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sides of the piston skirt around the gudgeon pin are reduced away from the cylinder wall. The purpose is mostly to reduce the reciprocating mass, thus making it easier to balance the engine and so permit high speeds. In racing applications, slipper piston skirts can be configured to yield extremely light weight while maintaining the rigidity and strength of a full skirt. Reduced inertia also improves mechanical efficiency of the engine: the forces required to accelerate and decelerate the reciprocating parts cause more piston friction with the cylinder wall than the fluid pressure on the piston head. A secondary benefit may be some reduction in friction with the cylinder wall, since the area of the skirt, which slides up and down in the cylinder is reduced by half. However, most friction is due to the
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329:. These are a number of narrow iron rings, fitted loosely into grooves in the piston, just below the crown. The rings are split at a point in the rim, allowing them to press against the cylinder with a light spring pressure. Two types of ring are used: the upper rings have solid faces and provide gas sealing; lower rings have narrow edges and a U-shaped profile, to act as oil scrapers. There are many proprietary and detail design features associated with piston rings.
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567:, the transfer (inlet to the cylinder) and exhaust ports are on directly facing sides of the cylinder wall. To prevent the incoming mixture passing straight across from one port to the other, the piston has a raised rib on its crown. This is intended to deflect the incoming mixture upwards, around the
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extending downwards from the piston to what is effectively a second smaller-diameter piston. The main piston is responsible for gas sealing and carries the piston rings. The smaller piston is purely a mechanical guide. It runs within a small cylinder as a trunk guide and also carries the gudgeon pin.
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with separate crosshead and were instead the first engine design to place the gudgeon pin directly within the piston. Otherwise these trunk engine pistons bore little resemblance to the trunk piston; they were extremely large diameter and double-acting. Their 'trunk' was a narrow cylinder mounted in
574:
Much effort, and many different designs of piston crown, went into developing improved scavenging. The crowns developed from a simple rib to a large asymmetric bulge, usually with a steep face on the inlet side and a gentle curve on the exhaust. Despite this, cross scavenging was never as effective
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piston, shaped more like those in a modern internal-combustion engine.) Another factor is that since almost all steam engines use crossheads to translate the force to the drive rod, there are few lateral forces acting to try and "rock" the piston, so a cylinder-shaped piston skirt isn't necessary.
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is a piston for a petrol engine that has been reduced in size and weight as much as possible. In the extreme case, they are reduced to the piston crown, support for the piston rings, and just enough of the piston skirt remaining to leave two lands so as to stop the piston rocking in the bore. The
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instead. Billet pistons are also used in racing engines because they do not rely on the size and architecture of available forgings, allowing for last-minute design changes. Although not commonly visible to the naked eye, pistons themselves are designed with a certain level of ovality and profile
317:
The pin itself is of hardened steel and is fixed in the piston, but free to move in the connecting rod. A few designs use a 'fully floating' design that is loose in both components. All pins must be prevented from moving sideways and the ends of the pin digging into the cylinder wall, usually by
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High-power diesel engines work in difficult conditions. Maximum pressure in the combustion chamber can reach 20 MPa and the maximum temperature of some piston surfaces can exceed 450 °C. It is possible to improve piston cooling by creating a special cooling cavity.
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supplies this cooling cavity «A» with oil through oil supply channel «B». For better temperature reduction construction should be carefully calculated and analysed. Oil flow in the cooling cavity should be not less than 80% of the oil flow through the injector.
639:. A hydraulic actuator controls the movement of the piston back and/or forth. Guide rings guides the piston and rod and absorb the radial forces that act perpendicularly to the cylinder and prevent contact between sliding the metal parts.
420:
Trunk pistons have been a common design of piston since the early days of the reciprocating internal combustion engine. They were used for both petrol and diesel engines, although high speed engines have now adopted the lighter weight
484:: the oil is not contaminated by combustion soot particles, it does not break down owing to the heat and a thinner, less viscous oil may be used. The friction of both piston and crosshead may be only half of that for a trunk piston.
356:, but there were obvious benefits for engine balancing if a lighter alloy could be used. To produce pistons that could survive engine combustion temperatures, it was necessary to develop new alloys such as
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In racing engines, piston strength and stiffness is typically much higher than that of a passenger car engine, while the weight is much less, to achieve the high engine RPM necessary in racing.
417:. As the connecting rod is angled for much of its rotation, there is also a side force that reacts along the side of the piston against the cylinder wall. A longer piston helps to support this.
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instead. This places a pair of transfer ports in the sides of the cylinder and encourages gas flow to rotate around a vertical axis, rather than a horizontal axis.
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678:. Consequently, steam engine pistons are nearly always comparatively thin discs: their diameter is several times their thickness. (One exception is the
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are usually double-acting (i.e. steam pressure acts alternately on each side of the piston) and the admission and release of steam is controlled by
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202:. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the
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double-acting two-stroke diesel engine. Although compact, for use in a cramped submarine, this design of engine was not repeated.
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Large slow-speed Diesel engines may require additional support for the side forces on the piston. These engines typically use
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A characteristic of most trunk pistons, particularly for diesel engines, is that they have a groove for an oil ring below the
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with crankcase compression, where the gas flow within the cylinder must be carefully directed in order to provide efficient
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taper, meaning they are not perfectly round, and their diameter is larger near the bottom of the skirt than at the crown.
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297:. According to purpose, supercharging level and working conditions of engines the shape and proportions can be changed.
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Lubrication of the crosshead has advantages over the trunk piston as its lubricating oil is not subject to the
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286:(US: wrist pin). This pin is mounted within the piston: unlike the steam engine, there is no piston rod or
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A handful of submarines in the following class used a similar engine, with almost equally poor results.
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Because of the additional weight of these pistons, they are not used for high-speed engines.
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Trunk pistons are long relative to their diameter. They act both as a piston and cylindrical
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190:. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the
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The typical piston design is on the picture. This type of piston is widely used in car
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987:"Racing Piston Technology – Piston Weight And Design – Circle Track Magazine"
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space at the top of the cylinder. This force then acts downwards through the
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885:"Full-Round vs. Strutted: Piston Forging Designs and Skirt Styles Explained"
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Machine component used to compress or contain expanding fluids in a cylinder
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733:: close tolerance pistons and double pistons. In close tolerance pistons
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375:, but otherwise effectively all internal combustion engine pistons are
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is acted upon by the pressure of the expanding combustion gases in the
806:, an internal combustion engine design with a rotor instead of pistons
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443:. To make these more compact, they avoided the steam engine's usual
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serve as a valve, but O-rings are not used in double piston types.
344:. For better strength and fatigue life, some racing pistons may be
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282:. The connecting rod is attached to the piston by a swivelling
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432:, in addition to the rings between the gudgeon pin and crown.
36:
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in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a
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piston, with a metal piston ring spring-loaded against the
1034:. Vol. I: Slow-Speed Engines (1st ed.). London:
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was fitted with a prototype of the infamously unreliable
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
627:Pistons of Hydraulic cylinders used in a hot press
729:There are two special type of pistons used in
607:. The piston seal is made by turns of wrapped
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930:Piston with improved side loading resistance
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435:The name 'trunk piston' derives from the '
313:A – cooling cavity; B – oil supply channel
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1153:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
3231:Glossary of steam locomotive components
949:
915:
903:
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325:Gas sealing is achieved by the use of
472:pistons. The main piston has a large
7:
1055:How Stuff Works – Basic Engine Parts
422:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1770:components, systems and terminology
364:, specifically for use as pistons.
3083:National Museum of Scotland engine
403:Internal combustion engine pistons
25:
691:Piston pumps can be used to move
575:as hoped. Most engines today use
290:(except big two stroke engines).
3265:List of steam technology patents
631:Hydraulic cylinders can be both
582:
527:
490:
451:
396:
41:
1255:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
52:needs additional citations for
3250:Murdoch's model steam carriage
3236:History of steam road vehicles
2092:Propeller speed reduction unit
1032:The Internal Combustion Engine
974:Irving, Two stroke power units
962:Irving, Two stroke power units
555:Deflector pistons are used in
258:piston, sectioned to show the
232:Four-piston engine (3D render)
1:
3177:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
864:"What Makes A Racing Piston?"
603:Early (c. 1830) piston for a
154:Animation of a piston system.
2900:Return connecting rod engine
1902:Capacitor discharge ignition
2824:Condensing steam locomotive
794:Steam locomotive components
247:Internal combustion engines
210:by covering and uncovering
143:Pistons within a sectioned
3327:
3131:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
1096:Internal combustion engine
717:
706:
448:the centre of the piston.
268:internal combustion engine
256:Internal combustion engine
221:
29:
3137:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
2806:Single- and double-acting
1912:Electronic fuel injection
1713:
1564:Diesel particulate filter
1516:Idle air control actuator
1457:Engine control unit (ECU)
1102:
186:and is made gas-tight by
2976:Newcomen Memorial Engine
1958:Aircraft engine starting
1629:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1541:Throttle position sensor
1250:Overhead camshaft layout
952:, pp. 119–120, 122.
720:Reciprocating compressor
3280:Timeline of steam power
3275:Stationary steam engine
3158:Woolf's compound engine
3065:Soho Manufactory engine
2920:Steeple compound engine
2587:straight line mechanism
2003:Mean effective pressure
1168:Core plug (freeze plug)
1060:Piston Motion Equations
824:'Gas' here refers to a
779:Piston motion equations
373:double-acting cylinders
32:Piston (disambiguation)
3285:Water-returning engine
3259:Lean's Engine Reporter
3032:Chacewater Mine engine
2905:Six-column beam engine
2043:Time between overhauls
1020:Two-Stroke Power Units
763:Gas-operated reloading
660:
628:
612:
552:
512:
439:', an early design of
352:Early pistons were of
314:
263:
243:
233:
155:
147:
3125:London Steam Carriage
2318:Ice protection system
2058:Volumetric efficiency
2023:Overhead valve engine
650:
626:
602:
591:at Wikimedia Commons
547:
536:at Wikimedia Commons
510:
499:at Wikimedia Commons
460:at Wikimedia Commons
405:at Wikimedia Commons
312:
254:
241:
231:
164:reciprocating engines
153:
142:
3071:Bradley Works engine
2895:Reciprocating engine
2718:Babcock & Wilcox
2561:Centrifugal governor
2303:Auxiliary power unit
2183:Flight data recorder
1409:Compression ignition
1050:Piston Engines Essay
765:, using a gas piston
332:Pistons are usually
224:Reciprocating engine
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2612:Sun and planet gear
2272:Pressure carburetor
2008:Naturally aspirated
1978:Engine displacement
1559:Catalytic converter
619:Hydraulic cylinders
441:marine steam engine
383:, the US submarine
180:pneumatic cylinders
176:hydraulic cylinders
3112:Richard Trevithick
2710:Water-tube boilers
2524:Gresley conjugated
2287:Updraft carburetor
2161:Engine instruments
2087:Propeller governor
1983:Four-stroke engine
1685:Knocking / pinging
1277:Combustion chamber
774:List of auto parts
769:Hydraulic cylinder
709:Reciprocating pump
661:
629:
613:
569:combustion chamber
557:two-stroke engines
553:
513:
482:heat of combustion
315:
272:combustion chamber
264:
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162:is a component of
156:
148:
3311:Engine technology
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2682:Fire-tube boilers
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2168:Annunciator panel
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2066:
2065:
2048:Two-stroke engine
2018:Overhead camshaft
1998:Manifold pressure
1968:Compression ratio
1731:
1730:
1700:Stratified charge
1467:Electrical system
1449:Engine management
1282:Compression ratio
1222:Starter ring gear
1121:rotating assembly
976:, pp. 15–16.
964:, pp. 13–15.
589:Deflector pistons
587:Media related to
577:Schnuerle porting
540:Deflector pistons
532:Media related to
497:Crosshead pistons
495:Media related to
464:Crosshead pistons
456:Media related to
401:Media related to
214:in the cylinder.
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3318:
3243:fardier à vapeur
3077:Whitbread Engine
3038:Smethwick Engine
3006:
2945:
2764:Feedwater heater
2632:
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2313:Hydraulic system
2133:Counter-rotating
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1829:Hydraulic tappet
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1574:Exhaust manifold
1439:Spark plug wires
1325:Boost controller
1312:Forced induction
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166:, reciprocating
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2968:Newcomen engine
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2880:Expansion valve
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2839:Watt's separate
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2597:Parallel motion
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2484:Stephenson link
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2372:Operating cycle
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2308:Coffman starter
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2216:Carburetor heat
2208:Engine controls
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2128:Contra-rotating
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1993:Ignition timing
1941:
1922:Ignition system
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3145:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3021:
3018:Kinneil Engine
3014:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2990:Elsecar Engine
2987:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2910:Steeple engine
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2769:Feedwater pump
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2635:Simple boilers
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2617:Watt's linkage
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Connecting rod
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Inlet manifold
2259:
2254:
2252:Fuel injection
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2148:Variable-pitch
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:Constant-speed
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:Obturator ring
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:Connecting rod
1796:
1790:
1788:
1779:
1777:Piston engines
1773:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1594:Cooling system
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1551:Exhaust system
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:Inlet manifold
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1376:Fuel injection
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:Connecting rod
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1044:External links
1042:
1041:
1040:
1028:Ricardo, Harry
1024:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
978:
966:
954:
950:Ricardo (1922)
942:
920:
918:, p. 149.
916:Ricardo (1922)
908:
906:, p. 116.
904:Ricardo (1922)
896:
875:
853:
852:
850:
847:
844:
843:
834:
816:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:
801:
796:
791:
786:
784:Shock absorber
781:
776:
771:
766:
760:
755:
750:
744:
742:
739:
726:
723:
718:Main article:
715:
712:
707:Main article:
704:
701:
688:
685:
644:
641:
620:
617:
596:
595:Racing pistons
593:
541:
538:
517:slipper piston
511:Slipper piston
504:
501:
465:
462:
423:slipper piston
410:
407:
295:diesel engines
276:connecting rod
248:
245:
222:Main article:
219:
218:Piston engines
216:
200:connecting rod
135:
134:
117:September 2013
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3323:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:Puffing Devil
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3104:High-pressure
3101:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3057:Rotative beam
3054:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2957:Savery Engine
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2930:Working fluid
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Rotative beam
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:hypocycloidal
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:Steam engines
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:Other systems
2294:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2233:and induction
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Glass cockpit
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Shock cooling
2031:
2029:
2028:Rotary engine
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Dual ignition
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Cylinder head
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1768:piston engine
1766:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
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1686:
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1676:
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1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:Water cooling
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1584:Oxygen sensor
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:Intake system
1497:
1491:
1490:Starter motor
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Ignition coil
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Petrol engine
1359:
1357:
1356:Diesel engine
1354:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:Blowoff valve
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1237:Cylinder head
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Balance shaft
1126:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1008:
992:
988:
982:
979:
975:
970:
967:
963:
958:
955:
951:
946:
943:
932:
931:
924:
921:
917:
912:
909:
905:
900:
897:
886:
879:
876:
865:
862:Magda, Mike.
858:
855:
848:
838:
835:
831:
827:
821:
818:
811:
805:
804:Wankel engine
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
789:Slide whistle
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
740:
738:
736:
732:
724:
721:
713:
710:
702:
700:
698:
694:
686:
684:
681:
677:
676:poppet valves
673:
672:piston valves
669:
665:
664:Steam engines
658:
654:
649:
643:Steam engines
642:
640:
638:
637:double-acting
634:
633:single-acting
625:
618:
616:
610:
606:
601:
594:
592:
590:
585:
580:
578:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
550:
546:
539:
537:
535:
530:
525:
523:
518:
509:
502:
500:
498:
493:
488:
485:
483:
478:
475:
471:
463:
461:
459:
458:Trunk pistons
454:
449:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
426:
424:
418:
416:
409:Trunk pistons
408:
406:
404:
399:
394:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
377:single-acting
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
323:
321:
311:
307:
304:
298:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
278:and onto the
277:
273:
269:
261:
257:
253:
246:
239:
230:
225:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
152:
146:
145:petrol engine
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3270:Modern steam
3257:
3242:
3204:Porter-Allen
3183:
3117:
3044:
3024:
2981:
2915:Safety valve
2889:
2844:"Pickle-pot"
2738:Thimble tube
2323:Recoil start
2282:Turbocharger
2277:Supercharger
2143:Single-blade
2053:Valve timing
1874:Sleeve valve
1859:Poppet valve
1848:
1834:Main bearing
1614:Electric fan
1414:Coil-on-plug
1340:Turbocharger
1335:Supercharger
1211:
1207:Main bearing
1197:Firing order
1187:Displacement
1133:Block heater
1117:Engine block
1105:Part of the
1104:
1031:
1019:
1016:Irving, P.E.
1009:Bibliography
995:. Retrieved
993:. 2007-05-31
990:
981:
969:
957:
945:
935:, retrieved
933:, 2009-10-12
929:
923:
911:
899:
888:. Retrieved
878:
867:. Retrieved
857:
837:
820:
728:
695:or compress
690:
680:trunk engine
668:slide valves
662:
653:steam engine
630:
614:
581:
573:
554:
526:
522:piston rings
516:
514:
489:
486:
479:
467:
450:
437:trunk engine
434:
427:
419:
412:
395:
385:
381:World War II
367:A few early
366:
351:
331:
327:piston rings
324:
316:
299:
292:
265:
188:piston rings
159:
157:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3001:Watt engine
2801:Oscillating
2757:Boiler feed
2602:Plate chain
2581:Tusi couple
2494:Walschaerts
2379:Atmospheric
2267:Intercooler
2193:Hobbs meter
2118:Blade pitch
2113:Autofeather
2106:Terminology
2013:Monosoupape
1973:Dead centre
1946:Terminology
1854:Piston ring
1824:Gudgeon pin
1638:Lubrication
1602:Air cooling
1419:Distributor
1371:Fuel filter
1349:Fuel system
1330:Intercooler
1297:Timing belt
1287:Head gasket
1217:Piston ring
758:Fruit press
753:Fire piston
731:air cannons
725:Air cannons
703:For liquids
605:beam engine
430:gudgeon pin
369:gas engines
284:gudgeon pin
260:gudgeon pin
3300:Categories
3210:Ljungström
3196:High-speed
3089:Lap Engine
3045:Resolution
2949:Precursors
2834:Kirchweger
2796:Locomotive
2743:Three-drum
2723:Field-tube
2690:Locomotive
2672:Lancashire
2592:Link chain
2576:Crankshaft
2543:Mechanisms
2471:Valve gear
2257:Gascolator
2247:Carburetor
2198:Tachometer
2080:Components
2072:Propellers
1988:Horsepower
1953:Air-cooled
1932:Spark plug
1897:Alternator
1890:components
1888:Electrical
1869:Rocker arm
1809:Crankshaft
1787:components
1785:Mechanical
1690:Power band
1650:Oil filter
1624:Thermostat
1569:EGT sensor
1531:MAF sensor
1526:MAP sensor
1511:Air filter
1475:Alternator
1434:Spark plug
1366:Carburetor
1292:Rocker arm
1232:Valvetrain
1163:Crankshaft
1107:Automobile
997:2018-04-22
937:2018-04-22
890:2018-07-15
869:2018-04-22
849:References
651:Cast-iron
561:scavenging
549:Two-stroke
474:piston rod
445:piston rod
362:Hiduminium
280:crankshaft
196:piston rod
192:crankshaft
87:newspapers
3241:Cugnot's
3184:Salamanca
2885:Hydrolock
2870:Crosshead
2816:Condenser
2652:Egg-ended
1917:Generator
1424:Glow plug
1386:Fuel tank
1381:Fuel pump
1148:Crankcase
1022:. Newnes.
714:For gases
470:crosshead
415:crosshead
379:. During
354:cast iron
288:crosshead
3224:See also
3150:Compound
3025:Old Bess
2865:Blowback
2788:Cylinder
2774:Injector
2733:Stirling
2728:Sentinel
2642:Haystack
2556:Cataract
2529:Southern
2519:Caprotti
2394:Compound
2221:Throttle
2138:Scimitar
1844:Oil pump
1814:Cylinder
1804:Crankpin
1794:Camshaft
1765:Aircraft
1723:Category
1668:Dry sump
1664:Wet sump
1655:Oil pump
1619:Radiator
1536:Throttle
1396:Ignition
1267:Camshaft
1192:Flywheel
1173:Cylinder
1158:Crankpin
1030:(1922).
1018:(1967).
830:gasoline
826:fuel gas
741:See also
657:cylinder
320:circlips
303:Injector
184:cylinder
76:"Piston"
3306:Pistons
2940:History
2849:Surface
2667:Cornish
2627:Boilers
2509:Corliss
2446:Corliss
2429:D slide
2399:Uniflow
2389:Cornish
2097:Spinner
1937:Starter
1927:Magneto
1864:Pushrod
1695:Redline
1579:Muffler
1480:Battery
1404:Magneto
1036:Blackie
799:Syringe
748:Air gun
735:O-rings
693:liquids
563:. With
386:Pompano
358:Y alloy
198:and/or
101:scholar
3252:(1784)
3246:(1769)
3212:(1908)
3206:(1862)
3187:(1812)
3179:(1805)
3169:Murray
3160:(1803)
3139:(1804)
3133:(1803)
3127:(1803)
3121:(1801)
3091:(1788)
3085:(1786)
3079:(1785)
3073:(1783)
3067:(1782)
3048:(1781)
3040:(1779)
3034:(1778)
3028:(1777)
3020:(1768)
2992:(1795)
2986:(1760)
2978:(1725)
2959:(1698)
2925:Stroke
2890:Piston
2875:Cutoff
2748:Yarrow
2700:Launch
2695:Scotch
2456:Sleeve
2451:Poppet
2436:Piston
2417:Valves
2409:Valves
2235:system
2038:Stroke
1879:Tappet
1849:Piston
1718:Portal
1506:Airbox
1485:Dynamo
1212:Piston
1202:Stroke
1181:layout
1109:series
828:, not
391:H.O.R.
346:forged
338:forged
242:Piston
194:via a
160:piston
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2858:Other
2662:Flued
2647:Wagon
2571:Crank
2514:Lentz
2504:Baker
2499:Allan
2424:Slide
2242:Avgas
2178:EICAS
1678:Other
1302:Valve
1272:Chest
812:Notes
697:gases
687:Pumps
659:wall.
340:from
212:ports
208:valve
204:fluid
168:pumps
108:JSTOR
94:books
3010:Beam
2551:Beam
2461:Bash
2441:Drop
2384:Watt
2231:Fuel
2173:EFIS
1963:Bore
1660:Sump
1177:bank
1138:Bore
609:rope
371:had
360:and
334:cast
178:and
80:news
2829:Jet
2657:Box
2489:Joy
2479:Gab
1645:Oil
1234:and
1119:and
674:or
635:or
336:or
266:An
63:by
3302::
1666:,
1179:,
989:.
699:.
670:,
571:.
515:A
425:.
322:.
174:,
170:,
158:A
2357:e
2350:t
2343:v
1757:e
1750:t
1743:v
1670:)
1662:(
1183:)
1175:(
1088:e
1081:t
1074:v
1038:.
1000:.
893:.
872:.
832:.
611:.
262:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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