239:, is dry, but his use of the crusade for an attack on Lisbon suggests that concept was still flexible and could be detached from the pilgrimage to Jerusalem at that point in time. In his effort to soothe the crusaders' consciences, he urged them to "act like good soldiers" and affirmed that "in is not in waging war but in waging war for the sake of plunder" and "hen a war had been entered upon by God's will it is not permitted to doubt that it has been rightly undertaken". The bishop ultimately offered to pay the crusaders for their assistance, and did so with plunder from the successful siege.
22:
242:
Hervey's speech appeals to family pride, the desire for glory, "the counsels of honour" and the unity to which the crusaders had sworn at the onset of the expedition. The priest, after reminding the soldiers that the
Muslims had desecrated a cross "with the filth of their posteriors", held up a relic
226:
plundered by the
Muslims in 1140, when they took off with some liturgical vestments and killed and enslaved members of his clergy. To incite them to his aid, Pedro called the crusaders "God's people", who were on "a blessed pilgrimage", and told them that "he praiseworthy thing is not to have been to
128:
The unique manuscript was believed by Stubbs and Pauli to be the original autograph. David suggests however that it was not the original, which was probably written hastily during the crusade, but rather a later autograph edited by the author later, perhaps in his old age.
251:. . . if it should happen that anyone signed with this cross should die, we do not believe that life has been taken from him, for we have no doubt that he is changed into something better". He ended with a line he probably got from a letter written by
255:
to the
English crusaders in 1146: "Here, therefore, to live is glory and to die is gain". After the priest's sermon many of those present re-took the cross, and presumably some who had not yet done so were inaugurated into the ranks of the
222:, Hervey de Glanvill and an anonymous "certain priest", possibly Raol himself. They are not "verbatim reports more or less formal reconstructions". The bishop, who persuaded the crusaders to turn aside and attack Lisbon, had seen his own
58:, and covers the expedition from the departure of the English contingent on 23 May 1147 until the fall of Lisbon on 28 June 1148. It was written in
227:
Jerusalem but to have lived a good life while on the way". His pleading lacks confidence, suggesting ethical uncertainty, and his sermon, based on
133:
497:
78:. It is an important source for the organisation of the crusade, especially among the middle ranks of society. An English translation by
502:
97:, gave it its modern title, which was picked up by Charles Wendell David, who preferred it for its similarity to the titles used by the
137:
171:
on the grounds that he showed a marked preference for narrating their deeds. Pauli argued the same on the grounds that he used
164:("Osbern's History of the Expedition, etc."). This purely conjectural name has been oft repeated and has become traditional.
350:
160:
he has been known as "Osbern" and the manuscript's table of contents, written in a
Renaissance hand, lists the work as
465:
West, Charles. "All in the Same Boat? East Anglia, the North Sea World and the 1147 Expedition to Lisbon", in
37:
and the "Welsh cat". This is the mobile covered shelter between the tower and the city walls, used to protect
214:
contains three speeches about crusading, from the mouths of three (probably deliberately) different men:
152:
names himself in his opening lines, although in an obscure abbreviated form that has perplexed scholars:
114:
79:
26:
252:
21:
431:
sacerdos quidam sacrosanctam ligni
Dominici tenens in manibus particulam, sermonem huiusmodi habuit
321:
248:
433:("a certain priest holding the Lord's holy wood in his own hands made a sermon in that manner").
374:
232:
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71:
67:
63:
110:
236:
223:
219:
106:
51:
215:
340:(New York: University of Columbia Press), 2nd ed. with a foreword by Jonathan Phillips.
260:(cross-signed). The influence of Bernard on both the bishop and the priest is evident.
157:
102:
98:
94:
59:
55:
491:
290:
168:
483:
293:
and not "Osbern", see Harold
Livermore, "The 'Conquest of Lisbon' and Its Author",
200:
196:
75:
34:
244:
180:
172:
167:
Ulrich Cosack, in his doctoral dissertation, argued that "Osbern" was an
192:
188:
118:
105:
for his German edition of some excerpts, and in the bibliographies of
38:
469:, ed. David Bates and Robert Liddiard (Woodbridge: 2013): 287-300.
420:(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 178–79.
191:
appear frequently in his account, such as the seven youths of
187:. He probably hailed from the east of England, for the men of
93:
is untitled in its sole manuscript. Its first
English editor,
50:('On the Conquest of Lisbon') is an eyewitness account of the
125:("English Crusaders' Letter on the Conquest of Lisbon").
247:
and reduced the host to tears before assuring them that "
123:
Cruce
Signati anglici Epistola de expugnatione Ulisiponis
467:
East Anglia and its North Sea World in the Middle Ages
446:
Phillips, Jonathan. "Ideas of
Crusade and Holy War in
249:
in this sign, if you do not hesitate, you will conquer
328:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 32–35.
338:The Conquest of Lisbon: De Expugnatione Lyxbonensi
278:Religion and the Conduct of War, c. 300–c. 1215
412:
410:
408:
406:
289:For the author's identity, that he was not an
8:
456:Holy Land, Holy Lands, and Christian History
82:appeared in 1936 and was reprinted in 2001.
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315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
305:
303:
117:, in recognition of the text's form as an
364:
362:
360:
16:Eyewitness account of the Siege of Lisbon
474:Wilson, Jonathan (2016): "Enigma of the
418:Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain
398:Die Eroberung von Lissabon im Jahre 1147
156:. Since at least the time of Archbishop
20:
269:
482:, DOI: 10.1080/17546559.2016.1166257
7:
368:C. W. David, "The Authorship of the
162:Historia Osberni de Expeditione etc.
480:Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies
326:England and the Crusades, 1095–1588
14:
199:using the protection of a mobile
138:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
132:The manuscript is located in the
462:, 36 (Woodbridge: 2000): 123–41.
140:, Manuscript 470, fol. 125-146.
429:David, "Authorship", 51 n. 3:
280:(Boydell Press, 2003), 130–34.
41:trying to undermine the walls.
1:
387:David, "Authorship", 50 n. 3.
351:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
498:12th-century books in Latin
70:and probably a chaplain of
519:
503:Military history of Lisbon
476:De Expugnatione Lyxbonensi
448:De expugnatione Lyxbonensi
370:De Expugnatione Lyxbonensi
354:, Scriptores, xxvii, 5–10.
179:("men"), but he also used
47:De expugnatione Lyxbonensi
460:Studies in Church History
458:, ed. Robert N. Swanson,
154:Osb. de Baldr. R. salutem
25:The siege as imagined by
276:David Stewart Bachrach,
224:cathedral of Santa Maria
203:called the "Welsh cat".
416:Joseph F. O'Callaghan,
452:The Conquest of Lisbon
42:
115:Charles Purton Cooper
80:Charles Wendell David
27:Alfredo Roque Gameiro
24:
378:, 7:1 (1932), 50–51.
253:Bernard de Clairvaux
54:at the start of the
29:(1917) based on the
322:Christopher Tyerman
295:Portuguese Studies
148:The author of the
72:Hervey de Glanvill
43:
297:, 6 (1990), 1–16.
195:who defended the
74:in the army from
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121:, designates it
111:Auguste Molinier
62:by one Raol, an
33:and showing the
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441:Further reading
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396:Ulrich Cosack,
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348:
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336:
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320:
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237:Ivo of Chartres
220:Bishop of Porto
212:De expugnatione
209:
150:De expugnatione
146:
107:August Potthast
91:De expugnatione
88:
52:Siege of Lisbon
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12:
11:
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400:(Halle: 1875).
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208:
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158:Matthew Parker
145:
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134:Parker Library
103:Reinhold Pauli
99:Lisbon Academy
95:William Stubbs
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84:
56:Second Crusade
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430:
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417:
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349:
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294:
291:Anglo-Norman
285:
277:
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258:crucesignati
257:
241:
216:Pedro Pitões
211:
210:
201:siege engine
184:
176:
169:Anglo-Norman
166:
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153:
149:
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131:
127:
122:
90:
89:
46:
45:
44:
31:Expugnatione
30:
18:
197:siege tower
76:East Anglia
35:siege tower
492:Categories
245:True Cross
181:anglicisms
173:gallicisms
144:Authorship
86:Manuscript
229:Augustine
177:garciones
375:Speculum
207:Speeches
243:of the
233:Isidore
193:Ipswich
189:Suffolk
183:, like
175:, like
119:epistle
68:Fleming
39:sappers
264:Notes
185:worma
101:, by
64:Anglo
60:Latin
454:)",
235:and
109:and
478:",
372:",
136:of
494::
405:^
359:^
324:,
302:^
231:,
218:,
113:.
450:(
66:-
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