Knowledge (XXG)

On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia

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declared that the Latvian SSR will act as a sovereign state and that laws adopted by the Soviet Union will come in force in the territory of Latvian SSR only if the Supreme Soviet has ratified them and "In question of independence of Latvia" of 15 February 1990, in which the Supreme Soviet condemns declaration "On accession of Latvia to Soviet Union" of 21 July 1940, however none of these explicitly called for secession from the Soviet Union. Secondly it notes Appeal of All-Latvian congress of people deputies of 21 April 1990, which called for restoration of independence. Then it is stated that the Supreme Soviet is acting in accordance with the will of inhabitants of Latvia, which had been clearly expressed by electing as a majority those deputies, who had stated that they will restore independence of the Republic of Latvia in their reelection programme.
797:) was the only party allowed to contest the election out of 17 parties which submitted lists. According to the declaration, the Working People's Bloc gave no indication prior to the election that it intended to make Latvia part of the Soviet Union, and the election results were heavily falsified. The declaration observes that the People's Saeima was formed by misleading the people and therefore did not express the sovereign will of the Latvian people. It also notes that the People's Saeima had no right to liquidate Latvia's sovereignty on its own authority, since the Constitution required that any major change in the form of the state and its political system must be submitted to a national referendum. Therefore, the Declaration argued that the annexation of Latvia to the Soviet Union was not valid under 1047:
declaration had been adopted by a vote of two thirds of members of the Supreme Soviet which was required for constitutional amendments. Furthermore, the Supreme Council referred to the result of elections of Supreme Soviet as a clear indicator of public opinion that supporters of independence had won the election. The Supreme Council stated that by 28 May 1990, it had received letters and telegrams from 646,726 residents of the Republic supporting the declaration and only 8,993 people had expressed opposition. Given these provisions, the Supreme Council stated that the Declaration was legitimate and in force.
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Constitution of Latvian SSR, which provided that Soviet republics can freely secede from the Soviet Union. It was stated that the call for a referendum on secession from the Soviet Union to take place has neither a legal or a political basis, because Latvia had been annexed by the Soviet Union without holding a referendum, which was required by the Constitution of Latvia. Therefore, the Supreme Council argued, Latvia was not seceding from the Soviet Union, but reasserting an independence that still existed under international law.
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of 22 deputies, which had to elaborate a new edition of the Constitution before 1 January 1990, though a new edition was never drafted and the Constitution was restored unamended. The Constitutional Court, which was intended to resolve Constitutional disputes during the transitional period, was only founded in 1996. To comply with international human rights as indicated in Article 8, the Supreme Council adopted a declaration of human rights immediately after the Declaration of independence.
1812: 2246: 174: 40: 919:; it was the first election in Soviet Latvia in which multiple parties were allowed to participate. 201 deputies were elected. The declaration was adopted on 4 May 1990, in an open vote, a majority of two thirds ā€” 132 votes ā€” was required, 138 deputies voted for adoption of the declaration, 1 abstained, while others did not participate in the vote and therefore there were no votes against the declaration. 933: 524: 760:. The Declaration states that the Soviet ultimatum and ensuing invasion amounted to an "international crime," and contended that the government formed in accordance with Soviet demands should not be recognized as a representative of Latvian state power, since it represented Soviet, not Latvian, interests. 895:
6. During the transitional period the Constitution of the Latvian SSR and other laws of the Latvian SSR in force at the time when the declaration was made may be applicable as long as they do not contradict articles 1, 2, 3 and 6 of the Constitution of Latvia. Disputes over the applicability of laws
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is a sovereign country the Declaration makes note of previously adopted documents and explains that the Supreme Soviet is acting according to the will of inhabitants of Latvia. First it notes two previous declarations of the Supreme Soviet ā€” "On sovereignty of state of Latvia" of 28 July 1989, which
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independence. However, some elements defining the transitional period remained in force until the first session of the 5th Saeima on 6 July 1993 ā€“ The Supreme Council remained the highest power of the state and the constitution was suspended. On 31 July 1990, the Supreme Council formed a work group
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The Supreme Council answered that the Constitution of the Soviet Union did not grant the president the right to annul acts adopted by Supreme Soviets of Soviet republics. Furthermore, the Supreme Council announced that the Supreme Soviet, as the legal successor of the People's Saeima, had the right
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It also noted that the law of the Soviet Union regarding secession from the Soviet Union to which the decree also referred was not in force in the territory of the Latvian SSR as the Supreme Soviet had not ratified it and that the law contradicted the Constitution of the Soviet Union and the
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taken place as it had been discussed in the press and several public opinion polls had taken place showing that a majority of the public supported independence. Similarly in the All-Latvian congress of people deputies of 21 April 1990, 8003 had voted for restoration of independence and the
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subject of international law, and noted that more than 50 countries still recognized Latvia as an independent state. The Supreme Council thus took the line that Latvia did not need to follow the secession process outlined in the Soviet Constitution, since the Declaration was reasserting an
904:, to grant social, economic and cultural rights, as well as political freedoms, to the citizens of Latvia and other countries, who reside in the territory of Latvia. This shall fully apply to those citizens of the Soviet Union who chose to reside in Latvia without its citizenship. 833:
1. To recognize the priority of international laws over national laws. To hold to be illegitimate the treaty between the USSR and Germany of 23 August 1939, and the consequent liquidation of independence of Latvia resulting from Soviet military aggression on 17 June
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9. To build Latvian-Soviet relationships upon the Latvian-Soviet peace treaty of 11 August 1920, in which the Soviet Union recognizes eternal independence for Latvia and which is still in force. To constitute a committee for negotiations with USSR.
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to take countermeasures, therefore the party should launch a propaganda campaign against the declaration and ask the President of the Soviet Union to annul the declaration of the Supreme Soviet. On 14 May 1990, the President of the Soviet Union
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resolved that it was unconstitutional, contained notable contradictions and historical inaccuracies, and noted that such issues should be decided by referendum. The Communist Party deemed that the declaration might trigger the
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It was provided that a committee to elaborate a new edition of Satversme should be created. Social, economic, cultural, and political rights were granted to citizens and residents of Latvia in accordance with international
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4. To suspend the Constitution of Latvia until a new edition is adopted, except for the articles, which in accordance with Article 77 of the Constitution can only be amended if submitted to a national referendum:
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It was noted that the Constitution of the Latvian SSR did not call for a referendum as it had been stated in the decree, but recommended two alternatives ā€“ either a referendum or a public debate which had
2226: 789:. The declaration states that the election of the People's Saeima took place on the basis of unconstitutional and illegally adopted election law in a state of political terror. It noted that the " 776: 632: 1059:, the Supreme Council adopted a Constitutional law, "On the statehood of the Republic of Latvia", repealing Article 5 of the Declaration, thus ending the transitional period and restoring 140: 2219: 693:
a sovereign country. It observes that Latvia's declaration of independence on 18 November 1918 was internationally recognized in 1920, and that Latvia was admitted to membership in the
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5. To set a period of transition to de facto independence until the first session of the new Saeima. During the transitional period the highest power of the state shall be the
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7. To constitute a committee, which will elaborate a new edition of the Constitution of Latvia, suitable to the current political, economic and social state of Latvia.
2388: 673: 1603: 1445:"Decree of the President of the Soviet Union on the declaration of Supreme Soviet of Latvian SSR On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia" 702: 2428: 2349: 552: 1475:"Answer of Presidium of Supreme Council of Republic of Latvia to the President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev regarding his decree of 14 May 1990" 1552: 1500: 1470: 1444: 1384: 1207: 890: 645: 2291: 1414: 2472: 2393: 2321: 1505:"Answer of Announcement of Supreme Council of Republic of Latvia regarding decree of President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev of 14 May 1990" 1663: 748:. Latvia was apportioned to the Soviet sphere and on 5 October 1939, signed a mutual assistance pact. On 16 June 1940, the Soviet Union issued an 1504: 1474: 2326: 2286: 1764: 476: 2482: 2445: 1104: 689:
The Declaration begins by reiterating several historical facts. On the basis of these facts, it argued that the Republic of Latvia was still
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shall be resolved by the Constitutional Court. During the transitional period laws shall be made or amended only by the Supreme Council.
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Article 6 shall be applied when the governmental institutions of independent Latvia have been restored, which grant free elections.
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2. To proclaim the declaration "On accession of Latvia to Soviet Union" of 21 July 1940, to be void from the moment of adoption.
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on 11 August 1920, when the Soviet-Latvian Peace treaty was signed (it is generally considered that the independence of Latvia
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The Saeima shall be elected in general, equal and direct elections, and by secret ballot based on proportional representation.
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of 1920, in which the Soviet Union had recognized the independence of Latvia as inviolable "for all future time". 4 May is a
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Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskās Republikas ā€“ Augstākās Padomes Deklarācija: Par Latvijas Republikas neatkarÄ«bas atjaunoÅ”anu
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It asserted the priority of the basics of the international law over the national laws and therefore it resolved that the
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remained a sovereign country as the annexation had been unconstitutional and against the will of the Latvian people.
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The territory of the State of Latvia, within the borders established by international agreements, consists of
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is a sovereign country and that by the will of its people it should be independent, the Supreme Soviet ruled:
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On September 6, 1991, after the failed coup attempt, the Soviet Union recognized Latvia's independence.
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Declaration On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia, adopted on 4 May 1990
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1990 Latvian Supreme Council decree providing a legal rationale for independence from the USSR
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Soviet Turmoil; Soviets Recognize Baltic Independence, Ending 51-year Occupation of 3 Nations
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leader, letter to Latvia regarding the Independence Restoration Declaration of Latvia in 1990
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chosen at that electionā€“including the request to join the Soviet Union on 21 July 1940ā€“were
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and the Constitution of the Latvian SSR and thus stood void from the moment of adoption.
713:). The declaration notes that in April 1920 the Latvian nation followed the principle of 2132: 1993: 753: 741: 309: 289: 173: 39: 2466: 2200: 1709: 1699: 1694: 1131: 528: 304: 193: 188: 2245: 2137: 901: 786: 772: 733: 665: 628: 584: 327: 246: 212: 1310: 709:
was internationally recognized on 26 January 1921, when it was recognized by the
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The sovereign power of the State of Latvia is vested in the people of Latvia.
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to Latvia accusing it of not carrying out the treaty, namely of forming a
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and change its official name to the Republic of Latvia, in short Latvia.
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Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
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on 15 February 1922, in general, equal and direct elections, based on
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which was in force at the time these decisions were made and as the
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in 1921. The first country to recognize the independence of Latvia
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were illegal and unconstitutional, and that all acts of the
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On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
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On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
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ruled that the Soviet Union was founded upon principles of
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Deklarācija par Latvijas Republikas neatkarības atjaunoŔanu
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issued a decree stating that the declaration violated the
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independence, which would end upon the first session of
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were illegal. It also asserted that the heavily rigged
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Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
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Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
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On 4 May 1990, after the declaration was adopted, the
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Video from session of Supreme council on 4 May 1990:
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Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
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Likumi ā€“ Latvijas Republikas TiesÄ«bu Akti. 740:, which included a secret protocol dividing 1792:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944ā€“1991 597:lost its independence in 1940, when it was 2234: 2220: 2212: 2047: 1981: 1871: 1825: 1664: 1650: 1642: 1531:"First sitting of 5th Saeima (transcript)" 553: 539: 147: 38: 1264:(in Latvian). Historia.lv. Archived from 973:Learn how and when to remove this message 891:Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia 806:independence that still legally existed. 1171:"Peace Treaty between Latvia and Russia" 838:3. To re-establish the authority of the 732:On 23 August 1939, the Soviet Union and 587:. The Declaration stated that, although 1334:"In question of independence of Latvia" 1121: 161: 150: 1606:by Serge Schmemann, September 7, 1991. 29: 1755:Occupation by the Soviet Union (1940) 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1105:State continuity of the Baltic states 7: 1735:The First Latvian National Awakening 1127: 1125: 1091:Estonian Restoration of Independence 955:adding citations to reliable sources 900:8. In accordance with international 409:The First Latvian National Awakening 1311:"On sovereignty of state of Latvia" 685:Historical and juridical background 616:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 579:) was adopted on 4 May 1990 by the 1243:Jaunāko laiku vēsture 20. gadsimts 754:military alliance against the USSR 25: 1553:Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR 1533:(in Latvian). Saeima. 6 July 1993 1501:Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR 1385:Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR 1208:Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR 719:Constitutional Assembly of Latvia 581:Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR 482:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 447:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic 58:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 2244: 1810: 1585:(in Latvian). 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Archived from 1359:"History of Legislature" 917:elected on 18 March 1990 457:1934 Latvian coup d'Ć©tat 1904:Government institutions 1258:"Recognition of Latvia 1093:ā€“ A similar Act in the 1079:ā€“ A similar Act in the 915:The Supreme Soviet was 781:(a Soviet-type Latvian 738:Molotovā€“Ribbentrop Pact 612:Molotovā€“Ribbentrop Pact 487:Popular Front of Latvia 472:The Holocaust in Latvia 270:Principality of Koknese 265:Principality of Jersika 1024:Constitution of Latvia 997: 885: 840:Constitution of Latvia 723:Constitution of Latvia 650:Constitution of Latvia 576: 462:1940 Soviet occupation 394:Governorate of Livonia 376:Couronian colonization 145: 2029:2008 financial crisis 988: 847: 711:Allies of World War I 300:Bishopric of Courland 295:Archbishopric of Riga 143: 123:57 present not voting 1391:(in Latvian). Saeima 1336:(in Latvian). Saeima 1313:(in Latvian). 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183:Ancient Latvia 182: 181: 178: 177: 169: 168: 159: 158: 151: 136: 135: 128: 127: 125: 124: 121: 118: 111: 103: 101: 100:Voting summary 97: 96: 91: 90:Signed by 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 65: 64:Passed by 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 44: 43: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2525: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2478:Law of Latvia 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2247: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2179: 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1008: 1003: 995: 992:, the Senate 991: 987: 977: 974: 966: 956: 952: 946: 945: 940:This section 938: 934: 929: 928: 922: 920: 918: 910: 908: 903: 892: 884: 883: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 857: 852: 846: 841: 830: 822: 820: 817: 809: 807: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 778: 774: 769: 765: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 703:Soviet Russia 700: 696: 692: 684: 679: 677: 675: 671: 667: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 642: 640: 634: 630: 625: 621: 617: 613: 608: 606: 605: 600: 596: 595: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 565: 556: 551: 549: 544: 542: 537: 536: 534: 533: 530: 520: 519: 516: 515: 511: 510: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 429: 426:Modern Latvia 423: 422: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 391: 385: 384: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 319: 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Index

Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia

Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Anatolijs Gorbunovs

a series
History of Latvia

Kunda culture
Narva culture
Corded Ware culture
Amber Road
Aesti
Baltic Finns
Livonians
Vends
Balts
Latgalians
Curonians
Selonians
Semigallians
Principality of Jersika
Principality of Koknese
Tālava
Livonian Crusade
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Livonian Order
Archbishopric of Riga

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