155:
464:
47:
957:
1036:
561:
722:
410:
475:
635:
691:
518:
913:
990:
944:
812:
591:
1049:
1003:
856:
825:
735:
548:
486:
1135:
1082:
678:
604:
444:
422:
1307:, which prohibits both the threat and the use of force in international conflicts, have made declarations of war largely obsolete in international relations, though such declarations may have relevance within the domestic law of the belligerents or of neutral nations. The UN Security Council, under powers granted in articles 24 and 25, and Chapter VII of the Charter, may authorize
1095:
900:
781:
768:
647:
869:
1176:", side-stepping a formal declaration of war. The statement was, however, regarded as a declaration of war by the Ukrainian government and reported as such by many international news sources. While the Ukrainian parliament refers to Russia as a "terrorist state" in regards to its military actions in Ukraine, it has not issued a formal declaration of war on its behalf.
1122:
133:
in international conflicts, have made declarations of war largely obsolete in international relations, though such declarations may have relevance within the domestic law of the belligerents or of neutral nations. The UN Security
Council, under powers granted in articles 24 and 25, and Chapter VII of
2007:
Developments in international law since 1945, notably the United
Nations (UN) Charter, including its prohibition on the threat or use of force in international relations, may well have made the declaration of war redundant as a formal international legal instrument (unlawful recourse to force does
330:
since 1945. Additionally, some small states have unilaterally declared war on major world powers such as the United States or Russia when faced with a hostile invasion and/or occupation. The following is a list of declarations of war (or the existence of war) by one sovereign state against another
1215:
The existence of a state of war must be notified to the neutral Powers without delay, and shall not take effect in regard to them until after the receipt of a notification, which may, however, be given by telegraph. Neutral Powers, nevertheless, cannot rely on the absence of notification if it is
1736:
Per
Article 71: "The jurisdiction of the Russian Federation includes foreign policy and international relations of the Russian Federation, international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation, issues of war and peace;" Per Article 86:a "The President of the Russian Federation shall:
1389:
The
President of Brazil has the power to declare war, in the event of foreign aggression, when authorized by the National Congress or, upon its ratification if the aggression occurs between legislative sessions, and decree full or partial national mobilization under the same conditions.
200:
showed that between 1700 and 1870 war was declared in only 10 cases, while in another 107 cases war was waged without such declaration (these figures include only wars waged in Europe and between
European states and the United States, not including colonial wars in Africa and Asia).
208:, a declaration of war entails the recognition between countries of a state of hostilities between these countries, and such declaration has acted to regulate the conduct between the military engagements between the forces of the respective countries. The primary multilateral
1311:
to maintain or enforce international peace and security. Article 51 of the United
Nations Charter also states that: "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right to individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a state."
138:
to maintain or enforce international peace and security. Article 51 of the United
Nations Charter also states that: "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right to individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a state."
1447:
may "decide, when the
National People's Congress is not in session, on the proclamation of a state of war in the event of an armed attack on the country or in fulfillment of international treaty obligations concerning common defense against aggression".
1320:
Declaring war is usually done through a process that involves prior approval before a formal announcement is made. This differs by country as some do not have a pre-approved process, and a given head of government can declare war with no pre-conditions.
291:
judged that "any sort of previous declaration therefore is an empty formality unless the enemy must be given time and opportunity to put himself in a state of defence, and it is needless to say that no one asserts such a quixotism to be obligatory."
1510:
does not vote on the declaration, but only debate on the proposal of the government. After 4 months of any military intervention, the
Parliament can authorize the extension of the war. The 4 months period is not always respected by the government.
1206:
The
Contracting Powers recognize that hostilities between themselves must not commence without previous and explicit warning, in the form either of a reasoned declaration of war or of an ultimatum with conditional declaration of war.
1225:
In an effort to force nations to resolve issues without warfare, framers of the United Nations Charter attempted to commit member nations to using warfare only under limited circumstances, particularly for defensive purposes.
286:
judged that "nations and princes endowed with some pride are not generally willing to wage war without a previous declaration, for they wish by an open attack to render victory more honourable and glorious." Writing in 1880,
1442:
The National People's Congress is vested with the power to decide "on issues concerning war and peace" while the President "in pursuance of the decisions of the National People's Congress...proclaims a state of war." The
2513:
1188:
In case of serious disagreement or conflict, before an appeal to arms, the signatory Powers agree to have recourse, as far as circumstances allow, to the good offices or mediation of one or more friendly
3104:
142:
Declarations of war have been exceedingly rare since the end of World War II. Scholars have debated the causes of the decline, with some arguing that states are trying to evade the restrictions of
1184:
In Title II, Article 2 of the first Hague Convention of 1899, the signatory states agreed that at least one other nation be used to mediate disputes between states before engaging in hostilities:
1859:
1444:
235:, demonstrated that world powers were seriously seeking a means to prevent the carnage of another world war. Nevertheless, these powers were unable to stop the outbreak of the
2440:
162:
3161:
1194:
1108:
1913:
1535:
Unless Germany is attacked by an opposing military force, a two-thirds majority vote must be held in the Bundestag if the federal republic is under the threat of war.
154:
2425:
1249:
absent) and called upon its member nations to come to the aid of South Korea. The United States and 15 other nations formed a "UN force" to pursue this action. In a
1427:
1265:
1527:
2668:
1607:
Per article 40(a) of the Basic Law The Knesset, the state will declare war "pursuant to a government decision" with the prime minister to give notice to the
2847:
2590:
2828:
1261:
1169:
224:
1013:
2539:"BREAKING: Hezbollah Secretary General Nasrallah call the Israeli attacks on Lebanon a genocide, adding that you can call it a "declaration of war""
3333:
1809:
The Swedish cabinet (regeringen) may not declare Sweden to be at war without the parliament's (riksdagen) consent unless Sweden is attacked first.
798:
1887:
312:
2473:
146:(which governs conduct in war) while others argue that war declarations have come to be perceived as markers of aggression and maximalist aims.
2770:
301:
1582:
The president of India can declare war or conclude peace, subject to the approval of parliament and advice from select government officials.
1611:"as soon as possible." Per article 3(a) of the Basic Law The Government, "the Government is comprised of the Prime Minister and Ministers."
1288:
The legality of who is competent to declare war varies between nations and forms of government. In many nations, that power is given to the
94:
The legality of who is competent to declare war varies between nations and forms of government. In many nations, that power is given to the
1837:
may declare Turkey to be at war without the parliament's consent if the parliament is adjourned or in recess and Turkey is attacked first.
46:
3231:
40:
2616:
1297:
119:
754:
3268:
2444:
2253:
2180:
2150:
1878:
1819:
1675:
130:
2459:
331:
since the end of World War II in 1945. Only declarations that occurred in the context of a direct military conflict are included.
3004:
2335:
1041:
664:
2565:
1681:
3162:"Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903 - Riksdagen"
454:
1847:
143:
53:
432:
2488:
278:
The utility of formal declarations of war has always been questioned, either as sentimental remnants of a long-gone age of
2297:
Borders, boundaries, peoples, and states : a comparative analysis of post-independence Tanzania-Uganda border regions
1435:
33:
2643:
243:
was established following that war in a renewed attempt to prevent international aggression through declarations of war.
3352:
3217:
1776:
1414:
2941:
1545:
1384:
1349:
1165:
976:
2213:
No. 14 (2). Publications of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. (I, ii, 8)
708:
322:
Declarations of war, while uncommon in the traditional sense, have mainly been limited to the conflict areas of the
3362:
3290:
1503:
1173:
3329:
Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications
1068:
368:
1753:
1197:" gives the international actions a country should perform when opening hostilities. The first two Articles say:
1022:
283:
2796:
1987:
1592:
745:
205:
577:
2269:
1961:
1551:
1355:
83:(or the public signing of a document) by an authorized party of a national government, in order to create a
1872:
1825:
1728:
1651:
1379:
1304:
197:
126:
3302:
3232:"Text of Declaration of War on Bulgaria – June 5, 1942 – Historical Resources About The Second World War"
3327:
3174:
1704:
1662:
1656:
1574:
1469:
56:
2915:
1948:
1747:
1627:
1598:
1484:
1464:
1458:
2774:
3357:
2245:
2238:
1834:
1786:
The King, with prior authorization by the Parliament, has the power to declare war and make peace.
1722:
1645:
1490:
1373:
1161:
288:
1474:
The President of Finland may declare war or peace, with permission from the Parliament of Finland
3299:
2124:
2074:
1923:
1781:
1568:
1400:
842:
2406:
1363:
Per Defence Act 1903 a declaration of war may be made by the Prime Minister of Australia alone.
621:
3177:
3264:
2961:
2822:
2301:
2249:
2176:
2146:
2116:
2066:
1918:
1770:
1499:
1308:
930:
861:
272:
216:
170:
135:
3258:
3054:
2894:
1264:
that declared some wars to be legal actions under international law, most notably Resolution
2953:
2108:
2058:
1250:
414:
409:
386:
107:
103:
3316:
3198:
2749:
2728:
2644:"Battles flare across Ukraine after Putin declares war Battles flare as Putin declares war"
2226:. 8th ed. by A. Pearce Higgins. London: Humphrey Milford: Oxford University Press. (p. 444)
3337:
1908:
1796:
1507:
1254:
1245:. The UN Security Council condemned the North Korean action by a 9–0 resolution (with the
474:
256:
88:
2942:"Le Parlement et la décision de guerre : retour sur l'article 35 de la Constitution"
2489:"Israel formally declares war against Hamas as it battles to push militants off its soil"
2487:
Gold, Hadas; Faqiri, Shirin; Regan, Helen; Yeung, Jessie; Hu, Caitlin (8 October 2023).
1994:
1928:
1842:
1621:
392:
240:
178:
72:
3321:
2996:
2843:
2707:
2387:
192:
However, the practice of declaring war was not always strictly followed. In his study
3346:
3195:
2979:
2697:, Oxford University Press (1918) p. 43 "Pacific Settlement of International Disputes"
2526:
Hezbollah Chief Nasrallah: Israel Crossed All Red Lines, This Is a Declaration of War
2352:
2128:
2078:
1867:
1712:
Defensive war shall be declared by an Emiri decree and aggressive war is prohibited.
1698:
1289:
886:
696:
174:
95:
50:
2868:
1216:
clearly established that they were in fact aware of the existence of a state of war.
3203:
3182:
3082:
2833:
The United Nations Security Council – Its Role in the Iraq Crisis: A Brief Overview
2538:
1902:
1742:
1246:
323:
236:
186:
158:
60:
2270:"In Bed With Phillip - 20 Years of Late Night Live - War and its Legacy - Amos Oz"
2062:
2295:
2112:
3147:
3133:
3068:
3026:
2369:
2046:
1670:
1238:
1234:
918:
503:
380:
374:
327:
220:
2096:
2320:
1242:
995:
534:
522:
517:
252:
80:
2965:
2120:
2070:
2305:
1521:
1344:
1257:
characterized these hostilities as not being a "war" but a "police action".
1230:
1127:
962:
115:
111:
17:
2024:
1296:. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the
181:
formalized the declaration of war by a special ceremony, the ritual of the
118:. The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the
2957:
102:. In other cases, something short of a full declaration of war, such as a
2750:"Laws of War : Opening of Hostilities (Hague III); October 18, 1907"
2729:"Laws of War : Opening of Hostilities (Hague III); October 18, 1907"
2708:"Laws of War : Opening of Hostilities (Hague III); October 18, 1907"
2356:
1280:. UN Resolutions authorise the use of "force" or "all necessary means".
1269:
949:
817:
727:
596:
560:
279:
1635:
The Emir declares defensive war by decree. Offensive war is prohibited.
1804:
1608:
1540:
1516:
1453:
1293:
1054:
1008:
830:
740:
553:
491:
264:
263:, for launching a surprise attack without a declaration of war against
182:
169:
The practice of declaring war has a long history. The ancient Sumerian
99:
2803:
2895:"Suomen perustuslaki 731/1999 - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö - FINLEX ®"
1814:
1791:
1717:
1665:
after the correspondent law is enacted by the Congress of the Union.
1640:
1616:
1587:
1479:
1395:
1368:
1277:
1140:
1087:
874:
683:
609:
449:
427:
282:
or as imprudent warnings to the enemy. For example, writing in 1737,
268:
260:
232:
209:
1947:
While declaring war does not require the direct approval from the
1765:
1693:
1563:
1422:
1099:
905:
786:
468:
463:
228:
153:
45:
1597:
The Knesset:Article 40(a) and The Government:Article 3(a) of the
2566:"Putin's Ukraine invasion - do declarations of war still exist?"
2023:
1273:
773:
652:
639:
634:
565:
479:
3134:"Full text: Chapter 4. The President of the Russian Federation"
2047:"Off the Menu: Post-1945 Norms and the End of War Declarations"
2244:. New York: Random House Ballantine Publishing Group. p.
76:
2617:"'No other option': Excerpts of Putin's speech declaring war"
1298:
Hague Convention (III) of 1907 on the Opening of Hostilities
1160:
No formal declaration of war has been issued in the ongoing
120:
Hague Convention (III) of 1907 on the Opening of Hostilities
79:
activity against another. The declaration is a performative
2474:"Western Sahara independence group declares war on Morocco"
2441:"Cameroon government 'declares war' on secessionist rebels"
1860:
Declarations of war by Great Britain and the United Kingdom
29:
Formal act by which one state announces war against another
3218:"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 23 Jul 1999 (Pt 23)"
3178:
Former defence chiefs oppose role for MPs in war decisions
2916:"Article 35 - Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 - LĂ©gifrance"
2460:"Azerbaijan declares state of war in some cities, regions"
1303:
Since 1945, developments in international law such as the
125:
Since 1945, developments in international law such as the
3199:
A declaration of war on this medieval royal prerogative
2695:
The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907
2669:"Verkhovna Rada recognized Russia as a terrorist state"
212:
governing such declarations are the Hague Conventions.
1737:
govern the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;"
2564:
Pullen, Rebekah K.; Frost, Catherine (3 March 2022).
3105:"The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands"
2407:"Georgia declares 'state of war' over South Ossetia"
1445:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1172:
announcing the start of the invasion with the term "
247:
Denigration of formal declarations of war before WWI
3069:"Israel: Israel: Basic Law of 1992, The Government"
2353:
World: Africa Eritrea: 'Ethiopia pursues total war'
163:
German declaration of war against the United States
32:"State of war" redirects here. For other uses, see
3291:
2759:– via The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
2738:– via The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
2717:– via The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
2237:
2045:Irajpanah, Katherine; Schultz, Kenneth A. (2021).
1988:"Waging war: Parliament's role and responsibility"
1801:2010:1408 15 kap. 14 § entitled "Krigsförklaring"
185:, though the practice started to decline into the
1661:The President may declare war in the name of the
1195:Convention Relative to the Opening of Hostilities
2008:not sit happily with an idea of legal equality).
1914:List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity
3236:Historical Resources About The Second World War
2980:"Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany"
1199:
1186:
3186:. 28 December 2007. Retrieved on 15 March 2009
307:Formal declarations of war during World War II
3324:defines the protocol for starting hostilities
3148:"Full text: Chapter 3. The Federal Structure"
2300:(PhD). University of Minnesota. p. 167.
1502:"authorize" the declaration of war. Both the
296:Formal declarations of war during World War I
8:
3207:. 23 August 2005. Retrieved on 15 March 2009
3003:(in Hungarian). Wolters Kluwer Hungary Kft.
2591:"Ukraine's envoy says Russia 'declared war'"
2018:
2016:
2848:United Nations High Commission for Refugees
2844:"UN Security Council Resolution 678 (1990)"
1193:The Hague Convention (III) of 1907 called "
225:General Treaty for the Renunciation of War
129:, which prohibits both the threat and the
2946:Revue française de droit constitutionnel
1323:
333:
3317:Declarations of war during World War II
3260:The International Law of Armed Conflict
2294:Kamazima, Switbert Rwechungura (2004).
1976:
1951:, such can be sought by the government.
1940:
1888:Declaration of war by the United States
313:Declarations of war during World War II
2999:[Fundamental Law of Hungary].
2827:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2820:
2642:Sheftalovic, Zoya (24 February 2022).
2175:, University of Illinois Press, 1998,
2145:, University of Illinois Press, 1998,
302:Declarations of war during World War I
194:Hostilities without Declaration of War
1982:
1980:
7:
2458:Ruslan Rehimov (27 September 2020).
2090:
2088:
2040:
2038:
219:, formed in 1919 in the wake of the
173:gives an account of it, as does the
3331:, US Congressional Research Service
2426:"Sudan declares war on South Sudan"
799:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
59:signs a declaration of war against
41:Declaration of war (disambiguation)
3296:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
3083:"CapĂtulo III Del Poder Ejecutivo"
3027:"PART XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS"
2388:"France backing Djibouti in 'war'"
2207:Quæstionum Juris Publici Liber Duo
2205:Bynkershoek, Cornelius van. 1930.
2097:"Why States No Longer Declare War"
25:
3007:from the original on 29 June 2023
3001:Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye
2771:"The President's News Conference"
2370:"Call to ease Chad-Sudan tension"
2334:Theodore Draper (29 March 1990).
2211:The Classics of International Law
1879:Constitution of the United States
1241:on 25 June 1950, which began the
271:' ally – an event that began the
110:, may authorise war-like acts by
2439:Sixtus, Mbom (4 December 2017).
2194:History of the Peloponnesian War
1960:The NPC has been described as a
1133:
1120:
1093:
1080:
1047:
1034:
1001:
988:
955:
942:
911:
898:
867:
854:
823:
810:
779:
766:
733:
720:
689:
676:
665:United States invasion of Panama
645:
633:
602:
589:
559:
546:
516:
484:
473:
462:
442:
420:
408:
75:announces existing or impending
2940:Leblond-Masson, Romain (2015).
2873:Federal Register of Legislation
2424:Scott Baldauf (19 April 2012).
2224:A Treatise on International Law
1682:Constitution of the Netherlands
3322:Hague Convention (III) in 1907
3263:. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2773:. 29 June 1950. Archived from
2405:Peter Walker (9 August 2008).
2162:Deut. 20:10–12, Judg. 11:1–32.
1432:Article 62(15), 67(19) and 80
1260:The United Nations has issued
1253:on 29 June 1950, US President
144:international humanitarian law
1:
2209:(1737). Trans. Tenney Frank.
2173:The Lost Art of Declaring War
2143:The Lost Art of Declaring War
2063:10.1080/09636412.2021.1979842
2026:Charter of the United Nations
71:is a formal act by which one
34:State of war (disambiguation)
2428:. Christian Science Monitor.
2222:Hall, William Edward. 1924.
2113:10.1080/09636412.2012.734227
1877:Article 1, Section 8 of the
1777:Spanish constitution of 1978
1415:Declaration of war by Canada
1262:Security Council Resolutions
1076:Existence of a state of war
984:Existence of a state of war
894:Existence of a state of war
850:Existence of a state of war
806:Existence of a state of war
762:Existence of a state of war
716:Existence of a state of war
672:Existence of a state of war
196:(1883), the British scholar
2997:"Magyarország Alaptörvénye"
2693:Scott, James Brown, editor
1166:Russian invasion of Ukraine
977:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
134:the Charter, may authorize
3379:
2514:"Israel-Hamas War Day 349"
2336:"Did Noriega declare war?"
2095:Fazal, Tanisha M. (2012).
1552:Fundamental Law of Hungary
1221:The United Nations and war
1174:special military operation
1164:. At the beginning of the
310:
299:
38:
31:
1866:
1841:
1824:Article 87 and 92 of the
1813:
1790:
1764:
1754:Basic Law of Saudi Arabia
1741:
1727:Article 71 and 86 of the
1716:
1692:
1669:
1650:Article 89 § VIII of the
1639:
1615:
1586:
1562:
1539:
1515:
1478:
1452:
1421:
1394:
1367:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1109:Israel–Hezbollah conflict
1058:
1023:Second Western Sahara War
436:
418:
403:
400:
364:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
284:Cornelius van Bynkershoek
2340:New York Review of Books
497:Still technically at war
318:Declared wars since 1945
206:public international law
3257:Kwakwa, Edward (1992).
3055:"Basic Law The Knesset"
1356:Australian constitution
1339:Additional information
1316:Requirements by country
1272:which was triggered by
1268:, authorizing the 1991
3175:Norton-Taylor, Richard
2920:www.legifrance.gouv.fr
2319:Robert Cowley (1996).
1826:Constitution of Turkey
1729:Constitution of Russia
1628:Constitution of Kuwait
1380:Brazilian constitution
1305:United Nations Charter
1218:
1191:
709:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
198:John Frederick Maurice
166:
127:United Nations Charter
64:
2958:10.3917/rfdc.104.0839
2236:Michael Oren (2003).
1705:Constitution of Qatar
1663:United Mexican States
1575:Constitution of India
1573:Article 53(2) of the
157:
57:Franklin D. Roosevelt
49:
3336:1 April 2012 at the
2869:"Series C1903A00020"
1949:Parliament of Canada
1652:Mexican Constitution
1465:Finnish constitution
251:In classical times,
165:on 11 December 1941.
87:between two or more
63:on 11 December 1941.
39:For other uses, see
3353:Declarations of war
2777:on 26 December 2010
2476:. 14 November 2020.
2376:. 25 December 2005.
1905:(mostly undeclared)
1491:French constitution
1170:televised broadcast
1162:Russo-Ukrainian War
1156:Russo-Ukrainian War
1116:Declaration of war
1030:Declaration of war
938:Declaration of war
629:Declaration of war
585:Declaration of war
578:Uganda–Tanzania War
542:Declaration of war
512:Declaration of war
404:Declaration of war
289:William Edward Hall
3112:www.government.nl/
2809:on 2 November 2015
2623:. 24 February 2022
2597:. 24 February 2022
2595:The Economic Times
1924:State of emergency
1775:Article 63 of the
1752:Article 61 of the
1703:Article 71 of the
1680:Article 96 of the
1626:Article 68 of the
1550:Article 49 of the
1489:Article 35 of the
1463:Article 93 of the
1378:Article 84 of the
1354:Section 61 of the
1151:Other unique cases
1113:19 September 2024
981:27 September 2020
843:Russo-Georgian War
626:22 September 1980
227:of 1928 signed in
167:
69:declaration of war
65:
3363:Chronology of war
2462:. Anadolu Agency.
2447:on 21 April 2018.
1919:Letter of protest
1894:
1893:
1504:National Assembly
1309:collective action
1148:
1147:
1027:14 November 2020
931:Anglophone Crisis
759:23 December 2005
755:Chadian Civil War
669:15 December 1989
273:Peloponnesian War
217:League of Nations
171:Epic of Gilgamesh
136:collective action
16:(Redirected from
3370:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3254:
3248:
3247:
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3095:
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2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2875:. September 2021
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2802:. Archived from
2801:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2746:
2740:
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2628:
2613:
2607:
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2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2570:The Conversation
2561:
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2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2443:. Archived from
2436:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2384:
2378:
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2366:
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2197:
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2169:
2163:
2160:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2101:Security Studies
2092:
2083:
2082:
2051:Security Studies
2042:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1984:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1945:
1324:
1251:press conference
1229:The UN became a
1139:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1073:7 October 2023
1069:Israel–Hamas war
1053:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1014:10 November 2020
1007:
1005:
1004:
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991:
961:
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958:
948:
946:
945:
935:4 December 2017
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902:
901:
873:
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829:
827:
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791:15 January 2010
785:
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782:
772:
770:
769:
746:12 December 2000
739:
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726:
724:
723:
701:31 January 1990
695:
693:
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682:
680:
679:
651:
649:
648:
638:
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582:2 November 1978
564:
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520:
490:
488:
487:
478:
477:
467:
466:
448:
446:
445:
426:
424:
423:
413:
412:
387:War of Attrition
369:Arab–Israeli War
357:Declaring party
334:
237:Second World War
108:covert operation
104:letter of marque
21:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3343:
3342:
3338:Wayback Machine
3313:
3308:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3238:. 7 August 2008
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2862:
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2819:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2797:"Archived copy"
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2675:. 15 April 2022
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2423:
2422:
2418:
2404:
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2399:
2394:. 13 June 2008.
2386:
2385:
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2368:
2367:
2363:
2351:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2321:"Iran-Iraq War"
2318:
2317:
2313:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2240:Six Days of War
2235:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2187:
2171:Brien Hallett,
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2141:Brien Hallett,
2140:
2136:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1909:Frozen conflict
1899:
1686:States General
1604:Prime Minister
1438:
1409:
1360:Prime Minister
1318:
1286:
1276:'s invasion of
1255:Harry S. Truman
1223:
1182:
1168:, Putin gave a
1158:
1153:
1134:
1132:
1121:
1119:
1094:
1092:
1081:
1079:
1048:
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1035:
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1002:
1000:
989:
987:
956:
954:
943:
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910:
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897:
879:16 August 2008
868:
866:
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824:
822:
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734:
732:
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690:
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603:
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590:
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547:
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455:26 October 1994
443:
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309:
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298:
249:
221:First World War
161:announcing the
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3376:
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3312:
3311:External links
3309:
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3223:
3209:
3196:Kettle, Martin
3188:
3167:
3153:
3139:
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3096:
3074:
3060:
3046:
3018:
2988:
2971:
2952:(4): 839–862.
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2741:
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2416:
2397:
2379:
2361:
2359:. 6 June 1998.
2345:
2326:
2323:. History.com.
2311:
2286:
2274:www.abc.net.au
2261:
2254:
2228:
2215:
2198:
2185:
2164:
2155:
2134:
2107:(4): 557–593.
2084:
2057:(4): 485–516.
2034:
2012:
1997:. 27 July 2006
1995:House of Lords
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1953:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1929:Undeclared war
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
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1891:
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1843:United Kingdom
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1676:States General
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1637:
1636:
1633:
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1595:
1593:Prime Minister
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1336:Authorized by
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891:11 April 2012
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847:9 August 2008
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393:Yom Kippur War
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311:Main article:
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300:Main article:
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255:condemned the
248:
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241:United Nations
179:Roman Republic
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14:
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10:
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3:
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3304:
3301:
3300:107–40 (text)
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3270:9780792315582
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2255:0-345-46192-4
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2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
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2181:0-252-06726-6
2178:
2174:
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2159:
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2151:0-252-06726-6
2148:
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2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1964:legislature.
1963:
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1941:
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1868:United States
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1526:Article 115a
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27:
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3328:
3286:
3274:. Retrieved
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3240:. Retrieved
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3204:The Guardian
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3183:The Guardian
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3116:. Retrieved
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3087:. Retrieved
3085:(in Spanish)
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3000:
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2889:
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2838:
2811:. Retrieved
2804:the original
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2779:. Retrieved
2775:the original
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2573:. Retrieved
2569:
2559:
2549:19 September
2547:. Retrieved
2542:
2533:
2525:
2520:19 September
2518:. Retrieved
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
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2445:the original
2434:
2419:
2411:The Guardian
2410:
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2277:. Retrieved
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2192:Thucydides.
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2054:
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2006:
1999:. Retrieved
1962:rubber stamp
1956:
1943:
1903:Ongoing wars
1743:Saudi Arabia
1333:Legal cause
1319:
1302:
1287:
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1247:Soviet Union
1228:
1224:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1159:
1060:Still at war
1059:
968:Still at war
967:
923:26 May 2012
835:6 June 2010
713:14 May 1998
614:3 June 1979
496:
401:15 May 1948
324:Western Asia
321:
277:
259:, allies of
250:
214:
203:
193:
191:
168:
159:Adolf Hitler
141:
131:use of force
124:
93:
85:state of war
84:
68:
66:
61:Nazi Germany
26:
18:Declared war
2853:31 December
2279:10 February
1830:Parliament
1671:Netherlands
1579:Parliament
1556:Parliament
1532:Parliament
1495:Parliament
1239:South Korea
1235:North Korea
919:South Sudan
504:Six-Day War
381:Six-Day War
375:Suez Crisis
352:References
328:East Africa
116:mercenaries
3358:Law of war
3347:Categories
3118:22 October
2813:2 February
2621:Al Jazeera
2196:, Book II.
2183:, pp. 66f.
2153:, pp. 65f.
2031:. art. 51.
1972:References
1820:Parliament
1805:Parliament
1782:Parliament
1733:President
1601:of Israel
1599:Basic Laws
1546:Parliament
1522:Parliament
1500:Parliament
1485:Government
1470:Parliament
1439:(de jure)
1410:(de jure)
1243:Korean War
1180:Procedures
996:Azerbaijan
535:Ogaden War
523:Mauritania
509:June 1967
253:Thucydides
223:, and the
204:In modern
112:privateers
81:speech act
3039:9 October
2966:1151-2385
2879:9 October
2679:9 October
2673:Ukrinform
2653:9 October
2627:9 October
2601:9 October
2575:9 October
2545:. Faytuks
2516:. Haaretz
2498:9 October
2129:143983917
2121:0963-6412
2079:239546101
2071:0963-6412
1883:Congress
1835:President
1723:President
1646:President
1569:President
1459:President
1428:President
1374:President
1345:Australia
1294:sovereign
1231:combatant
1211:Article 2
1202:Article 1
1128:Hezbollah
963:Ambazonia
389:(1967–70)
371:(1948–49)
360:Opponent
239:, so the
100:sovereign
54:President
3334:Archived
3276:27 March
3242:27 March
3089:3 August
3005:Archived
2925:28 March
2900:27 March
2823:cite web
2648:Politico
2392:BBC News
2374:BBC News
2357:BBC News
2306:62698476
2001:21 April
1897:See also
1873:Congress
1855:Monarch
1758:Monarch
1709:Monarch
1657:Congress
1632:Monarch
1506:and the
1436:Congress
1408:Monarch
1385:Congress
1327:Country
1284:Legality
1270:Gulf War
1237:invaded
950:Cameroon
818:Djibouti
728:Ethiopia
597:Tanzania
566:Ethiopia
280:chivalry
210:treaties
187:Imperial
3292:Pub. L.
3034:mea.gov
1848:Monarch
1797:Cabinet
1771:Monarch
1748:Monarch
1699:Monarch
1622:Monarch
1609:Knesset
1541:Hungary
1517:Germany
1454:Finland
1401:Monarch
1189:Powers.
1055:Morocco
1009:Armenia
862:Georgia
831:Eritrea
741:Eritrea
554:Somalia
506:(1967)
492:Lebanon
343:Titled
337:War(s)
265:Plataea
257:Thebans
183:Fetials
150:History
3298:
3267:
3114:. 2018
3011:4 July
2964:
2781:3 July
2755:1 July
2734:1 July
2713:1 July
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1792:Sweden
1718:Russia
1641:Mexico
1617:Kuwait
1588:Israel
1508:Senate
1480:France
1396:Canada
1369:Brazil
1278:Kuwait
1141:Israel
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610:Uganda
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428:Israel
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395:(1973)
383:(1967)
377:(1956)
349:Ended
269:Athens
261:Sparta
233:France
177:. The
89:states
3303:(PDF)
3108:(PDF)
3030:(PDF)
2983:(PDF)
2807:(PDF)
2800:(PDF)
2125:S2CID
2075:S2CID
1991:(PDF)
1935:Notes
1886:See:
1858:See:
1852:None
1766:Spain
1694:Qatar
1564:India
1423:China
1413:See:
1405:None
1100:Hamas
906:Sudan
787:Sudan
527:1991
469:Syria
415:Egypt
340:Date
229:Paris
189:era.
106:or a
73:state
3278:2015
3265:ISBN
3244:2015
3120:2021
3091:2016
3041:2023
3013:2023
2962:ISSN
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2902:2015
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2855:2012
2829:link
2815:2015
2783:2007
2757:2015
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2603:2023
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