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from the
General Motors plant in nearby Oshawa. Some of the farmers who had helped with construction also joined the plant once it became operational. Male workers at DIL included several men who were highly-educated in engineering or sciences, or were skilled tradesmen. In addition, DIL also hired several men who had been deemed medically unfit to serve in the armed forces. However, these workers were not sufficient to run the plant at its maximum potential. The government had difficulty finding male workers, as many men were serving as soldiers in the war, and several others were engaged in other war industries in the nearby cities like Toronto. Consequently, DIL started hiring women, many of whose husbands were fighting as soldiers in Europe. Women were said to be more suitable for shell-filling because of their "small hands, patience, and attention to detail for repetitive work".
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of these women for its
Pickering Works plant, promising them train fare, affordable lodgings and meals. DIL classified potential women workers into four categories, listed in order of most suitable to least suitable: single women and young girls for full-time work, childless married women without home responsibilities for full-time work, childless married women with home responsibilities for part-time work, and women with children for part-time work. Ultimately, unable to find enough workers, DIL offered jobs even to the women with children, who were considered least suitable. No such categorization was done for potential male candidates.
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prospective women workers by telephone, and also visited places across Canada to hire women workers. Many women saw the job as an opportunity show their patriotism, to earn money, and to see another part of Canada. DIL arranged for the recruited women to travel to
Toronto Union Station by train, and from there, to the Pickering Township by a bus. The government would pay for their return home only if they served at the plant for three months or more. The recruits had to undergo two medical examinations and two background checks (by
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1171:, a semi-monthly newsletter, was published from May 1942 until the end of the war. As a government publication, it was "designed to regulate employee attitudes and behaviour", encouraging them to work towards the war effort. For example, when the Allies neared victory in 1943, the government was concerned about a decline in patriotic attitude and was concerned about losing female workers, who were considering other lucrative job opportunities. At that time,
318:-filling plant and associated buildings on the land. Around 2000 carpenters and helpers were involved in the construction. The spring rains made the former farmland muddy, causing the heavy construction equipment to get stuck in the ground. The Government hired the local farmers (including the ones whose lands had been expropriated) to haul lumber. Several farmers bought their own tools and became carpenters on the project.
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built in two rows, with a gravel road separating them. The compound was surrounded by an 8-foot fence with three lines of barbed wire. Each residence had a middle-aged woman as its supervisor, called the "housemother". The site of the women's compound was later used for building the
Parkside Public School (which no longer exists) and St. Andrews Community Centre (located at Kings Cres and Exter Rd).
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in the World War II seemed assured and the demand for shells declined further. In the summer of 1945, all production lines were abandoned, and most of the workers were dismissed. A few worked until the summer of 1946, for tasks such as compiling an operating procedures manual, identifying records to be retained, destroying the other records, dismantling the equipment, and cleaning up the plant.
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were taken to the site in a truck. At the site, the construction workers assembled the panels to build the floors, walls, partitions, ceilings and roofs of the homes. The houses were not built to last: the plan was to dismantle them after the war, and possibly to ship them to the United
Kingdom, to provide shelter for people who had lost their homes during the German bombing.
383:. The five largest buildings were warehouses with railway lines running through them. They were large enough to accommodate a locomotive and several boxcars, and had massive double doors to allow the trains to enter. Explosive materials used in production arrived at DIL by train. The goods produced at DIL reached the port cities of Montreal and Halifax by train.
307:, and directly selected the firm of Carter-Halls-Aldinger as the general contractor. By the end of February, the contractors had erected their single-storey frame office buildings, just north of the present-day Ajax Town Hall. Meanwhile, the survey crews started marking the locations for the planned buildings, roadways, and a seven-
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frame structure from the United Church. It was set up on east side of
Harwood Ave, on a provided by farmer William Heron for one dollar. On January 31, 1943, the Ajax Church was dedicated at the site. It was not large enough to accommodate all the parishioners, some of whom had to observe ceremonies from outside the doors.
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Three copies of manuals were distributed to the CIL, the
Ontario government, and the Public Archives of Canada. The material from dismantled buildings was sold to contractors, and was used for new construction within Ajax. For example, the material from the Arbor Lodge was used to build three houses.
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In 1941, the DIL Hospital opened with 12 treatment beds. Its frame building was located at the intersection of Kings
Crescent and Exeter Road; the site was later occupied by the Salvation Army Citadel. By 1943, the number of beds had increased to 32, including 10 that could be used for isolation. The
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besides some dormitories, and rented them to the workers. In 1942, the WHL and the
Township of Pickering reached an agreement regarding Ajax. According to this agreement, WHL was responsible for constructing houses and for servicing the land with water, sewage, and heating facilities. The Township of
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DIL recruiters consulted the
National Selection Service registry, which maintained lists of potential labour pools. By September 1940, the NSS registry had identified around 20,000 young, single women across Canada, who were available for immediate hiring in war-related industries. DIL contacted many
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and Highway 401 (which was in early stages of development), by railway lines, by water from Lake Ontario, and by air from nearby airports. The production lines at the proposed plant had to be separated by considerable distance to avoid accidental explosions at one line affecting the other. The chosen
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Buildings contaminated by explosives were burned, and others were demolished. All records, including those related to the personnel and the work at the plant, were shredded. A manual of operations, documenting the technologies used and dangers encountered, was compiled for possible future reference.
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The Ajax Recreation Centre had a 14-lane bowling alley, a dance hall, a banquet hall for 60 people, a large kitchen, several small offices and meeting rooms, and a canteen. The canteen served burgers, coffee, soft drinks, and cigarettes. The dance hall had a 16-foot stage, concert organ, footlights,
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In January 1942, the construction of houses began north of Highway 401, between Harwood Avenue and Windsor Avenue. The first houses to be finished were located on Mary Street, followed by 100 houses on the east side of Harwood Ave. By July 1942, the applications for renting these houses had exceeded
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and bright lights surrounding it. Guard huts existed every 300 feet, and were connected to the Chief Security Officer's desk and each other by telephone. In addition, guards also patrolled a gravel road running parallel to the outer parameter of the DIL12 premises. Only DIL employees with a valid ID
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The government expropriated land from 18 farm families, including Lorne Puckrin, Wilmot Shea, Heber Down, William Heron, Harry Arnold, R. J. Fleming, M. Boswell, William Linton, John Wilson, Lloyd Stanley, William Divine, Elmer Powell, and George Field. The government gave the farmers only a week to
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The government ultimately bowed to public pressure, acknowledging the demands of the residents, and the need for housing from the incoming married University students. The government gave the tenants the first opportunity to buy the houses in which they were living. The buyers were given the option
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After the entry of the United States in the war in late 1941, the demand for shells from the Ajax plant reduced. In late 1942 and early 1943, there was a reduction in shifts, resulting in transfers and layoffs. Production at DIL slowed down substantially in the winter of 1944, as the Allied victory
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Among adults, several DIL employees enrolled in courses for vocational and other speciality training, such as typing. The Government also courses related to military and war industry, as part of the War Emergency Training Program. These courses aimed to train workers in various skills needed by the
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The Hospital also operated the Resident/Employees' Medical Service Plan, which the employees could join for a monthly cost of $ 1. The medical office was originally located in the basement of the old Presbyterian Church in Pickering. The medical office and the closely aligned employment office were
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DIL had its own fire department with George Allen as the fire chief. Nearly 4,000 workers were involved in handling explosives. The explosives were stored in warehouses or magazines that were spaced well apart to remain unaffected by an explosion in another building. There was at least one instance
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The housing team selected an area of 125 acres, did a survey of streets, and laid out the lots. Then, they installed sewer, hydro, and water lines. They set up a pre-fab operation on the west side of Harwood Avenue, near the administrator's office. Once the foundation of the house was ready, panels
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Several married DIL employees with young families did not like living in the DIL residences designed for bachelors, or in boarding houses. They found commuting long distances from their homes elsewhere inconvenient and expensive. In response to their demands, the government approved construction of
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A male worker and a female worker were seriously injured and hospitalized after an accident at the Pellet and Tracer line. The female victim, a young woman, later died. The accident appears to have been caused by her in the magnesium or gunpowder processing area. There are varying details about the
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Most of the workers left the town when their jobs ended, but several decided to remain in Ajax. Around 600 renting families lived in houses that were built to last for five years. When a federal official came to Ajax and talked about tearing the houses down, the residents protested. Some residents
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Towards the end of the war, Ajax became a warehousing location for the War Assets Corporation, which was responsible for disposing of the government-owned surplus material and property from World War II. A War Surplus sales outlet was established at the site to dispose off the production equipment
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In October 1942, a local Citizens' Committee was formed to establish a grocery store and a church. The Committee successfully organized negotiations between WHL and Ross Murison, the owner of Red & White. Consequently, in May 1943, Murison opened Ajax Marketeria, the first grocery store in the
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Therefore, WHL built its own eight-room schoolhouse. The school opened for classes on 10 October 1942, with 208 elementary students, and was named Lord Elgin School on December 22. Earl Webster served as its first principal, followed by Graham Pinkney. The school became a meeting point for several
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ancestry. All employees worked eight hours a day, six days a week, which was standard for the time. The DIL records were destroyed when the plant closed, but according to former employees, the men who worked on the production lines earned 71.2 cents per hour, while the women earned around 50 cents
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The "cattle cars" were DIL-provided transportation for employees living in outlying areas not served by public transport. Most of the "cattle cars" were trailers pulled by tractor trucks, and also transported workers to and from various locations within the plant. They were so called because they
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suggest that the plant remained largely accident free. However, according to worker Ken Smith, who later served as the mayor of Ajax, incidents involving minor injuries were common, and there were instances where employees lost fingers or had copper pieces lodged in their abdomen from explosions.
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A week later, DIL hired Alex Russell, the former personnel director at General Motors, and tasked him with hiring and screening the plant personnel. At its peak, the DIL plant would require 9,000 workers to produce over 40 million rounds of shells. The government procured several thousand workers
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In response to the residents' demands for a church and a grocery store, George Finley advocated the formation of a local Citizens' Committee. In October 1942, 12 men and one woman were elected as the Committee members, with printer George Munns as the chairperson. The Committee loaned a portable
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In August 1942, occupants started moving into the 600 family bungalows constructed outside the DIL premises. At least half of the children in these houses were of school age. However, their families lived on the land owned by the federal government, and therefore, did not pay taxes to contribute
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Harry Brock was appointed as the program director of the Ajax Recreation Centre. Besides organizing several activities at the Recreation Centre, he also arranged for news and music broadcast for workers on the production lines. At the Recreation Centre, Brock organized performances by well-known
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The newly-built houses were called "married quarters", but did not always have married couples living in them. The tenant families included young mothers living with their children (while the father served overseas), and sisters-in-law living together with children (while their husband / brother
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The government built the women's residences south of Highway 401, in the area between what is now Exeter Road in west and Admiral Road in east. The women's compound had 21 residences (each with a capacity of 100 residents), a cafeteria, a beauty shop, and laundry facilities. The residences were
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Once, the shells delivered to Line 4 were found to be 1/2000 of an inch too thick, and the excess metal on them needed to be buffed. A worker named Alexander Dodwell used too much pressure during the process, which caused the shell to heat up and explode, resulting in his death and injury to his
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The quality of the Lake Ontario water was good enough for daily use at the time, but DIL still treated the water, removing sediment and chlorinating it. The water was then pumped to the steam plant. A 25,000 gallon steel water tank was mounted 110 feet high to ensure constant supply and reliable
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The frame building for the DIL post office was constructed just outside the plant gates. After the war, the post office moved to the nearby administration offices. After Ajax's first shopping plaza was constructed, it moved to a masonry building in the plaza; the unit was later occupied by Home
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Several social groups and clubs existed in Ajax. These included the Ajax Horticultural Society, which held its first garden contest in 1943. Sponsored by WHL, the prize was a month's rent. The Ajax Kinsmen Club, which existed from 21 December 1943 to mid-1945, had the highest membership of any
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DIL Ajax's first employee was Sydney Thomas Hopkins, an accountant from Oshawa, who was hired on 21 February 1941 as the Chief Construction Auditor for Carter-Halls-Aldinger. He later became the Chief Clerk of Works, responsible for a variety of tasks including general administration, traffic,
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The houses had a heating system similar to the contemporary rural houses. The house had coal and wood stoves in the kitchen and the living room. The kitchen stove supplied heat to the hot water tank through a rod built in the wall. The living room stove supplied heat to the rest of the house.
806:, was responsible for municipal services (e.g. snow plowing) and social welfare. The Township and the County, which had small tax bases in a mainly rural area, found it expensive to cover their responsibilities, although the Ontario Department of Education supported them with education costs.
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A worker tried to clear a machine blockage while loading gunpowder into leather sacks. He was injured, and returned to work after some time. Subsequently, he tried the same action again, and this time, he caused an explosion that resulted in his death and severe damage to the building. On his
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post office initially served the plant, but the increase in mail volume soon strained its capacity. Therefore, in 1941, DIL decided to establish its own post office, which required an official name for the place. The workers did not like the existing names in use, "DILCO" (used by CN Rail) or
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Many Christian DIL employees felt the need for organized worship, amid the worry and fear caused by the war. During 1941-1942, ministers from various Christian denominations conducted services in the Ajax Recreation Centre. These included M. R. Jenkinson of Pickering United Church and the E.
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DIL built a hotel, five detached houses, and three small apartment blocks outside the main compound. The two-storey hotel, named Arbor Lodge, had the capacity to house 250 guests. It accommodated management personnel, inspectors, and some workers who were willing to pay for a higher class of
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The plant still lacked enough workers, and in late 1941, the government appealed the Canadian women to support the war effort. By the end of 1941, the major plant buildings were complete, and the government began national recruiting efforts in the summer of 1942. The DIL hiring teams called
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In 1941, DIL opened its Ajax Recreation Centre (called "Rec Hall" by the residents), behind the site where the main branch of Ajax Library is now located. Previously, the DIL residents had to catch a bus to Whitby, Oshawa, or Scarborough for watching movies and other entertainment.
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By the summer of 1941, around 3000 workers lived at the DIL residences, but the residences could not accommodate all the workers. Several workers rented houses or rooms from the nearby home owners, who saw this as an opportunity to earn money and to contribute to the war effort.
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In February 1940, army surveyors Robinson and Jim Brennan (who later settled in Ajax) arrived to survey the expropriated land. They reached the site using a trail that later became the Cheese Factory Road (now Ritchie Road). To avoid delays, the Government did not issue an
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The Government transferred the DIL property to CMHC, with George Finley (the former CMHC housing manager) as its administrator. Finley was given the mandate to develop Ajax into a planned modern industrial town. The community eventually evolved into the town of Ajax.
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Several factors made this site desirable for building the plant. It comprised leveled farmland that was suitable for expropriation, and ideal for quick construction of the plant buildings. It was close enough to major population centers to ensure a steady supply of
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went to Queen's Park in Toronto to petition the government. During 1945-1951, many of the residents lived in uncertainty, as there were talks of close down the community, and predictions that the community would turn into a ghost town or farming land.
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DIL area of Ajax. Operated by Murison using locally hired staff, it was located in a large frame building, on the site later occupied by the Petro Canada gas station. Besides groceries, it also sold a small selection of clothing and other dry goods.
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In 1943, Ajax Community Centre, a family-oriented recreation centre, was built as a small hall for the north-end residents. The Centre hosted activities such as film nights, dances, and church services (first Anglican and later, Baptist).
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Backed by federal funds, the construction progressed at a rapid place. For example, the 50,000 square feet storage building No. 2152 was erected and ready for use 24 hours after the foundations were completed. Most of the buildings were
209:. The plant premises and the surrounding area had several town-like facilities such as residences for DIL employees, a post office, a fire department, a hotel, recreation centres, a grocery store, a school, a church, and local transit.
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were very crowded, and the employees were packed like cattle inside them; women workers often complained about being squeezed among men. In good weather, many employees preferred walking to riding in the crowded and bumpy cattle cars.
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The Red & White had red boxes nailed to trees at the street corners: the residents would deposit their grocery lists in these boxes; a driver picked up the lists and delivered the groceries each afternoon. Major companies such has
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The DIL work rooms and tasks were generally segregated by gender. The management generally assigned jobs requiring physical strength, inspection, or supervision to men. Men also did the most dangerous work involving explosives such as
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badge were allowed on the premises, and they were allowed to be in the production area only during their scheduled shifts. They were subject to random searches, and prohibited from smoking on or near the premises. Spies trained at the
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After the end of the war, the government decided to liquidate WHL, as part of a policy to minimize its intervention in the housing market. The government gave the renters of WHL in Ajax an opportunity to buy their homes with 10%
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plants. In 2016, the town of Ajax hosted a celebratory gala to celebrate the 75th anniversary of DIL Ajax's establishment. The event was attended by some of the surviving DIL Ajax female workers, and the actors and producers of
702:, the women's wage was higher than the 1944 Canadian war industry average of 47.9 cents per hour. Several women worked part-time as apple pickers at Redwing Orchards, located at the intersection of Highway 2 and Lakeridge Road.
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of having a permanent masonry foundation or a basement installed. For the basement, the buyer had to pay an additional cost, which could be negotiated directly with the contractor. Most residents opted for a basement.
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on 31 July 1942. Overall, the plant had a low incidence of damage, disability or death, which is remarkable given that most of the workers were relatively unskilled civilians inexperienced in handling explosives.
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By the end of 1941, the major plant buildings were ready. The electrical, water and sewer lines were operational. The large central steam plant, which delivered steam to other buildings, was operational as well.
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accommodation. The detached houses were for top management officials, while the apartments housed line supervisors and superintendents. These buildings were located on Roosevelt Avenue and Churchill Road.
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move, and offered them $ 125 an acre on average. Many farmers, whose families had owned the land for multiple generations, considered this compensation inadequate, and were unhappy with the expropriation.
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By the end of June 1941, the three all-woman shifts of the Cap & Det Line were producing caps and detonators, which were sent to Britain by air. Rapid construction continued, and eventually, six
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After the closure of DIL, the Ajax Recreation Centre continued to serve the residents of Ajax, before it was destroyed by a fire in 1966. Meanwhile, its director Harry Brock established the
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the number of houses available. The construction proceeded westwards, and by the end of 1942, the last houses of the project had been built on the Cheese Factory Road (later Ritchie Road).
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between Oshawa and Toronto. The buses dropped them off at Harwood Avenue, from where they could reach the plant by walking, riding a "cattle car", or catching lift from passing motorists.
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When the first occupants moved into the newly-constructed houses in August 1942, there was no grocery store in the area. The nearest grocery stores were the Red & White Store in
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in Ajax because of the differences in the electricity supply at the two places. This problem could be solved with new motors, which were not available amid war-induced scarcity.
459:, and did not have any municipal status. However, the residents of the DIL premises and its surrounding area referred to their community as a "village", and DIL's newsletter
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evenings, beauty contests, and the annual midsummer competitions. Facilitated by social interaction, several workers entered into romantic relationships, and got married.
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stores, and work costs. He also served as the postmaster, representative for the Employees' Medical Plan, Commissioner of Oaths, and a member of the Citizens' Committee.
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DIL had its own transportation department to handle buses, staff cars, and three light railway engines. The DIL railroad required at least 25 employees to operate. The
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and a 25-year mortgage. The house prices ranged between $ 2,500 and $ 3,300. These terms were attractive to many renters, who became homeowners.
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in Oshawa, as the auto industry revived after the war. The government encouraged women to discontinue work and take up roles as housemakers.
585:. But, overall, the women vastly outnumbered men at the DIL plant, and by January 1942, the ratio of female to male workers had crossed 2:1.
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Frank Holroyd, the plant's assistant safety director, suggested the winning name "Ajax". He chose the name in honour of the British warship
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around 600 houses in Ajax. George Finley, the housing manager, set up an office in an administration building just north of Highway 401.
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357:, operated the plant. CIL had extensive experience in manufacturing and handling explosives for ammunition. The plant was officially a
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groups, including the town's first Girl Guides and the first Boy Scouts. Adult education classes were held at the school in evening.
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DIL Hospital had 5 full-time doctors, 3 part-time doctors, and 15 full-time nurses. It operated 24 hours, just like the plant.
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in some of the vacant DIL buildings, to accommodate increased demand for engineering education, especially from the returning
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towards schooling in the Pickering Township. This made their children ineligible for admission in the nearest schools.
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There are no formal records of accident statistics at the plant, but at least three deaths have been documented:
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A sewage treatment plant was built on the Duffins Creek to treat the sewage before it was dumped into the Lake.
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deathbed, the employee stated that he had ignored the safety regulations and that the accident was his fault.
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At its peak, the plant had 9000 workers (the majority of them women), and produced over 40 million rounds of
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reported that DIL was planning to introduce paid vacation for its employees. Besides government propaganda,
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The DIL community had its own sports leagues; for example, in July 1942, the softball league had 9 teams.
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987:, the local beauty contest for DIL women workers, was a very popular annual event. Its winners included:
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of 1939. The ship was the eighth British warship to bear this name, which derives from the name of the
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The plant was originally known as "Defence Industries Limited - Pickering Works", and the sign on the
1259:(2012-2013), a Canadian television drama, was based on accounts of workers from the DIL Ajax and the
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club to that date. Ajax also had a volunteer-run library, which had grown to over 700 books by 1943.
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Laundry was done mostly by hand, involving scrubbing clothes on a washboard and drying them on a
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Ken Smith (1995). "Central Mortgage & Housing Corporation". In Archie MacDonald (ed.).
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facility and a daily supply of 1 million gallons of water, which was met by Lake Ontario.
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1942: Irene Brayley of Whitby, who worked on Line 2. She was later placed third in the
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The first two deaths - both of male workers - were documented in a report to minister
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of a death by fire or explosion at the plant, but the plant remained generally safe.
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Wartime Housing Limited (WHL), a crown corporation formed in 1941, built around 600
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of Ontario. The unincorporated community that developed around the plant was named
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Initially, the carpenters and construction workers â all of them men â lived in a
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installed 30 miles of railway track at DIL, and the major buildings had their own
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site was large enough to meet this requirement. The proposed plant required a
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served overseas). By 1943, many working mothers made use of the government's
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were rumoured to have broken into the DIL plant to test security measures.
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Marjorie Ludlow Green (1995). "The DIL Years". In Archie MacDonald (ed.).
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Most of the workers who lived far from the plant commuted by the crowded
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General and Special Rules Defence Industries Limited Shell Filling Plant
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in Europe, Canada was an ideal location for producing munitions for the
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Farms and owners of present-day Ajax in 1939, before the expropriation
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contest sponsored by the Toronto Police Amateur Athletic Association.
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The plant was secured like an army camp: an 8-foot fence topped with
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The Hospital offered regular screening of employees who worked with
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40mm anti-aircraft explosive shell loaded with a cordite propellant
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Several other events were held at the Recreation Centre, including
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2176:"Assembling Victory: Defense Industries Limited, Ajax, 1941-1945"
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1525:
1523:
1486:
1484:
1459:
1457:
1455:
855:
Hardware. A new post office was constructed on Kings Crescent.
559:
Ceremony celebrating the production of the 25th millionth shell
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
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1333:
1331:
1329:
1065:
937:
A softball game for benefit of boys from Christie St. Hospital
582:
346:
Guards search vehicles at the main gate of DIL on Harwood Ave.
249:. For this purpose, the government chose a 2,846 acre site in
1002:(then living in Ajax dormitory), who worked on Cap & Det.
728:
accident, and the exact cause was probably known only to her.
1738:
1736:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1144:
DIL employees wait for a bus on Harwood Ave and King's Cres
463:
mentioned "Ajax, Ontario" as the place of its publication.
2048:
1960:
1958:
1891:
1889:
1683:
1681:
1576:
1574:
547:
Line 3 - workers assemble 3.7 calibre anti-aircraft shells
1755:
1753:
1751:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
913:
Resident women workers engage in recreational activities
440:. The other two ships that participated in the Battle -
241:. The Government of Canada planned to build the largest
452:- were later honoured in the street names of the town.
1121:
also delivered groceries and catalogue items to Ajax.
1013:
Regular activities at the Recreation Centre included:
314:
Wartime Defense Limited started the construction of a
589:
Number of workers on DIL Ajax production line (1942)
1179:
also carried gossipy sections and uplifting humour.
1076:
later relocated to Bunting store in the Village, on
361:, but practically functioned as a division of CIL.
159:
151:
141:
131:
94:
75:
67:
59:
21:
1017:Sports: badminton, basketball, tennis and baseball
789:features a family that rented a house built by WHL
455:Throughout the 1940s, Ajax remained a part of the
330:roofs, while a few were made of bricks or poured
710:DIL management's reports of injury-free days in
170:Defence Industries Limited (DIL) Pickering Works
2081:
1840:
1825:
1356:
1097:armed forces in case need for enlistment rose.
535:A worker tightens nose plugs of 500-pound bombs
2263:, from the Ajax Public Library Digital Archive
2234:(2). The Ontario Historical Society: 209â225.
2069:
2029:
2012:
1997:
1949:
1930:
1918:
1880:
1855:
1810:
1798:
1783:
1727:
1672:
1655:
1643:
1592:
1553:
1541:
1490:
1475:
1463:
1446:
1427:
1410:
1389:
1368:
1337:
1301:
407:(CN) line identified its location as "DILCO".
2207:. The Ajax Historical Board. pp. 23â54.
2159:. The Ajax Historical Board. pp. 63â65.
2117:. The Ajax Historical Board. pp. 75â77.
511:Line 2 - shell cleaning and inspection layout
8:
1188:G.Robinson of St. George's Anglican Church.
2186:(1). The Ontario Historical Society: 1â18.
2111:Archie MacDonald (1995). "A Town at Last".
587:
18:
2239:
2191:
2093:
1976:
1964:
1895:
1771:
1759:
1742:
1704:
1687:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1580:
1565:
1514:
1502:
1320:
1208:Many men released from DIL found work at
225:On 10 September 1939, Canada entered the
780:
761:, and had Stan Mann as the supervisor.
1294:
903:
698:per hour for the same job. Despite the
639:3.7-calibre larger anti-aircraft round
501:
2288:Canadian companies established in 1941
2224:"The CMHC in Ajax, Ontario: 1948-1950"
925:Tennis players from Ajax Dilkins team
7:
693:The majority of the workers were of
653:2, 4, and 6-pound anti-tank shells
245:-filling and assembly plant in the
233:. Because of its distance from the
14:
949:Mary Pickford visits Ajax in 1943
897:drives, and organized a visit by
877:full curtains and a large floor.
571:Female workers posing for a photo
192:in honour of the British warship
2298:Companies disestablished in 1945
1278:Canadian women in the World Wars
1020:Boxing and wrestling tournaments
954:
942:
930:
918:
906:
564:
552:
540:
528:
516:
504:
265:Road in the east, just north of
38:
31:
2049:A. Macdonald, Town at Last 1995
198:, and evolved into the town of
1:
253:, in what is now the town of
2135:Ajax, the War Years, 1939/45
1152:buses, which traveled along
355:Canadian Industries Limited
257:. The site was bordered by
2314:
2269:, a handbook for employees
802:Pickering, along with the
681:Pellets and tracer rounds
351:Defence Industries Limited
22:Defence Industries Limited
757:. It was surrounded with
430:Battle of the River Plate
405:Canadian National Railway
377:Canadian National Railway
184:during 1941â1945, in the
55:
26:
2283:Ammunition manufacturers
2222:Robert McGeachy (2006).
1283:History of Ajax, Ontario
16:Canadian munitions plant
998:1943: Sadie Baldwin of
993:Toronto Miss War Worker
428:which took part in the
353:(DIL), a subsidiary of
1219:During 1946-1949, the
1145:
1132:had a branch in Ajax.
889:'s band, and magician
881:entertainers, such as
790:
347:
222:
2259:, including scans of
1221:University of Toronto
1196:Closure and aftermath
1143:
1023:Drama and music clubs
1005:1944: Betty Welsh of
799:pre-fabricated houses
784:
777:Pre-fabricated houses
753:, a cafeteria, and a
345:
220:
2082:Ken Smith, CMHC 1995
1841:Robert McGeachy 2006
1826:Robert McGeachy 2006
1357:Robert McGeachy 2006
1216:and other fixtures.
977:, movie screenings,
891:Harry Blackstone Sr.
667:Caps and detonators
305:invitation to tender
247:British Commonwealth
178:Government of Canada
163:Government of Canada
2070:Marjorie Green 1995
2030:Marjorie Green 1995
2013:Marjorie Green 1995
1998:Marjorie Green 1995
1950:Marjorie Green 1995
1931:Marjorie Green 1995
1919:Marjorie Green 1995
1881:Marjorie Green 1995
1856:Marjorie Green 1995
1828:, pp. 214â215.
1811:Marjorie Green 1995
1799:Marjorie Green 1995
1784:Marjorie Green 1995
1728:Marjorie Green 1995
1673:Marjorie Green 1995
1656:Marjorie Green 1995
1644:Marjorie Green 1995
1593:Marjorie Green 1995
1554:Marjorie Green 1995
1542:Marjorie Green 1995
1491:Marjorie Green 1995
1476:Marjorie Green 1995
1464:Marjorie Green 1995
1447:Marjorie Green 1995
1428:Marjorie Green 1995
1411:Marjorie Green 1995
1390:Marjorie Green 1995
1369:Marjorie Green 1995
1338:Marjorie Green 1995
1302:Marjorie Green 1995
678:Pellets and tracer
590:
332:reinforced concrete
229:, declaring war on
176:plant owned by the
112: /
2204:A Town Called Ajax
2174:Lisa Tubb (2019).
2156:A Town Called Ajax
2132:Ken Smith (1989).
2114:A Town Called Ajax
1146:
791:
588:
457:Pickering Township
434:Greek mythological
348:
269:in the north, and
251:Pickering Township
223:
186:Pickering Township
84:Pickering Township
47:Location in Canada
2241:10.7202/1065826ar
2193:10.7202/1059963ar
2138:. Oshawa: Alger.
2015:, pp. 41â42.
1979:, pp. 12â13.
1933:, pp. 32â33.
1858:, pp. 46â47.
1658:, pp. 28â29.
1646:, pp. 29â30.
1595:, pp. 28â31.
1556:, pp. 30â31.
1371:, pp. 25â27.
1109:, and A&P in
1107:Pickering Village
901:for the purpose.
893:He also promoted
691:
690:
412:Pickering Village
359:Crown corporation
213:Selection of site
167:
166:
2305:
2245:
2243:
2218:
2197:
2195:
2170:
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2128:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2052:
2046:
2033:
2027:
2016:
2010:
2001:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1899:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1859:
1853:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1786:, p. 34-35.
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1708:
1702:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1632:
1631:, p. 4, 10.
1626:
1620:
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1354:
1341:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1305:
1299:
1261:GECO Scarborough
1130:Bank of Commerce
968:1944 Betty Welsh
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
827:washing machines
591:
568:
556:
544:
532:
523:An assembly line
520:
508:
485:production lines
328:corrugated metal
288:sewage treatment
180:and operated by
127:
126:
124:
123:
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117:
113:
110:
109:
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105:
42:
41:
35:
19:
2313:
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2308:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2273:
2272:
2257:DIL Ajax photos
2253:
2248:
2228:Ontario History
2221:
2215:
2200:
2180:Ontario History
2173:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2131:
2125:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2055:
2047:
2036:
2028:
2019:
2011:
2004:
1996:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1902:
1894:
1887:
1879:
1862:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1749:
1745:, pp. 8â9.
1741:
1734:
1726:
1711:
1707:, pp. 4â5.
1703:
1694:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1623:
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1086:
1068:, to check for
1058:
969:
959:
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947:
938:
935:
926:
923:
914:
911:
870:
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852:
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779:
743:
708:
625:25-pound shell
572:
569:
560:
557:
548:
545:
536:
533:
524:
521:
512:
509:
487:became active.
469:
401:
399:The name "Ajax"
340:
324:frame buildings
300:
263:Pickering Beach
215:
155:9,000 (at peak)
120:
118:
116:43.84°N 79.02°W
114:
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106:
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99:
98:
51:
50:
49:
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45:
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43:
17:
12:
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5:
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2264:
2252:
2251:External links
2249:
2247:
2246:
2219:
2213:
2198:
2171:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:Lisa Tubb 2019
2086:
2074:
2053:
2034:
2017:
2002:
1981:
1977:Lisa Tubb 2019
1969:
1965:Lisa Tubb 2019
1954:
1935:
1923:
1900:
1896:Lisa Tubb 2019
1885:
1860:
1845:
1843:, p. 216.
1830:
1815:
1803:
1788:
1776:
1772:Lisa Tubb 2019
1764:
1760:Lisa Tubb 2019
1747:
1743:Lisa Tubb 2019
1732:
1709:
1705:Lisa Tubb 2019
1692:
1688:Lisa Tubb 2019
1677:
1660:
1648:
1633:
1629:Lisa Tubb 2019
1621:
1617:Lisa Tubb 2019
1609:
1605:Lisa Tubb 2019
1597:
1585:
1581:Lisa Tubb 2019
1570:
1566:Lisa Tubb 2019
1558:
1546:
1519:
1515:Lisa Tubb 2019
1507:
1503:Lisa Tubb 2019
1495:
1480:
1468:
1451:
1432:
1415:
1394:
1373:
1361:
1359:, p. 215.
1342:
1325:
1321:Ken Smith 1989
1306:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1210:General Motors
1197:
1194:
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1165:
1162:
1137:
1134:
1102:
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1085:
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1031:
1030:
1029:Bowling league
1027:
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1021:
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804:Ontario County
778:
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695:Anglo-Canadian
689:
688:
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665:
664:Cap & Det
661:
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339:
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311:railway line.
299:
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273:in the south.
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2293:Ajax, Ontario
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2214:0-9699465-0-3
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2166:0-9699465-0-3
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2145:9780969439707
2141:
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2130:
2126:
2124:0-9699465-0-3
2120:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2096:, p. 17.
2095:
2090:
2087:
2084:, p. 63.
2083:
2078:
2075:
2072:, p. 51.
2071:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2051:, p. 75.
2050:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2032:, p. 50.
2031:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2000:, p. 48.
1999:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1967:, p. 13.
1966:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1952:, p. 44.
1951:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:, p. 49.
1920:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1898:, p. 14.
1897:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:, p. 47.
1882:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1813:, p. 36.
1812:
1807:
1804:
1801:, p. 35.
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:, p. 45.
1729:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:, p. 10.
1689:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1675:, p. 30.
1674:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1583:, p. 11.
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:, p. 12.
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1544:, p. 43.
1543:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1493:, p. 42.
1492:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1478:, p. 32.
1477:
1472:
1469:
1466:, p. 34.
1465:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1449:, p. 33.
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1430:, p. 31.
1429:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:, p. 28.
1412:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1392:, p. 46.
1391:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1340:, p. 25.
1339:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:, p. 11.
1322:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1304:, p. 23.
1303:
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1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1225:Ajax Division
1222:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1131:
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1122:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1078:Kingston Road
1073:
1071:
1070:TNT poisoning
1067:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
989:
988:
986:
982:
980:
976:
975:amateur hours
967:
963:
957:
952:
945:
940:
933:
928:
921:
916:
909:
904:
902:
900:
899:Mary Pickford
896:
892:
888:
884:
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1972:
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895:Victory Loan
887:Guy Lombardo
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1026:Stage shows
1007:Bowmanville
883:Mart Kenney
850:Post office
759:barbed wire
388:barbed wire
267:Highway 401
235:war theatre
119: /
95:Coordinates
2277:Categories
1289:References
1266:Bomb Girls
1256:Bomb Girls
1150:Gray Coach
868:Recreation
845:Facilities
835:child care
755:barbershop
751:commissary
734:C. D. Howe
700:inequality
381:spur lines
369:pressure.
136:Ammunition
1154:Highway 2
1084:Education
1041:Canadian
985:Miss Ajax
966:Miss Ajax
964:features
885:'s band,
747:tent city
706:Accidents
338:Operation
283:Highway 2
174:munitions
152:Employees
71:1941â1945
63:1940â1941
1272:See also
1223:ran its
724:foreman.
597:Product
443:Achilles
160:Owner(s)
142:Products
132:Industry
90:, Canada
76:Location
68:Operated
1183:Worship
1136:Transit
1119:Eaton's
1043:Kinsmen
741:Housing
650:Line 4
636:Line 3
622:Line 2
608:Line 1
467:Workers
279:workers
231:Germany
107:79°01âēW
104:43°50âēN
88:Ontario
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1111:Whitby
1101:Retail
1056:Health
1000:Sydney
839:Oshawa
600:Women
579:amatol
449:Exeter
393:Camp X
207:shells
172:was a
146:Shells
1164:Media
594:Line
436:hero
326:with
316:shell
243:shell
60:Built
2209:ISBN
2161:ISBN
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1128:The
684:149
673:168
670:984
659:243
656:381
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628:878
617:315
614:742
603:Men
581:and
495:and
493:RCMP
446:and
438:Ajax
425:Ajax
410:The
309:spur
195:Ajax
190:Ajax
80:Ajax
2236:doi
2188:doi
2184:111
1066:TNT
687:56
583:TNT
499:).
497:OPP
182:DIL
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
