229:
352:
525:... The chief trouble with "the Democrat party" is that it makes the Republicans saying it sound both illiterate and coy, and, so, is like a shotgun that is all kick and no fire ... A party whose membership is down to 22 percent of the electorate, as the Republican party is, hardly needs ways to irritate voters from the opposing party whom it must seduce if it is to succeed.
640:, said it was "like nails on a chalkboard", although congressional historian Julian E. Zelizer has opined that "It's hard to disentangle whether that's an intentional slight". Political analyst Charlie Cook doubted it was a deliberate attempt to offend Democrats, saying Republicans "have been so long that they probably don't even realize they're doing it".
650:
has used the phrase repeatedly, both during his presidential campaign and as president. In a July 2018 campaign rally, he said that "The
Democratic Party sounds too good so I don't want to use that, OK?" He added, "I call it the Democrat Party. It sounds better rhetorically." At a September 2018
843:
I'd like to begin by saying to my colleague from Texas that there isn't a single member on this side of the aisle that belongs to the "Democrat Party". We belong to the
Democratic Party. So the party you were referring to doesn't even exist. And I would just appreciate the courtesy when you're
194:
We're losing our inflections—the special endings we use to distinguish between adjectives and nouns, for instance. There's a tendency to modify a noun with another noun rather than an adjective. Some may speak of 'the
Ukraine election' rather than 'the Ukrainian election' or 'the election in
302:
The great
Democrat party, laying down the sceptre of power in 1860, after ruling this country under free trade for a quarter of a century, left our treasury bankrupt, and gave as a legacy to the Republican party, a gigantic rebellion and a treasury without a single dollar of money in
751:, NPR's senior Washington editor, it was the organization's policy to call parties by the name that they use to refer to themselves, saying: "We should not refer to Democrat ideas or Democrat votes. Any deviation from that by NPR reporters on air or online should be corrected".
134:
There's no great mystery about the motives behind this deliberate misnaming. "Democrat Party" is a slur, or intended to be—a handy way to express contempt. Aesthetic judgments are subjective, of course, but "Democrat Party" is jarring verging on ugly. It fairly screams
412:
states that "In 1912, Wilson was the
Democrat Party nominee for President ..." On July 14, 1922, a newspaper in Keytesville, Missouri, posted an advertisement for its primary elections with the Democratic candidates identified as "Representing: Democrat Party".
643:
Bush joked about the issue in a
February 4, 2007 speech to House Democrats, stating "Now look, my diction isn't all that good. I have been accused of occasionally mangling the English language. And so I appreciate you inviting the head of the Republic Party."
950:
Platform analysts noted that, while the 1968 version was not as highly critical of the
Administration as the 1964 model, the GOP did revert to the epithet of 'Democrat' party. The phrase had been used in 1952 and 1956 but not in 1960 and
803:
Issa denied that he intended to use "fighting words", to which
Matthews replied, "They call themselves the Democratic Party. Let's just call people what they call themselves and stop the Mickey Mouse here—save that for the
209:
The real reason 'Democrat Party' is wrong is not because it's ungrammatical, but because it's incorrect in another way—the party is simply not named the
Democrat Party, but the Democratic Party. Calling it anything else is
688:
opined that the name of the organization is a clue that its founders were unfamiliar with how registered
Democrats refer to themselves. Deliberate usage of the term as an epithet accelerated in the late 2010s and 2020s.
1772:
798:
Well, I think the Democratic Party calls itself the Democratic Party, not the Democrat Party. Do we have to do this every night? Why do people talk like this? Is this just fighting words to get the name
2208:
Talking right : how conservatives turned liberalism into a tax-raising, latte-drinking, sushi-eating, Volvo-driving, New York Times-reading, body-piercing, Hollywood-loving, left-wing freak show
47:, often used in a disparaging fashion by the party's opponents. While use of the term started out as non-hostile, it has grown in its negative use since the 1940s, in particular by members of the
533:, use of the term was a point of contention among the delegates. When a member of the Republican platform committee asked unanimous consent to change the phrasing of a platform amendment to read
763:
Party" instead of "Republican Party". The committee failed to accept the proposal, "explaining that Republican is the name by which our opponents' product is known and mistrusted".
2293:
1720:
2283:
655:
in 2019, he stated he liked to say, "the 'Democrat Party,' because it doesn't sound good. But that's all the more reason I use it, because it doesn't." During the first
175:, and William and Mary Morris. In particular, the latter have written: "It is the idiotic creation of some of the least responsible members of the Republican Party."
143:
tested the phrase with a focus group in 2001, and concluded that the only people who really disliked the epithet were highly partisan Democrats. Political analyst
1702:
1617:
1899:
1816:
421:
The noun-as-adjective has been used by Republican leaders since the 1940s, and in most GOP national platforms since 1948 and began being popularized by
2278:
574:: Republican leaders "explained they wanted to make the subtle point that the Democratic Party had become elitist". A proposal to use the term in the
667:
652:
575:
479:
442:
2142:
1747:
556:
2238:
2215:
2175:
2131:
2102:
2081:
2058:
2050:
The Beltway Bible: A Totally Serious A-Z Guide to Our No-Good, Corrupt, Incompetent, Terrible, Depressing, and Sometimes Hilarious Government
2037:
1258:
974:
909:
1133:
1099:
824:
599:
1275:
530:
460:
1861:
1724:
656:
675:
628:, although the advance copy that was given to members of Congress read "Democratic majority". Democrats complained about the use of
391:
52:
373:
366:
2249:
1835:
1036:
660:
48:
44:
625:
337:
is going to rule the Democrat Party in America—yet it is this, and not output, on which the proximate value of silver depends.
603:
463:"the GOP did revert to the epithet of 'Democrat' party. The phrase had been used in 1952 and 1956 but not in 1960 and 1964".
272:
609:
often used the noun-as-adjective when referring to the Democratic Party. Ruth Marcus, an opinion writer and columnist for
430:
86:
1787:
1648:
1195:
871:
778:
563:
gained new currency when the Republican Party, led by Gingrich, gained control of the House of Representatives in 1994.
1967:
56:
1625:
1400:
1065:
85:
implied to listeners that Democrats "are somehow the anointed custodians of the concept of democracy". According to
2165:
964:
651:
rally he suggested that "When you see 'Democratic Party,' it's wrong. There's no name, 'Democratic Party.'" At the
67:
2121:
1903:
991:
482:, explained that because the Democratic Party was at that time partly controlled by undemocratic city bosses, "by
362:
1546:
1345:
698:
309:
147:
attributed modern use of the term to force of habit rather than a deliberate epithet by Republicans. Journalist
867:
148:
1676:
1938:
723:
615:, wrote in 2006, "The derisive use of 'Democrat' in this way was a Bush staple during the recent campaign".
455:
426:
425:
in 1946. By the early 1950s, the term was in widespread use among Republicans of all factions. When Senator
767:
suggested "The Republicants" as suitably comparable in terms of negative connotation in an April 29, 2007,
155:, and Hertzberg calls use of the term "a minor irritation" and also "the partisan equivalent of flashing a
549:
objected, saying that would be "an insult to our Democratic friends;" the committee dropped the proposal.
422:
1575:
1160:
932:
2152:
1703:"There may be a reason Trump keeps saying "Democrat" instead of "Democratic" in his attacks on party"
1653:
1200:
769:
611:
499:
1444:
717:
295:
195:
Ukraine', for instance. It's 'the Iraq war' rather than 'the Iraqi war', to give another example.
1107:
1364:
81:
Language expert Roy Copperud said it was used by Republicans who disliked the implication that
2288:
2234:
2211:
2171:
2127:
2098:
2077:
2054:
2033:
1452:
1283:
1254:
1156:
999:
970:
941:
905:
121:
2194:
2048:
1995:
1817:"'Democrat Voters Against Joe Biden' Group Has Trump Fanatics, a Psychic, but No Actual Dems"
1329:
1248:
901:
1839:
1436:
1405:
706:
542:
334:
260:
101:
in order to maintain a distinction from the broader, positive associations of the adjective
120:"does conveniently rhyme with autocrat, plutocrat, and worst of all, bureaucrat". In 2006,
1771:
By Paul Farhi "'The Democrat Party': Trump needles the opposition by truncating its name"
729:
680:
559:, relied heavily on words and phrases that cast Democrats in a negative light. The phrase
522:
475:
446:
152:
510:, should not be called a 'Democratic Party.' It should be called the 'Democrat Party.'"
1298:
1165:
1129:
812:
791:
764:
684:, the former found only one registered Democrat for its testimonies by September 2020;
606:
491:
471:
409:
330:
126:
109:
74:
had been employed "in recent years by some right-wing Republicans" because the party's
17:
228:
2272:
2227:
2092:
2026:
1594:
894:
587:
552:
514:
291:
201:
2070:
1972:
832:
828:
805:
787:
647:
637:
633:
503:
438:
268:
172:
144:
1862:"GOP Strategists Christen 'Democrat [sic] Party' — and the Media Comply"
583:
555:, in his efforts in the 1980s and 1990s to produce a Republican majority in the
483:
351:
140:
759:
In the mid-1950s, members of the Democratic National Committee proposed using "
566:
In 1996, the wording throughout the Republican Party platform was changed from
97:"is in keeping with a longstanding tradition among Republicans of dropping the
1505:
1472:
1381:
783:
748:
521:
The origin of this illiterate phrase, goes back, I believe to the era of Sen.
487:
40:
1526:
1003:
945:
670:, a conservative advocacy group created the website "Democrat Voters Against
78:
name implied that the Democrats were "the only true adherents of democracy".
1456:
671:
663:—or Democrat, as I call them—governors—which is actually the correct term."
546:
467:
279:), including the Democrats themselves, as the Federalists in the 1790s used
276:
264:
156:
1196:"President's Sin of Omission? (Dropped Syllable in Speech Riles Democrats)"
51:—in party platforms, partisan speeches, and press releases—as well as by
760:
495:
287:
167:
Among authors of dictionaries and usage guides who state that the use of
659:
press conference, he advanced this usage with, "... governors including
178:
In 2005, Ruth Walker, who has been the long-time language columnist for
1792:
507:
318:
36:
1448:
314:
27:
Political epithet used to insult the Democratic Party (United States)
437:
and would continue to do so, which contrasted with his predecessor,
186:
is the correct term in most instances, placed the adjectival use of
1440:
1250:
The Christian Science Monitor: An Evolving Experiment in Journalism
926:
924:
1506:"Democrat Party? — Suggestion for GOP: Drop the Illiterate Phrase"
816:
2233:(4th ed.). Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press.
1788:"False claim: Trump said "hundreds of governors" are calling him"
578:
for similar reasons was voted down, with leaders choosing to use
259:
In American history, many parties were named by their opponents (
1513:. Fort Lauderdale, Fla. New York Times News Service. p. 3E.
1369:. Vol. VI. Chicago: Holst Publishing Company. p. 3158.
836:
151:
stated that Republicans likely only continue to employ the term
736:
711:
345:
223:
1140:. Vol. 28, no. 27–52. Washington, DC. p. 1615.
2250:"What's in an adjective? 'Democrat Party' label on the rise"
1836:"What's in an adjective? 'Democrat Party' label on the rise"
1037:"What's in an adjective? 'Democrat Party' label on the rise"
1900:"Ombudsman, "Since When Did It Become the Democrat Party?""
1480:. Cincinnati, Ohio. Herald Tribune News Service. p. 1.
1081:
1079:
1473:"Big Change: Morton To Say Democratic, Not Democrat Party"
582:. "We probably should use what the actual name is," said
1996:"Rep. Kaptur Scolds GOP: 'Democrat Party' Doesn't Exist"
1331:
Proceedings... Annual Meeting of the Michigan Club: 1889
701:, the "ungrammatical" and "partisan" use of the phrase
240:
2126:. Franklin, Beedle & Associates, Inc. p. 56.
1748:"Fact-checking Donald Trump's rally in Wheeling, W.Va"
1100:"What are the most common American political insults?"
896:
White House Ghosts: Presidents and Their Speechwriters
636:, White House Chief of Staff under Bush's predecessor
171:
as an adjective is ungrammatical are Roy H. Copperud,
1649:"At Democrats' Meeting, Bush Appeals for Cooperation"
1547:"Newt is Back: Can He Raise Trump's Rhetorical Game?"
1427:
Feuerlicht, Ignace (October 1957). "Democrat Party".
1276:"Republicans, Democrats, and the Afghan on the Couch"
1060:
1058:
1647:
Abramowitz, Michael; Kane, Paul (February 4, 2007).
1618:"President Bush Delivers State of the Union Address"
933:"Republicans Adopt Moderate Stance in 1968 Platform"
2226:
2141:Cassidy, Frederic G.; Hall, Joan H., eds. (1991).
2069:
2025:
1616:Office of the Press Secretary (January 23, 2007).
1525:
1504:
1471:
931:
893:
844:referring to our party ... to refer to it as such.
2229:American Political Terms: A historical dictionary
2144:Dictionary of American Regional English: Volume 2
1401:"The Real Origins of the "Democrat Party" Troll"
739:directed its staff in 2010 to use the adjective
1576:"No More 'Democrat Wars' for GOP Spinmeisters?"
841:
796:
590:, the panel's chairman. "At least in writing."
519:
300:
207:
192:
132:
1299:"Names: What's wrong with the "Democrat Party"
1072:. United Press International. August 17, 1984.
433:in 1959, he indicated that he had always said
239: with: Democratic donkey. You can help by
2210:. London: PublicAffairs. pp. 16, 31–32.
2186:Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage
1966:Mullins, Anne Schroeder (February 26, 2009).
887:
885:
790:referred to "a Democrat Congress". The host,
705:has "echoed Republicans" with its use in the
697:According to the left-leaning media watchdog
8:
2294:Republican Party (United States) terminology
1721:"This is a rush transcript from 'The Story'"
1534:. Del Rio, Tex. Associated Press. p. 4.
1151:
1149:
1147:
966:The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage
963:Siegal, Allan M.; Connolly, William (2015).
1569:
1567:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
2284:Political terminology of the United States
2225:Sperber, Hans; Trittschuh, Travis (1969).
1961:
1959:
1595:"Bush Courts Black Voters at Urban League"
1399:Glickman, Lawrence B. (January 21, 2023).
1366:The New Teachers' and Pupils' Cyclopaedia
1106:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
392:Learn how and when to remove this message
2170:. Oxford University Press. p. 258.
1723:. Fox News. July 5, 2018. Archived from
1221:
1085:
1066:"Democrats Find Ally In Republican Camp"
900:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p.
862:
860:
858:
674:", in an apparent attempt to respond to
668:2020 United States presidential election
653:Conservative Political Action Conference
443:National Republican Senatorial Committee
2248:Julie Carr, Smith (February 27, 2021).
2153:"The 'Democratic' or 'Democrat' Party?"
2028:American Usage and Style: The Consensus
1834:Smyth, Julie Carr (February 27, 2021).
1746:Blahut, Mitchell (September 29, 2018).
1380:Chariton County Clerk (July 14, 1922).
1235:Harper Dictionary of Contemporary Usage
854:
2193:Nunberg, Geoffrey (January 19, 2005).
2072:You Could Look It Up: More on Language
1924:
1885:
1815:Markay, Lachlan (September 16, 2020).
1490:
1315:
1233:Morris, William; Morris, Mary (1975).
1023:
557:United States House of Representatives
372:Please improve this section by adding
70:reported in August 1984 that the term
1898:Shepard, Alicia C. (March 26, 2010).
1677:"Bush reaches across partisan divide"
1511:Fort Lauderdale News and Sun-Sentinel
1470:Donovan, Robert J. (April 18, 1959).
1349:under "Democrat" 4 citing the London
990:Taranto, James (September 23, 2011).
406:New Teachers' and Pupils' Cyclopaedia
45:Democratic Party of the United States
7:
1574:Woodward, Calvin (August 26, 2008).
1503:Baker, Russell (September 5, 1976).
1194:Copleand, Libby (January 25, 2007).
825:U.S. Office of Management and Budget
811:In March 2009, after Representative
776:On the February 26, 2009 edition of
313:, the term was used by the press in
105:with democracy and egalitarianism".
2032:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
1675:Levey, Noam H. (February 4, 2007).
531:1984 Republican National Convention
461:1968 Republican National Convention
321:, as a synonym for the more common
2206:Nunberg, Geoffrey (July 3, 2007).
2053:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin.
1968:"Don't Call Democrats, Democrats!"
1937:Yellen, Sherman (April 29, 2007).
1098:Martin, K. C. (November 4, 2014).
657:White House Coronavirus Task Force
25:
2094:Safire's New Political Dictionary
1274:Walker, Ruth (January 27, 2005).
969:(5th ed.). Crown/Archetype.
474:, campaign manager to Republican
2279:Democratic Party (United States)
1545:Braswell, Sean (July 15, 2016).
632:as an adjective in the address;
350:
227:
1701:Lutz, Eric (October 21, 2017).
1328:Michigan Club, Detroit (1890).
1134:"Oh Hell, What's in an Adverb?"
676:Republican Voters Against Trump
626:2007 State of the Union Address
576:August 2008 Republican platform
2123:Common Errors in English Usage
1860:Brown, Joe (August 16, 2006).
199:In 2012, the British magazine
1:
2188:. 1994. pp. 328–29, 667.
2167:Garner's Modern English Usage
1524:Raum, Tom (August 28, 1984).
1388:. Keytesville, Mo. p. 6.
1363:Holst, Bernhart Paul (1919).
819:) repeatedly used the phrase
466:According to William Safire,
431:Republican National Committee
374:secondary or tertiary sources
329:Whether a little farmer from
180:The Christian Science Monitor
1994:Frick, Ali (March 3, 2009).
1382:"Notice of Primary Election"
1297:R.L.G. (February 15, 2012).
892:Schlesinger, Robert (2008).
779:Hardball with Chris Matthews
153:because Democrats dislike it
2310:
1593:AP Staff (July 23, 2004).
872:"One Syllable of Civility"
786:Republican Representative
480:1940 presidential campaign
286:Addressing a gathering of
93:rather than the adjective
68:United Press International
2164:Garner, Bryan A. (2016).
2024:Copperud, Roy H. (1980).
1353:November 15, 1890 p. 676.
1346:Oxford English Dictionary
1280:Christian Science Monitor
1247:Fuller, Linda K. (2011).
992:"Could Nader Hurt Obama?"
699:Media Matters for America
310:Oxford English Dictionary
2195:"The Case for Democracy"
2091:Safire, William (1993).
2068:Safire, William (1988).
1605:– via FoxNews.com.
1253:. ABC-CLIO. p. 81.
600:his inauguration in 2001
190:within a broader trend:
2147:. pp. 37–38, 1036.
1622:WhiteHouse.Archives.gov
1597:. Associated Press (AP)
940:(24th ed.). 1969.
794:, responded by saying:
724:The Wall Street Journal
456:Congressional Quarterly
429:became chairman of the
427:Thruston Ballard Morton
294:Republican Congressman
283:as a term of ridicule.
112:wrote in 1993 that the
18:Democrat Party (phrase)
2047:Nelson, Eliot (2016).
846:
801:
527:
423:Brazilla Carroll Reece
361:relies excessively on
339:
305:
212:
197:
137:
108:Political commentator
2120:Brians, Paul (2003).
1902:. NPR. Archived from
870:(November 22, 2006).
327:
290:Republicans in 1889,
182:, while stating that
449:, both of whom used
139:Republican pollster
2159:. December 7, 2007.
1927:, pp. 163–164.
1774:The Washington Post
1654:The Washington Post
1582:. Associated Press.
1532:Del Rio News Herald
1527:"What's in a Name?"
1478:Cincinnati Enquirer
1201:The Washington Post
1043:. February 27, 2021
996:Wall Street Journal
876:The Washington Post
693:Media organizations
618:Bush spoke of the "
612:The Washington Post
87:Oxford Dictionaries
1939:"The Republicants"
1888:, pp. 99–100.
1286:on March 12, 2007.
1159:(August 7, 2006).
1157:Hertzberg, Hendrik
1070:The New York Times
718:The New York Times
523:Joseph R. McCarthy
342:Early 20th century
296:Jacob H. Gallinger
2240:978-0-81-431187-5
2217:978-1-58-648509-2
2177:978-0-19-049148-2
2133:978-1-88-790289-2
2104:978-0-679-42068-2
2083:978-0-8129-1324-8
2060:978-1-250-09925-9
2039:978-0-442-21630-6
2000:ThinkProgress.org
1906:on March 24, 2012
1681:Los Angeles Times
1260:978-0-313-37994-9
1161:"The 'Ic' Factor"
1088:, pp. 101–2.
976:978-1-10-190322-3
948:. 19-984-19-986.
916:democrat epithet.
911:978-0-7432-9169-9
831:, Representative
823:when questioning
621:Democrat majority
417:Late 20th century
402:
401:
394:
307:According to the
257:
256:
122:Hendrik Hertzberg
55:commentators and
16:(Redirected from
2301:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2254:Associated Press
2244:
2232:
2221:
2202:
2189:
2181:
2160:
2148:
2137:
2108:
2097:. Random House.
2087:
2075:
2064:
2043:
2031:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:MediaMatters.org
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1840:Associated Press
1831:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1796:. April 24, 2020
1784:
1778:
1769:
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1687:
1672:
1666:
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1661:
1644:
1638:
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1635:
1633:
1624:. Archived from
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1571:
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1559:
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1413:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1386:Chariton Courier
1377:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1354:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1282:. Archived from
1271:
1265:
1264:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1191:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1153:
1142:
1141:
1138:National Journal
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:on March 3, 2017
1104:OxfordWords Blog
1095:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1026:, pp. 163f.
1021:
1015:
1014:
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987:
981:
980:
960:
954:
953:
935:
928:
919:
918:
899:
889:
880:
879:
864:
707:Associated Press
623:
622:
580:Democratic Party
568:Democratic Party
539:Democratic Party
435:Democratic Party
397:
390:
386:
383:
377:
354:
346:
323:Democratic Party
281:Democratic Party
252:
249:
231:
224:
83:Democratic Party
49:Republican Party
21:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
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2113:Further reading
2105:
2090:
2084:
2076:. Times Books.
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2023:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1943:Huffington Post
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1821:The Daily Beast
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1727:on July 6, 2018
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1429:American Speech
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1228:
1222:Copperud (1980)
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1130:Safire, William
1128:
1127:
1123:
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1111:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1086:Copperud (1980)
1084:
1077:
1064:
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1056:
1046:
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1035:
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1022:
1018:
1008:
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989:
988:
984:
977:
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938:CQ Almanac 1968
930:
929:
922:
912:
891:
890:
883:
866:
865:
856:
851:
770:Huffington Post
757:
747:. According to
730:Chicago Tribune
695:
686:The Daily Beast
681:The Daily Beast
678:. According to
620:
619:
596:
545:Representative
517:wrote in 1976:
476:Wendell Willkie
453:. According to
447:Barry Goldwater
419:
398:
387:
381:
378:
371:
367:primary sources
355:
344:
253:
247:
244:
237:needs expansion
222:
217:
165:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2307:
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2297:
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2111:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2065:
2059:
2044:
2038:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
1986:
1955:
1929:
1917:
1890:
1878:
1852:
1826:
1807:
1779:
1764:
1738:
1712:
1693:
1667:
1639:
1628:on May 2, 2013
1608:
1585:
1563:
1537:
1516:
1495:
1483:
1462:
1441:10.2307/453829
1419:
1391:
1372:
1355:
1337:
1320:
1318:, p. 176.
1308:
1289:
1266:
1259:
1239:
1226:
1224:, p. 101.
1214:
1179:
1166:The New Yorker
1143:
1121:
1090:
1075:
1054:
1028:
1016:
982:
975:
955:
920:
910:
881:
878:. p. A21.
853:
852:
850:
847:
821:Democrat Party
813:Jeb Hensarling
792:Chris Matthews
765:Sherman Yellen
756:
753:
703:Democrat Party
694:
691:
607:George W. Bush
595:
592:
572:Democrat Party
561:Democrat Party
535:Democrat Party
472:Harold Stassen
451:Democrat Party
418:
415:
410:Woodrow Wilson
400:
399:
358:
356:
349:
343:
340:
331:South Carolina
255:
254:
234:
232:
221:
218:
216:
213:
164:
161:
127:The New Yorker
118:Democrat Party
110:William Safire
72:Democrat Party
64:
61:
32:Democrat Party
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2306:
2295:
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2158:
2157:FactCheck.org
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2100:
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2035:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1925:Safire (1993)
1921:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:Nelson (2016)
1882:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:March 7, 2019
1775:
1768:
1765:
1757:September 30,
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1548:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1499:
1496:
1493:, p. 35.
1492:
1491:Safire (1988)
1487:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:(3): 228–31.
1434:
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1408:
1407:
1402:
1395:
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1383:
1376:
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1368:
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1359:
1356:
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1348:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1334:. p. 43.
1333:
1332:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1316:Safire (1993)
1312:
1309:
1304:
1303:The Economist
1300:
1293:
1290:
1285:
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1270:
1267:
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1038:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:Safire (1993)
1020:
1017:
1005:
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997:
993:
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781:
780:
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772:
771:
766:
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708:
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631:
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614:
613:
608:
605:
601:
593:
591:
589:
588:Haley Barbour
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
553:Newt Gingrich
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
526:
524:
518:
516:
515:Russell Baker
511:
509:
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369:
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364:
359:This section
357:
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341:
338:
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326:
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316:
312:
311:
304:
299:
297:
293:
292:New Hampshire
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:Know Nothings
266:
262:
251:
242:
238:
235:This section
233:
230:
226:
225:
219:
214:
211:
210:discourteous.
206:
204:
203:
202:The Economist
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
162:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
136:
131:
129:
128:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:, the use of
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
62:
60:
59:politicians.
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:
19:
2259:February 27,
2257:. Retrieved
2253:
2228:
2207:
2198:
2185:
2166:
2156:
2143:
2122:
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2071:
2049:
2027:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:Politico.com
1971:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:
1932:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1893:
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1791:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1715:
1706:
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1684:. Retrieved
1680:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1652:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1621:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1588:
1579:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:
1540:
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1486:
1477:
1465:
1432:
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1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1404:
1394:
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1284:the original
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1269:
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1217:
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1199:
1170:. Retrieved
1164:
1137:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1103:
1093:
1069:
1047:February 28,
1045:. Retrieved
1040:
1031:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
995:
985:
965:
958:
949:
937:
915:
895:
875:
868:Marcus, Ruth
842:
833:Marcy Kaptur
829:Peter Orszag
820:
810:
802:
797:
788:Darrell Issa
777:
775:
768:
758:
744:
743:rather than
740:
735:
728:
722:
716:
710:
702:
696:
685:
679:
665:
648:Donald Trump
646:
642:
638:Bill Clinton
634:John Podesta
629:
617:
610:
597:
594:21st century
579:
571:
567:
565:
560:
551:
538:
534:
528:
520:
512:
465:
454:
450:
439:Meade Alcorn
434:
420:
405:
403:
388:
382:January 2022
379:
360:
328:
322:
308:
306:
301:
285:
280:
258:
245:
241:adding to it
236:
220:19th century
208:
200:
198:
193:
187:
183:
179:
177:
173:Bergen Evans
168:
166:
145:Charlie Cook
138:
133:
125:
117:
113:
107:
102:
98:
94:
90:
82:
80:
75:
71:
66:
63:Modern usage
53:conservative
31:
30:
29:
1948:October 25,
1845:January 21,
1412:January 21,
1009:February 1,
666:During the
584:Mississippi
537:instead of
529:During the
478:during the
441:, and with
261:Federalists
248:August 2024
149:Ruth Marcus
141:Frank Luntz
57:third party
2273:Categories
2018:References
1800:August 24,
1752:PolitiFact
784:California
749:Ron Elving
741:Democratic
727:, and the
661:Democratic
598:Following
513:Columnist
492:Pendergast
488:New Jersey
408:entry for
363:references
277:Dixiecrats
265:Loco-Focos
184:Democratic
103:democratic
95:Democratic
76:Democratic
41:pejorative
2199:Fresh Air
1979:April 12,
1910:April 12,
1871:April 12,
1686:April 12,
1660:March 31,
1632:April 12,
1601:April 12,
1580:USA Today
1556:April 12,
1351:Spectator
1237:, p. 176.
1207:March 31,
1172:April 12,
1004:0099-9660
946:0095-6007
827:director
755:Responses
672:Joe Biden
624:" in his
604:President
586:Governor
547:Jack Kemp
470:Governor
468:Minnesota
459:, at the
445:chairman
404:The 1919
273:Populists
157:gang sign
124:wrote in
2289:Epithets
2005:March 4,
1457:67159091
1132:(1996).
1114:March 3,
839:) said:
773:column.
761:Publican
745:Democrat
630:Democrat
543:New York
496:Missouri
325:in 1890:
288:Michigan
205:stated:
188:Democrat
169:Democrat
114:Democrat
91:Democrat
43:for the
1793:Reuters
1731:July 6,
1551:Ozy.com
1041:AP NEWS
508:Chicago
335:Tillman
319:England
215:History
163:Grammar
37:epithet
2237:
2214:
2201:. NPR.
2174:
2130:
2101:
2080:
2057:
2036:
1455:
1449:453829
1447:
1257:
1002:
973:
944:
908:
333:named
315:London
298:said:
135:"rat".
35:is an
1445:JSTOR
1406:Slate
951:1964.
849:Notes
817:Texas
806:stump
500:Kelly
484:Hague
2261:2021
2235:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2055:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2007:2009
1981:2017
1950:2010
1912:2017
1873:2017
1847:2023
1802:2022
1759:2018
1733:2018
1688:2017
1662:2007
1634:2017
1603:2017
1558:2017
1453:OCLC
1414:2023
1255:ISBN
1209:2007
1174:2017
1116:2017
1049:2021
1011:2021
1000:ISSN
971:ISBN
942:ISSN
906:ISBN
837:Ohio
504:Nash
498:and
39:and
1707:Mic
1437:doi
835:(D–
815:(R–
808:."
799:on?
737:NPR
712:CNN
570:to
506:in
494:in
486:in
365:to
303:it.
243:.
159:".
116:of
99:–ic
2275::
2252:.
2197:.
2155:.
1998:.
1970:.
1958:^
1941:.
1864:.
1838:.
1819:.
1790:.
1750:.
1705:.
1679:.
1651:.
1620:.
1578:.
1566:^
1549:.
1530:.
1509:.
1476:.
1451:.
1443:.
1433:32
1431:.
1403:.
1384:.
1301:.
1278:.
1198:.
1182:^
1163:.
1146:^
1136:.
1102:.
1078:^
1068:.
1057:^
1039:.
998:.
994:.
936:.
923:^
914:.
904:.
902:96
884:^
874:.
857:^
782:,
733:.
721:,
715:,
709:,
602:,
541:,
490:,
317:,
275:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
130::
2263:.
2243:.
2220:.
2180:.
2136:.
2107:.
2086:.
2063:.
2042:.
2009:.
1983:.
1952:.
1914:.
1875:.
1849:.
1823:.
1804:.
1761:.
1735:.
1709:.
1690:.
1664:.
1636:.
1560:.
1459:.
1439::
1416:.
1305:.
1263:.
1211:.
1176:.
1118:.
1051:.
1013:.
979:.
502:-
395:)
389:(
384:)
380:(
376:.
370:.
250:)
246:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
