423:
requires integration of information and knowledge across multiple scales and spanning traditional disciplinary boundaries. Significant advances in methods, tools and applications for data science and informatics over the last five years can now be applied to multi- and inter-disciplinary problem areas. Given these challenges, it is clear that each DCO Research
Community faces diverse data science and data management needs to fulfill both their overarching objectives and their day-to-day tasks. The Deep Carbon Observatory Data Science Team handles the data science and data management needs for each DCO program and for the DCO as a whole, using a combination of informatics methods, use case development, requirements analysis, inventories and interviews.
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uses field-based investigations of approximately 25 globally representative terrestrial and marine environments to determine processes controlling the origin, form, quantities and movements of abiotic gases and organic species in Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. Deep Energy also uses DCO-sponsored instrumentation, especially revolutionary isotopologue measurements, to discriminate between the abiotic and biotic methane gas and organic species sampled from global terrestrial and marine field sites. Another research activity of Deep Energy is to quantify the mechanisms and rates of fluid-rock interactions that produce abiotic hydrogen and organic compounds as a function of temperature, pressure, fluid and solid compositions.
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the surface world. Members of the Deep Life
Community are conducting research as a part of the Census of Deep Life, which seeks to identify the diversity and distribution of microbial life in continental and marine deep subsurface environments and to explore mechanisms that govern microbial evolution and dispersal in the deep biosphere.
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100 scientists invited to participate in the Deep Carbon Cycle
Workshop in 2008, expanded their original idea. No longer focused solely on the origin of life on Earth, the group instead clarified their position to further human understanding of Earth, carbon, that critical element, had to take center stage.
278:
As a result of a series of workshops, the DCO initiated an additional
Science Community to examine the physics and chemistry of carbon under extreme conditions. The overarching goal of the Extreme Physics and Chemistry Community is to improve the understanding of the physical and chemical behavior of
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synthesizes what is known about deep carbon, and also outlines unanswered questions that will guide future DCO research. The Deep Carbon
Observatory encourages open access publication, and is striving to become a leader in Earth sciences in this regard. DCO funding can be used to defray the costs of
269:
The Deep Energy
Community is dedicated to quantifying the environmental conditions and processes from the molecular to the global scale that control the origins, forms, quantities and movements of reduced carbon compounds derived from deep carbon through deep geologic time. The Deep Energy Community
94:
role in Earth. DCO is a community of scientists, including biologists, physicists, geoscientists and chemists, whose work crosses several traditional disciplinary lines to develop the new, integrative field of deep carbon science. To complement this research, the DCO's infrastructure includes public
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for carbon and its compounds at high pressures and temperatures, and solid-fluid interactions under extreme conditions. The
Extreme Physics and Chemistry Community also seeks to identify possible new carbon-bearing materials in Earth and planetary interiors, to characterize the properties of these
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assessments of biomolecules and cells, the Deep Life
Community explores the environmental limits to the survival, metabolism and reproduction of deep life. The resulting data informs experiments and models that study the impact of deep life on the carbon cycle, and the deep biosphere's relation to
207:
meteorites indicates that Earth is relatively depleted in highly volatile elements compared to chondrites, though DCO's research is further examining whether large reservoirs of carbon may be hidden in the mantle and core. Members of the
Reservoirs and Fluxes Community are conducting research as a
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beyond Earth's surface. It explores high-pressure and extreme temperature organic synthesis, complex interactions between organic molecules and minerals, conducts field observations of deep microbial ecosystems and of anomalies in petroleum geochemistry, and constructs theoretical models of lower
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Recent advances in data generation techniques lead to increasingly complex data. At the same time, science and engineering disciplines are rapidly becoming more and more data driven with the ultimate aim of better understanding and modeling the dynamics of complex systems. However complex data
165:
After two years of planning and collaboration, Hazen and colleagues officially launched the Deep Carbon
Observatory (DCO) in August 2009, with its secretariat based at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC. Hazen and Ausubel, along with input from over
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and its interaction with the carbon cycle. The Deep Life Community maps the abundance and diversity of subsurface marine and continental microorganisms in time and space as a function of their genomic and biogeochemical properties, and their interactions with deep carbon.
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to make tangible advances towards quantifying the amount of carbon outgassed from the Earth's deep interior (core, mantle, crust) into the surface environment (e.g. biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere) through naturally occurring processes.
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As the DCO nears its completion in 2020, it is integrating the discoveries made by its research communities into an overarching model of carbon in Earth, as well as other models and products aimed at both the scientific community and wider public.
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the geosphere and biosphere show a complex linked evolution; with the diversity and ecology of carbon-bearing minerals on Earth closely mirroring major events in Earth history, such as the Great Oxidation
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is among the largest ecosystems on Earth, encompassing 15,000 to 23,000 megatonnes (million metric tons) of carbon (about 250 to 400 times greater than the carbon mass of all humans on Earth's surface).
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Carbon cycle reveals extent of our impact on the atmosphere, and new life - Carbon released from our digging and burning of fossil fuels is one hundred times that released through volcanic activity.
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The Reservoirs and Fluxes Community explores the storage and transport of carbon in Earth's deep interior. The subduction of tectonic plates and volcanic outgassing are primary vehicles for
203:
to and from deep Earth, but the processes and rates of these fluxes, as well as their variation throughout Earth's history, remain poorly understood. In addition DCO research on primitive
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the known limits to microbial life have been extended in terms of pressure and temperature; complex microbes are now known to thrive at depths of up to 2.5 km in the oceanic crust
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The Deep Carbon Observatory is structured around four science communities focused on the topics of reservoirs and fluxes, deep life, deep energy, and extreme physics and chemistry.
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The Deep Life Community documents the extreme limits and global extent of subsurface life in our planet, exploring the evolutionary and functional diversity of Earth's
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next-generation mass spectrometry has allowed precise determination of methane isotopologues to identify abiogenic sources of methane from the crust and mantle
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329:, from > 670 km depth in the mantle, contain the geochemical signature of organic material from Earth's surface, highlighting the role of
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in New York, on the origins of life on Earth and how geophysical reactions may have played a critical role in the development of life on Earth.
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into the atmosphere is twice that previously thought (although this flux remains two orders of magnitude lower than anthropogenic fluxes of CO
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carbon at extreme conditions, as found in the deep interiors of Earth and other planets. Extreme Physics and chemistry research explores
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Sverjensky, D.A.; Stagno, V.; Huang, F. (2014). "Important role for organic carbon in subduction-zone fluids in the deep carbon cycle".
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engagement and education, online and offline community support, innovative data management, and novel instrumentation development.
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1186:"A large-radius high-mass-resolution multiple-collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer for analysis of rare isotopologues of O
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the discovery of pockets of ancient saline fluids in continental crust, isolated for > 2.6 Ga, rich in H
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and He, providing evidence for the existence of early crustal environments perhaps capable of harboring life
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Holland, G.; Lollar, B.S. (2013). "Deep fracture fluids isolated in the crust since the Precambrian era".
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923:"Massive 'deep life' study reveals billions of tonnes of microbes living far beneath Earth's surface"
863:"Life in deep Earth totals 15 to 23 billion tons of carbon – hundreds of times more than humans"
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1282:"Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor"
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materials and to identify reactions at conditions relevant to Earth and planetary interiors.
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409:). It was released as an open access publication on March 11, 2013. Each chapter of
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1119:"Hidden carbon in Earth's inner core revealed by shear softening in dense Fe
894:"Scientists Reveal a Massive Biosphere of Life Hidden Under Earth's Surface"
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1435:"There Is A Colossal Cornucopia Of Exotic Life Hiding Within Earth's Crust"
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Burton, M.R.; Sawyer, G.M. (2013). "Deep carbon emissions from volcanoes".
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below the seabed, according to a ten-year Deep Carbon Observatory project.
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A list of some of the scientists involved in the Deep Carbon Observatory:
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In December 2018, researchers announced that considerable amounts of
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In December 2018, researchers announced that considerable amounts of
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Research program to study carbon's role deep beneath the Earth's surface
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957 scientists from 47 countries (as of January 2017)
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Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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in Earth's core, accounting for perhaps two thirds of Earth's
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1455:. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 27 February 2013.
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The Deep Carbon Observatory's research considers the global
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Transforming our understanding of carbon in Earth's interior
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Hazen, R.M.; Downs, R. (2013). "Carbon mineral evolution".
1472:. Deep Carbon Observatory. 22 January 2014. Archived from
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142:’s Geophysical Laboratory (Washington, DC) spoke at the
1049:"Synthesizing Our Understanding of Earth's Deep Carbon"
1025:. Deep Carbon Observatory. 22 June 2015. Archived from
999:. Deep Carbon Observatory. 22 June 2015. Archived from
952:. Deep Carbon Observatory. 22 June 2015. Archived from
158:, was in attendance and later sought out Hazen's book,
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57:
49:
41:
33:
1490:. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. 8 August 2012.
287:of chemical deep carbon processes, high-pressure
1347:(1). Mineralogical Society of America: 323–354.
160:Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life’s Origins
1245:(1). Mineralogical Society of America: 79–107.
1131:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
754:Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation
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257:, comprising up to 23 billion tonnes of
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861:Deep Carbon Observatory (10 December 2018).
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1202:International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
839:. Deep Carbon Observatory. 1 December 2013
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749:German Continental Deep Drilling Programme
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1568:2007 establishments in the United States
1341:Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
1239:Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
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1533:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
1488:"Deep Carbon Observatory Data Science"
402:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
321:Research highlights to date include:
1280:Inagaki, F.; Hinrichs, K.-U. (2015).
626:Columbia College, Columbia University
617:Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
608:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
921:Gabbatiss, Josh (11 December 2018).
892:Dockrill, Peter (11 December 2018).
418:Deep Carbon Observatory data science
339:there may be significant amounts of
1470:"DCO Open Access and Data Policies"
1023:"DCO Extreme Physics and Chemistry"
808:Deep Carbon Observatory Data Portal
784:Terrestrial biological carbon cycle
744:Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project
711:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
210:Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project
680:Carnegie Institution of Washington
138:, a Senior Staff Scientist at the
14:
759:Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
689:The University of Texas at Austin
1184:Young, E.D.; Rumble, D. (2016).
662:Technical University of Dortmund
595:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
501:Carnegie Institution for Science
486:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
459:Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
25:
1521:"Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO)"
550:University of California, Davis
1:
671:Shanghai Jiao Tong University
274:Extreme physics and chemistry
635:Marine Biological Laboratory
528:Marine Biological Laboratory
510:George Washington University
154:and Program Director at the
122:deep underground, including
950:"DCO Deep Energy Community"
769:Orbiting Carbon Observatory
283:of carbon-bearing systems,
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1223:10.1016/j.ijms.2016.01.006
1137:(501). PNAS: 17755–17758.
468:University of Rhode Island
441:Louisiana State University
183:carbon sources and sinks.
156:Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
1563:Geophysical observatories
1117:Chen, B.; Li, Z. (2014).
997:"DCO Deep Life Community"
414:open access publication.
295:, physical properties of
124:2.5 km (1.6 mi)
120:4.8 km (3.0 mi)
24:
739:Carbon Mineral Challenge
644:Johns Hopkins University
1537:Open Access publication
1457:Open Access publication
1307:10.1126/science.aaa6882
1292:(6246). AAAS: 420–424.
1152:10.1073/pnas.1411154111
1082:(12). Nature: 909–913.
764:Kola Superdeep Borehole
582:Barbara Sherwood Lollar
477:University of Cambridge
450:Oregon State University
359:the volcanic flux of CO
84:Deep Carbon Observatory
20:Deep Carbon Observatory
1573:Rockefeller University
1361:10.2138/rmg.2013.75.11
734:Carbonaceous chondrite
719:broadcast a 37 minute
709:On 11 April 2020, the
653:Université de Lorraine
568:University of Michigan
152:Rockefeller University
150:, a faculty member at
118:, live up to at least
1259:10.2138/rmg.2013.75.4
976:"Census of Deep Life"
586:University of Toronto
399:is Volume 75 of
308:Integrating discovery
195:Reservoirs and fluxes
1535:. 27 February 2013.
577:Princeton University
519:University of Bremen
301:theoretical modeling
140:Carnegie Institution
73:"deepcarbon.science"
1404:10.1038/nature12127
1396:2013Natur.497..357H
1353:2013RvMG...75..323B
1298:2015Sci...349..420I
1251:2013RvMG...75...79H
1214:2016IJMSp.401....1Y
1143:2014PNAS..11117755C
1088:2014NatGe...7..909S
698:Stanford University
599:University of Idaho
317:Research highlights
245:, including 70% of
102:, including 70% of
21:
1208:. Elsevier: 1–10.
1055:. 21 February 2017
1029:on 15 January 2019
956:on 15 January 2019
814:on 15 January 2019
640:Dimitri Sverjensky
1529:"Carbon in Earth"
1476:on 28 March 2014.
1453:"Carbon in Earth"
1390:(7449): 357–360.
1076:Nature Geoscience
721:radio documentary
676:Michael J. Walter
546:Louise H. Kellogg
506:Russell J. Hemley
446:Frederick Colwell
285:chemical kinetics
187:Research programs
170:Deep carbon cycle
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649:Emilie Thomassot
604:Craig E. Manning
532:Brown University
515:Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
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