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Deep Ellum, Dallas

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highways' negative influence on those neighborhoods was not reported, and it was a significant reason for the low quality of living for black people. This successfully boosted business in Deep Ellum, but did not last too long. A new highway known as the Central Expressway was started in 1947 and completed by 1949. It departed from Elm town to downtown Dallas and decreased the African-American population. After two decades of debating between the city bureau and residents, most blocks from Deep Elm were removed by the requirement of the city's plan. In 1968, the freeway construction commenced, and most residents were asked to move to other places. As Prior. M (2005) said, "historical communities in Deep Ellum were leveled to the ground because excessive speculation during the period of rising interest rates had caused the 'bubble' of the real estate boom to explode of the 1970s and the 'bust' of the 1980s."
457:(closed late 2005, reopened August 2009), 2826, Club Dada (closed and reopened 2006), The Angry Dog (a restaurant, still in business), Monica's Aca y Alla (a restaurant, closed in 2012), Looker Hair Group (a salon), Galaxy Club (closed early 2007), the Green Room (closed September 2006, reopened 2010, closed 2011, reopened June 2013), and The Red Blood Club (closed and reopened 2007, and then closed again in 2008, and then reopened again in March 2014). Lizard Lounge stood for 28 years as a mecca of electronic music and Goth/post-punk, but closed in May 2020. Dallas Comedy House opened in 2009, closed and reopened in 2019, and closed in 2020. Dallas Comedy Club opened in 2021 in the building formerly occupied by Dallas Comedy House. The area was also host to two local breweries in the 2010s: Deep Ellum Brewing, and BrainDead Brewing (closed in 2021). 420:. In addition to serving as the state headquarters for the Knights, the temple housed some of the city's earliest offices for black doctors, dentists, and lawyers and served as the social and cultural center for the African-American community until the late 1930s. The building was Pittman's largest built work. The building has now been turned into a hotel, becoming the first hotel in modern time to newly operate in Deep Ellum. Historically, there was the Boyd Hotel, located on Elm St. in an unsegregated stretch outside of downtown. The hotel attracted numerous blues players who would become known as some of the early greats, such as Leadbelly and Blind Lemon Jefferson. 328: 678: 832: 336:
together congregated as a freedman's town along the northeastern edge of town. The eventual arrival of a railroad junction in the early 1870s spurred a local economy around the shipping line industry, which led to more families settling in the future Deep Ellum, consisting of a stretch of Elm Street near the railroad junction just outside of town, and about one mile from Freedman's Town. Together, the two areas would become one of the largest African-American communities in the South. The neighborhood traces its beginnings to the meeting point of the
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many African-American artists tried to save Deep Ellum as a historic district, and their efforts worked. The City of Dallas remains two blocks within historical Deep Ellum, though the cultural and historical meaning changed and partially disappeared over time. In the 2000 Census, Dallas had 119,624 residents and African Americans were 20.5% of the total population and 20.2% in 2005. The Census resources from 1970s to 2000s show how African-Americans diminished and disappeared.
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Despite these earlier recordings, they claimed credit for the song. The lyrics narrate white men seeking immoral and illegal entertainment in an African-American part of town. The Shelton Brothers iterated the name of the district in "Deep Elem Blues, No. 2", "What's the Matter with Deep Elem", and "Deep Elm Boogie Woogie Blues". Dick Stabile and his Orchestra, the Texas Wanderers, and the Wilburn Brothers all invoked the district's name in separate Decca pressings.
450:. Restaurants, tattoo parlors, other diverse retail shops, and increasing high-rent residential loft spaces were available. Over time, though, the streets became much emptier on weekend nights than in the 1990s. New events such as the Culture of Deep Ellum (CODE) events, and Dallas Rock Meetup Group monthly festival, involve multivenue, multiband performances that help to maintain Deep Ellum's viability as a live-music hotspot. 54: 71: 953: 4070: 359:
reports derailed their efforts by exposing African Americans’ terrible living conditions. These reports possibly led to higher crime rates and increased prostitution. In 1940, the government started to revise the law to update the city appearance following the national city beautification movement. At the same time, some changes in zoning and rebuilding the “slum” started from 1943 to 1945.
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venues such as Gypsy Tea Room and Trees. Most recently, the 42 mural project invited a select number of artists to paint murals throughout Deep Ellum, in hopes of passing along the history and heritage of the area. In 2021, a 8,500 square foot mural was completed for The Stack office building, becoming one of the largest Deep Ellum murals ever painted.
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grow its place as a cultural and musical center for the DFW Metroplex. Despite the decline of a decade ago, visitors can now walk down Elm Street on a weekend and witness hundreds of pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, and automobiles, with dozens of venues, restaurants, storefronts, and parking lots, even during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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While street art is popular in Deep Ellum, a large portion of the murals in the area are commissioned by local businesses. Some of the most recognizable murals were created by Frank Campagna, owner of Kettle Art Gallery, and alternately known as the Godfather of Dallas Street Art, for legendary music
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Green Line train. In 2009, Campagna led artists in the completion of a mural project along the redesigned Good-Latimer gateway, and subsequently, additional mural projects in the adjacent art park under the I-30 overpass at Good Latimer between Commerce and Canton streets. The wide variety of images,
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The 1990s were a high point for Deep Ellum as Dallas' liveliest entertainment district. At that time, it had become such a popular attraction that the streets often were blocked off to traffic, especially on weekends. It also spawned several events, such as the Deep Ellum Film Festival and Deep Ellum
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railroad track, and the later Texas and Pacific line, and by 1873, the two lines were connected. The railroad junction's historical pre-eminence can still be seen in the surrounding neighborhood, sometimes also called Central Track, the name of which is derived from the rail line. These areas and the
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In 2018, the foundation hired its first senior manager of public safety and security, Phillip Honoré, who collaborated with business owners, residents, and city leaders to improve overall public safety in the popular entertainment and arts district. The Deep Ellum Foundation is a nonprofit 501(c)(3)
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Things began turning around in 2009 and 2010, as evidenced by new bar, live-music venue, and restaurant openings. Some of the recent and planned openings include the relaunch of the near-legendary venue Trees, old favorites such as Club Dada and The Green Room, Tucker's Blues, The Boiler Room, Anvil
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For a time, Deep Ellum struggled with a perception of a high crime rate that made people reluctant to visit the area. In mid-2006, local papers had begun to report the near-demise of the neighborhood, as a large percentage of the long-time live-music venues had closed that year, leaving mostly clubs
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built his first cotton-gin factory, the Continental Gin Company, in a series of brick warehouses along Elm Street and Trunk Avenue in Deep Ellum in 1888. As the business grew to become the largest manufacturer of cotton-processing equipment in the United States, Munger expanded the factory by adding
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Deep Ellum, with its colorful history and unique culture, experienced gentrification in the late 1990s. More affluent white citizens replaced the black community because of increasing property values, which drove many homeowners out of Deep Ellum and into less expensive housing elsewhere. Meanwhile,
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Residents of Deep Ellum north of Commerce Street are zoned to Ignacio Zaragoza Elementary School, Alex W. Spence Middle School and North Dallas High School. Residents south of Commerce Street are zoned to Martin Luther King Jr. Learning Center (Elementary School), Billy Earl Dade Middle School, and
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because there is no bedtime... the only place recorded on earth where business, religion, hoodooism, gambling, and stealing goes on at the same time without friction...Last Saturday a prophet held the best audience in this 'Madison Square Garden' in announcing that Jesus Christ would come to Dallas
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In 2014 and 2015, several projects that improved infrastructure were undertaken, such as a comprehensive repaving of the street and road surfaces to add more parking and make the rough and worn sections of the pavement much better for vehicular and foot traffic. Deep Ellum continues to maintain and
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When the first train came into Dallas in 1872, 500 African-Americans were already living there. Throughout the 1870s, the new railroad provided various positions and opportunities for residents nearby, which thrived as the African-American cultural and residential center since the 1870s. Even some
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had been removed. Businesses closed, residents moved to the suburbs and the music all but stopped. In 1969, a new elevation of Central Expressway truncated Deep Ellum, completely obliterating the 2400 block of Elm Street, viewed by many as the center of the neighborhood. By the 1970s, few original
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In 2017, the Deep Ellum Foundation established a public-safety program to address crime and safety concerns within the neighborhood. The addition of Dallas Police Department supervisors and officers during the area's busiest hours has led the way in making Deep Ellum a safer place for all who work
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were playing at local galleries. With the insurgence of new nightclubs and venues, Deep Ellum began to explode as a local music spot. However, throughout the mid '80s, the neighborhood still faced serious safety issues, one of which being the overwhelming presence of skinheads, but as Deep Ellum
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The most famous song about the district was recorded in 1933 under the title of "Deep Elm Blues" by the Lone Star Cowboys. The song and the lyrics were derived from the Georgia Crackers’ 1927 recording, "The Georgia Black Bottom". The Shelton Brothers recorded "Deep Elem Blues" on Decca in 1935.
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During the period of the Great Depression in the 1930s, African Americans received assistance from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which positively influenced the area. Although African-American neighborhoods pulled together during these hard times, some negative
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In 1912, the concept of "highways" first entered the American consciousness. Based on support from the government of Dallas, new highways were designed at a rapid rate. In the early 1940s, the railway was torn out with strong reproach from the residents, causing problems for them. However, the
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In 1983, the Near East Side Area Planning Study, or "Deep Ellum Plan", was revealed to the public. The city planned to "downzone" Deep Ellum, meaning that building height, population, and street width were to be carefully monitored so as to help the neighborhood maintain an artistic, historic
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After earning independence as a free nation from Mexico in 1836, Texas remained autonomous for nearly a decade, when the United States officially annexed the nation in December 1845. After slavery was abolished nationwide, many freed slaves from Texas and nearby states arrived in Dallas and
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In 2018, scooter companies flooded Deep Ellum with scooters and the city was not prepared to regulate them, leading to a public-safety issue due to people riding them on the crowded sidewalk. Motorized scooters are no longer allowed to be ridden in the neighborhood on the sidewalks.
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corporation that exists to enhance, improve, and market the neighborhood of Deep Ellum as a whole through public safety, marketing and promotion, business development and recruitment, and general improvement efforts for the area. Reviews on the foundation's progress are mixed.
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Prior, M., & Kemper, R. (2005). From Freedman's Town to Uptown: Community Transformation And GentrifĂ­cation In Dallas, Texas. Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 34(2/3), 177-216. Retrieved from
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selected Deep Ellum as the site for one of his earliest automobile plants. Designed by architect John Graham, who designed many regional facilities for Ford during the early 1900s, the building was constructed as an assembly plant for the famous
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atmosphere. Artists and musicians began to move into the area, opening up new galleries and venues, attracting young creatives to the area. Over the course of the 1980s, Deep Ellum became well known as a hot-spot for the Dallas Punk Scene.
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The area then was in a state of positive transition and on the upswing. In 2007, the City of Dallas encouraged large-scale residential, multifamily dwelling construction in Deep Ellum, in hopes of making it more financially successful.
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oriented more towards hip hop and other music, dancing, and drinking, and radically altering the "feel". In 2007, several additional small and medium clubs had closed, although new live-music venues often sprang up.
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Govenar, A. B., & Brakefield, J. F. (1998). Deep Ellum and Central Track : where the black and white worlds of Dallas converged. Alan B. Govenar and Jay F. Brakefield. University of North Texas Press. P.
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Following World War II, the success of Deep Ellum started to fade. The ever-growing availability and use of the automobile led to the removal of the Houston and Texas Central railroad tracks—to make way for
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Govenar, A. B., & Brakefield, J. F. (2013). Deep Ellum : the other side of Dallas. 1st Texas A&M University Press ed. Alan Govenar and Jay Brakefield. Texas A&M University Press.
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tunnel (a major entry to the neighborhood) in a project organized by artist Frank Campagna, which he named TunnelVisions. The tunnel was demolished in the spring of 2007 to make way for the
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In 2019, crime in Deep Ellum had a slight increase in minor crimes after years of improvement. Until the summer of that year, several crimes in the area were reported and prosecuted.
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moved into the four-story brick and terracotta structure in 1959. The Dallas Landmark was converted to loft apartments in 1997, adding yet another layer of history to the building.
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began to gain prominence as not only local successes, but national stars. Once Deep Ellum had gained traction as the heart of music in Dallas, popular touring artists such as
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Perhaps the most known and tragic crime associated with the area that garnered nationwide attention was the murder of two children by their father. On May 2, 2001,
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in Deep Ellum clubs such as The Harlem and The Palace. From 1920 to 1950, the number of nightclubs, cafes, and domino parlors in Deep Ellum jumped from 12 to 20.
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Other Dallas landmarks within Deep Ellum include The Palace Shop at 2814 Main Street (around 1913) and Parks Brothers Warehouse at 2639 Elm Street (around 1923).
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Deep Ellum's claim to fame has been its music. By the 1920s, the neighborhood had become a hotbed for early jazz and blues musicians, hosting the likes of
1650: 1392: 412:, also known as the Union Bankers Trust Building, is located at 2551 Elm Street. Opened in 1916, the building was designed by African-American architect 389:
additional structures along Trunk and Elm in 1912 and 1914. A Dallas Landmark District, the industrial complex was converted to loft apartments in 1997.
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in person in 1939. At the same time a pickpocket was lifting a week's wages from another guy's pocket, who stood with open mouth to hear the prophecy.
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In May 2020, several businesses in Deep Ellum were vandalized and looted following a protest in downtown Dallas. A peaceful protest following the
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connecting downtown segment of Elm St. across the dividing, dry Trinity River bed, together, likely retain the most distinct history in Dallas.
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US Census Bureau. (2017, January 11). Population Change for Places With Populations of 50,000 : 2000 to 2010. Retrieved from
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Notable businesses of the 1990s and beyond include The Curtain Club (closed in 2019), Deep Ellum Live (closed in 2004),
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got together and began composing folk tunes, with Dallas often in the lyrics. In a song called "Take A Whiff on Me":
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James Madison High School. Residents of the southern portion were previously zoned to City Park Elementary School in
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continued to expand, the threats dwindled. By 1991, over 50 nightclubs and bars had opened in Deep Ellum, including
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Phillips, William H. (1994). "Making a Business of It: The Evolution of Southern Cotton Gin Patenting, 1831-1890".
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turned violent when a small group clashed with police, broke out windows, looted businesses, and set fires.
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JOHNSON, E. (2014). From Harlem to SoHo: Perceptions of Deep Ellum. Legacies, 26(2), 28.
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have all previously passed through parts of Deep Ellum, but are now routed onto nearby freeways.)
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theaters and entertainment areas were constructed for neighborhoods in the 1890s.
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John Battaglia, Texas death row inmate who killed daughters, loses latest appeal
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https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/cph-series/cph-t/cph-t-3.html
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Deep Ellum sidewalk covered with snow during the mid-February 2021 winter storm
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In addition to live music, Deep Ellum was a hotbed for the emerging genre of
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largely in a 'graffiti' style, have long been a popular tourist attraction.
843:. Many of the music venues used graffiti artists to advertise music shows. 742: 738: 726: 573: 557: 553: 447: 402: 233: 1840: 1760: 1320:"Dallas City Council Addendum from 9 April 2008 § Deep Ellum TIF District" 1027: 1014: 569: 565: 561: 259: 238: 1802: 1243:"Longtime Deep Ellum Comedy Venue to Reopen With a New Name and Mission" 1095: 846:
In 1991, the city commissioned local artists to create murals along the
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shops, clothing stores, the Cotton Club, tattoo studios, barber-shops,
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murdered his daughters Faith and Liberty in his loft in Deep Ellum.
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Govenar, Alan; Brakefield, Jay (2013). "William Sidney Pittman".
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Payne, Darwin (1982). "Chapter VI: The Spirit of Enterprise".
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Neighborhood in Dallas County, Texas, United States of America
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Populated places in Texas established by African Americans
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Pub, and La Grange (now punk-rock hotspot Three Links).
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Oh, sweet mama, your daddy's got them Deep Ellum Blues.
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Oh, sweet mama, your daddy's got them Deep Ellum Blues.
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Headlines about Downtown Dallas and Deep Ellum from
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The neighborhood lies directly east of the elevated
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Retrieved 2016-06-21. 1574:Govenar and Brakefield (2013), pp. 17–20. 1026: 959:serves residents north of Commerce Street 819:Learn how and when to remove this message 705:During the 1990s, musical acts including 1583:Govenar and Brakefield (2013), p. 25–26. 940:Baylor University Medical Center Station 1614: 1612: 1085: 1083: 1000:"TSHA | Freedmantown/North Dallas" 991: 543:... one spot in the city that needs no 231: 193: 158: 62: 50: 4112:Dallas Parks and Recreation Department 1808:History of Deep Ellum compiled by the 1798:DEBO (Deep Ellum Buskers Organization) 1793:DEAO (Deep Ellum Artists Organization) 363:Highway's influence towards Deep Ellum 1732:zones. Retrieved on October 21, 2019. 1593:Maxwell, Lisa C. (November 1, 2015). 753:would book shows at venues including 673:1983–1999: "Glory Days of Deep Ellum" 616:Walked up Ellum an' I come down Main, 248: 221: 211: 201: 7: 3606:Presidio Towne Crossing (Fort Worth) 1761:"Dallas - Downtown, East, Oak Cliff" 1618:Freedman, Pete (November 13, 2011). 1178:Deep Ellum: The Other Side of Dallas 835:Murals along the Good Latimer Tunnel 552:At the time, you could find gun and 446:By 1991, Deep Ellum had 57 bars and 2998:Kings Highway Conservation District 715:Edie Brickell and the New Bohemians 1436:"Sidewalk Riding Prohibition Area" 1267:Spera, Maddie (January 27, 2022). 965:Dallas Independent School District 137: 107: 77: 25: 3621:Tanger Outlet Center (Fort Worth) 1215:Gravley, Garrett (May 14, 2020). 620:Ho, Ho, baby, take a whiff on me. 27:Neighborhood in Dallas, Texas, US 4356:Neighborhoods in Old East Dallas 4351:Entertainment districts in Texas 4068: 3878: 3765:Belz Factory Outlet Mall (Allen) 1708:. Retrieved on October 21, 2019. 1241:Shey, Brittanie (May 20, 2021). 891: 882: 873: 773: 136: 129: 106: 99: 76: 69: 52: 3442:Grand Prairie Premium Outlets ( 1391:Rockey, Daniel (May 26, 2020). 689:According to Murray Hammond of 640:'Cause them Women on Deep Ellum 636:When you go down on Deep Ellum, 3806:Outlet Mall of America (Plano) 2602:Merriman Park/University Manor 2225:Merriman Park/University Manor 2073:Swiss Avenue Historic District 2063:Munger Place Historic District 1552:Dallas, an illustrated history 1: 4234:North Texas Tollway Authority 4035:Southwestern Medical District 2908:Southwestern Medical District 978:Deep Ellum is also home to a 150:Show map of the United States 4346:Neighborhoods in East Dallas 3624:University Park (Fort Worth) 1156:"History – Deep Ellum Texas" 963:Deep Ellum is served by the 638:Put your money in your socks 1826:September 27, 2009, at the 799:the claims made and adding 4377: 1931:West End Historic District 1906:Convention Center District 1698:Zaragoza Elementary School 1637:Urban Exploration Resource 4305: 4066: 3897: 3258: 3245: 3208: 3195: 3143: 3130: 3068: 3055: 2943: 2930: 2868: 2855: 2527:Joe's Creek/Walnut Garden 2355: 2342: 2125: 2112: 1961: 1948: 1891: 1878: 1202:"Black History in Dallas" 410:Knights of Pythias Temple 338:Houston and Texas Central 159: 63: 58:Main Street in Deep Ellum 51: 44: 18:Deep Ellum, Dallas, Texas 3718:The Shops at Willow Bend 2978:Kessler Neighbors United 2918:The Gables at Royal Lane 2567:Lake Ridge Estates North 2068:Peak's Suburban Addition 1803:Deep Ellum Arts Festival 1043:"TSHA | Deep Ellum" 980:charter secondary school 957:North Dallas High School 489:and visit in the area. 198:United States of America 4239:Trinity Railway Express 3800:Northtown Mall (Dallas) 3683:Allen Premium Outlets ( 3476:Prestonwood Town Center 3168:Everglade Park Division 2702:Royal Highlands Village 2280:Royal Highlands Village 2140:Boundbrook Oaks Estates 1911:Farmers Market District 1872:Neighborhoods in Dallas 1835:The Dallas Morning News 1633:"The Deep Ellum Tunnel" 1306:The Dallas Morning News 1013:Velin, Gabriel (2010). 848:Good-Latimer Expressway 3816:Richardson Square Mall 3747:Tanger Outlet Center ( 3690:Fairview Town Center ( 3616:The Shops at Clearfork 3556:The Parks at Arlington 3488:The Shops at Park Lane 2754:The Downs of Hillcrest 2547:Lake Highlands Estates 2435:Elm Thicket-North Park 2320:Woodlands on the Creek 2205:Lake Highlands Estates 1747:June 20, 2007, at the 1299:July 16, 2015, at the 960: 836: 682: 648: 622: 550: 505:murder of George Floyd 439: 427:Entertainment district 414:William Sidney Pittman 381:Industrial development 332: 3546:Southlake Town Square 3482:Southwest Center Mall 3450:Highland Park Village 3386:Firewheel Town Center 2862:Northwest Dallas 2794:Waterford on the Park 2727:Sparkman Club Estates 2642:Oak Highlands Estates 2607:Merriman Park Estates 2557:Lake Highlands Square 2265:Richland Park Estates 2215:Lake Highlands Square 2150:Copperfield Community 1702:Alex W. Spence Middle 1661:on September 13, 2015 1506:Giles Oakley (1997). 1028:10.12794/tef.2010.154 955: 834: 735:Red Hot Chili Peppers 680: 669:businesses remained. 610:Blind Lemon Jefferson 522:Blind Lemon Jefferson 434: 345:Economics development 330: 275:is a neighborhood of 251: â€˘ Summer ( 179:32.78444°N 96.78056°W 3945:Bishop Arts District 3940:Asian Trade District 3795:North Richland Hills 3651:Golden Triangle Mall 3579:Alliance Town Center 3308:Westmoreland Heights 3078:International Center 3023:Stevens Park Village 3018:Stevens Park Estates 2983:Kessler Park Estates 2953:Bishop Arts District 2878:Asian Trade District 2682:Preston Hollow North 2552:Lake Highlands North 2300:Walnut Creek Estates 2210:Lake Highlands North 1921:Main Street District 1901:City Center District 1722:King Learning Center 1696:- Current zones for 1651:"Deep Ellum Tunnels" 1336:on November 13, 2012 1122:Agricultural History 747:The Notorious B.I.G. 681:Deep Ellum Neon Sign 653:Rough and Rowdy Ways 545:daylight saving time 418:Booker T. Washington 354:Fading of Deep Ellum 4310:All Dallas articles 4282:Arlington Renegades 3708:The Shops at Legacy 3628:West 7th Fort Worth 3470:Mockingbird Station 3137:Pleasant Grove 2577:Les Jardens Estates 2517:Inwood Road Estates 2467:Glen Meadow Estates 2452:Forestcrest Estates 2360:Alexander's Village 2230:Merriman Park North 2135:Alexander's Village 2119:Lake Highlands 2038:Little Forest Hills 1916:Government District 1789:, October 30, 2007. 1486:www.bizjournals.com 1372:on October 29, 2012 1204:. February 5, 2021. 184:32.78444; -96.78056 175: /  3835:Valley View Center 2774:University Meadows 2562:Lake Ridge Estates 2325:University Terrace 2295:Royal Lane Village 2220:Lake Ridge Estates 2190:High Oaks Addition 2080:Old Lake Highlands 1976:Casa Linda Estates 1443:Dallascityhall.com 961: 935:Deep Ellum Station 837: 784:possibly contains 683: 662:Central Expressway 650:Bob Dylan's album 600:. Sometime around 440: 333: 4333: 4332: 4272:Dallas Trinity FC 3844: 3843: 3775:Collin Creek Mall 3740:Crossroads Mall ( 3698:Stonebriar Centre 3637: 3636: 3503: 3502: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3288:Ledbetter Gardens 3241: 3240: 3202:South Dallas 3191: 3190: 3148:Piedmont Addition 3126: 3125: 3051: 3050: 2973:Kessler Highlands 2958:East Kessler Park 2926: 2925: 2913:Stemmons Corridor 2851: 2850: 2831:Preston Highlands 2804:White Rock Valley 2732:Stonewall Terrace 2662:Platinum Corridor 2632:Northwood Heights 2587:Mayflower Estates 2497:Hillcrest Estates 2447:Estates of Avalon 2349:North Dallas 2338: 2337: 2310:White Rock Valley 2245:Northwood Heights 2108: 2107: 2018:Lake Park Estates 2013:Hollywood Heights 1944: 1943: 1706:North Dallas High 1683:. March 16, 2021. 1529:978-0-306-80743-5 1510:The Devil's Music 1292:Mervosh, Sarah. " 1187:978-1-60344-958-8 1019:The Eagle Feather 829: 828: 821: 786:original research 731:Smashing Pumpkins 664:—and by 1956 the 592:, and sellers of 532:" Ledbetter, and 270: 269: 120:Show map of Texas 16:(Redirected from 4368: 4262:Dallas Mavericks 4072: 4005:Lower Greenville 3883: 3882: 3881: 3871: 3864: 3857: 3848: 3810:Prestonwood Mall 3791:North Hills Mall 3661:Vista Ridge Mall 3601:Montgomery Plaza 3514: 3460:Hillside Village 3416:NorthPark Center 3376: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3324: 3252:West Dallas 3247: 3197: 3153:Buckner Terrance 3132: 3057: 3038:Winnetka Heights 2932: 2857: 2816:Far North Dallas 2742:Telecom Corridor 2717:Royalwood Estate 2597:Melshire Estates 2502:Hillcrest Forest 2400:Churchill Pointe 2375:Bradford Estates 2344: 2305:Whispering Hills 2255:Oak Tree Village 2185:Highland Meadows 2160:Forest Highlands 2114: 2100:Wilshire Heights 2085:Parkdale Heights 2043:Lower Greenville 2028:Lakewood Heights 1955:East Dallas 1950: 1926:Reunion District 1880: 1865: 1858: 1851: 1842: 1783:Deep Ellum Blues 1769: 1768: 1765:Uplift Education 1757: 1751: 1739: 1733: 1715: 1709: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1657:. Archived from 1647: 1641: 1640: 1629: 1623: 1616: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1547: 1534: 1533: 1513: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1470:. June 26, 2019. 1460: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1440: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1424:. July 13, 2019. 1414: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1371: 1365:. Archived from 1363:Dallas City Hall 1360: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1335: 1329:. Archived from 1327:Dallas City Hall 1324: 1316: 1310: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1117: 1111: 1104: 1098: 1087: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1066: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1030: 1010: 1004: 1003: 996: 895: 886: 877: 824: 817: 813: 810: 804: 801:inline citations 777: 776: 769: 759:The Bomb Factory 568:, loan offices, 386:Robert S. Munger 256: 190: 189: 187: 186: 185: 180: 176: 173: 172: 171: 168: 151: 140: 139: 133: 121: 110: 109: 103: 91: 80: 79: 73: 56: 35: 21: 4376: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4301: 4243: 4219:DART light rail 4215:(rapid transit) 4174: 4116: 4073: 4064: 3975:Exposition Park 3965:Design District 3926: 3893: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3845: 3840: 3754: 3723: 3670: 3633: 3565: 3536:North East Mall 3526:Grapevine Mills 3499: 3431: 3396:Galleria Dallas 3365: 3351: 3321: 3312: 3303:Western Heights 3254: 3237: 3223:Exposition Park 3204: 3187: 3173:Pemberton Hills 3139: 3122: 3064: 3047: 2939: 2922: 2888:Design District 2864: 2847: 2712:Royal Northaven 2697:Royal Highlands 2672:Preston Citadel 2637:Northwood Hills 2440:Shannon Estates 2380:Brookshire Park 2351: 2334: 2275:Royal Highlands 2121: 2104: 2053:Old East Dallas 2033:Lakewood Trails 2001:Greenland Hills 1957: 1940: 1887: 1874: 1869: 1828:Wayback Machine 1810:Dallas Observer 1787:Southern Spaces 1778: 1773: 1772: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1749:Wayback Machine 1740: 1736: 1716: 1712: 1692: 1688: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1617: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1549: 1548: 1537: 1530: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1447: 1445: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1416: 1415: 1411: 1401: 1399: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1301:Wayback Machine 1291: 1287: 1277: 1275: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1221:Dallas Observer 1214: 1213: 1209: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1188: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1105: 1101: 1088: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1060: 1054: 1050: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1012: 1011: 1007: 998: 997: 993: 988: 950: 921: 870: 865: 825: 814: 808: 805: 790: 778: 774: 767: 675: 645: 643: 641: 639: 637: 619: 617: 578:pigeon droppers 518: 513: 463: 443:Arts Festival. 429: 383: 374: 365: 356: 347: 325: 320: 308:Exposition Park 250: 183: 181: 177: 174: 169: 166: 164: 162: 161: 155: 154: 153: 152: 149: 148: 147: 146: 145: 141: 124: 123: 122: 119: 118: 117: 116: 115: 111: 94: 93: 92: 90:Show map of DFW 89: 88: 87: 86: 85: 81: 59: 47: 40: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4374: 4372: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4320:State of Texas 4317: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4297:Dallas Jackals 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4257:Dallas Cowboys 4253: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4229:M-Line Trolley 4226: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4205: 4195: 4184: 4182: 4180:Transportation 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4083: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4040:Trinity Groves 4037: 4032: 4030:Preston Hollow 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3995:Lake Highlands 3992: 3990:Knox-Henderson 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3936: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3866: 3859: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3838: 3832: 3829:Six Flags Mall 3826: 3823: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3788: 3785:Forum 303 Mall 3782: 3772: 3766: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3735: 3733:Kaufman County 3725: 3724: 3722: 3721: 3715: 3705: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3658: 3647: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3575: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3553: 3543: 3533: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3509:Tarrant County 3505: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3457: 3447: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3422:Town East Mall 3419: 3413: 3403: 3393: 3382: 3380: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3354:Shopping malls 3352: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3233:Wheatley Place 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3163:Pleasant Mound 3160: 3155: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2993:Kessler Square 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2963:Highland Hills 2960: 2955: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2937:Oak Cliff 2935: 2928: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2893:Highland Place 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873:Arlington Park 2869: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2779:Vickery Meadow 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2722:Russwood Acres 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2692:Rolling Trails 2689: 2687:Ridgewood Park 2684: 2679: 2677:Preston Hollow 2674: 2669: 2667:Preston Center 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2627:Northaven Park 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2592:McShan Estates 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2492:Highlands West 2489: 2484: 2479: 2477:Greenway Parks 2474: 2472:Greenway Crest 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2410:Cochran Chapel 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2390:Caruth Terrace 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2270:Rolling Trails 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2195:Jackson Meadow 2192: 2187: 2182: 2180:Highlands West 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2155:Country Forest 2152: 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" 1777: 1776:External links 1774: 1771: 1770: 1752: 1734: 1710: 1686: 1672: 1642: 1624: 1608: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1560: 1535: 1528: 1498: 1473: 1455: 1427: 1409: 1383: 1347: 1311: 1285: 1259: 1233: 1207: 1193: 1186: 1168: 1147: 1112: 1099: 1079: 1070: 1058: 1048: 1034: 1005: 990: 989: 987: 984: 949: 946: 945: 944: 943: 942: 937: 920: 917: 901: 900: 879:Interstate 345 869: 866: 864: 863:Transportation 861: 827: 826: 781: 779: 772: 766: 763: 674: 671: 666:streetcar line 526:Robert Johnson 517: 516:Jazz and blues 514: 512: 509: 471:John Battaglia 462: 459: 428: 425: 382: 379: 373: 370: 364: 361: 355: 352: 346: 343: 324: 321: 319: 316: 268: 267: 257: 247: 246: 236: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 157: 156: 143: 142: 135: 134: 128: 127: 126: 125: 113: 112: 105: 104: 98: 97: 96: 95: 83: 82: 75: 74: 68: 67: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 57: 49: 48: 45: 42: 41: 38: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4373: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 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3404: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3371:Dallas County 3368: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3343: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3093:Perry Heights 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3062:Oak Lawn 3058: 3054: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2988:Kessler Plaza 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 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Wings 4267:Dallas Stars 4170:1996–present 4097:City Council 4055:Victory Park 4045:Turtle Creek 3985:Kessler Park 3959: 3630:(Fort Worth) 3618:(Fort Worth) 3612:(Fort Worth) 3610:Ridgmar Mall 3603:(Fort Worth) 3597:(Fort Worth) 3591:(Fort Worth) 3494:West Village 3118:West Village 3113:Victory Park 3103:Turtle Creek 3098:State Thomas 3033:Western Park 3028:West Kessler 2968:Kidd Springs 2948:Arcadia Park 2809:Windsor Park 2657:Pebble Creek 2622:Moss Meadows 2487:High Hollows 2395:Chapel Downs 2385:Caruth Hills 2260:Pebble Creek 2240:Moss Meadows 2145:Chimney Hill 2130:Abrams Place 2095:Santa Monica 1996:Forest Hills 1985: 1834: 1821:Deep Addison 1809: 1786: 1764: 1755: 1737: 1713: 1689: 1675: 1663:. Retrieved 1659:the original 1654: 1645: 1636: 1627: 1599:. Retrieved 1595:"DEEP ELLUM" 1588: 1579: 1570: 1551: 1509: 1501: 1489:. Retrieved 1485: 1476: 1467: 1458: 1446:. Retrieved 1442: 1430: 1421: 1412: 1402:February 11, 1400:. Retrieved 1397:Eater Dallas 1396: 1386: 1374:. Retrieved 1367:the original 1362: 1350: 1338:. Retrieved 1331:the original 1326: 1314: 1304: 1288: 1276:. Retrieved 1272: 1262: 1250:. Retrieved 1247:Eater Dallas 1246: 1236: 1224:. Retrieved 1220: 1210: 1196: 1177: 1171: 1159:. 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Daniel 2826:Meadow Glen 2789:Walnut Hill 2764:The Village 2759:The Meadows 2737:Stults Road 2707:Royal Hills 2652:Park Forest 2542:Lake Forest 2425:Coral Hills 2420:Copperfield 2285:Stults Road 1971:Bryan Place 1726:Dade Middle 1422:Dallas News 899:connection) 711:Erykah Badu 602:World War I 590:card sharps 372:Later story 312:Bryan Place 285:East Dallas 182: / 4340:Categories 4198:Love Field 4079:Government 3960:Deep Ellum 3950:Casa Linda 3820:Richardson 3771:(Mesquite) 3742:Greenville 3665:Lewisville 3589:Hulen Mall 3583:Fort Worth 3571:Fort Worth 3518:Mid-Cities 3464:Cedar Hill 3362:Fort Worth 3263:Eagle Ford 3003:Lake Cliff 2903:Love Field 2841:Timberglen 2769:Town Creek 2747:Richardson 2462:Glen Lakes 2430:Devonshire 2315:Woodbridge 2290:Town Creek 1986:Deep Ellum 1730:Madison HS 1718:Dallas ISD 1694:Dallas ISD 1518:. p.  1278:August 11, 1273:D Magazine 1252:August 11, 1161:August 10, 986:References 930:Green Line 841:street art 793:improve it 765:Street art 606:Lead Belly 588:shooters, 574:pool halls 562:drugstores 558:pawn shops 530:Lead Belly 528:, Huddie " 448:nightclubs 394:Henry Ford 323:Early days 298:(unsigned 273:Deep Ellum 170:96°46′50″W 167:32°47′04″N 144:Deep Ellum 114:Deep Ellum 84:Deep Ellum 39:Deep Ellum 4277:FC Dallas 4224:Streetcar 4202:Southwest 4165:1986–1995 4160:1975–1985 4155:1946–1974 4150:1930–1945 4145:1874–1929 4140:1856–1873 4135:1839–1855 4015:Oak Cliff 3980:Fair Park 3922:Landmarks 3917:Education 3890:Metroplex 3560:Arlington 3550:Southlake 3530:Grapevine 3364:metroplex 3293:Los Altos 3283:Lake West 3268:La Bajada 3228:Fair Park 3158:Urbandale 3083:Knox Park 3073:Cityplace 3043:Wynnewood 2821:Bent Tree 2617:Moss Farm 2572:Lane Park 2537:L Streets 2370:Bluffview 2235:Moss Farm 2200:L Streets 2170:Glen Oaks 2006:M Streets 1981:Casa View 1742:City Park 1601:August 3, 1134:0002-1482 948:Education 797:verifying 743:The Roots 739:Radiohead 727:Pearl Jam 598:marijuana 566:tea rooms 554:locksmith 403:Adam Hats 392:In 1914, 234:Time zone 4208:Freeways 4192:American 4130:Pre-1838 4060:West End 4020:Oak Lawn 4000:Lakewood 3970:Downtown 3884:City of 3837:(Dallas) 3812:(Dallas) 3692:Fairview 3496:(Dallas) 3490:(Dallas) 3484:(Dallas) 3478:(Dallas) 3472:(Dallas) 3426:Mesquite 3418:(Dallas) 3379:Regional 2647:Pagewood 2512:Hockaday 2507:Hillside 2048:Lochwood 2023:Lakewood 1991:Eastwood 1885:Downtown 1824:Archived 1745:Archived 1665:June 23, 1491:June 22, 1448:July 23, 1376:June 23, 1340:June 23, 1297:Archived 1096:40553482 868:Highways 719:Old 97's 691:Old 97's 281:downtown 260:UTC-5:00 239:UTC-6:00 4122:History 3912:Climate 3907:Culture 3759:Defunct 3749:Terrell 3720:(Plano) 3714:(Plano) 3390:Garland 3278:La Loma 3013:Redbird 2883:Bachman 2582:Lobello 2522:Jan Mar 2365:Bachman 1966:Belmont 1226:June 2, 1142:3744404 791:Please 723:Nirvana 707:Toadies 594:cocaine 572:halls, 438:in 2017 318:History 195:Country 4249:Sports 4102:Police 4050:Uptown 3955:Cedars 3902:People 3886:Dallas 3702:Frisco 3655:Denton 3410:Irving 3400:Dallas 3358:Dallas 3298:Muncie 3218:Cedars 3213:Bonton 3183:Scyene 3108:Uptown 2836:Renner 1728:, and 1558:  1526:  1184:  1140:  1132:  1094:  973:Cedars 919:Trains 913:US 175 911:, and 751:Fugazi 749:, and 582:reefer 570:domino 227:Dallas 213:County 4087:Mayor 3779:Plano 3685:Allen 3540:Hurst 3436:Local 3178:Rylie 3088:LoMac 1439:(PDF) 1370:(PDF) 1359:(PDF) 1334:(PDF) 1323:(PDF) 1138:JSTOR 1092:JSTOR 909:US 80 905:US 67 888:US 75 586:craps 584:men, 511:Music 461:Crime 455:Trees 436:Trees 300:I-345 296:US 75 207:Texas 203:State 4213:DART 4091:List 3731:and 3729:Hunt 1667:2014 1603:2018 1556:ISBN 1524:ISBN 1493:2020 1450:2019 1404:2021 1378:2014 1342:2014 1280:2022 1254:2022 1228:2020 1182:ISBN 1163:2020 1130:ISSN 926:DART 897:I-45 852:DART 757:and 717:and 608:and 596:and 408:The 304:Main 292:I-45 223:City 1785:", 1303:". 1023:doi 795:by 283:in 264:CDT 253:DST 243:CST 4342:: 3710:/ 1763:. 1724:, 1720:- 1704:, 1700:, 1653:. 1635:. 1611:^ 1538:^ 1522:. 1520:67 1514:. 1484:. 1466:. 1441:. 1420:. 1395:. 1361:. 1325:. 1271:. 1245:. 1219:. 1136:. 1126:68 1124:. 1082:^ 1061:^ 1021:. 1017:. 975:. 967:. 907:, 761:. 745:, 741:, 737:, 733:, 729:, 725:, 713:, 709:, 702:. 632:: 604:, 580:, 564:, 560:, 524:, 314:. 4204:) 4194:) 4093:) 4089:( 3892:) 3888:( 3870:e 3863:t 3856:v 3822:) 3818:( 3797:) 3793:( 3781:) 3777:( 3751:) 3744:) 3704:) 3700:( 3694:) 3687:) 3667:) 3663:( 3657:) 3653:( 3585:) 3581:( 3562:) 3558:( 3552:) 3548:( 3542:) 3538:( 3532:) 3528:( 3466:) 3462:( 3456:) 3452:( 3446:) 3428:) 3424:( 3412:) 3408:( 3402:) 3398:( 3392:) 3388:( 3360:/ 3346:e 3339:t 3332:v 1864:e 1857:t 1850:v 1767:. 1669:. 1639:. 1605:. 1564:. 1532:. 1495:. 1452:. 1406:. 1380:. 1344:. 1282:. 1256:. 1230:. 1190:. 1165:. 1144:. 1110:. 1056:3 1045:. 1031:. 1025:: 1002:. 903:( 890:/ 881:( 822:) 816:( 811:) 807:( 789:. 294:/ 266:) 262:( 255:) 245:) 241:( 20:)

Index

Deep Ellum, Dallas, Texas
Main Street in Deep Ellum
Deep Ellum is located in DFW
Deep Ellum is located in Texas
Deep Ellum is located in the United States
32°47′04″N 96°46′50″W / 32.78444°N 96.78056°W / 32.78444; -96.78056
Texas
Dallas County
Dallas
Time zone
UTC-6:00
CST
DST
UTC-5:00
CDT
Dallas, Texas
downtown
East Dallas
I-45
US 75
I-345
Main
Exposition Park
Bryan Place

Houston and Texas Central
Robert S. Munger
Henry Ford
Ford Model T
Adam Hats

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