Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

1117:, where he would come into contact with Christian missionaries with whom he frequently engaged in debate. After 1868, he returned to Qadian, as per his father's wishes, where he was entrusted to look after some estate affairs. During all this time, Ahmad was known as a social recluse because he would spend most of his time in seclusion studying religious books and praying in the local mosque. As time passed, he began to engage more with the Christian missionaries, particularly in defending Islam against their criticism. He would often confront them in public debates, especially the ones based in the town of 1370:(main mosque) of Delhi accompanied by twelve of his followers, where some 5,000 people were gathered. Before the debate started, there was a discussion on the conditions, which led to the conclusion that the debate should not be upon the death of Jesus, but upon the claims of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. He explained that his claim could only be discussed after the death of Jesus was proven, for Jesus was considered by many to be living and the one who will descend to Earth himself. Only when this belief was refuted could his claim to be the Messiah be discussed. 1550: 1340: 1393:, in which he challenged his opponents to a "spiritual duel" in which the question of whether someone was a Muslim or not would be settled by God based on the four criteria laid out in the Qur'an, namely, that a perfect believer will frequently receive glad tidings from God, that he will be given awareness about hidden matters and events of the future from God, that most of his prayers will be fulfilled and that he will exceed others in understanding novel finer points, subtleties and deeper meanings of the Qur'an. 1618:. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad wrote to Smyth-Pigott, informing him that such a blasphemous proposition did not behove man, and that in the future he should abstain from making such claims, or he would be destroyed. This message was sent in November 1902. Newspapers in America and Europe published Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's notification. Despite this prophecy, Smyth-Piggot continued to claim divinity both before and after Mirza Ghulam's death in 1908, as reported by various contemporary newspapers at the time. 50: 2800:) by their lack of religiosity and by rejecting the message of Jesus. Most Muslims of Ghulām Aḥmad's time can be described in similar terms: their spirituality is lost, and only rituals remain of their religion. Furthermore, they rejected Ghulām Aḥmad in the same way that the Jews had rejected Jesus. In addition to these similar circumstances, Ghulām Aḥmad's message resembles that of Jesus in two important characteristics: he does not advocate 1165: 2792:

terminating them. They must therefore also be similar. They resemble each other both in the circumstances of their appearance and in the nature of their prophetic mission. Both appeared when their respective communities were subject to foreign rule: the Jews under the Romans, and the Indian Muslims under the British. The religious conditions prevailing in their communities were also similar. The Jews were described in the

342: 4569: 4824: 1832:, which comprises by far the majority of Ahmadis, believes that Ahmad's prophetic status does not in any way infringe the finality of Muhammad's prophethood – to which it is wholly subservient and from which it is inseparable – and is in accordance with scriptural prophecies concerning the advent of the Messiah in Islam. This group is currently headed by Ahmad's fifth caliph, or successor, carrying the title of 4526: 1374:

paper and had it read aloud, but due to the clamour among the people, it could not be heard. Seeing that the crowd was drifting out of control and that violence was imminent, the police superintendent gave orders to disperse the audience, and the debate did not take place. A few days later, however, a written debate did take place between Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and Maulwi Muhammad Bashir of

1355:, which was at the time considered a centre of religious learning and home to many prominent religious leaders, in 1891, with the intention of distinguishing what he believed to be the truth from falsehood. He published an advertisement in which he invited the scholars to accept his claim and to engage in a public debate with him regarding the life and death of 4514: 1209:

died a natural death, in contradiction to the traditional Muslim view of Jesus' physical ascension to heaven and the traditional Christian belief of Jesus' crucifixion. He claimed in his books that there was a general decay of Islamic life and a dire need of a messiah. He argued that, just as Jesus had appeared in the 14th century after

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differing with him in matters of belief, praised his personal character and acclaimed his works in the cause of Islam and the manner of his argumentation against proclaimants of other religions. The teachings that Jesus survived crucifixion, migrating towards the east in search of the Israelite tribes that had settled there and that he

1807:(or unconditionally) a militaristic struggle, in accordance with Ahmad's standpoint on the issue. Furthermore, some Islamic scholars have opined that Jesus has died (Ahmad's assertion) or have expressed their own confusion on this matter, though the majority orthodox position of most Muslims with regard to this issue has not changed. 1363:(1805–1901), who was a leading religious scholar. He also proposed three conditions that were essential for such a debate: that there should be a police presence to maintain peace, the debate should be in written form (for the purpose of recording what was said), and that the debate should be on the subject of the death of Jesus. 941:. He traveled extensively across the Punjab preaching his religious ideas and rallied support by combining a reformist programme with his personal revelations which he claimed to receive from God, attracting thereby substantial following within his lifetime as well as considerable hostility particularly from the Muslim 1514:, he is said to have delivered an hour-long sermon extempore in Arabic expounding the meaning and philosophy of sacrifice. This episode is celebrated as one of the important events of the history of Ahmadiyya. The sermon was simultaneously written down by two of his companions and came to be known as the 1139:. He travelled accompanied by three companions to the small two-storied house of one of his followers and was left alone in a room where his companions would bring him food and leave without speaking to him as he prayed and contemplated. He only left the house on Fridays and used an abandoned mosque for 3689:

Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 208. "Ghulam Ahmad denied the historicity of Jesus' crucifixion and claimed that Jesus had fled to India where he died a natural death in Kashmir. In this way, he sought to neutralize Christian soteriologies of Christ and to demonstrate the superior rationality of

3030:

In Dar Qutni, the sign of the appearance of the Imam Mahdi is given in the following Hadith: 'For our Mahdi, there are two signs which have never happened since the earth and the heavens were created, i.e., the moon will be eclipsed on the first of the possible nights in the month of Ramadhan and the

1753:

Although Mirza Ghulam Ahmad aroused much opposition particularly from Muslim leaders owing to his messianic claims, opinion of him was not entirely negative. Many leading Muslim scholars, theologians and prominent journalists who were his contemporaries or had come into contact with him, had, despite

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of God, the revival of Islam through the moral reformation of society along Islamic ideals, and the global propagation of Islam in its pristine form. As opposed to the Christian and mainstream Islamic view of Jesus (or Isa), being alive in heaven to return towards the end of time, Ahmad asserted that

1424:

Ahmadis maintain that this prophecy was fulfilled in 1894 and again in 1895, about three years after Ahmad proclaimed himself to be the Promised Mahdi and Messiah, with the lunar and solar eclipse during the month of Ramadhan, according to the Ahmadiyya interpretation of the prophecy. Ahmad declared

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and studied basic Arabic grammar and the Persian language from a teacher named Fazil-e-Illahi. At the age of 10, he learned from a teacher named Fazl Ahmad. Again at the age of 17 or 18, he learnt from a teacher named Gul Ali Shah. In addition, he also studied some works on medicine from his father,

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Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 42. "Following the death of his father in 1876 Ahmad claimed to receive visions and revelations. 'In short', he declared, 'about forty years of my life were spent under the care of my revered father. Just as he was taken from the world, I started receiving Divine

1208:

and Mahdi. He claimed to be the fulfilment of various prophecies found in world religions regarding the second coming of their founders. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's followers say that he never claimed to be the same physical Jesus who lived nineteen centuries earlier. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed that Jesus

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with him and pledge their allegiance to him. In January 1889, he published a pamphlet in which he laid out ten conditions or issues to which the initiate would abide by for the rest of his life. On 23 March 1889, he founded the Ahmadiyya community by taking a pledge from forty followers. The formal

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Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 411. "At their most extreme religious strategies for dealing with the Christian presence might involve attacking Christian revelation at its heart, as did the Punjabi Muslim, Ghulam Ahmad (d. 1908), who founded the Ahmadiyya missionary sect. He claimed that he was

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shrine in Kashmir as the tomb of Jesus. These ideas have been further expanded upon since his death in light of subsequent findings, both by Ahmadis and individuals independent of the Ahmadiyya movement. However, the views remain controversial having been dismissed by some while being supported by

1593:

states that after having been deposed during a revolt in which his own family was involved, Dowie endeavoured to recover his authority via the law courts without success and that he may have been a victim of some form of mania, as he suffered from hallucinations during his last illness. Dowie died

1626:

Towards the end of 1907 and early 1908, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to have received numerous revelations informing him of his imminent death. In April 1908, he travelled to Lahore with his family and companions. Here, he gave many lectures. A banquet was arranged for dignitaries where Ahmad, upon

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Though he may try hard as he can to fly from death which awaits him, yet his flight from such a contest will be nothing less than death to him; and calamity will certainly overtake his Zion, for he must bear the consequences either of the acceptance of the challenge or its refusal. He will depart

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Upon this, there was a clamour among the crowds, and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was informed that the other party alleged that he was at odds with Islamic beliefs and was a disbeliever; therefore, it was not proper to debate with him unless he clarified his beliefs. Ahmad wrote his beliefs on a piece of

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relating to the advent of the Mahdi and the descriptions of his age, which he ascribed to himself and his age. These include assertions that he was physically described in the Hadith and manifested various other signs; some of them being wider in scope, such as focusing on world events coming to

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missionary activity widespread in 19th-century India, and is viewed by its adherents as embodying the promised latter day revival of Islam, has since grown in organisational strength and in its own missionary programme under the leadership of its caliphate. Although it has expanded to over 200

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Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 121. "The affinity between the two can also be shown in the framework of Ghulām Aḥmad's prophetology. Muḥammad and Moses were similar to each other because they initiated the two prophetic chains; Jesus and Ghulām Aḥmad complete the divine scheme of things by

1331:(The Sword of the Two Holy Mosques) in it, Ahmad was again labelled an apostate. The unanimous consensus of about thirty-four religious scholars was that Ahmad's beliefs were blasphemous and tantamount to apostasy and that he must be punished by imprisonment and, if necessary, by execution. 1661: 1860:

countries and territories of the world, numbering an estimated 10 to 20 million, it has received a largely negative (often hostile) response from mainstream Muslims who view Ahmad as a false messiah and his teachings as heretical, particularly the teaching that he was a prophet.

1413:

For our Mahdi, there are two signs which have never happened since the earth and the heavens were created, i.e., the moon will be eclipsed on the first of the possible nights in the month of Ramadhan and the sun will be eclipsed in the middle of the possible days of the month of

968:

tone in favour of Islam, seeking to establish its superiority as a religion through rational argumentation, often by articulating his own interpretations of Islamic teachings. He advocated a peaceful propagation of Islam and emphatically argued against the permissibility of

1255:, where he had migrated. According to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the promised Mahdi was a symbolic reference to a spiritual leader and not a military leader in the person of Jesus Christ as is believed by many Muslims. With this proclamation, he also rejected the idea of armed 1569:

The best way to determine whether Dowie's God is true or ours, is that Mr. Dowie should stop making prophecies about the destruction of all Muslims. Instead he should keep me alone in his mind and pray that if one of us is fabricating a lie, he should die before the

1251:, a voluminous work, he claimed to be the Messiah of Islam. Muslims have maintained that Jesus will return in the flesh during the last age. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, by contrast, asserted that Jesus had in fact survived crucifixion and died of old age much later in 1564:

laid claim to be the forerunner of the second coming of Christ. Ahmad exchanged a series of letters with him between 1903 and 1907. Ahmad challenged him to a prayer duel, where both would call upon God to expose the other as a false prophet. Ahmad stated:

1128:

held discussion and debate with Ahmad about the truthfulness of Islam and asked for a sign to prove that Islam was a living religion. In order to dedicate special prayers for this purpose and so as to seek further divine guidance, Ahmad travelled to

1627:

request, spoke for some two hours explaining his claims, teachings and speaking in refutation of objections raised against his person; here, he preached reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims. He completed writing his last work, entitled

1840:, which comprises a small fraction of all Ahmadis and believes in an allegorical understanding of these terms with reference to Ahmad, formed in 1914 when a number of prominent Ahmadis seceded from the main body soon after the election of 1800:(and by others) – while findings from genetic evidence seem to remain equivocal. Jesus' survival of crucifixion and his natural death have become an important element of Ahmadi belief and Ahmadis have published extensively on this topic. 3670:

Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 114. "He realized the centrality of the crucifixion and of the doctrine of vicarious atonement in the Christian dogma, and understood that his attack on these two was an attack on the innermost core of

1639:

Ahmad was in Lahore at the home of Dr. Syed Muhammad Hussain (who was also his physician), when, on 26 May 1908, he died from dysentery. His body was subsequently taken to Qadian and buried there; he had previously claimed that an

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Ahmadiyya Muslim Community , 1985 "It was not, however, until his 41st year (1876) that Hazrat Ahmad began to receive the revelations that would lead him eventually to the conviction that in his person the advent of the Mahdi was

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method of joining the Ahmadiyya movement included joining hands and reciting a pledge, although physical contact was not always necessary. This method of allegiance continued for the rest of his life and after his death by his

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revelations with great intensity'. Having commenced receiving revelations at roughly the same age as the prophet Muhammad himself, Ahmad described his experiences in similar terms to the revelations received by the Prophet."

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It was like a hidden fountain gushing forth and I did not know whether it was I who was speaking or an angel was speaking through my tongue. The sentences were just being uttered and every sentence was a sign of God for

1182:

Ahmad claimed divine appointment as a reformer as early as 1882 but did not take any pledge of allegiance or initiation. In December 1888, Ahmad announced that God had ordained that his followers should enter into a

1496:. The charge laid against him was that he hired a man by the name of Abdul Hameed to assassinate Clark. However, he was not detained by the police and was declared innocent by the then-magistrate Captain Douglas. 2808:

promulgated by his predecessor in the prophetic office. And to make the affinity between the two chains total, Ghulām Aḥmad is spiritually greater than Jesus in the same way that Muḥammad was greater than

1061:(judge) of Qadian and the surrounding district. The descendants of Mirza Hadi are said to have held important positions within the Mughal Empire and had consecutively been the chieftains of Qadian. 1259:

and argued that the conditions for such Jihad are not present in this age, which requires defending Islam by the pen and tongue but not with the sword. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad wrote two books named

1758:

upon earth, as propounded by Ahmad, have been a source of ongoing friction with the Christian church since they challenge the core beliefs of Christianity and would nullify the doctrines of

1866:

is the only state that specifically requires every Pakistani Muslim to denigrate Ahmad as an impostor and his followers as non-Muslims when applying for a passport or a national ID card.

1425:

that this was a sign of his truth and was in fulfillment of the tradition or prophecy. The eclipses being a sign of the Mahdi are also mentioned specifically in the Letters of Rabbani by

1401:

After announcing his claim to be the Messiah and Mahdi, his opponents demanded that he should produce the "heavenly sign" detailed in the tradition attributed to the 7th-century Imam

4804: 846: 1791: 4937: 1314:(disbeliever), a deceiver, and a liar. The decree permitted killing him and his followers. It was taken all around India and was signed by some two hundred religious scholars. 1381:

Ahmad is known to have travelled extensively across Northern India during this period of his life and to have held various debates with influential religious leaders.

1049:

his distant relative. The family were all known as Mughals within the British governmental records of India probably due to the high positions it occupied within the

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A number of modern Muslim scholars and Muslim intellectuals seem to conform to the idea of Jihad as fundamentally a peaceful religious endeavour rather than

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and had built a dynamic religious organisation with an executive body and its own printing press. After his death he was succeeded by his close companion

4757: 4558: 690: 4882: 4762: 1783: 700: 4681: 3500: 1886: 1668:

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad married twice. His first wife was his maternal cousin Hurmat Bibi. Later, they separated and lived separately for a long time.

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under circumstances prevailing in the present age. By the time of his death, he had gathered an estimated 400,000 followers, especially within the

2564: 1766:, the two principal tenets of Christianity. Western scholars and historians have acknowledged this fact as one of the features of Ahmad's legacy. 3655:

the messiah of the Jewish and Muslim tradition; the figure known as Jesus of Nazareth had not died on the cross but survived to die in Kashmir."

2358:

Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 140. "Like Muḥammad, he was then forty years of age; he was privileged in the beginning with a "good dream" (

1518:, the revealed or inspired sermon. Ahmadiyya literature states that during this sermon, there was a change in his voice, he appeared as if in a 932:, an event that marks the establishment of the Ahmadiyya movement. The mission of the movement, according to him, was the reinstatement of the 4927: 4486: 4438: 4401: 4324: 4269: 4238: 3894: 3867: 3840: 3484: 2242: 2215: 2085: 2019: 1644:

had told him that he would be buried there. By the time of his death, he had gathered an estimated 400,000 followers, especially within the

4922: 2920: 947:. He is known to have engaged in numerous public debates and dialogues with Christian missionaries, Muslim scholars and Hindu revivalists. 1606:(1852-1927) proclaimed himself the Messiah and also claimed to be God while preaching in the Church known as "The Ark of the Covenant" in 1522:, in the grip of an unseen hand, and as if a voice from the unknown had made him its mouthpiece. After the sermon ended, Ahmad fell into 891: 851: 1010:

has remained a central point of controversy between his followers and mainstream Muslims, who believe Muhammad to be the last prophet.

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When applying for a passport, every Pakistani Muslim must sign a statement deriding Ahmad and denouncing his followers as non-Muslims.

2190: 1896: 1841: 1701: 637: 211: 3415: 4418: 4380: 4144: 3144: 2607: 2524: 2468: 1645: 1549: 1220:, he wrote about the fulfillment of various prophecies. In it, he enumerated a variety of prophecies and descriptions from both the 974: 4530: 3803: 2769: 4289: 3501:"H.H. Risley and E.A. Gait, (1903), Report of the Census of India, 1901, Calcutta, Superintendent of Government Printing, p. 373" 1229:

certain points, certain conditions within the Muslim community, and varied social, political, economic, and physical conditions.

4907: 4660: 3333: 2894: 2715: 1901: 951: 555: 121: 4902: 4892: 4551: 4079:

Further Similarities and Differences: (between esoteric/exoteric & Sunni/Shia) and (between Islam/Christianity/Judaism)

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The movement initiated by Ahmad, which is often seen to have emerged as an Islamic religious response to the Christian and

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research tends to corroborate a link between the tribes of Israel and the peoples of south/central Asia, specifically the

4518: 3269: 4917: 4867: 4640: 4167: 411: 4852: 4458: 2723: 2057: 1344: 1143:(Friday prayers). It is during this period that he declared God had given him the glad tidings of an illustrious son. 2435: 1159: 1034:) along with an entourage of two hundred people consisting of his family, servants and followers. Travelling through 929: 3625: 2112: 4897: 4887: 4794: 4095: 1829: 830: 3596: 4912: 4544: 2597: 1837: 1824:

to be the last of the prophets and believe that Ahmad's use of these terms is a violation of the concept of the

4630: 4347: 3910:

Did Jesus Die on the Cross? The History of Reflection on the End of His Earthly Life in Sunni Tafsir Literature

1881: 1755: 1295:. After his death, opponents accused him of working for the British government due to the termination of armed 960:(The Proofs of Ahmadiyya, his first major work) in 1880 and his death in May 1908. Many of his writings bear a 938: 401: 1325:

to collect the opinions of the religious scholars of Mecca and Madina. He compiled these opinions in his work

1810:

One of the main sources of dispute during his lifetime and continuing since then is Ahmad's use of the terms

1093:). The surviving child of twins born to an affluent Mughal family. He learned to read the Arabic text of the 4877: 4635: 4625: 3807: 1891: 1825: 1489: 1318: 1003: 970: 884: 759: 406: 396: 4370: 3767: 3665: 2786: 1580:

Dowie declined the challenge, calling Mirza Ghulam Ahmad the "silly Mohammedan Messiah". Ahmad prophesied:

1339: 4784: 4134: 2120: 1748: 1603: 820: 783: 678: 4108: 3504: 1133:

upon what he claimed was divine instruction. Here, he spent forty days in seclusion, a practice known as

4686: 4589: 3134: 1795: 1763: 462: 449: 363: 4111:, The Promised Messiah and Mahdi, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited. 3043: 2736: 2571: 1155: 921: 373: 3474: 3079: 2381: 4932: 4862: 4857: 4789: 3950: 3680: 3247: 3065: 2750: 2700: 1942: 1911: 1561: 1553: 1099: 825: 673: 444: 2944: 2318: 2280: 2132: 954:

on various religious, theological and moral subjects between the publication of the first volume of

4747: 4722: 4676: 3315: 1876: 1759: 1744: 1505: 1247: 986: 956: 797: 773: 754: 749: 735: 652: 627: 620: 590: 584: 493: 302: 4828: 4727: 4691: 4446: 4000: 2260: 1710: 1688: 1615: 1485: 1367: 1360: 982: 916:. When he was just over forty years of age, his father died and around that time he claimed that 877: 862: 632: 599: 324: 216: 171: 2927: 2396: 1488:, filed a lawsuit of attempted murder against Ahmad at the court of District Magistrate Captain 1405:, also known as Muhammad bin Ali, in which a certain sign is stated about the appearance of the 668: 4455:"Ghulām Aḥmad al-Qādiyānī: The Messiah of the Christians—Peace upon Him—in India (India, 1908)" 3287: 2054:"Ghulām Aḥmad al-Qādiyānī: The Messiah of the Christians—Peace upon Him—in India (India, 1908)" 998:

nevertheless remains the central figure in Ahmadiyya Islam. Ahmad's claim to be a subordinate (

49: 4742: 4737: 4482: 4454: 4434: 4414: 4397: 4376: 4320: 4265: 4234: 4183: 4140: 3960: 3946: 3890: 3863: 3836: 3480: 3140: 2603: 2520: 2464: 2452: 2289: 2248: 2238: 2211: 2186: 2081: 2053: 2025: 2015: 1812: 1660: 1402: 1256: 1038:, they finally settled in the Punjab, India, where Mirza Hadi founded the town known today as 995: 647: 642: 4314: 4259: 4228: 2968: 2836: 1245:(reformer) of his era became more explicit. In one of his most well-known and praised works, 1213:, the promised messiah, i.e. the Mahdi, must also appear in the 14th century after Muhammad. 928:

and formed a community of followers upon what he claimed was divine instruction, stipulating

4706: 4696: 4474: 4470: 4206: 3347: 2073: 2069: 2005: 2001: 1985: 1833: 1327: 1306:

Following his claim to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, one of his adversaries prepared a

1299:, since his claims of being the Mahdi were made around the same time as the Mahdi of Sudan ( 1193: 1135: 778: 576: 569: 312: 131: 4502:

S. R. Valentine, 'Islam & the Ahmadiyya Jama'at', Hurst & Co, London/New York, 2008

4283:

The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million.

3436: 3371: 3216: 3160: 2992: 2493: 2413: 4799: 3929: 3519: 2773: 2719: 2330: 1779: 1284: 1164: 1043: 835: 802: 730: 695: 466: 17: 3301: 4767: 4701: 4343: 2766: 1432:

Scientific historical records indicate these eclipses occurred at the following dates:

1426: 1356: 1300: 1019: 840: 742: 563: 368: 294: 275:(13 February 1835 – 26 May 1908) was an Indian religious leader and the founder of the 3014: 4846: 3393: 3194: 3181: 2819: 2678: 2540: 2342: 2148: 1931: 1773:

journey to India for Jesus and the first—other than the local people—to identify the

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Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background

4039: 3667:

Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background

3597:"Majestic Writings of the Promised Messiah in View of Some Renowned Muslim Scholars" 3115: 3097: 2898: 2788:

Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background

2712: 2356:

Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background

994:

Although Ahmad is revered by Ahmadi Muslims as the promised Messiah and Imām Mahdi,

341: 4809: 4752: 4594: 4091: 3745: 1611: 1288: 1083: 917: 685: 3726: 3031:

sun will be eclipsed in the middle of the possible days of the month of Ramadhan.'

2653: 4391: 3884: 3857: 3830: 3684: 3647: 3575: 3560: 3922: 1844:

as the second caliph. This group is administered by a body of people called the

1787: 1526:, followed by the rest of the congregation, as a sign of gratitude towards God. 1511: 1079: 439: 434: 125: 87: 2494:"A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam – Founding of Ahmadiyya Jamaat" 2183:

The Great Reformer: Biography of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian (Volume 1)

4478: 3273: 2252: 2077: 2010: 1981: 1856: 1267:

in which he invited Queen Victoria to embrace Islam and forsake Christianity.

1130: 1125: 1031: 965: 4170:. Adherents.com. 28 October 2005. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015 4053: 2699:"The Fourteenth-Century's Reformer / Mujaddid", from the "Call of Islam", by 2029: 1836:, an institution believed to have been established soon after his death. The 4572: 4525: 3964: 3933: 3648:‘The British Empire and the Muslim World' in Judith Brown, Roger Louis (ed) 2638: 2458: 2293: 1738: 1035: 1027: 961: 661: 332: 276: 260: 248: 83: 3237:

S.R. Valentine, Islam and Ahmadiyya Jama'at, Foundation Books, 2008, p. 50.

2370:, which speaks of Allāh's help to Muḥammad when he was a destitute orphan." 2232: 1221: 1186: 1094: 4513: 4252:

The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world.

3650:

The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume IV: The Twentieth Century

2439: 2234:

Far from the Caliph's Gaze: Being Ahmadi Muslim in the Holy City of Qadian

1820:("messenger") when referring to himself. Most non-Ahmadi Muslims consider 1906: 1863: 1821: 1774: 1493: 1240: 1105: 925: 856: 307: 135: 4536: 3686:

A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order

1589:

The challenge of "prayer duel" was made by Mirza in September 1902. The

1113:

From 1864 to 1868, upon his father's wishes, Ahmad worked as a clerk in

4078: 3785: 3503:. Chinese Heritage of the Australian Federation Project. Archived from 2993:"A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam – Sign of the Eclipses" 2872: 1252: 1205: 1114: 280: 3979: 4609: 4604: 4466: 3956: 2065: 1997: 1993: 1519: 1375: 1225: 1169: 1118: 1075: 1039: 1023: 933: 909: 905: 790: 766: 532: 510: 500: 487: 481: 358: 351: 117: 79: 4092:"Finality of Prophethood - Hadhrat Muhammad (PUBH) the Last Prophet" 3217:"A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Death of Dr. Dowie" 2804:, and does not bring a new law, but strives rather to implement the 2517:

Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco

2288:. Athens, Ohio: Islam International Publications. 1998. p. 15. 2210:. United Kingdom: Islam International Publications Ltd. p. 33. 1984:(2021). "The Cultural Genetics of the Aḥmadiyya Muslim Jamāʿat". In 1279:

turned against him, and he was often branded as a heretic, but many

4081:", Exploring World Religions, 2001, Oxford University Press Canada. 3980:"The Holy Prophet: The Messenger of Allah and the Seal of Prophets" 3372:"A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam – His Last Journey" 4599: 4463:

Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism

4393:

From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia

3416:"A Spiritual Challenge – Mubahala with Maulvi Sanaullah Amritsari" 2793: 2366:). And when Ghulām Aḥmad's father died, Allāh revealed to him the 2062:

Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism

1659: 1649: 1641: 1548: 1523: 1406: 1352: 1338: 1322: 1311: 1310:(decree) of disbelief against Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, declaring him a 1307: 1296: 1292: 1280: 1276: 1210: 1168:

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (seated centre) with some of his companions at

1163: 1054: 1046: 978: 943: 913: 725: 718: 474: 285: 97: 3712: 2319:

http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Life-of-Ahmad-20080411MN.pdf

3886:

Muslim View Of Christianity: Essays on Dialogue by Mahmoud Ayoub

2343:

Musleh Mau'ood, Khalifatul Masih II, in the Eyes of Non-Ahmadies

1849: 1058: 522: 4540: 4001:"The Ahmadiyya Muslim Understanding of Finality of Prophethood" 4413:, Islam International Publications, Ltd.; 2nd edition (2004), 3746:"Jesus in India: A Review of the World Literature (1899-1999)" 3270:"Clapton Pond Neighbourhood Action Group: The Clapton Messiah" 279:. He claimed to have been divinely appointed as the promised 4227:

Larry DeVries; Don Baker & Dan Overmyer (January 2011).

3804:"The Lost Tribes of Israel in India – A Genetic Perspective" 4457:. In Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; 4022: 4020: 3559:

Brannon Ingram, 'Ahmadi Muslim Americans' in E. E. Curtis.

2119:. The Victoria Institute, Great Britain. Original from the 2056:. In Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; 1828:. His followers fall into two factions in this regard. The 1585:

this life with great sorrow and torment during my lifetime.

1098:

Mirza Ghulam Murtaza, who was a physician. Ahmad's father,

4136:

Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice

3476:

Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice

3460:

Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice

3248:"Dictionary of Australian Biography: John Alexander Dowie" 3139:. Islam International Publications Ltd. pp. 177–193. 2382:

Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice

1992:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. 3912:, Joseph L. Cumming Yale University. May 2001, pp. 26–30. 1317:

Some years later, a prominent Muslim leader and scholar,

4348:"Why Pakistan's Ahmadi community is officially detested" 3859:

The Mission and Death of Jesus in Islam and Christianity

2656:, by Maulana Muhammad Ali, Chapter 4: Mahdi and Messiah. 2519:. Leiden/Princeton: Brill/Princeton UP. pp. 306–7. 1848:("Movement for the Propagation of Islam"), headed by an 4427:, Islam International Publications, 1990, revised 1991. 1366:

Eventually, it was settled, and Ahmad travelled to the

4445:, Oriental & Religious Publications Ltd., Rabwah ( 1728:(Nawab) Amtul Hafeez Begum (25 June 1904 – 6 May 1987) 1614:, a religious movement founded by the Anglican priest 4433:, Ahmadiyya Muslim Foreign Mission Department, 1978, 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 1691:, he had ten children, five of whom died in infancy: 1291:

among many others who praised him for his defense of

4319:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 41. 4221:

Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate.

2737:"Introducing the Books of the Promised Messiah (as)" 2164: 2162: 1664:

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad with his son, Mirza Sharif Ahmad.

1238: 1184: 1103: 4777: 4715: 4669: 4649: 4618: 4582: 2776:, by Dr. Ahmad Shafaat, 2003, Islamic Perspectives. 1719:(Nawab) Mubarika Begum (2 March 1897 – 23 May 1977) 1716:

Mirza Sharif Ahmad (24 May 1895 – 26 December 1961)

1676:With his first wife, Hurmat Bibi, he had two sons: 1610:in London. This church was originally built by the 1074:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was born on 13 February 1835 in 255: 244: 193: 144: 106: 65: 34: 3529:. Islam International Publications Ltd. p. 38 2945:"Life of Ahmad, Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement" 2751:"An Introduction to the Hidden Treasures of Islam" 2149:"Complete Book: Chiefs of Punjab by Lepel Griffin" 1947: 1057:of several hundred villages and was appointed the 920:began to communicate with him. In 1889, he took a 1237:In time, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claim of being the 3622:"The Immaculate Character of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad" 1725:Amtul Naseer (28 January 1903 – 3 December 1903) 3195:"Introducing the Books of the Promised Messiah" 1582: 1567: 1531: 1411: 1053:and their courts. Mirza Hadi Beg was granted a 3080:"NASA - Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 1894 April 06" 2649: 2647: 2408: 2406: 1204:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad proclaimed that he was the 607:Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth 4552: 3766:McCarthy, Rory; Jerusalem (16 January 2010). 2143: 2141: 885: 8: 4139:. Columbia University Press. pp. 56–7. 3832:Images of Jesus Christ in Islam: 2nd Edition 1510:In 1900, on the occasion of the festival of 912:, Ahmad emerged as a writer and debater for 904:Born to a family with aristocratic roots in 4938:People from Punjab Province (British India) 4453:Korbel, Jonathan; Preckel, Claudia (2016). 2052:Korbel, Jonathan; Preckel, Claudia (2016). 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 4559: 4545: 4537: 4211:. Human Rights Watch. June 2005. p. 8 3116:"Partial Solar Eclipse of 26 Mar, 1895 AD" 2767:Islamic View of the Coming/Return of Jesus 2265:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1722:Mubarik (14 June 1899 – 16 September 1907) 1560:In 1899, Scottish-born American clergyman 892: 878: 317: 303:Islamic prophecies regarding the end times 48: 31: 4396:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 4120: 4042:. 28 May 2010 – via news.bbc.co.uk. 4026: 3479:. Columbia University Press. p. 53. 2873:"Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, An Overview" 2859: 2009: 4682:The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam 3098:"Total Lunar Eclipse of 11 Mar, 1895 AD" 2362:), shown to him as "the break of dawn" ( 1887:List of founders of religious traditions 1698:Bashir (7 August 1887 – 4 November 1888) 1434: 1026:. In 1530, Mirza Hadi Beg migrated from 937:he had in fact survived crucifixion and 4109:The Question of Finality of Prophethood 3883:Ayoub, Mahmoud; Omar, Irfan A. (2010). 3768:"Pashtun clue to lost tribes of Israel" 3576:"Tributes to Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad" 3562:Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History 2679:"Chapter Two – Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad" 2654:"The Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement" 2515:Schäfer, Peter; Cohen, Mark R. (1998). 2345:, The Ahmadiyya Gazette, February 1997. 1990:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements 1964: 1924: 1680:Mirza Sultan Ahmad (1853 – 2 July 1931) 1018:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was a descendant of 320: 203: 4181: 3302:"The Cambrian, Friday, August 18 1905" 2820:"The Essence of Islam, Vol. IV, p. 33" 2258: 1556:in his robes as "Elijah the Restorer." 950:Ahmad was a prolific author and wrote 3934:Renaissance – Monthly Islamic Journal 3334:"Nottingham Evening Post, March 1927" 3184:, The Review of Religions, July 1993. 2135:by Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad. 7: 4465:. Numen Book Series. Vol. 154. 3744:Tahir Ijaz & Qamar Ijaz (2003). 3699: 3547: 2796:(1:7) as "those who earned wrath" ( 2665: 2480: 2306: 2168: 2100: 2064:. Numen Book Series. Vol. 154. 1794:– as suggested by Ahmad in his book 4873:Founders of new religious movements 4375:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4230:Asian Religions in British Columbia 2596:Ahmad, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam (2004). 1935: 1704:(12 January 1889 – 8 November 1965) 1539:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Haqeeqatul-Wahi 1457:1894 April 6 4am-7am UT (9am-11am) 852:Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran 27:Indian religious leader (1835–1908) 1897:List of people claimed to be Jesus 1713:(20 April 1893 – 2 September 1963) 1702:Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad 212:Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad 25: 4316:The Awakening of Muslim Democracy 3713:"Jesus – A Humble Prophet of God" 3565:Infobase Publishing, 2010, p. 32. 1769:Ahmad was the first to propose a 1695:Ismat (15 April 1886 – July 1891) 1545:Challenge to John Alexander Dowie 1484:In 1897, a Christian missionary, 311:(centennial reviver) of the 14th 4883:Indian Islamic religious leaders 4823: 4822: 4567: 4524: 4512: 4233:. University of Columbia Press. 3856:Zahniser, A. H. Mathias (2008). 1591:Dictionary of American Biography 1124:In 1886, certain leaders of the 924:from forty of his supporters at 340: 3889:. Logos Press. pp. 172–3. 2895:"Argument 7: Defeat of Enemies" 2397:"Ahmaddiyyat - An Introduction" 1902:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography 1683:Mirza Fazal Ahmad (1855 – 1904) 1598:Encounter with the Agapemonites 1110:) who served in the Sikh Army. 1088: 180: 160: 3862:. Orbis Books. pp. 61–2. 3473:Valentine, Simon Ross (2008). 3272:. 22 July 2003. Archived from 3182:Miraculous Knowledge of Arabic 3066:"NASA - eclipse 1894 March 21" 2713:"Qadianism – A Critical Study" 2436:"The Ten Conditions of Bai'at" 2231:Evans, Nicholas H. A. (2020). 1389:Ahmad published a book called 1359:(Jesus), particularly Maulana 1271:Reaction of religious scholars 1: 4168:"Major Branches of Religions" 4133:Simon Ross Valentine (2008). 3835:. Continuum. pp. 146–8. 3348:"A Message of Reconciliation" 2897:. Alislam.org. Archived from 2461:Movement: A Historical Survey 2185:. AAIIL Inc USA. p. 24. 1594:before Mirza, in March 1907. 1378:, which was later published. 1172: 55: 4928:Indian nonviolence advocates 3394:"Re-Institution of Khilafat" 3374:. Alislam.org. 27 April 1908 991:(successor of the Messiah). 930:ten conditions of initiation 4923:Islam-related controversies 4770:(International Aid Charity) 4390:Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). 4369:Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). 4258:Juan Eduardo Campo (2009). 2681:. Alislam.org. 24 June 1904 1948: 1602:In September 1902 the Rev. 1449:1894 March 21 2pm UT (7pm) 1239: 1185: 1104: 1078:, Punjab, then part of the 289:—which is the metaphorical 277:Ahmadiyya movement in Islam 261:Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam 4954: 4795:Ahmadiyya and other faiths 4723:Successors of the Messiah: 4716:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 4292:. pbs.org. 20 January 2012 4096:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 3923:The Second Coming of Jesus 3829:Leirvik, Oddbjørn (2010). 3322:. 9 March 1909. p. 5. 3044:"The Truth About Eclipses" 2206:Dard, Abdur Rahim (2008). 1830:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 1742: 1736: 1631:, a day before his death. 1503: 1419:Dar Qutni Vol. 1, page 188 1343:Jama Masjid, Delhi, 1852, 1153: 831:Ahmadiyya and other faiths 4818: 4805:Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 4479:10.1163/9789004329003_034 4188:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3928:30 September 2007 at the 3774:– via The Guardian. 2772:23 September 2015 at the 2414:"Ten Conditions of Baiat" 2078:10.1163/9789004329003_034 2011:10.1163/9789004435544_034 1988:; Upal, M. Afzal (eds.). 1838:Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 1102:, was a local chieftain ( 985:who assumed the title of 847:Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 301:), in fulfillment of the 266: 240: 47: 18:Death of Promised Messiah 4313:Jocelyne Cesari (2014). 4264:. Infobase. p. 24. 3936:, 14(9), September 2004. 2718:27 December 2014 at the 2181:Ahmad, Basharat (2008). 1882:Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam 1473:1895 March 23, 10:10 UT 1397:The Sun and Moon eclipse 1160:Ten Conditions of Bai'at 1070:Early life and education 621:Organizational structure 4054:"Five Pillars of Islam" 3808:The Review of Religions 3731:The Review of Religions 3458:Valentine, Simon Ross. 2639:Tazkiratush-Shahadatain 2602:. Islam International. 1892:List of Mahdi claimants 1826:Finality of Prophethood 1490:Montagu William Douglas 1465:1895 March 11 03:39 UT 1321:, was to travel to the 1289:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1218:Tazkiratush-Shahadatain 4908:Self-declared messiahs 4529:Quotations related to 3015:"Hadith on Imam Mahdi" 2379:Simon Ross Valentine. 2121:University of Michigan 1846:Anjuman Ishaat-e-Islam 1749:Persecution of Ahmadis 1687:With his second wife, 1665: 1656:Marriages and children 1604:John Hugh Smyth-Pigott 1587: 1578: 1557: 1542: 1470:Partial solar eclipse 1446:Partial lunar eclipse 1422: 1385:Challenge to opponents 1348: 1179: 952:more than ninety books 4903:Prophets in Ahmadiyya 4893:People from Gurdaspur 4595:Six articles of faith 4590:Five Pillars of Islam 4583:Beliefs and practices 4425:Ahmad, The Guided One 4261:Encyclopedia of Islam 4040:"Who are the Ahmadi?" 3316:"Wairarapa Age, 1909" 3288:"Auckland Star, 1905" 3161:"Lawsuit by Dr.Clark" 3084:eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov 2969:"The Heavenly Decree" 2629:Izāla-i-Auhām (1891). 2599:Tawdhi-i-Marām (1891) 2331:Ahmad, the Guided One 2237:. Ithaca. p. 1. 1707:Shaukat (1891 – 1892) 1663: 1552: 1454:Hybrid solar eclipse 1342: 1167: 450:Promised Reformer Day 369:Six articles of faith 364:Five Pillars of Islam 352:Beliefs and practices 4790:Ahmadiyya by country 4521:at Wikimedia Commons 4473:. pp. 426–442. 4443:Masih Hindustan Mein 4411:The Essence of Islam 3959:: Faran Foundation. 3681:Kambiz GhaneaBassiri 3437:"His Last Testament" 3136:Ahmad the Guided One 3133:Ian Adamson (1999). 2933:on 27 November 2007. 2724:Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi 2701:Maulana Muhammad Ali 2565:"Fatah-Islam (1890)" 2072:. pp. 426–442. 2004:. pp. 637–657. 1912:Seal of the Prophets 1756:died a natural death 1562:John Alexander Dowie 1462:Total lunar eclipse 1100:Mirza Ghulam Murtaza 1042:during the reign of 939:died a natural death 922:pledge of allegiance 826:Ahmadiyya by country 445:Promised Messiah Day 230:Amatul Naseer Begum 4918:Self-declared mahdi 4868:Angelic visionaries 4677:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 4290:"Ahmadiyya Muslims" 4123:, pp. 147–153. 3664:Yohanan Friedmann. 3507:on 5 February 2012. 2921:"Hussam ul Harmain" 2862:, pp. 174–175. 2798:al-maghḍūb 'alayhim 2785:Yohanan Friedmann. 2442:on 27 January 2011. 2364:mithl falaq al-ṣubḥ 2354:Yohanan Friedmann. 2113:"Faith and Thought" 1877:Ahmadiyya Caliphate 1760:vicarious atonement 1745:Ahmadiyya Caliphate 1529:Ahmad wrote later: 1506:The Revealed Sermon 1500:The Revealed Sermon 1391:The Heavenly Decree 1285:Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 1248:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 957:Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya 755:Baitul Futuh Mosque 736:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 585:Review of Religions 424:Days of remembrance 233:Amatul Hafeez Begum 224:Mirza Mubarak Ahmad 4853:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 4652:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 4531:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 4519:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 3753:The Muslim Sunrise 3250:. Gutenberg.net.au 2901:on 8 February 2013 2577:on 2 November 2012 1949:Mirzā Ghulām Aḥmad 1842:Mirza Mahmud Ahmad 1711:Mirza Bashir Ahmad 1689:Nusrat Jahan Begum 1666: 1616:Henry James Prince 1558: 1486:Henry Martyn Clark 1361:Syed Nazeer Husain 1349: 1281:religious scholars 1277:religious scholars 1265:Sitara-e-Qaiseriya 1180: 1156:Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya) 1022:, a member of the 1014:Lineage and family 863:Mai Mari da Ashtan 600:The Muslim Sunrise 463:Foundational texts 392:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 273:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 221:Mirza Sharif Ahmad 217:Mirza Bashir Ahmad 205:Mirza Sultan Ahmad 172:Nusrat Jahan Begum 36:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 4898:Prophecy in Islam 4888:Muslim apologists 4840: 4839: 4763:MTA International 4517:Media related to 4488:978-90-04-32511-1 4459:Reichmuth, Stefan 4439:978-1-85372-723-8 4403:978-0-253-01529-7 4326:978-1-107-04418-0 4271:978-0-8160-5454-1 4240:978-0-7748-1662-5 3952:Tadabbur-i-Qur'an 3896:978-81-7268-197-5 3869:978-1-57075-807-2 3842:978-1-4411-7739-1 3810:(CAL). March 2012 3646:Francis Robinson. 3486:978-0-231-70094-8 2395:Louis J. Hammann. 2244:978-1-5017-1571-6 2217:978-1-85372-977-5 2087:978-90-04-32511-1 2058:Reichmuth, Stefan 2021:978-90-04-43554-4 1986:Cusack, Carole M. 1946: 1792:people of Kashmir 1648:, the Punjab and 1477: 1476: 1403:Muhammad al-Baqir 1345:William Carpenter 1283:praised him like 1261:Tuhfa-e-Qaiseriya 983:Hakīm Noor-ud-Dīn 977:, the Punjab and 902: 901: 578:Haqā'iq al-Furqān 305:, as well as the 270: 269: 208:Mirza Fazal Ahmad 16:(Redirected from 4945: 4913:Swoon hypothesis 4831: 4826: 4825: 4707:Tafseer-e-Kabeer 4697:Victory of Islam 4653: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4538: 4528: 4516: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4471:Brill Publishers 4407: 4386: 4356: 4355: 4346:(16 June 2010). 4340: 4334: 4333: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4223: 4218: 4216: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4187: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4088: 4082: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4058:www.islam101.com 4050: 4044: 4043: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4005: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3976: 3970: 3968: 3955:(1st ed.). 3943: 3937: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3750: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3678: 3672: 3662: 3656: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3624:. 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4843: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4829: 4814: 4800:List of Ahmadis 4773: 4711: 4665: 4651: 4645: 4614: 4578: 4573: 4565: 4509: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4452: 4404: 4389: 4383: 4368: 4365: 4360: 4359: 4344:Hanif, Mohammed 4342: 4341: 4337: 4327: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4257: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4226: 4214: 4212: 4208:Breach of Faith 4205: 4201: 4197: 4180: 4173: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4018: 4008: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3969:Vol. 2, p. 243. 3945: 3944: 3940: 3930:Wayback Machine 3920: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3843: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3792:. 20 June 2023. 3784: 3783: 3779: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3748: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3694: 3679: 3675: 3663: 3659: 3645: 3641: 3631: 3629: 3620: 3619: 3615: 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2818: 2817: 2813: 2784: 2780: 2774:Wayback Machine 2765: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2720:Wayback Machine 2711: 2707: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2451: 2447: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2404: 2394: 2390: 2378: 2374: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2305: 2301: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2257: 2245: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2218: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2160: 2147: 2146: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2111: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2088: 2051: 2050: 2037: 2022: 1980: 1979: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1936: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1872: 1780:Anthropological 1751: 1741: 1735: 1674: 1658: 1637: 1624: 1600: 1577: 1574: 1554:Alexander Dowie 1547: 1541: 1538: 1508: 1502: 1492:in the city of 1482: 1421: 1418: 1399: 1387: 1337: 1319:Ahmed Raza Khan 1273: 1235: 1202: 1175: 1162: 1152: 1087: 1072: 1067: 1016: 898: 869: 868: 859:(Tomb of Jesus) 836:List of Ahmadis 816: 808: 807: 794: 770: 746: 731:Masjid al-Haram 722: 714: 706: 705: 623: 613: 612: 557:Rūhānī Khazā᾽in 551: 543: 542: 536: 527:(jurisprudence) 526: 514: 504: 469: 455: 454: 425: 417: 416: 387: 379: 378: 354: 331: 330: 322: 321: 313:Islamic century 259:Founder of the 236: 202: 201: 189: 186: 183: 1884) 178: 174: 166: 163: 1852) 158: 154: 140: 129: 128: 115: 111: 102: 91: 90: 77: 71: 69: 61: 58: 43: 39: 38: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4951: 4949: 4941: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4878:Indian Ahmadis 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4845: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4768:Humanity First 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4687:Jesus in India 4684: 4679: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4657: 4655: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4619:Distinct views 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4522: 4508: 4507:External links 4505: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4487: 4450: 4431:Jesus in India 4428: 4423:Iain Adamson: 4421: 4408: 4402: 4387: 4381: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4335: 4325: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4286: 4270: 4255: 4239: 4224: 4195: 4159: 4145: 4125: 4121:Friedmann 2003 4113: 4101: 4083: 4070: 4045: 4031: 4029:, p. 132. 4027:Friedmann 2003 4016: 3992: 3971: 3938: 3914: 3902: 3895: 3875: 3868: 3848: 3841: 3821: 3795: 3777: 3758: 3736: 3718: 3704: 3692: 3673: 3671:Christianity." 3657: 3639: 3628:on 14 May 2016 3613: 3588: 3567: 3552: 3540: 3510: 3492: 3485: 3465: 3450: 3428: 3407: 3385: 3363: 3339: 3325: 3307: 3293: 3279: 3261: 3239: 3230: 3208: 3186: 3174: 3152: 3145: 3125: 3120:moonblink.info 3107: 3102:moonblink.info 3089: 3071: 3057: 3035: 3006: 2984: 2960: 2936: 2912: 2886: 2864: 2860:Friedmann 2003 2852: 2828: 2811: 2778: 2759: 2742: 2728: 2705: 2692: 2670: 2658: 2643: 2631: 2622: 2608: 2588: 2556: 2532: 2525: 2507: 2485: 2473: 2445: 2427: 2402: 2388: 2372: 2347: 2335: 2323: 2311: 2299: 2272: 2243: 2223: 2216: 2198: 2192:978-0913321980 2191: 2173: 2158: 2137: 2125: 2105: 2093: 2086: 2035: 2020: 1982:Upal, M. Afzal 1963: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1937:مرزا غلام احمد 1923: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1797:Jesus in India 1737:Main article: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1696: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1673: 1670: 1657: 1654: 1636: 1633: 1623: 1620: 1599: 1596: 1572: 1546: 1543: 1536: 1504:Main article: 1501: 1498: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1427:Ahmad Sirhindi 1416: 1398: 1395: 1386: 1383: 1351:Ahmad went to 1336: 1333: 1301:Muhammad Ahmad 1272: 1269: 1234: 1231: 1201: 1198: 1151: 1147:Taking of the 1145: 1136:chilla-nashini 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1044:Mughal emperor 1020:Mirza Hadi Beg 1015: 1012: 971:military Jihad 900: 899: 897: 896: 889: 882: 874: 871: 870: 867: 866: 865:(Tomb of Mary) 860: 854: 849: 844: 841:Humanity First 838: 833: 828: 823: 817: 814: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805: 800: 788: 787: 786: 784:Mubarak Mosque 781: 776: 764: 763: 762: 760:Mubarak Mosque 757: 752: 743:United Kingdom 740: 739: 738: 733: 728: 716: 715: 712: 711: 708: 707: 704: 703: 698: 693: 688: 682: 681: 676: 671: 665: 664: 658: 657: 656: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 624: 619: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 603: 596: 588: 581: 574: 571:Tafsīr-e-Kabīr 567: 560: 552: 550:Key literature 549: 548: 545: 544: 541: 540: 530: 519: 518: 508: 498: 478: 470: 461: 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 426: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 388: 386:Distinct views 385: 384: 381: 380: 377: 376: 371: 366: 361: 355: 350: 349: 346: 345: 337: 336: 268: 267: 264: 263: 257: 253: 252: 246: 242: 241: 238: 237: 235: 234: 231: 228: 227:Mubarika Begum 225: 222: 219: 214: 209: 206: 199: 198: 197: 195: 191: 190: 188: 187: 176: 170: 169: 167: 156: 152: 151: 148: 146: 142: 141: 116: 114:(aged 73) 108: 104: 103: 78: 67: 63: 62: 53: 45: 44: 40:مرزا غلام احمد 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4950: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4833: 4832: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778:Miscellaneous 4776: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4570: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4520: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4490: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4420: 4419:1-85372-765-2 4416: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4382:0-19-566252-0 4378: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4309: 4306: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4242: 4236: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4185: 4169: 4163: 4160: 4148: 4146:9781850659167 4142: 4138: 4137: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3981: 3975: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3879: 3876: 3871: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3852: 3849: 3844: 3838: 3834: 3833: 3825: 3822: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3702:, p. 47. 3701: 3696: 3693: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3668: 3661: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3640: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3614: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3469: 3466: 3462:. p. 41. 3461: 3454: 3451: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3396:. Alislam.org 3395: 3389: 3386: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3321: 3320:Wairarapa Age 3317: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3219:. Alislam.org 3218: 3212: 3209: 3197:. Alislam.org 3196: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3175: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3146:1-85372-597-8 3142: 3138: 3137: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3007: 2995:. Alislam.org 2994: 2988: 2985: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2929: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2875:. Alislam.org 2874: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2853: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2789: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2668:, p. 42. 2667: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2611: 2609:9781853727429 2605: 2601: 2600: 2592: 2589: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2526:90-04-11037-2 2522: 2518: 2511: 2508: 2496:. Alislam.org 2495: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2469:965-264-014-X 2466: 2462: 2460: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2416:. Alislam.org 2415: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2368:Sūrat al-Ḍuḥā 2365: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2309:, p. 23. 2308: 2303: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2283: 2282:Hadhrat Ahmad 2276: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2227: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2208:Life of Ahmad 2202: 2199: 2194: 2188: 2184: 2177: 2174: 2171:, p. 22. 2170: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133:Hadhrat Ahmad 2129: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2103:, p. 21. 2102: 2097: 2094: 2089: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1958: 1950: 1944: 1933: 1928: 1925: 1918: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1808: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1581: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1544: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1479: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1346: 1341: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1207: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1096: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051:Mughal Empire 1048: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030:(present-day 1029: 1025: 1021: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 989: 984: 980: 976: 972: 967: 963: 959: 958: 953: 948: 946: 945: 940: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 895: 890: 888: 883: 881: 876: 875: 873: 872: 864: 861: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843:(NGO Charity) 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 818: 815:Miscellaneous 812: 811: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 793: 792: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 771: 769: 768: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 747: 745: 744: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 721: 720: 710: 709: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 663: 660: 659: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 630: 629: 626: 625: 622: 617: 616: 609: 608: 604: 602: 601: 597: 595: 593: 589: 587: 586: 582: 580: 579: 575: 573: 572: 568: 566: 565: 561: 559: 558: 554: 553: 547: 546: 539: 535: 531: 529: 525: 521: 520: 517: 513: 509: 507: 503: 499: 496: 495: 490: 489: 484: 483: 479: 477: 476: 472: 471: 468: 464: 459: 458: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 430:Caliphate Day 428: 427: 421: 420: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 383: 382: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 353: 348: 347: 343: 339: 338: 334: 326: 319: 316: 314: 310: 309: 304: 300: 296: 292: 291:second-coming 288: 287: 282: 278: 274: 265: 262: 258: 254: 250: 247: 243: 239: 232: 229: 226: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 207: 204: 196: 192: 173: 168: 150: 149: 147: 143: 137: 133: 130:(present-day 127: 126:British India 123: 119: 109: 105: 99: 95: 92:(present-day 89: 85: 81: 68: 64: 51: 46: 33: 30: 19: 4827: 4810:Ordinance XX 4753:Jalsa Salana 4650: 4533:at Wikiquote 4492:. 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