483:(as well as surrounding alveolar bone by osteoclasts) and become absorbed by the forming permanent teeth. The process of shedding primary teeth and their replacement by permanent teeth is called tooth exfoliation; normally without pain or bleeding. This may last from six to twelve years of age. By age thirteen, there usually are only permanent teeth remaining. However, it is not extremely rare for one or more primary teeth to be retained beyond this age, sometimes well into adulthood, often because its secondary tooth failed to develop.
605:. Studies have shown that more dental practitioners prefer conventional fillings as opposed to PMC’s. However, studies have shown that the risk of both major and minor failures along with pain in the long term was comparatively lower using PMCs as opposed to conventional restorations. Patients who had crowns fitted using the Hall technique also experienced noticeably less discomfort at the time of the appointment, relative to fillings.
882:, when a child loses a tooth, the usual custom is that they should throw it onto the roof if it came from the lower jaw, or into the space beneath the floor if it came from the upper jaw. While doing this, the child shouts a request for the tooth to be replaced with the tooth of a mouse. This tradition is based on the fact that the teeth of mice grow for their entire lives, a characteristic of all rodents.
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563:(IPC) is a treatment that leaves the deepest carious tooth material (dentin) next to the pulp undisrupted to avoid exposing the pulp. The caries-affected dentin is covered with a biocompatible medicament to form a seal over the tooth. Medicaments used in IPC include calcium hydroxide and alternates including bonding agents and liners.
61:
601:. This can be made from a variety of different materials and attached using a range of methods. A common one used amongst children with caries is a preformed metal crown (PMC). This type of crown is pressed over a decayed tooth without any preparation, local anaesthetic or caries removal, also termed the
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Although shedding of a milk tooth is predominantly associated with positive emotions such as pride and joy by the majority of the children, socio-cultural factors (such as parental education, religion or country of origin) affect the various emotions children experience during the loss of their first
588:
or necrosis). The radicular pulp is removed, the pulp canals are filled with a medicament, and a filling is put on the tooth. Medicaments used in pulpectomy include resorbable materials so that they will undergo resorption (dissolution) along with the primary tooth root to allow for proper tooth loss
566:
Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a treatment performed when a pin-point or small pulp exposure of 1mm or less occurs after removal of carious tooth material (dentin) excavation. The pulp is covered with a medicament. This technique has limited use when pulp is exposed due to injury but is generally not
635:
It is unclear which pulp therapy (i.e. IPC, DPC, pulpotomy, pulpectomy) is the most effective, as there are no studies directly comparing these treatment options. The success rates are similar amongst the various therapies. The choice of therapy should be made based on the removal of caries-affected
619:
After pulpotomy, MTA is the most effective medicament and formocresol is also effective. Both are more effective than calcium hydroxide, which is more likely to fail. While there are concerns about the toxicity of formocresol, currently there are no reports of toxicity related to formocresol use for
526:
Tooth decay in primary teeth tends to progress quite quickly and often reaches the pulp of the tooth. In cases of extensive tooth decay, the pulp must be treated to maintain the health of the tooth and its supporting tissues. In pulp therapy, areas of decay and infected pulp tissue are removed, then
491:
Primary teeth are essential in the development of the mouth. The primary teeth maintain the arch length within the jaw, the bone and the permanent teeth replacements develop from the same tooth germs as the primary teeth. The primary teeth provide guidance for the eruption pathway of the permanent
500:
and the formation of the jaw bones depend on the primary teeth to maintain proper spacing for permanent teeth. The roots of primary teeth provide a pathway for the permanent teeth to erupt. The primary teeth are important for the development of the child's speech, for the child's smile and play a
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is a treatment performed on a primary tooth with extensive decay without involving pulp in the root canal (radicular pulp) (Cochrane). The entire coronal pulp is removed and the radicular pulp bleeding is stopped. The remaining radicular pulp is treated with a medicament. Pulpotomy is the most
517:
Dental caries, also known as tooth decay and cavities, is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children worldwide. This oral condition involves bacterial infection which demineralizes and destroys tooth tissues. In primary dentition, extensive tooth decay is the most common dental
249:. This process starts at the midline and then spreads back into the posterior region. By the time the embryo is eight weeks old, there are ten buds on the upper and lower arches that will eventually become the primary (deciduous) dentition. These teeth will continue to form until they
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comes a tradition similar to the fairy mouse: a white fairy rat who purchases the teeth with coins. In
Afrikaans speaking families in South Africa, children leave their teeth in a shoe so that the Tandemuis (Tooth Mouse) can replace the teeth with money.
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In almost all
European languages the primary teeth are called "baby teeth" or "milk teeth". In the United States and Canada, the term "baby teeth" is common. In some Asian countries they are referred to as "fall teeth" since they will eventually fall out.
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rewards children when their baby teeth fall out. Children typically place a tooth under their pillow at night or on a bedside table. The fairy is said to take the tooth and replace it with money or small gifts while they sleep. In some parts of
889:, a different variation calls for lost upper teeth to be thrown straight down to the ground and lower teeth straight up into the air or onto the roof of a house; the idea is that incoming teeth will grow in straight. Some parts of
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follow a similar tradition by throwing the teeth from the lower jaw onto the roof and burying the teeth from the upper jaw underground, as a symbol of urging the permanent teeth to grow faster towards the right direction.
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accepted for managing carious pulp exposures in primary teeth, as it has been shown to have limited success. Medicaments used in DPC include calcium hydroxide and alternates such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
288:; there is one in each quadrant, making a total of four of each tooth. All of these are gradually replaced by similarly named permanent counterparts except for the primary first and second molars; they are replaced by
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vital pulp therapies in children. An undesirable effect of treatment with MTA is the grey discoloration of treated teeth, but this effect is purely esthetic and does not affect the success of pulp treatment.
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However, the populations studied were limited to fit and healthy children, and additional research into the tolerance and outcomes of this treatment needs to be done for children with special needs.
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state of India, children throw their baby teeth to the roof of their house and urge a mouse to take it, to exchange with its teeth (permanent ones). Something similar occurs in the
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where children will throw their baby teeth to the roof of a house with a thatched roof and ask a mouse to take it and replace it with a new (permanent) tooth (but not its own).
257:") typically begins around the age of six months and continues until 25–33 months of age during the primary dentition period. Usually, the first teeth seen in the mouth are the
1222:
Dhar, V.; Marghalani, A.A.; Crystal, Y.O.; Kumar, A; Ritwik, P; Tulunoglu, O; Graham, L (2017). "Use of Vital Pulp
Therapies in Primary Teeth with Deep Caries Lesions".
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The tradition of throwing a baby tooth up into the sky to the sun playfully asking for a better tooth to replace it is common in Middle
Eastern countries (including
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after pulpectomy in primary teeth, but more evidence is needed to confirm the superiority. ZOE is effective, inexpensive, and reasonably safe for use in children.
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in a similar custom expect a visiting relative or guest to make a gift or donation to an infant upon the visitor's sighting of the infant's deciduous teeth.
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Other traditions are associated with mice or other rodents because of their sharp, everlasting teeth. The character Ratón Pérez appears in the tale of
862:, children traditionally throw their fallen baby teeth onto the roof of their house while making a wish. Similarly, in some Asian countries, such as
775:, the children put the tooth in a glass of water. In medieval Scandinavia there was a similar tradition, surviving to the present day in Iceland, of
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in the mouth. In the primary dentition, there are a total of twenty teeth: five per quadrant and ten per arch. The eruption of these teeth ("
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For pulpectomy, it is unclear whether any one medicament is superior. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) may be the best choice for filling in the
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is a treatment performed on a primary tooth with extensive decay and involving pulp in the root canal (radicular pulp with irreversible
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frequently used vital pulp therapy technique for deep dental caries in primary teeth. Medicaments used in pulpotomy include commonly
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of upper and lower jaws with permanent teeth located above and below the deciduous teeth prior to their exfoliation. The deciduous
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Innes, Nicola PT; Ricketts, David; Chong, Lee Yee; Keightley, Alexander J; Lamont, Thomas; Santamaria, Ruth M (2015-12-31).
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Medicaments are medications placed over the pulp to maintain survival and promote repair. Treatment options include:
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This article is primarily about deciduous teeth, but some or much of the information is also applicable to other
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Robinson, S.; Chan, M. F. W.-Y. (2009). "New teeth from old: treatment options for retained primary teeth".
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Illustrated Dental
Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 255
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Various cultures have customs relating to the loss of deciduous teeth. In
English-speaking countries, the
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dentin, whether there is a pulp exposure, adverse effects, clinical expertise, and patient preference.
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disease. An extensive carious lesion affects at least half of a tooth and possibly involves the pulp.
1503:"Cultural diversity of traditions for the disposal of exfoliated teeth: Implications for researchers"
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and partly for fear of what might happen if an animal got them. A rhyme might be said as a blessing:
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Smaïl-Faugeron, V.; Glenny, A.M.; Courson, F; Durieux, P; Muller-Bolla, M; Fron
Chabouis, H (2018).
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Bottom teeth of a seven-year-old, showing primary teeth (left), a lost primary tooth and visible
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see the toothless gum because if a lizard does see it, no tooth will grow in its place.
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After direct pulp capping, it is unclear whether any one medicament is superior.
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Al
Hamdani, Muwaffak; Wenzel, Marian (1966). "The Worm in the Tooth".
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culture has it that a child with a fallen tooth should not let a
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or dental injuries) can still eat and chew to a certain extent.
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The
Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland
37:"Milk teeth" redirects here. For the musical ensemble, see
241:
Primary teeth start to form during the embryonic phase of
1389:. University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences.
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Several traditions concern throwing the shed teeth. In
1164:"Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth"
303:(middle), and a fully erupted permanent tooth (right)
842:, 'The Little Mouse'. From parts of lowland
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Decayed primary teeth can be restored with a fitted
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1423:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Barcelona: La Galera.
1400:¡Producto Registrado!: Agosto 1998: Centuria Dental
808:in marketing toothpaste in Venezuela and Spain. In
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1251:"Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth"
188:in the growth and development of humans and other
30:"Baby teeth" redirects here. For other uses, see
1543:"7 Tooth Fairy Traditions from Around the World"
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1051:The Journal of the American Dental Association
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1312:International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
1133:. American Dental Association. Archived from
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1419:Canyelles, Anna; Calafell, Roser (2012).
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734:Learn how and when to remove this message
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224:. They are usually lost and replaced by
1168:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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828:, patron saint of tooth complaints. In
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1387:"An Icelandic-English Dictionary"
268:The primary teeth are made up of
27:First set of teeth in diphyodonts
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804:. A Ratoncito Pérez was used by
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1356:An Icelandic-English Dictionary
1063:10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0095
1057:(11): 1619. November 23, 2005.
659:needs additional citations for
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72:have already been exfoliated.
963:Pray God send me a new tooth
941:Izz bin Hibat Allah Al Hadid
836:, this character is called
392:Exfoliation ages, by tooth
259:mandibular central incisors
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32:Baby teeth (disambiguation)
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308:Teething ages, by tooth
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1358:. With a supplement by
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996:Human tooth development
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149:Anatomical terminology
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1352:Vigfússon, Gudbrand
1224:Pediatric Dentistry
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632:
629:
613:
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603:Hall technique
594:
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557:
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488:
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471:
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467:
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463:Second molars
460:
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379:Second molars
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94:dentes decidui
91:
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56:
55:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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2:
2074:
2063:
2062:Tooth fairies
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2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2020:
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1538:
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1526:
1521:
1516:
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1508:
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1500:
1496:
1495:Lehmann, Lisa
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1430:9788424637941
1426:
1422:
1415:
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1401:
1396:
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1199:
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1148:
1144:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:(7): 315–20.
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1040:
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984:
973:
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953:
949:
944:
943:mentions it.
942:
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926:
921:
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727:
724:February 2023
716:
713:
709:
706:
702:
699:
695:
692:
688:
685: –
684:
680:
679:Find sources:
673:
669:
663:
662:
657:This section
655:
651:
646:
645:
639:
637:
630:
628:
626:
621:
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611:
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604:
600:
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583:
579:
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568:
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552:
550:
547:
544:
540:
537:
533:
532:
531:
528:
521:
519:
512:
510:
508:
507:dental caries
504:
499:
495:
486:
484:
482:
478:
468:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
444:
441:
439:
435:
434:
430:
427:
425:
421:
420:
416:
413:
411:
407:
406:
402:
399:
396:
395:
385:23–31 months
384:
382:25–33 months
381:
378:
377:
374:17–23 months
373:
371:16–22 months
370:
368:
365:
364:
361:14–18 months
360:
358:13–19 months
357:
355:
351:
350:
347:10–16 months
346:
343:
341:
337:
336:
332:
329:
327:
323:
322:
318:
315:
312:
311:
302:
297:
293:
291:
287:
286:second molars
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:dental lamina
244:
236:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:polyphyodonts
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:primary teeth
167:
156:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
116:
114:
110:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
81:
76:
71:
67:
66:Cross-section
62:
57:
52:
47:
40:
33:
19:
1900:Second molar
1813:Second molar
1734:
1678:Nomenclature
1621:
1615:
1601:(1): 60–64.
1598:
1594:
1588:
1574:cite journal
1565:
1561:
1551:
1537:
1510:
1506:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1456:
1447:
1420:
1414:
1395:
1381:
1376:
1355:
1342:
1318:(1): 22–28.
1315:
1311:
1301:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1227:
1223:
1171:
1167:
1135:the original
1122:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1054:
1050:
1029:
962:
958:
957:
945:
922:
907:
896:
884:
849:
799:
753:
749:
745:
730:
721:
711:
704:
697:
690:
678:
666:Please help
661:verification
658:
634:
622:
618:
615:
607:
596:
580:
569:
565:
561:pulp capping
558:
543:pulp capping
536:pulp capping
529:
525:
516:
490:
481:odontoclasts
474:
469:10–12 years
466:10–12 years
455:10–12 years
451:Canine teeth
367:Canine teeth
344:9–13 months
333:6–10 months
330:8–12 months
267:
240:
204:, which are
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:
118:A05.1.03.076
93:
1905:Third molar
1895:First molar
1818:Third molar
1808:First molar
1463:12 February
1006:Tooth fairy
876:Philippines
756:tooth fairy
625:root canals
576:formocresol
458:9–12 years
445:9–11 years
442:9–11 years
232:Development
212:during the
190:diphyodonts
83:Identifiers
46:diphyodonts
2051:Categories
1966:Root canal
1832:Mandibular
1499:Dunn, Erin
1022:References
694:newspapers
582:Pulpectomy
554:Pulpectomy
431:7–8 years
428:7–8 years
417:6–7 years
414:6–7 years
243:human life
178:milk teeth
174:baby teeth
1745:Maxillary
1735:Deciduous
1708:Permanent
1439:920276571
1275:1469-493X
1114:205664010
1016:Dentition
899:Sri Lanka
824:), or by
765:Australia
571:Pulpotomy
559:Indirect
549:Pulpotomy
534:Indirect
290:premolars
237:Formation
214:embryonic
198:kangaroos
194:elephants
1867:Premolar
1780:Premolar
1723:premolar
1595:Folklore
1529:38217075
1501:(2024).
1403:Archived
1354:(1957).
1334:30218480
1293:26718872
1236:29070150
1198:29852056
1106:19816477
1071:16329427
1011:Teething
969:See also
844:Scotland
586:pulpitis
501:role in
487:Function
424:incisors
422:Lateral
410:incisors
408:Central
340:incisors
338:Lateral
326:incisors
324:Central
280:, first
255:teething
202:manatees
2019:Mamelon
1841:Incisor
1754:Incisor
1713:incisor
1284:7387869
1189:6494507
880:Vietnam
832:and in
806:Colgate
783:Nigeria
708:scholar
541:Direct
503:chewing
496:of the
494:muscles
278:canines
222:infancy
210:develop
106:D014094
78:Details
2001:Dentin
1991:Enamel
1858:Canine
1771:Canine
1718:canine
1628:
1527:
1437:
1427:
1382:tannfé
1368:318302
1366:
1332:
1291:
1281:
1273:
1234:
1196:
1186:
1112:
1104:
1069:
929:Jordan
878:, and
874:, the
860:Greece
858:, and
856:Cyprus
852:Turkey
830:France
821:topino
815:Fatina
795:lizard
785:, the
778:tannfé
773:Norway
769:Sweden
710:
703:
696:
689:
681:
438:molars
436:First
403:Lower
400:Upper
397:Tooth
354:molars
352:First
319:Lower
316:Upper
313:Tooth
301:socket
284:, and
282:molars
1928:Crown
1919:Parts
1888:Molar
1834:teeth
1801:Molar
1747:teeth
1728:molar
1700:Teeth
1380:s.v.
1138:(PDF)
1131:(PDF)
1110:S2CID
937:Sudan
933:Egypt
914:Assam
910:India
891:China
887:Japan
872:Nepal
868:Korea
864:India
810:Italy
791:Hausa
760:fairy
715:JSTOR
701:books
599:crown
545:(DPC)
538:(IPC)
251:erupt
218:erupt
200:, or
186:teeth
180:, or
153:[
142:75151
89:Latin
1961:Pulp
1936:Cusp
1626:ISBN
1580:link
1568:(8).
1525:PMID
1465:2021
1435:OCLC
1425:ISBN
1364:OCLC
1330:PMID
1289:PMID
1271:ISSN
1259:2015
1232:PMID
1194:PMID
1172:2018
1102:PMID
1067:PMID
935:and
925:Iraq
897:The
787:Igbo
771:and
687:news
113:TA98
101:MeSH
1603:doi
1515:doi
1320:doi
1279:PMC
1263:doi
1184:PMC
1176:doi
1094:doi
1090:207
1059:doi
1055:136
946:In
885:In
670:by
498:jaw
168:or
137:FMA
130:912
125:TA2
2053::
1599:77
1597:.
1576:}}
1572:{{
1564:.
1560:.
1523:.
1511:52
1509:.
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1497:;
1493:;
1489:;
1485:;
1481:;
1455:.
1433:.
1350:;
1328:.
1316:29
1314:.
1310:.
1287:.
1277:.
1269:.
1257:.
1253:.
1228:39
1226:.
1206:^
1192:.
1182:.
1170:.
1166:.
1146:^
1108:.
1100:.
1088:.
1065:.
1053:.
1049:.
1038:^
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927:,
870:,
866:,
854:,
767:,
292:.
276:,
272:,
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196:,
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1656:t
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1336:.
1322::
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1265::
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1200:.
1178::
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1096::
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1061::
737:)
731:(
726:)
722:(
712:·
705:·
698:·
691:·
664:.
157:]
41:.
34:.
20:)
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