475:. The military feared that the founding principles of the Turkish Republic were being eroded, and there was growing public dissatisfaction with Menderes' perceived intolerance of criticism. The military junta stayed in power for the next eighteen months, trying several top DP leaders for unconstitutional rule and high treason. Three of them, including Menderes, were executed. Five others, including Bayar, were sentenced to life imprisonment. The party was officially suppressed on September 29, 1960.
58:
1879:
1256:
220:
1212:
449:, the DP blocked opposition parties from forming electoral alliances. While the opposition parties won the popular vote, this was not represented in parliament due to the winner-takes-all electoral system used at the time. The DP continued their authoritarian policies until 1960 saw the country's political situation rapidly deteriorate.
438:. The economic policies pursued under the DP rule had led to high inflation rates, shortages of critical goods, and poor economic development. Additionally, the DP government began showing a deep authoritarian streak. In the years ahead, the DP increasingly suppressed opposition within their own party and with that of rival parties and
368:
By 1950, the
Democrat Party had come to portray itself as the champions of the Turkish people, resentful of the CHP and ruling elite classes, despite the fact that most of its leaders were members of this same bureaucratic class. The Democrat Party exploited the CHP's association with Westernization,
344:
But other factors were already at work in undermining the rule of the
Republican People’s Party— namely, the stagnant nature of the economy. Within the CHP and throughout the country, a rift was forming between statists and liberals, and that rift was magnified with the passage of the land reform
417:
and strengthened its ties with the West, an effort to protect against potential Soviet expansionism. Menderes and the
Democrat Party became increasingly more involved in issues of national security, and it is often thought that they highlighted these efforts to draw attention away from the poor
483:
The
Democrat Party was founded in 1946 to oppose the ruling Republican People's Party, which had established the Turkish Republic and had remained in power from the founding of the Republic through 1950. Its founding members were all well-respected figures in the CHP before breaking off and
433:
were again overwhelmingly won by the
Democrat Party and Menderes remained Prime Minister. However, by 1955 widespread support for the DP began to deteriorate due to the nation's worsening economic situation, partly due to Marshall Plan aid running out. To distract citizens from the economy,
340:
in 1938, the opposition was weak and confined to 5 - 8% of the parliament. On
November 1, 1945, İnönü made a speech in which he formally invited the formation of opposition parties in order to align Turkey with the democratic principles that had emerged victorious in the war.
630:(Doğru Yol Partisi) was founded in 1983 as a successor party of the Justice Party. In 1987, a passed referendum allowed pre-1980 politicians to participate in political life again, allowing Demirel to become leader of his political movement again. DYP and its rival
400:
The new
Democratic-controlled Parliament offered a new, broadened political elite. There was a shift from members with military and bureaucratic backgrounds to those with commercial backgrounds and increased representation from small provinces (opposed to mainly
364:
with no surprise. In the four years that spanned before the next election, İnönü and the CHP tried desperately to reaffirm their popularity in the
Republic, but voters were unconvinced that the party could implement any real change after 27 years in power.
369:
a source of hostility for the public and a sign they were losing touch with their citizenry. Following the example of the DP, the CHP extended its efforts into the villages to compete for votes, inducting the peasantry into politics for the first time.
493:
and the first parliament which restricted the distance they could put between themselves and the CHP. Although it supported the resurgence of Islam, Democrat Party MPs who supported the creation of an
Islamic state were expelled from the party.
585:
became leader of the right-wing AP in 1964. With his position as leader of the preeminent DP-successor party, Demirel became one of Turkey's major political figures, and AP one of Turkey's major political parties. It was banned after the
488:
which prevented the DP from differing substantially in practice from its predecessor, although it held notable variances in platform. Additionally, the DP still had to function within the confines of the 1924 constitution established by
331:
realized that if he did not invite opposition against the CHP, Turkey would fall into social upheaval: one-party governments were no longer seen as acceptable means of rule for modern states. Though the
2022:
657:
In
November 1992, at what was declared to be the party's 5th Grand Conference, several former members relaunched the Democrat Party under the same name and emblem. It was at first led by
1244:
1097:, Frank Tachau, Mary-Jo D. Good. Comparative Politics, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Jul., 1973), pp. 551-573. Published by: Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York.
1864:
2177:
2315:
2290:
360:
Due to the Democrat Party’s infancy and its inability to fully organize or establish rapport with the Turkish public immediately after its conception, they lost the
2232:
686:
In the 2007 DYP congress, DYP and ANAP announced a merger and for the occasion renamed itself to the Democrat Party. While the merger failed in the lead up to the
2295:
645:, the party was not able to surpass the 10% threshold and received no seats in the National Assembly. In a 2007 party convention, it renamed itself to the modern
565:
Though the military executed Menderes, the military was overall sympathetic with the DP's policies, as was much of the country, particularly the peasants. In the
668:
The relaunched Democratic Party never entertained mainstream politics, and did not participate in Turkey's elections of 2002. Other recent leaders have included
2300:
1537:
409:). Despite attacks on İnönü and the CHP's efforts to orient Turkey with the West, the Democrats under Menderes continued this trend. After several busts of
392:
and Celal Bayar became president. The peaceful transition to power from the CHP to the DP marked the beginning of a competitive political system in Turkey.
1237:
1044:
304:
2310:
1543:
2182:
1917:
1857:
413:
were vandalized, the DP Government introduced Law No.5816 on the 31 July 1951, which prohibited the defamation of Atatürk. In 1952, Turkey joined
1642:
1222:
1842:
2305:
1905:
1216:
850:
2217:
2167:
2162:
2097:
1507:
1483:
1230:
626:
With the 1980 coup, all political parties were banned, including the use of their names and logos, while party leaders were imprisoned. The
2264:
1631:
1260:
513:, but did not pursue it with quite the same vigour. It was also less militantly secular than the Republican People's Party, and championed
1873:
1549:
1432:
1414:
707:
284:
235:
2127:
2042:
1953:
1850:
1597:
1191:
2122:
1894:
1525:
1384:
389:
377:
276:
1301:
1172:, Ilter Turan. International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Nov., 1986), pp. 455-472. Cambridge University Press.
2207:
1965:
1802:
1654:
1295:
681:
646:
32:
1313:
605:
599:
501:, the Democrat Party was more interested in privatizing state industries that had helped jump-start the Turkish Republic after
136:
28:
2037:
1983:
1555:
1349:
1609:
587:
464:
458:
1787:
665:, son of Adnan, who was elected the party's third leader in February 1994. He led until a crippling road accident in 1996.
509:
now that the country was no longer nascent. The Democrat Party did not repudiate the Republican People's Party's policy of
2092:
1160:, Ayşegül Sever. Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2 (April, 1998), pp. 73-90. Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
810:
787:
764:
741:
691:
687:
642:
609:
566:
446:
430:
373:
361:
1085:, Arnold Leder. Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Jan., 1979), pp. 82-105. Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
2212:
2107:
2052:
2047:
2032:
2012:
1941:
1911:
1343:
757:
300:
154:
118:
350:
2137:
2062:
1438:
1408:
1402:
1078:
1076:
506:
354:
1573:
1489:
1283:
528:, "Iron Kırat". The horse Kırat was a character in popular Turkish legend; it was the horse and trusted companion of
1699:
578:
2202:
2152:
1923:
1366:
1337:
333:
2227:
2187:
1531:
1519:
1471:
1396:
1319:
631:
2320:
2192:
2157:
2132:
2112:
2102:
1971:
1624:
1450:
1426:
1325:
1289:
695:
468:
1048:
410:
2147:
2142:
2087:
1513:
1501:
1495:
1477:
1460:
1455:
570:
132:
328:
2237:
2222:
1818:
1777:
1742:
1689:
1646:
1390:
1378:
845:
574:
554:
128:
418:
economic health of the nation, a tactic that would not remain successful for long. The economy grew with
2067:
2027:
1977:
1372:
1331:
1824:
1730:
27:
This article is about the historical Democrat Party in Turkey. For the party established in 1970, see
2197:
2077:
2057:
1579:
1465:
1420:
1354:
840:
497:
The main differences in platform between the two lay in economic policy. While the CHP was guided by
439:
159:
2172:
2117:
1754:
1748:
1736:
1705:
1617:
1277:
1011:
Problematizing the intellectual and political vestiges: From 'welfare' to 'justice and development'
855:
637:
In 1993, Demirel stepped down as leader of DYP when he was elected Turkey's 9th president, picking
582:
560:
532:, a Robin Hood-type hero who championed causes of the common people against the oppressive regime.
337:
240:
163:
669:
484:
establishing the Democrat Party. For this reason, both political parties had ideologies rooted in
17:
2269:
1444:
1360:
1136:
1018:
917:
520:
The party's logo, a galloping white horse, comes from the strong resemblance of the foreign word
345:
bill of 1945. Although the bill was passed, 4 CHP parliamentarians, Celal Bayar, Adnan Menderes,
230:
178:
426:
state industry that had 27 years of protected growth under the CHP's statist economic policy.
307:. The party ″facilitated the resurgence of Islam, especially at the popular level, in Turkey″.
2072:
1947:
1830:
1812:
1187:
1128:
662:
2082:
1959:
1120:
965:
658:
529:
381:
256:
57:
2259:
1716:
1650:
1030:
929:
627:
621:
435:
280:
1760:
638:
472:
288:
943:
1935:
1766:
1678:
1672:
1271:
1095:
The Anatomy of Political and Social Change: Turkish Parties, Parliaments, and Elections
703:
510:
414:
385:
346:
296:
292:
78:
68:
987:
376:, the Democrat Party enjoyed a landslide victory and won the majority of seats in the
2284:
1591:
423:
419:
303:(Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) during the national elections of 1950 and ending Turkey's
1585:
1567:
1083:
Party Competition in Rural Turkey: Agent of Change or Defender of Traditional Rule?
316:
268:
183:
1124:
357:, and were expelled from the CHP. They formed the Democrat Party that same year.
2242:
641:
to become leader of the party to succeed him as well as his premiership. In the
502:
380:, surprising many, especially the Democrats themselves. This was because of the
324:
1929:
1170:
The Recruitment of Cabinet Ministers as a Political Process: Turkey, 1946-1979
699:
608:, which included many former DP leaders. It received 11.9% of the vote in the
490:
319:
played a large role in the emergence of the Democrat Party. A condemnation of
299:, it was the first of the opposition parties to rise to power, de-seating the
1132:
336:- an opposition group of independents - was formed upon İnönü's assention as
219:
910:
Beyond Military Tutelage?: Turkish Military Politics and the AKP Government
604:
In 1970, the Justice Party's conservative wing broke away and launched the
1211:
2017:
514:
485:
402:
171:
1140:
1108:
1157:
1082:
498:
320:
1169:
1094:
434:
xenophobia was employed against the remaining Greeks of Turkey in the
1878:
1255:
706:. It received one seat in the elected from İyi Parti's lists. In the
406:
272:
146:
634:(ANAP) will be Turkey's preeminent center-right political parties.
1561:
1158:
The Compliant Ally? Turkey and the West in the Middle East 1954-58
1144:
1062:
1060:
1058:
569:, neo-DP parties captured 48% of the vote, among them being the
2001:
1891:
1846:
1613:
1226:
877:
Harmonizing Foreign Policy: Turkey, the EU and the Middle East
966:"Demokrat Parti'nin "Atatürk Sevgisi" (1954) Belgesel Filmi"
690:, DP and ANAP were eventually able to merge in 2009. In the
517:
which gained it wide support among Turkey’s intelligentsia.
275:, and the country's third legal opposition party, after the
1045:"Democratic Party (Turkey) - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
1184:
Popular Movements and Democratization in the Islamic World
2023:
Association for Defence of National Rights Movement Party
2003:
Minor parties (without representation above local level)
31:. For the new party of the name founded in 2007, see
892:
Torn Country: Turkey Between Secularism and Islamism
1801:
1776:
1715:
1688:
1661:
1109:"Nationalism and Islam in Cold War Turkey, 1944–69"
212:
189:
177:
153:
142:
124:
114:
99:
84:
74:
64:
43:
944:"Kemalizm ve Demokrasi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme"
384:system employed in the elections. Their leader,
1858:
1625:
1238:
903:
901:
8:
279:(Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) established by
1998:
1888:
1865:
1851:
1843:
1723:
1632:
1618:
1610:
1245:
1231:
1223:
710:it received three seats from CHP's lists.
540:were often interchanged by the peasantry.
40:
990:. Atatürk Ansiklopedisi. 16 February 2021
908:Akça, İsmet; Balter-Paker, Evren (2013).
2316:Political parties disestablished in 1960
1526:Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP)
717:
287:(Milli Kalkınma Partisi) established by
1433:National Women's Party of Turkey (TUKP)
867:
612:. By 1980, the party dissolved itself.
463:On May 27, 1960, the DP government was
2178:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
1544:Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP)
1538:Social Democratic People's Party (SHP)
1026:
1016:
968:. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi. March 2021
925:
915:
355:a motion criticizing party regulations
2296:Political parties established in 1946
1918:Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party
1302:Democratic Left People's Party (DSHP)
7:
1338:Electronic Democracy Party (e-Parti)
1070:Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2003.
661:, but the most prominent leader was
2301:Defunct political parties in Turkey
2291:Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)
2233:Workers' Peasants' Party of Turkey
2218:Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey
1508:Progressive Republican Party (TCF)
1484:People's Communist Party of Turkey
1344:Equality and Democracy Party (EDP)
719:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
25:
18:Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)
1439:Nationalist Democracy Party (MDP)
323:coincided with the defeat of the
2311:1960 disestablishments in Turkey
2208:Socialist Party of the Oppressed
1877:
1550:Socialist Revolution Party (SDP)
1490:People's Democracy Party (HADEP)
1415:National Development Party (MKP)
1254:
1210:
682:Democrat Party (Turkey, current)
218:
56:
33:Democrat Party (Turkey, current)
1532:Republican Reliance Party (CGP)
1472:Peace and Democracy Party (BDP)
1320:Democratic Progress Party (DGP)
1068:Turkey: The Quest for Identity.
600:Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970)
573:(Yeni Türkiye Partisi) and the
29:Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970)
1574:Turkish Villagers' Party (TKP)
1562:Social Democracy Party (SODEP)
1427:National Salvation Party (MSP)
1385:Liberal Republican Party (SCF)
1326:Democratic Society Party (DTP)
912:. Lexington Books. p. 79.
1:
2306:1946 establishments in Turkey
1906:Justice and Development Party
1598:Workers Party of Turkey (TİP)
1514:Republican Nation Party (CMP)
1296:Democratic Center Party (DMP)
1217:Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946)
851:Justice and Development Party
38:Political party in Turkey
2213:Socialist Refoundation Party
2183:Revolutionary Workers' Party
2098:Independent Republican Party
2048:Conservative Ascension Party
2033:Communist Movement of Turkey
2013:Alternative and Change Party
1942:Democracy and Progress Party
1261:Historical parties in Turkey
1182:Kisaichi, Masatoshi (2011).
1125:10.1080/00263206.2014.911177
577:(Adalet Partisi) founded by
465:overthrown by military group
291:in 1945. Founded and led by
2063:Freedom and Socialism Party
1893:Parties represented in the
1874:Political parties in Turkey
1556:Socialist Unity Party (SBP)
1332:Democrat Turkey Party (DTP)
708:2023 parliamentary election
103:29 September 1960
2337:
2203:Socialist Liberation Party
2153:Party for Change in Turkey
1924:Nationalist Movement Party
1496:People's Voice Party (HAS)
1478:People's Labor Party (HEP)
1421:National Order Party (MNP)
1355:Great Anatolia Party (BAP)
1186:. Routledge. p. 167.
679:
619:
597:
558:
552:
456:
315:The events and outcome of
285:National Development Party
26:
2265:List of political parties
2255:
2188:Rights and Freedoms Party
2168:People's Liberation Party
2163:Peoples' Democratic Party
2043:Communist Party of Turkey
2008:
1997:
1912:Republican People's Party
1901:
1887:
1726:
1278:Bright Turkey Party (ATP)
1267:
821:
798:
775:
750:
694:, it participated in the
301:Republican People's Party
226:
217:
119:Republican People's Party
55:
2193:Rights and Justice Party
2133:Nation and Justice Party
2123:Liberal Democratic Party
2113:Labourist Movement Party
2103:Independent Turkey Party
1972:Democratic Regions Party
1954:Workers' Party of Turkey
1451:New Party (Turkey, 1993)
1361:Great Turkey Party (BTP)
1013:. Routledge. p. 42.
469:National Unity Committee
459:1960 Turkish coup d'état
277:Liberal Republican Party
88:7 January 1946
2148:National Struggle Party
1461:New Turkey Party (2002)
1456:New Turkey Party (1961)
1397:Motherland Party (ANAP)
1272:Anatolia Party (ANAPAR)
594:Democratic Party (1970)
453:27 May 1960 coup d'état
362:1946 national elections
179:Political position
1778:True Path Party (2007)
1113:Middle Eastern Studies
1107:Aytürk, İlker (2014).
1009:Yıldız, Ahmet (2008).
879:. Ashgate. p. 89.
846:Conservatism in Turkey
555:Justice Party (Turkey)
2093:Homeland Party (2021)
2088:Homeland Party (2002)
1984:Democratic Left Party
1520:Republican Party (CP)
1350:Free Democratic Party
1314:Democratic Party (DP)
1290:Democracy Party (DEP)
1051:on September 3, 2014.
946:. Fatma Yurttaş. 2008
894:. Hoover Institution.
890:Baran, Zeyno (2010).
875:Özcan, Mesut (2008).
676:Democrat Party (2007)
653:Democrat Party (1992)
524:to the Turkish words
411:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
2198:Social Freedom Party
2058:Democracy Time Party
1219:at Wikimedia Commons
841:Liberalism in Turkey
160:Liberal conservatism
2053:Crescent Star Party
1819:Hüsamettin Cindoruk
1743:Hüsamettin Cindoruk
1502:Populist Party (HP)
1308:Democrat Party (DP)
720:
507:War of Independence
271:political party in
164:Right-wing populism
2270:Politics of Turkey
1825:Namık Kemal Zeybek
1592:Welfare Party (RP)
1391:Liberty Party (HP)
1379:Justice Party (AP)
718:
452:
231:Politics of Turkey
205:Purple (customary)
2278:
2277:
2251:
2250:
2073:Great Unity Party
1993:
1992:
1948:New Welfare Party
1840:
1839:
1797:
1796:
1731:Ahmet Nusret Tuna
1607:
1606:
1586:Virtue Party (FP)
1568:Turkey Party (TP)
1409:Nation Party (MP)
1403:Nation Party (MP)
1373:Greens Party (YP)
1215:Media related to
832:
831:
544:Successor Parties
471:, led by General
440:stifled the press
378:National Assembly
334:Independent Group
283:in 1930, and the
267:for short) was a
249:
248:
236:Political parties
125:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2328:
2128:Motherland Party
2083:Green Left Party
1999:
1960:Free Cause Party
1889:
1882:
1881:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1749:Süleyman Demirel
1724:
1706:Süleyman Demirel
1634:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1580:Unity Party (BP)
1466:Peace Party (BP)
1259:
1258:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1224:
1214:
1198:
1197:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1071:
1064:
1053:
1052:
1047:. Archived from
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
940:
934:
933:
927:
923:
921:
913:
905:
896:
895:
887:
881:
880:
872:
856:Süleyman Demirel
824:
801:
778:
753:
721:
714:Election results
659:Hayrettin Erkmen
632:Motherland Party
606:Democratic Party
583:Süleyman Demirel
571:New Turkey Party
561:Süleyman Demirel
382:winner-takes-all
327:, and President
222:
204:
198:
137:Democratic Party
133:New Turkey Party
110:
108:
95:
93:
60:
41:
21:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2321:Istanbul pogrom
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2260:Portal:Politics
2247:
2223:True Path Party
2158:Patriotic Party
2038:Communist Party
2004:
1989:
1897:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1841:
1836:
1805:
1793:
1788:Çetin Özaçıkgöz
1780:
1772:
1719:
1717:True Path Party
1711:
1700:Ragıp Gümüşpala
1692:
1684:
1665:
1657:
1651:True Path Party
1641:
1638:
1608:
1603:
1284:Citizen's Party
1263:
1253:
1251:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1025:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
986:
985:
981:
971:
969:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
942:
941:
937:
924:
914:
907:
906:
899:
889:
888:
884:
874:
873:
869:
864:
837:
825:
822:
802:
799:
779:
776:
754:
751:
716:
696:Nation Alliance
684:
678:
655:
628:True Path Party
624:
622:True Path Party
618:
616:True Path Party
602:
596:
579:Ragıp Gümüşpala
563:
557:
551:
546:
481:
461:
455:
436:Istanbul Pogrom
398:
313:
281:Ali Fethi Okyar
245:
208:
202:
196:
170:
166:
162:
135:
131:
115:Split from
106:
104:
91:
89:
51:
50:
47:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2282:
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1978:Labour Party
1781:2007–present
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730:Vote %
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184:Centre-right
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143:Headquarters
2243:Young Party
2078:Green Party
1827:(2011–2012)
1821:(2009–2011)
1815:(2008–2009)
1769:(2002–2007)
1767:Mehmet Ağar
1763:(1993–2002)
1751:(1987–1993)
1745:(1985–1987)
1739:(1983–1985)
1720:(1983–2007)
1708:(1964–1981)
1702:(1961–1964)
1693:(1961–1981)
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1673:Celâl Bayar
1666:(1946–1960)
1588:(1998–2001)
1492:(1994–2003)
1474:(2008–2014)
1399:(1983–2009)
1381:(1961–1980)
1367:Green Party
1340:(2014–2016)
1334:(1997–2008)
1286:(1986-1986)
1280:(1998–2010)
1027:|work=
926:|work=
736:Government
538:Demir Kırat
526:Demir Kırat
503:World War I
467:called the
424:privatizing
329:İsmet İnönü
325:Axis Powers
293:Celâl Bayar
79:Celâl Bayar
2285:Categories
2118:Left Party
1930:Good Party
1895:Parliament
1119:(5): 701.
988:"Kemalizm"
862:References
815:4,497,811
792:5,313,659
769:4,241,393
559:See also:
213:Party flag
107:1960-09-29
92:1946-01-07
1600:(1961–87)
1594:(1983–98)
1582:(1966–81)
1576:(1952–58)
1570:(2009–12)
1564:(1983–85)
1558:(1991–95)
1552:(1975–95)
1546:(1985–95)
1540:(2002–10)
1534:(1967–81)
1528:(1958–69)
1522:(1972–73)
1516:(1954–58)
1510:(1924–25)
1504:(1983–85)
1498:(2010–12)
1486:(2014–17)
1480:(1990–93)
1468:(1996–99)
1447:(2008–12)
1445:New Party
1441:(1983–86)
1435:(1972–81)
1429:(1972–81)
1423:(1970–71)
1417:(1945–58)
1411:(1962–77)
1405:(1948–53)
1393:(1955–58)
1375:(2008–12)
1369:(1988–94)
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1346:(2010–12)
1328:(2005–09)
1322:(2014–15)
1316:(1970–80)
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1304:(2009–10)
1298:(1990–91)
1292:(1993–94)
1274:(2014–15)
1133:0026-3206
1029:ignored (
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918:cite book
823:424 / 610
800:503 / 541
777:408 / 487
700:İyi Parti
588:1980 coup
388:, became
338:President
241:Elections
65:President
2018:AS Party
1141:24585883
835:See also
752:64 / 465
534:Demokrat
522:Demokrat
515:populism
505:and the
486:Kemalism
479:Ideology
403:Istanbul
172:Kemalism
155:Ideology
149:, Turkey
1790:(2007–)
530:Köroğlu
499:statism
491:Atatürk
445:In the
396:1950–60
372:In the
353:signed
321:fascism
311:History
257:Turkish
190:Colours
105: (
90: (
85:Founded
75:Founder
1757:(1993)
1733:(1983)
1387:(1930)
1363:(1983)
1190:
1139:
1131:
733:Seats
727:Votes
407:Ankara
349:, and
273:Turkey
203:
197:
147:Ankara
100:Banned
1914:(128)
1908:(266)
1145:JSTOR
1137:JSTOR
818:48.6
795:58.4
772:53.3
724:Year
1944:(15)
1938:(20)
1932:(30)
1926:(50)
1920:(57)
1188:ISBN
1129:ISSN
1031:help
996:2021
974:2021
952:2021
930:help
811:1957
788:1954
765:1950
742:1946
702:and
536:and
429:The
415:NATO
295:and
251:The
1986:(1)
1980:(2)
1974:(2)
1968:(3)
1962:(4)
1956:(4)
1950:(4)
1121:doi
828:DP
805:DP
782:DP
758:CHP
405:or
2287::
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