181:. Included in this wide branch of interpersonal death-related phenomena includes; alleged knowledge of one's passing through a 'visitation' before being told by others (often with the experiencer across a large distance from the dying individual and supposedly having no prior knowledge of the individual's condition or death), experiences of light protruding from the patient's body (often interpreted as a soul) and 'heavenly music' coinciding with the patient's death. Along with this comes an experience known in parapsychology as 'Shared Death Experiences', an experience in which a bystander, a friend, relative, nurse or other have an experience that is similar to a
122:
Only 6.4 percent were returned. Since it was the doctors and nurses who were giving the reports, not the patients who had, presumably, actually had the experience, the reports were secondhand. This means they had passed through two highly fallible and constructive human memory systems (the doctor’s or nurse’s and the actual patient’s) before reaching Osis and
Haraldsson. In other cases (i.e., Moody 1977) the reports were given by the patients themselves, months and years after the event. Such reports are hardly sufficient to argue for the reality of an afterlife.
135:
experienced DBP. The majority of respondents that they had been informed of a deathbed vision by a patient or the patient's family. They reported that the content of these visions often seemed to be comforting to the patient and their family. Another study found that DBPs are commonly associated with peaceful death and are generally under-reported by patients and families due to fear of embarrassment and disbelief from medical staff.
258:. Hallucinations caused by drugs frequently contain images of otherworldly beings and deceased friends and relatives. Some scientists who have studied cases of deathbed phenomena have described the visual, auditory, and sensed presences of deceased relatives or angelic beings during the dying process as hallucinations. These hallucinations are theorized to occur due to a number of explanations including but not limited to
1670:
27:
44:. There are many examples of deathbed phenomena in both non-fiction and fictional literature, which suggests that these occurrences have been noted by cultures around the world for centuries, although scientific study of them is relatively recent. In scientific literature such experiences have been referred to as death-related sensory experiences (DRSE). Dying patients have reported to staff working in
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121:
The way in which the reports are collected poses another serious problem for those who want to take them seriously as evidence of an afterlife. Osis and
Haraldsson’s (1977) study was based on replies received from ten thousand questionnaires sent to doctors and nurses in the United States and India.
134:
Research within the
Hospice & Palliative Care fields have studied the impact of deathbed phenomena (DBP) on the dying, their families, and palliative staff. In 2009, a questionnaire was distributed to 111 staff in an Irish hospice program asking if they had encountered staff or patients who had
269:
When the brain does not have adequate blood flow, as is the case when someone suffers from cardiac arrest, the brain is deprived of oxygen. A short period of cerebral hypoxia can result in the impairment of neuronal function. It is theorized that this neuronal impairment accounts for deathbed
150:), visions of a brightly colored 'afterlife' realm (usually a garden), a vision of light (often personified as important spiritual figures in the dying patient's spiritual or religious beliefs), and a 'letting go' of one's personal attachments, and personal identity (ego) as a whole, termed
196:, and William Peters (Head of Shared Crossing Research Initiative), have interpreted these reports as evidence for an afterlife, pointing out similarities to near-death experiences. Limited skepticism has come to these claims so far, except from the psychological truism arguments from
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has written deathbed visions (DBVs) are based on anecdotal accounts that are unreliable. In not reviewing the entire context of accounts he believed he had discovered contradictions and inconsistencies in various DBVs reported by the paranormal author Carla Wills-Brandon.
66:
visions have been described since ancient times. However, the first systematic study was not conducted until the 20th century. They have also been referred to as veridical hallucinations, visions of the dying and predeath visions. The physician
200:
and philosopher Keith
Augustine. As of yet, there remains very few research projects into these shared DRSE phenomena, and thus neither the paranormal 'afterlife' nor the neurobiological or psychological approaches can be supported.
958:"Shared Death Experiences: A Little-Known Type of End-of-Life Phenomena Reported by Caregivers and Loved Ones". American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Shared Crossing Research Initiative. Retrieved on 20 August 2022.
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In response to this qualitative data, there is a growing movement within the palliative care field that emphasizes "compassionate understanding and respect from those who provide end of life care" in regards to DBPs.
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Along with these personal experiences from the dying themselves, occasionally loved ones and hospice nurses experience similar things as well, termed 'Deathbed coincidences' by researchers such as the aforementioned
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Patients to experience such phenomena may not be restricted to particularly religious people. Although deathbed phenomena does not guarantee peaceful deaths upon patients, their experiences are mostly calming.
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Brayne S, Lovelace H, Fenwick P. End-of-life experiences and the dying process in a
Gloucestershire nursing home as reported by nurses and care assistants. Am J of Hospice & Pall Med. 2008;25(3):195-206.
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Fenwick P, Brayne S. End-of-life experiences: Reaching out for compassion, communication, and connection – meaning of deathbed visions and coincidences. Am J of
Hospice & Pall Med. 2011;28(1):7-15.
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Fenwick P, Lovelace H, Brayne S. Comfort for the dying: five year retrospective and one year prospective studies of end of life experiences. Arch of
Gerontology & Geriatrics. 2010;51:173-179.
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75:(1926), collected anecdotes of people who had claimed to have experienced visions of deceased friends and relatives, the sound of music and other deathbed phenomena. Barrett was a Christian
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has written that the proponents of the afterlife interpretation grossly underestimate the variability among the reports. Hines also criticized their methodology of collecting the reports:
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305:
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Fenwick, Peter. "Dying: a spiritual experience as shown by Near Death
Experiences and Deathbed Visions" (PDF). Royal College of Psychiatrists. Retrieved on 20 August 2022.
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M.Nahm, "Terminal
Lucidity in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia and Dementia - a Survey of the Literature" in "Issues in Neurology Research and Practice, 2011 Edition"
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communities. Witnessed figures (visions) may include recently deceased ones that patients and their families are not aware of their deaths prior to the phenomena.
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146:, the common experiences include; a visual or auditory vision of (usually deceased) loved ones (most commonly parents followed by friends and relatives and
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Sometimes, people with severe mental impairments, usually victims of neurodegenerative diseases, recover their cognitive functions shortly before death.
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Brayne, S; Farnham, C; Fenwick, P (2006). "Deathbed phenomena and their effect on a palliative care team: a pilot study".
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254:, noted American psychopharmacologist and researcher, there is a high degree of similarity between deathbed visions and
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Lawrence, M; Repede, E (2013). "The incidence of deathbed communications and their impact on the dying process".
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336:"Shared Death Experiences: A Little-Known Type of End-of-Life Phenomena Reported by Caregivers and Loved Ones"
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and believed the visions were evidence for spirit communication. William's study was also based on his wife,
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MacConville U, McQuillan, R. Surveying deathbed phenomena. Irish
Medical Times. 2010, May 6.
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266:, body systems failures (e.g., renal, hepatic, pulmonary), and a mental reaction to stress.
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edited by J. Adams, J. Corsellis, and L. Duchen. 4th edition. New York: Wiley. pp. 125–207.
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856:"Dying: a spiritual experience as shown by Near Death Experiences and Deathbed Visions"
306:"Dying: a spiritual experience as shown by Near Death Experiences and Deathbed Visions"
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had experienced deathbed visions. Osis, Haraldsson and other parapsychologists such as
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Dying: a spiritual experience as shown by Near Death Experiences and Deathbed Visions
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94:, they reported that 50% of the tens of thousands of individuals they studied in the
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Notable individuals who might or might not have experienced such phenomena include
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Psychological scientific perspectives on out-of-body and death-near experiences
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The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914
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521:"Deathbed Visions: A Profound Source Of Meaning And Comfort For The Dying"
806:"Seeing Dead People Not Known to Have Died: "Peak in Darien" Experiences"
263:
1308:
45:
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Hallucinations that comfort: contextual mediation of deathbed visions
166:
86:
In a study conducted between 1959 and 1973 by the parapsychologists
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41:
25:
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185:, but from the perspective of accompanying the dying individual.
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51:
Some scientists consider deathbed phenomena and visions to be
990:"Far side famous people who saw visions of what awaited them"
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Hypoxia and Vascular Disorders of the Central Nervous System
40:
refers to a range of experiences reported by people who are
1415:
Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena
224:" appeared in a dream of the empress and tempted her to an
1104:"Scientists discover what happens to the brain as you die"
831:"Near Death Experiences: Will Our Dogs be Waiting For us?"
173:) may also display similar reactions to unseeable beings.
391:
Ethier, A (2005). "Death-related sensory experiences".
346:(12). Shared Crossing Research Initiative: 1479–1487.
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Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory
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436:
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
340:
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
334:Shared Crossing Research Initiative (SCRI) (2021).
1086:. New York: Nova Science Publishers. pp. 187-203.
1627:Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives
861:. Royal College of Psychiatrists. 2004. p. 2
1435:International Association for Near-Death Studies
106:have interpreted the reports as evidence for an
479:American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
119:
1496:International Institute for Psychical Research
547:(1980). "The Psychology of Life after Death".
1526:Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
1135:
539:
537:
8:
1634:Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind
585:. Perceptual and Motor Skills 84: 1491-1504.
386:
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767:.the Volume 12. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
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617:
593:
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23:Range of phenomena reported by dying people
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48:they have experienced comforting visions.
1511:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
969:"Did Steve Jobs Have a Death-Bed Vision?"
1648:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation
1410:American Society for Psychical Research
932:. Out of Body Research Foundation. 2004
296:
142:According to DRSE researchers, such as
833:. The Bark. 2020-08-01. Archived from
670:. Cambridge University Press. p. 365.
393:Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing
33:, early deathbed phenomena researcher
7:
1681:
1425:Institut MĂ©tapsychique International
1080:Near-death experiences and the brain
1058:Brierley, J. and D. Graham. (1984).
732:Osis, K. and Haraldsson, E. (1977).
758:"Visitations": After-Death Contacts
581:Houran, J. & Lange, R. (1997).
1486:British College of Psychic Science
1015:"Dowager Empress Died of Apoplexy"
188:Some parapsychologists, including
83:'s observations of dying mothers.
14:
1655:Varieties of Anomalous Experience
1599:Journal of Scientific Exploration
650:. Methuen & Company Limited.
1680:
1669:
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602:Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
315:. Royal College of Psychiatrists
1516:Oxford Phasmatological Society
1506:Metropolitan Psychical Society
1460:Society for Psychical Research
1284:Parapsychology research at SRI
690:. Psi Encyclopedia. 2017-05-22
625:A Dictionary of Hallucinations
1:
1585:Journal of Near-Death Studies
1445:Parapsychological Association
1294:Plant perception (paranormal)
971:. The Daily Grail. 2011-11-01
1481:American Psychical Institute
1440:Koestler Parapsychology Unit
1430:Institute of Noetic Sciences
604:. Prometheus Books. p. 102.
523:. 1-800-Hospice. 25 May 2017
1219:Electronic voice phenomenon
1064:Greenfield’s Neuropathology
688:"Deathbed Visions Research"
561:10.1037/0003-066x.35.10.911
256:drug-induced hallucinations
126:The skeptical investigator
1745:
1547:Skeptics of parapsychology
1501:London Dialectical Society
1420:College of Psychic Studies
666:Oppenheim, Janet. (1985).
448:10.1177/104990910602300104
235:
15:
1664:
1592:Journal of Parapsychology
1542:List of parapsychologists
1450:Parapsychology Foundation
1157:
627:. Springer. pp. 131-132.
352:10.1177/10499091211000045
216:. One of reports regards
1641:The Roots of Coincidence
1204:Dermo-optical perception
491:10.1177/1049909112467529
405:10.1177/1043454204273735
16:Not to be confused with
1571:Extrasensory Perception
1564:An Experiment with Time
1491:Cambridge Ghost Society
1224:Extrasensory perception
1174:Apparitional experience
1082:. In Craig Murray, ed.
1724:Paranormal terminology
1719:Near-death experiences
1269:Out-of-body experience
905:"Going into the light"
124:
34:
1474:Defunct organizations
1455:Rhine Research Center
1259:Near-death experience
716:. Mockingbird Books.
549:American Psychologist
246:Scientific evaluation
212:'s brother Jack, and
183:near-death experience
71:, author of the book
29:
18:Near-death experience
1403:Active organizations
1289:Past life regression
930:"Snowy's Experience"
880:"End-of-Life Dreams"
734:At The Hour of Death
220:'s passing noted a "
218:Empress Dowager Cixi
1239:Kirlian photography
1229:Ganzfeld experiment
623:Blom, Jan. (2009).
285:Deathbed conversion
280:Deathbed confession
92:Erlendur Haraldsson
1199:Deathbed phenomena
764:Skeptical Inquirer
214:William Wordsworth
38:Deathbed phenomena
35:
31:William F. Barrett
1696:
1695:
1314:Psychic detective
1274:Pam Reynolds case
1179:Astral projection
994:Irish Independent
648:Death-Bed Visions
238:Terminal lucidity
232:Terminal lucidity
73:Death-Bed Visions
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598:Hines, Terence
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1556:Publications
1354:Second sight
1304:Precognition
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1076:French, Chis
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1025:. Retrieved
1023:. 1908-11-20
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996:. 2013-03-16
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911:. 2011-03-22
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888:. Retrieved
886:. 2023-04-23
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839:. Retrieved
835:the original
825:
813:. Retrieved
810:ResearchGate
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753:Nickell, Joe
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1394:Zener cards
1374:Telekinesis
1334:Pyrokinesis
1329:Psychometry
1299:Poltergeist
909:Irish Times
210:Johnny Cash
198:Joe Nickell
156:psychedelic
128:Joe Nickell
88:Karlis Osis
1703:Categories
1389:Xenoglossy
1279:Paranormal
1254:Mediumship
1244:Levitation
1189:Bilocation
1078:. (2009).
1027:2024-04-22
1000:2024-04-22
975:2024-04-22
936:2024-04-22
915:2024-04-22
890:2024-04-22
884:Commonweal
865:2024-04-22
841:2024-04-22
755:. (2002).
710:. (1975).
694:2024-04-22
646:. (1926).
527:2024-04-22
291:References
206:Steve Jobs
1709:Afterlife
1379:Telepathy
1214:Ectoplasm
815:20 August
373:20 August
368:233027619
319:20 August
270:visions.
226:afterlife
152:ego death
108:afterlife
1675:Category
736:. Avon.
600:(2003).
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499:23236088
464:31182022
456:16450659
421:53763992
413:15695352
360:33813876
274:See also
264:delirium
154:in some
81:Florence
64:Deathbed
46:hospices
1687:Commons
1309:Psychic
1160:Outline
569:7436117
167:animals
1535:People
1234:Ghosts
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1062:. In
859:(PDF)
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460:S2CID
417:S2CID
364:S2CID
309:(PDF)
222:ghost
100:India
42:dying
1088:ISBN
817:2022
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606:ISBN
565:PMID
495:PMID
452:PMID
409:PMID
375:2022
356:PMID
321:2022
171:pets
148:pets
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