563:" (or Indian massage) there. In 1814, Mahomed and his family moved back to Brighton and opened the first commercial "shampooing" vapour masseur bath in England, "Mahomed's Baths", on the site now occupied by the Queen's Hotel. Located on the seafront, the luxurious bathhouse offered therapeutic baths and shampooing with Indian oils. He described the treatment in a local paper as "The Indian Medicated Vapour Bath, a cure to many diseases and giving full relief when every thing fails; particularly Rheumatic and paralytic, gout, stiff joints, old sprains, lame legs, aches and pains in the joints". Jane Daly, Mahomed's wife, was also actively involved in the bathhouse business. Adverts suggested that, like her husband, Jane possessed "the art of shampooing" and that she superintended the Ladies Baths. The business was an immediate success and Dean Mahomed became known as "Dr. Brighton". Hospitals referred patients to him and he was appointed as shampooing surgeon to both King
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294:"The humble author of these sheets, is a native of India; and was born in the year 1749, at Patna, the capital of Bihar, in Hindoostan, about 290 miles N.W. of Calcutta. I was educated to the profession of, and served in the Company's Service, as a Surgeon, which capacity I afterwards relinquished, and acted in a military character, exclusively for nearly fifteen years. In … the commencement of the year 1784, left the service and came to Europe, where I have resided ever since."
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349:, Ireland, with the Baker family. There he studied to improve his English language skills at a local school, and fell in love with Jane Daly, a "pretty Irish girl of respectable parentage". The Daly family was opposed to their relationship because it was illegal for Protestants to marry non-Protestants at the time, so the couple eloped to another town to get married. Mahomed and Daly were married in the
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opinion without the risk of incurring the ridicule, as well as censure, of some portion of mankind. So it was with me: in the face of indisputable evidence, I had to struggle with doubts and objections raised and circulated against my Bath, which, but for the repeated and numerous cures effected by it, would long since have shared the common fate of most innovations in science."
821:, published in 1802, defines medicated baths as "those saturated with various mineral, vegetable, or sometimes animal substances. Thus we have sulphur and steel baths, aromatic and milk baths;—there can be no doubt, that such ingredients, if duly mixed, and a proper temperature be given to the water, may, in certain complaints, be productive of effects highly beneficial."
36:
369:
father "William Dean
Mahomet" in the parish register. Amelia was baptised on 11 June 1809 at St Marylebone, Westminster, in London. By his legal wife, Sake Dean Mahomed had seven children: Rosanna, Henry, Horatio, Frederick, Arthur, and Dean Mahomed (baptised in the Roman Catholic church of St. Finbarr's, Cork, in 1791).
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seek to challenge poor governmental management within the East India
Company. The historian Michael Fisher, who published a biographical essay to accompany an edition of the book, suggested that some passages in the book were closely paraphrased from other travel narratives written in the late 18th century.
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After his death in 1851, Sake Dean
Mahomed, once so renowned in Ireland and Brighton's social scenes, began to lose prominence as a public figure and until the scholarly interventions of the last fifty years was largely forgotten by history. The modern renewal of interest in his writings developed
482:
in
September 1784. While Mahomed gives an insightful and sympathetic account of India and Indian customs, as Mona Narain points out this is done from an essentially European cultural perspective - he consistently uses the pronoun "we" to describe himself and Europeans, and does not in his writings
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London
Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Church of England Parish Registers, 1538-1812; Reference Number: P89/MRY1/084. Ancestry.com. London, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812 . Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Original data: Church of
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1822, 1826, 1838) and was dedicated to King George IV. In this work, Mahomed speaks of the initial resistance to the idea of shampooing among the
English he encountered in his new country: "It is not in the power of any individual to give unqualified satisfaction, or to attempt to establish a new
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According to leading scholars, and as indicated by parish records in London, Mahomed contracted a bigamous marriage in
Marylebone in 1806 to Jane Jeffreys (1780-1850); the banns were read on 24 August for Jane and "William Mahomet." He had a daughter, Amelia (b. 1808) by her and is listed as the
1336:
London
Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Reference Number: p89/mry1/288. Ancestry.com. London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932 . Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Church of England Parish Registers. London Metropolitan Archives,
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and promoted its medical benefits. Once again indicating his acceptance by the wealthy elite, Mahomed and his family lived alongside the rich and titled in
Portman Square and Mahomed may have been responsible for introducing the practice of "champi" or
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form as was common for travel books and many novels in that era and consists of 38 letters. The book begins with a brief introduction where he contrasts
Ireland and India, writing that "the face of every thing about me so contrasted to those
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tobacco, and Indian dishes, ... allowed by the greatest epicures to be unequalled to any curries ever made in England." The restaurant also provided a home delivery service. This venture came to an end in 1812 due to financial difficulties.
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commemorating the opening of the Hindoostane Coffee House. The plaque is at 102 George Street, close to the original site of the coffee house at 34 George Street. On 15 January 2019, Google recognised Sake Dean Mahomed with a
1036:
234:"so long as the Sepoys maintain their formations, which they call 'lines', they are like an immovable volcano spewing artillery and rifle fire like unrelenting hail on the enemy, and they are seldom defeated."
478:. This is accompanied by first hand accounts of Indian culture, trade, military conflicts, food, wildlife, etc. The book concludes with a description of Mahomed's voyage to Britain where he arrived at
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in India." and proceeds to give a sketch of his early years. He then describes his travels over the period 1770 to 1775 as a camp follower to the Bengal army as it moved around North East
571:. Due to a lack of capital, however, Mahomed's Baths was put up for auction in the late 1830s and Mahomed and his family were forced to relocate to more modest accommodation in Brighton.
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337:. He remained with Captain Baker until 1782 when the Captain resigned. That same year, Mahomed also resigned from the Army, choosing to accompany Baker, 'his best friend', to Ireland.
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The Travels of Dean Mahomet, a Native of Patna in Bengal, Through Several Parts of India, While in the Service of the Honourable the East India Company
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Fisher, Michael H. (1998). "Representations of India, the English East India Company, and Self by an Eighteenth-Century Indian Emigrant to Britain".
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and the Nawabs of Murshidabad. Sake Dean Mahomed grew up in Patna and his father died in battle when Mahomed was about 11 years old.
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Teltscher, Kate (2000). "The Shampooing Surgeon and the Persian Prince: Two Indians in Early Nineteenth-century Britain".
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Several commemorations of and tributes to Mahomed's legacy have taken place in the 21st century. On 29 September 2005 the
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1037:"Sake Dean Mahomed (1759-1851), Shampooing surgeon, restaurateur and author Sake Dean Mahomed (Deen Mahomed (né Mahomet)"
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Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 17. Britain, the Netherlands and Scandinavia (1800-1914)
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Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 17. Britain, the Netherlands and Scandinavia (1800-1914)
596:
Cases Cured by Sake Deen Mahomed, Shampooing Surgeon, and Inventor of the Indian Medicated Vapour and Sea-Water Bath
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1974:
Fisher, Michael H. (2014). "South Asians in Britain up to the 1850s". In Chatterji, Joya; Washbrook, David (eds.).
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He emigrated with Baker to the latter's hometown of Cork, Ireland, where he converted to Anglican Christianity.
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to his establishment which remained open till the early 1870s. He made important contributions to the study of
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and James' children changed their surnames from Mahomed to Deane and Wyatt, respectively, in order to avoid
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traveller, soldier, surgeon, entrepreneur, and one of the most notable early non-European immigrants to the
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The word "shampoo" did not take on its modern meaning of washing the hair until the 1860s. See p. 197 in
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470:. A series of military conflicts are described along with descriptions of some major cities, including
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Mahomed died on 24 February 1851 (aged 91–92) at 32 Grand Parade, Brighton. He was buried in a grave at
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His son, Frederick, was the proprietor of Medicated and Hot and Cold Baths at Brighton and also ran a
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Blue plaque on the Queens Hotel, Brighton marking the location of the Indian Medicated Vapour Baths
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in London. In 1869, he opened a "Turkish bath room" in Somerset Street, London. In 1863 he added a
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officer. Mahomed served in the army of the East India Company as a trainee surgeon and against the
1640:
Narain, Mona (2009). "Dean Mahomet's "Travels", Border Crossings, and the Narrative of Alterity".
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1921:. (based on the original by Tim Carder) (1st ed.). Brighton: Brighton & Hove Libraries.
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baths to Europe, where he offered therapeutic massage. He was also the first Indian to publish a
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208:, his name is spelled in various ways. His high social status meant that he later adopted the
396:. Another of Sake Dean Mahomed's grandsons, Rev. James Keriman Mahomed, was appointed as the
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1996:
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Others , like Dean Mahomed , became Christian but retained an explicitly non-Christian name.
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A New Imperial History: Culture, Identity and Modernity in Britain and the Empire, 1660-1840
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Following his father's death, he was taken under the wing of Captain Godfrey Evan Baker, an
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The First Indian Author in English: Dean Mahomed (1759-1851) in India, Ireland, and England
1518:"Frederick Akbar Mahomed and his role in the description of hypertension at Guy's Hospital"
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The First Indian Author in English: Dean Mahomed (1759-1851) in India, Ireland, and England
408:, a flower painter whose work was displayed at the Royal Academy. Together they had a son,
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656:(1998) was highly influential in drawing public attention to Mahomed's life and work.
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Shampooing; or, benefits resulting from the use of the Indian medicated vapour bath,
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notes that Mahomed wrote two books connected to his burgeoning trade. The first was
1399:
England Parish Registers, 1538-1812. London, England: London Metropolitan Archives.
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Shampooing; or, Benefits resulting from the use of the Indian medicated vapour bath
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Shampooing; or, benefits resulting from the use of the Indian medicated vapour bath
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India, Modernity and the Great Divergence: Mysore and Gujarat (17th to 19th C.)
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The First Indian Author in English: Dean Mahomed in India, Ireland, and England
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357:, England, at the turn of the 19th century." In 1786, Mahomed converted from
319:. He claimed he had ancestors who worked in administrative service under the
2001:
1984:
209:
957:"Dean Mahomet's "Travels", Border Crossings, and the Narrative of Alterity"
2010:
1900:
The Infidel Within: The History of Muslims in Britain, 1800 to the Present
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Dean Mahomet (1759–1851), a Muslim who converted to Anglican Christianity.
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285:, he described himself as a native of India, born in the city of Patna in
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The Travels of Dean Mahomet: An Eighteenth-Century Journey Through India
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to celebrate literature which has come from people born in the state of
384:(c. 1849–1884), became an internationally known physician and worked at
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972:
560:
471:
377:
262:. Dean Mahomed described himself as a "native of Patna" belonging to a
1594:
1056:"Early Asian Travelers to the West: Indians in Britain, c.1600–c.1850"
675:
Excerpts from Dean Mahomed's writings were included in the anthology,
652:(Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1996). Additionally, Rozina Visram's
654:
Ayahs, Lascars and Princes: The Story of Indians in Britain 1700–1947
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425:
373:
354:
119:
510:
In 1810, after moving to London, Sake Dean Mahomed opened the first
2102:"Making History – Sake Dean Mahomed – Regency 'Shampooing Surgeon'"
1516:
Cameron, J. Stewart; Hicks, Jackie; Carl, Gottschalk (1 May 1996).
904:"Sake Dean Mahomed, The first Indian to publish a book in English"
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after he was shot down whilst flying over France. During the war,
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Before opening his restaurant, Mahomed had worked in London for
2127:
Differences in Attitudes: Sheikh Deen Mahomed and Shampoo (Urdu)
554:, who had installed a steam bath for public use in his house in
401:
267:
1730:
1728:
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origin. However other sources indicate that he belonged to the
2020:
Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies
412:
Captain Felix Wyatt. Felix was killed in action during the
1938:"Life and Legacy of Sake Dean Mahomet: A Forgotten Enigma"
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Ch. 3 Dean Mahomet in Ireland and England (1784–1851)
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believes that Dean Mahomed's father was recruited by
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On 15 January 1794, Mahomed published a book titled
212:"Sake" meaning "venerable one". Mahomed introduced
183:
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153:
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104:
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55:
23:
404:, Sussex, in the late 19th century. James married
380:academy near Brighton. His most famous grandson,
1976:'Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora
1004:"Mahomed, Deen [formerly Deen Mahomet]"
291:
232:
1394:
1392:
1257:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–97.
1229:"London, England, City Directories, 1736-1943"
644:drew attention to him in the 1970s and 1980s.
530:. The restaurant offered, among other items,
258:and today the capital of the Indian state of
8:
1642:SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900
1473:
1942:Communication Studies and Language Pedagogy
506:Plaque commemorating Mahomed's coffee house
315:during a recruitment drive in the town of
20:
16:Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur
2000:
1877:"Review of The Book of Bihari Literature"
1734:
1533:
353:. They moved to 7 Little Ryder Street in
2212:British East India Company Army officers
1432:"Mahomed, Frederick Henry Horatio Akbar"
1079:. Oxford University Press. p. 125.
961:Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900
441:
303:which mainly recruited from the area of
2172:Converts to Anglicanism from Shia Islam
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1746:
1627:
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1023:
1008:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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781:
648:has written a book on Mahomet entitled
239:
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1349:
1215:
1168:
1149:"5 Fast Facts About Sake Dean Mahomed"
890:
764:(3rd ed.). Bath: Wm. Fleet. 1838.
754:. Brighton: Creasy & Baker. 1823.
730:Fisher, Michael Herbert, ed. (1997).
382:Frederick Henry Horatio Akbar Mahomed
7:
1785:"The Shampooing Surgeon of Brighton"
1119:"Dean Mahomed's Early Life in India"
792:, and "shampoo", v., entry, p. 167,
679:, which was edited by the diplomat,
543:Introduction of shampooing to Europe
490:1794 Frontispiece of Dean Mahomet's
299:Dean Mahomed's father served in the
2081:Works by or about Sake Dean Mahomed
2072:Works by or about Sake Dean Mahomed
1183:"Irish Records Extraction Database"
1099:
2252:Medical doctors from British India
736:. University of California Press.
446:1794 title page of Dean Mahomet's
351:Diocese of Cork & Ross in Cork
14:
2122:National Portrait Gallery, London
1919:The New Encyclopaedia of Brighton
1902:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
1854:. HarperCollins. pp. 20–25.
1688:"Curry house founder is honoured"
1492:"Sake Dean Mahomed and Jane Daly"
867:"Sake Dean Mahomed and Jane Daly"
843:, pp. 148–149, 155–156, 160.
1365:Husainy, Abi (7 November 2013).
1117:Husainy, Abi (6 November 2013).
34:
1831:"Celebrating Sake Dean Mahomed"
1371:Moving Here: Tracing Your Roots
1123:Moving Here: Tracing Your Roots
578:Mahomed's Baths, Brighton, 1826
2097:Retrieved 19 January 2019.
345:In 1784, Mahomed emigrated to
1:
2055:Celebrating Sake Dean Mahomed
1983:O'Rourke, Michael F. (1992).
1851:The Book Of Bihari Literature
1438:. 24 May 2005. Archived from
677:The Book of Bihari Literature
621:St Nicholas' Church, Brighton
247:
71:
45:
629:St Nicholas Church, Brighton
602:went through three editions
176:Jane Jeffries (m. 1806–1850)
2232:19th-century travel writers
2227:18th-century travel writers
2182:Indian emigrants to England
2157:19th-century Indian writers
2152:18th-century Indian writers
2066:The Travels of Dean Mahomet
1959:. Oxford University Press.
1953:Fisher, Michael H. (2000).
1803:"Westminster Green Plaques"
1783:Zarr, Gerald (March 2018).
1436:Royal College of Physicians
1309:A. Chesworth, John (2020).
790:The travels of Dean Mahomet
514:restaurant in England: the
455:The Travels of Dean Mahomet
437:The Travels of Dean Mahomet
160:The Travels of Dean Mahomet
2268:
2247:Writers from British India
2106:BBC – Beyond the Broadcast
598:(1820), while the second,
2242:19th-century male writers
2237:18th-century male writers
2118:Portraits of Dean Mahomed
2112:Black History in Brighton
2032:10.1080/13698010020019226
1985:"Frederick Akbar Mahomed"
1579:10.1017/S0026749X9800314X
1253:Kathleen, Wilson (2004).
1041:National Portrait Gallery
795:Oxford English Dictionary
424:attention at a time when
33:
1898:Ansari, Humayun (2004).
1717:"Dean Mahomed in London"
1464:. (30 January 1860). p.3
1367:"Dean Mahomed in London"
1073:Fisher, Michael (1996).
725:. Cork: J. Connor. 1794.
707:Elizabeth Sharaf un-Nisa
516:Hindoostane Coffee House
250:May 1759 in the city of
173:Jane Daly (m. 1786–1844)
2002:10.1161/01.hyp.19.2.212
1674:Fisher 1998 p. 138-140.
1281:Yazdani, Kaveh (2017).
1060:World History Connected
640:after poet and scholar
2167:British former Muslims
1410:"Dean Mahomed baptism"
624:
619:Mahomed was buried at
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494:
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390:Victorian Turkish bath
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236:
204:. Due to non-standard
2222:19th-century surgeons
2217:18th-century surgeons
2202:Indian travel writers
2192:Indian former Muslims
1917:Collis, Rose (2010).
1848:Kumar, Abhay (2022).
1313:. BRILL. p. 91.
1285:. BRILL. p. 72.
1181:Platt, Lyman (1999).
955:Narain, Mona (2009).
818:Domestic Encyclopædia
618:
585:
577:
505:
489:
445:
432:were disapproved of.
341:Adult life and family
1567:Modern Asian Studies
1522:Kidney International
798:, 2nd ed., vol. 15,
702:Mirza Abu Taleb Khan
590:The literary critic
266:family that claimed
1810:City of Westminster
1737:, pp. 409–423.
1696:. 29 September 2005
1535:10.1038/ki.1996.209
1476:, pp. 212–213.
1102:, pp. 199–211.
661:City of Westminster
394:high blood pressure
307:and the historian,
254:, then part of the
2207:Writers from Patna
2187:Writers from Bihar
1936:Das, Alok (2016).
1377:on 7 November 2013
1151:. 15 January 2019.
973:10.1353/sel.0.0070
672:on the main page.
625:
588:
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498:Restaurant venture
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476:Varanasi (Benares)
472:Kolkata (Calcutta)
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278:caste of barbers.
196:(1759–1851) was a
59:Sheikh Din Mahomed
42:Thomas Mann Baynes
2162:British Anglicans
1928:978-0-9564664-0-2
1909:978-1-85065-685-2
1881:Financial Express
1442:on 6 October 2007
1412:. Irish Genealogy
1054:Fisher, Michael.
1002:Fisher, Michael.
910:. 15 January 2019
908:Devdiscourse News
743:978-0-520-20717-2
646:Michael H. Fisher
457:. The book is in
406:Emma Louisa Black
309:Michael H. Fisher
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190:
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464:striking scenes
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430:mixed marriages
414:First World War
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321:Mughal Emperors
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1715:Husainy, Abi.
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202:Western World
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145:
143:Deen Mohammed
142:
140:Dean Mohammed
139:
137:Deane Mahomet
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
121:
117:
107:
103:
98:
94:
93:Mughal Empire
90:
86:
66:
62:
58:
56:Pronunciation
54:
43:
37:
32:
22:
19:
2111:
2105:
2092:Open Plaques
2091:
2065:
2023:
2019:
1992:
1989:Hypertension
1988:
1978:. Routledge.
1975:
1955:
1945:
1941:
1918:
1899:
1880:
1870:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1815:10 September
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1797:
1789:Aramco World
1788:
1778:
1766:
1759:Mahomed 1838
1754:
1747:Mahomed 1838
1742:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1691:
1670:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1628:Mahomet 1794
1623:
1616:Mahomet 1794
1611:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1440:the original
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1404:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1370:
1332:
1324:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1254:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1233:ancestry.com
1232:
1223:
1211:
1200:Mahomet 1997
1195:
1187:Ancestry.com
1186:
1176:
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1122:
1095:
1075:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1024:Mahomet 1997
1007:
997:
964:
960:
950:
930:
924:
914:10 September
912:. Retrieved
907:
898:
886:
874:. Retrieved
870:
841:Mahomet 1794
836:
816:
811:
793:
789:
784:
760:
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732:
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676:
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665:Green Plaque
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371:
367:
363:Christianity
344:
325:
313:Robert Clive
298:
293:
292:
286:
282:
281:In his work
280:
256:Bengal Subah
245:
240:Mahomet 1794
237:
233:
194:Dean Mahomed
193:
192:
159:
155:Notable work
146:Dr. Brighton
134:Dean Mahomet
110:(1851-02-24)
89:Bengal Subah
40:Portrait by
28:Dean Mahomed
18:
2147:1851 deaths
2142:1759 births
1771:Collis 2010
1416:25 February
1350:Fisher 2014
1238:20 February
1216:Ansari 2004
1169:Ansari 2004
891:Fisher 2000
681:Abhay Kumar
663:unveiled a
635:Recognition
534:"with real
328:Anglo-Irish
301:Bengal Army
272:Afshar Turk
264:Shia Muslim
68:Din Mahomed
49: 1810
2136:Categories
2085:HathiTrust
1835:google.com
1446:10 January
1381:15 January
1133:10 January
771:References
569:William IV
561:shampooing
459:epistolary
422:xenophobic
331:Protestant
287:Hindoostan
283:Shampooing
228:Early life
77:1759-05-00
2040:161906676
1700:9 October
1654:0039-3657
1603:145623856
1587:0026-749X
1544:0085-2538
1462:The Times
989:162301711
829:Citations
565:George IV
480:Dartmouth
418:Frederick
210:honorific
122:, England
1693:BBC News
1662:40467318
1501:17 March
1100:Das 2016
981:40467318
876:22 March
691:See also
335:Marathas
184:Children
116:Brighton
99:, India)
81:May 1759
2120:at the
2011:1737655
1891:Sources
1552:8731118
1337:London.
522:, near
492:Travels
448:Travels
378:fencing
218:shampoo
167:Spouses
2038:
2009:
1963:
1925:
1906:
1858:
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1601:
1595:313054
1593:
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987:
979:
938:
802:
740:
532:hookah
512:Indian
374:boxing
355:London
162:(1794)
120:Sussex
2036:S2CID
1806:(PDF)
1658:JSTOR
1599:S2CID
1591:JSTOR
985:S2CID
977:JSTOR
776:Notes
685:Bihar
611:Death
549:nabob
536:chilm
468:India
398:vicar
359:Islam
317:Buxar
305:Bihar
260:Bihar
252:Patna
246:Born
97:Bihar
95:(now
85:Patna
2007:PMID
1961:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1817:2019
1702:2008
1650:ISSN
1583:ISSN
1548:PMID
1540:ISSN
1503:2022
1460:''.
1448:2009
1418:2015
1383:2019
1315:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1240:2019
1135:2009
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878:2022
815:The
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738:ISBN
567:and
474:and
402:Hove
376:and
347:Cork
270:and
268:Arab
216:and
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64:Born
25:Sake
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410:RAF
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