentence was quashed on appeal. This court case is notable for being the first major court case against communism in South African history.
258:(CPGB) and is considered an iconic figure and hero by many socialist and anti-apartheid political parties, including the South African Communist Party, the
447:
the party's printing machines destroyed and their offices raided by government troops. During this time, Jones barely escaped being arrested and deported.
1635:
2026:
2051:
1091:
1537:
927:
Visser, Wessel (2005). "Exporting Trade Unionism and Labour Politics: The British Influence on the Early South African Labour Movement".
1887:
974:
622:. In March 1921, while still living in Nice, he wrote a report for the executive committee of the Communist International (ECCI) titled
2021:
1824:
657:
After briefly visiting his home country of Wales, Jones was invited to the 1921 Third Congress of the Communist International held in
231:(SALP), becoming their general secretary in 1914. However, shortly afterwards he resigned as the leader of the SALP in 1915, became a
615:. These night schools became some of the first recorded instances of night schools for black workers in the history of South Africa.
2041:
2016:
1751:
1118:
902:
1741:
1857:
2031:
745:, Jones's early Welsh nationalism and love of Welsh literature gave him a "life-long hatred of tyranny and national oppression".
688:
567:
In 1919, working alongside activist LHH Greene, Jones co-authored a leaflet promoting both communism and racial equality. Titled
255:
180:
892:
730:, as a reward by Russian communists for his commitment to socialism. Later, buried alongside him were two former leaders of the
251:
and their leader Vladimir Lenin, who in turn was impressed with Jones's reports of class and racial divisions in South Africa.
213:
143:
1775:
335:
2066:
2036:
1724:
1521:
1108:
1216:
1190:
788:
731:
679:
175:
1909:
404:" (SALP). Although not yet an anti-capitalist and supporter of communism, he held a deep hatred towards South Africa's
401:
259:
228:
291:, which had once been the centre of resistance by tenant farmers and squatters to attempts by local landowners to
2061:
1707:
775:
767:
In 2015, Jones was voted 30th of the "50 most influential Welsh politicians of all time" in a poll by readers of
569:
397:
263:
159:
1453:
1238:
532:
colonial racism. During this time in his life, the importance of racial equality between the black and white
457:
312:
396:
In 1911, Jones welcomed the creation of the "South African Native National Congress", later becoming the
1503:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
1429:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
1401:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
1373:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
1349:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
1274:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
1031:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
1003:"Notes towards an intellectual history of the early communist party: The influence of David Ivon Jones"
2011:
2006:
727:
715:
422:
329:
224:
94:
699:
and dignity, concentrating on shaking the foundations of world capitalism and British imperialism".
802:, and published in 1995. Archival papers relevant to the study of David Ivon Jones can be found at
512:
1879:
710:
577:, and was addressed "to the workers of South Africa, Black as well as White". Written in English,
932:
803:
536:
became the central focus of his writings. Statements such as the following published by Jones in
516:
205:
1280:. University of Witwatersand: Institute for Advanced Social Research: 2 – via Wired Space.
1037:. University of Witwatersand: Institute for Advanced Social Research: 1 – via Wired Space.
618:
In November 1920, Jones left South Africa for Europe, but due to his declining health stayed in
299:
in Aberystwyth. It is believed that his grandfather's beliefs were a strong influence on David.
295:
common land. His grandfather, John Ivan Jones, was a leading campaigner for radical causes and
1747:
1114:
1087:
898:
795:
783:
365:
966:
548:
Due to ill health, Jones resigned from his position in the ISL in 1919 and briefly worked in
574:
486:
470:
343:
According to researcher Islwyn ap Nicholas, Jones was at this point a "Christian humanist":
493:
1978:
1940:
1053:
421:
rioted in protest over their working conditions before the riots were suppressed by the
1849:
871:
757:
627:
582:
504:
427:
217:
2000:
936:
866:
861:
846:
799:
750:
742:
578:
418:
321:
32:
1767:
1607:
856:
768:
474:
439:
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in South Africa, where he worked in a shop which was owned by two of his brothers.
357:
308:
201:
83:
1636:"South African Communist Party celebrates 99 years, plans next stage of struggle"
1502:
1428:
1400:
1372:
1348:
1273:
1030:
1002:
735:
533:
482:
478:
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socialism. The government immediately sent troops to crush the strike and using
361:
288:
280:
244:
56:
1191:"'Enlightened, Radical Cardiganshire': David Ivon Jones and his Native County"
612:
549:
508:
296:
248:
240:
60:
442:
into further chaos, crowds rioted and burnt down the railway station and the
1608:"Bolshevizing communist parties: The Algerian and South African experiences"
851:
734:, JB Marks and Moses Kotane. There is also a memorial dedicated to Jones in
466:
307:
In his youth, Jones became strongly influenced by the beliefs of the former
292:
232:
209:
135:
1799:"Anti-Apartheid Heroes Return to South Africa From Resting Place in Russia"
339:
Aberystwyth Unitarian chapel, with a plaque to commemorate David Ivon Jones
239:, and spent the remainder of his life fighting against racial segregation,
669:
Further elaborating on his views on communism and black Africans, he said:
405:
316:
722:
After his death from tuberculosis on 13 April 1924, Jones was buried in
511:
and to later in his life use to explain the importance of Russia's 1917
593:"While the Black worker is oppressed, the white worker cannot be free."
553:
435:
431:
311:
minister George Eyre Evans, who inspired Jones to abandon his family's
236:
1910:"Swansea University Libraries & Archives: Richard Burton Archives"
723:
658:
98:
1621:(2). University of York: 178 – via White Rose Research Online.
1479:
894:
People, Places and Passions: A Social History of Wales and the Welsh
332:
who was famous for being the first woman to be ordained in Britain.
1454:"David Ivon Jones: The early writings on socialism in South Africa"
1239:"David Ivon Jones: The early writings on socialism in South Africa"
408:, the capitalists who monopolised the gold and diamond industries.
709:
334:
325:
284:
79:
461:
party, including Jones, himself, began moving further left-wing.
702:
Soon afterwards, Jones died on 13 April 1924 from tuberculosis.
619:
315:
beliefs and adopt Unitarianism. In 1901, Jones moved to live in
787:, the ISL that Jones led would later become the nucleus of the
430:, events that further pushed Jones's political beliefs towards
1054:"Tributes to Mandela and Aberystwyth civil rights campaigner"
1221:
Ceredigion: Journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society
1195:
Ceredigion: Journal of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society
227:
and became a supporter of the pro-segregationist party, the
148:
Imprisoned for promoting both racial equality and communism
499:
He became the first editor of the ISL's weekly newspaper,
1850:"Delegate for Africa, The - David Ivon Jones 1883 - 1924"
223:
Upon first arriving in South Africa in 1910, Jones was a
1086:. UK: Manifesto Press Cooperative Limited. p. 106.
1825:"The 50 most influential Welsh politicians of all time"
897:. Vol. 1. University of Wales Press. p. 258.
16:
Welsh communist and anti-apartheid activist (1883–1924)
1962:
Ivon Jones, David (13 July 1923). "Africa Awakening".
1746:. Vol. 1. University of Wales Press. p. 7.
647:
David Ivon Jones, The International, 13 July 1923
247:. In later life, he became a strong supporter of the
1110:
The Deligate for Africa: David Ivon Jones, 1883–1924
1084:
Red Lives: Communists and the Struggle for Socialism
791:, which would recognise Jones as a founding member.
187:
167:
152:
130:
120:
112:
104:
90:
68:
42:
23:
279:David Ivon Jones was born on 18 October 1883, in
1538:"Winners despite their lack of formal education"
1227:: 108 – via The National Library of Wales.
1201:: 103 – via The National Library of Wales.
1797:Tetrault-Farber, Gabrielle (26 February 2015).
1082:Meddick, Simon; Payne, Liz; Katz, Phil (2020).
636:
356:At some point during his 20s, Jones contracted
140:Translating many of Lenin's works into English.
1480:"1917: A year in the life of David Ivon Jones"
794:A biography of Jones was written by Professor
573:, this leaflet was written and distributed in
451:Turn towards communism and atheism (1914–1915)
2047:South African expatriates in the Soviet Union
392:South African Labour Party - SALP (1911–1915)
8:
1989:(11) – via Marxists Internet Archive.
778:, and the Communist Party of South Africa.
606:Departure from Africa to Europe (1920–1924)
1951:(2) – via Marxists Internet Archive.
774:His legacy is highly regarded by both the
173:International Socialist League (1915–1921)
31:
20:
1107:Hirson, Baruch; Williams, Gwyn A (1995).
540:became common sights within his writings.
1113:. London: Core Publications. p. 1.
200:(18 October 1883 – 13 April 1924) was a
2057:Tuberculosis deaths in the Soviet Union
1490:: 102 – via University of London.
883:
689:Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB)
208:, most famous as a leading opponent of
181:Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB)
171:South African Labour Party (1911–1915),
1615:International Review of Social History
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1394:
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1388:
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1366:
1364:
1362:
1342:
1340:
1324:
1322:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1217:"'Enlightened, Radical Cardiganshire'"
1210:
1208:
680:Communist Party of South Africa (SACP)
523:Support for black Africans (1915–1920)
372:Activities in South Africa (1910–1920)
1920:from the original on 19 December 2021
1860:from the original on 19 December 2021
1778:from the original on 19 December 2021
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1630:
1628:
1586:
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1574:
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1320:
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1302:
1154:
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1150:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
996:
994:
992:
971:Encyclopedia of Communist Biographies
965:Stevenson, Graham (11 October 2011).
7:
1768:"FAIRTRADE IN ABERYSTWYTH AND WALES"
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1077:
1075:
1048:
1046:
1044:
977:from the original on 27 October 2020
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
1890:from the original on 31 August 2018
781:According to the Marxist newspaper
124:Industrial Workers of Africa (IWA).
1941:"Bolshevism & Church Property"
718:where David Ivon Jones was buried.
254:Jones was also a supporter of the
116:Journalist, grocer, trade unionist
14:
1823:Rowland, Paul (18 January 2015).
1484:Institute of Commonwealth Studies
412:The Witwatersrand uprising (1913)
270:Early life, family and background
204:communist, newspaper editor, and
891:Davies, Russell (15 June 2015).
256:Communist Party of Great Britain
210:South African racial segregation
789:Communist Party of South Africa
732:Communist Party of South Africa
398:African National Congress (ANC)
214:Communist Party of South Africa
144:Communist Party of South Africa
2027:British human rights activists
1507:African Studies Seminar Series
1433:African Studies Seminar Series
1405:African Studies Seminar Series
1377:African Studies Seminar Series
1353:African Studies Seminar Series
1278:African Studies Seminar Series
1189:Smith, Robert (13 June 1995).
1035:African Studies Seminar Series
1007:African Studies Seminar Series
822:Bolshevism and Church Property
1:
2052:Tuberculosis deaths in Russia
1691:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
1661:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
1591:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
1563:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
1329:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
1291:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
1174:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
1159:Meddick; Payne; Katz (2020).
191:John Ivon Jones (grandfather)
176:South African Communist Party
1939:Jones, David (August 1922).
1509:: 7 – via Wired Space.
1435:: 6 – via Wired Space.
1407:: 5 – via Wired Space.
1379:: 4 – via Wired Space.
1355:: 3 – via Wired Space.
1009:: 9 – via Wired Space.
1977:Jones, David (March 1924).
1880:"The Making of a Unitarian"
1743:People, Places and Passions
503:, which he used to support
364:. In 1920, he moved to the
2083:
816:The Bolsheviks are Coming!
600:The Bolsheviks are Coming!
587:The Bolsheviks are Coming!
561:The Bolsheviks are Coming!
402:South African Labour Party
260:Communist Party of Britain
229:South African Labour Party
2022:Apartheid in South Africa
1884:www.gwynalfwilliams.co.uk
1723:Hirson; Williams (1995).
1706:Hirson; Williams (1995).
1520:Hirson; Williams (1995).
776:African National Congress
624:Communism in South Africa
570:The Bolsheviks are Coming
492:Come the outbreak of the
264:African National Congress
160:The Bolsheviks are Coming
108:"The Delegate for Africa"
30:
2042:South African communists
2017:Anti-apartheid activists
1467:: 104. 1 September 1988.
1461:Searchlight South Africa
1246:Searchlight South Africa
377:Arrival in Africa (1911)
2032:People from Aberystwyth
1726:The Deligate for Africa
1709:The Deligate for Africa
1523:The Deligate for Africa
1501:Baruch, Hirson (1991).
1478:Hirson, Baruch (1990).
1427:Hirson, Baruch (1991).
1399:Hirson, Baruch (1991).
1371:Hirson, Baruch (1991).
1347:Hirson, Baruch (1991).
1272:Hirson, Baruch (1991).
1029:Hirson, Baruch (1991).
1001:Hirson, Baruch (1991).
741:According to historian
303:Early religious beliefs
142:Founding member of the
1606:Drew, Allison (2003).
1252:: 103. September 1988.
1215:Smith (13 June 1995).
719:
675:
667:
644:
595:
552:, where he contracted
546:
389:
349:
340:
2067:Welsh Marxist writers
2037:Socialist politicians
738:'s Unitarian chapel.
713:
687:, the journal of the
671:
663:
591:
542:
384:
345:
338:
313:Calvinistic Methodist
1983:The Communist Review
1979:"Lenin's First Book"
1945:The Communist Review
1774:. 28 February 2005.
728:Novodevichy Cemetery
716:Novodevichy Cemetery
685:The Communist Review
330:Gertrude von Petzold
275:Childhood and family
95:Novodevichy Cemetery
1914:archives.swan.ac.uk
1886:. 4 February 2016.
1729:. pp. 251–252.
1665:. pp. 109–110.
1567:. pp. 108–109.
1295:. pp. 107–108.
1178:. pp. 106–107.
967:"Jones, David Ivon"
834:Lenin's First Book
804:Swansea University
764:David Ivon Jones.
720:
634:"Africa Awakening"
341:
206:political prisoner
126:War on War League.
1964:The International
1772:edm.parliament.uk
1544:. 22 January 2011
1093:978-1-907464-45-4
1060:. 6 December 2013
796:Gwyn Alf Williams
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1712:. p. 248.
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1829:Wales Online
1828:
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154:Notable work
84:Soviet Union
74:(1924-04-13)
18:
2012:1924 deaths
2007:1883 births
929:New Contree
736:Aberystwyth
534:proletariat
483:Leo Tolstoy
479:H. G. Wells
362:New Zealand
289:Mynydd-Bach
281:Aberystwyth
245:colonialism
178:(1921–1924)
57:Aberystwyth
2001:Categories
1854:gwales.com
931:(49): 12.
878:References
726:'s famous
613:Eddie Roux
550:Mozambique
509:Bolsheviks
297:Liberalism
262:, and the
249:Bolsheviks
241:capitalism
61:Ceredigion
49:1883-10-18
1693:Red Lives
1663:Red Lives
1593:Red Lives
1565:Red Lives
1331:Red Lives
1293:Red Lives
1176:Red Lives
1161:Red Lives
937:150767409
852:Vic Allen
467:Karl Marx
406:Randlords
309:Unitarian
233:communist
188:Relatives
136:apartheid
1918:Archived
1888:Archived
1858:Archived
1776:Archived
975:Archived
841:See also
513:February
507:and the
436:dragoons
387:Africa'.
317:Lampeter
1924:9 April
1894:9 April
1864:9 April
1834:9 April
1808:9 April
1782:9 April
1646:9 April
1548:9 April
1542:News 24
1064:9 April
981:9 April
554:malaria
517:October
432:Marxist
293:enclose
237:atheist
235:and an
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830:(1923)
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818:(1919)
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659:Moscow
581:, and
563:(1919)
423:police
243:, and
163:(1919)
99:Moscow
1611:(PDF)
1457:(PDF)
1242:(PDF)
933:S2CID
810:Works
583:Sotho
326:Plato
285:Wales
202:Welsh
80:Yalta
1926:2021
1896:2021
1866:2021
1836:2021
1810:2021
1784:2021
1748:ISBN
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1550:2021
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1066:2021
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798:and
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515:and
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324:and
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1058:BBC
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