Knowledge (XXG)

Democratic capitalism

Source đź“ť

4446:, aged care, and more accessible education. Guarantees of full employment and the support of private research and innovation became priorities of policy makers. Policy developments were based on the rising notion that free markets required some state intervention to maintain them, provide structure, and address social inequities caused by them. Governments around the world regulated existing markets in an attempt to increase their equity and effectiveness. In order to stabilise the 4792:, a virtuous community, and a limited role for the state and the market. According to the encyclical, these characteristics should be combined with a conscious effort to promote institutions which develop character in individuals. The encyclical stressed to decision makers the importance of the dignity of the person and a concern for the poor, while acknowledging the need to balance economic efficiency with social equity. The 4142: 1616: 4130: 2524: 965: 4762:, the capitalist markets and democratic policies that characterise democratic capitalism are inherently conflicting. Streeck suggests that under democratic capitalism, governments tend to neglect policies of resource allocation by marginal productivity in favour of those of resource allocation by social entitlement, or vice versa. In particular, he comments that the accelerating 2460: 977: 4617:, based on the notion of the interdependence of economic and social policy. In this context, European competition law policy developed as a method of curbing the excesses of capitalism, while aligning the economy of the European Union with the existing democratic ideals of European society. This saw the advancement of democratic capitalism throughout the European region. 4470:. The resulting strong economic growth and improved income equality allowed for greater social peace and universal suffrage. Capitalism was viewed as a means of producing the wealth which maintained political freedom, while a democratic government ensured accountable political institutions and an educated labour force with its basic rights fulfilled. 4674:
institutions. This includes institutions which facilitate bargaining between government bodies and business and labour organisations such as unions, and those which regulate the relationships between employees and management within private firms. The development of institutions to promote cooperation
4662:
Under democratic capitalism, an autonomous democratic state enacts of policies which in effect create a compromise between upper and lower classes, while remaining compatible with free-market capitalism. Such policies include the establishment or expansion of a welfare state, as a method of mediating
4338:
characterised democratic capitalism as a blend of a free-market economy, a limited democratic government, and moral-cultural system with an emphasis on personal freedom. Novak comments that capitalism is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition of democracy. He also proposes that the prominence of
4557:
Large-scale innovation in production technology throughout the 20th century had widespread economic benefits in many capitalist economies. These benefits contributed to the conciliation of democratic politics and free markets and the widespread acceptance of democratic capitalist policies by voters.
4521:
Rapid technological innovation and globalisation brought widespread international economic change. Publicly funded democratic capitalist policies were designed and implemented to compensate individuals negatively affected by major, structural economic change. Implemented beginning in the early years
4749:
The implementation of competition law is intended to prevent anti-competitive behaviour that is harmful to the welfare of consumers, while maintaining a free market economy. The implementation of antitrust laws was found to be a characteristic of democratic capitalism specifically, and not regular
4693:
The right to private ownership of productive property is a central tenet of democratic capitalism, and is recognized as a basic liberty of all democratic citizens, as in a regular free-market capitalist economy. According to political philosopher John Tomasi, democratic capitalism addresses social
4450:, the role of government was reconceived by anticommunist leaders in Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Scandinavia, and Japan. An emphasis was placed on supporting economic growth, promoting innovation, and enhancing living standards. This saw the expansion of educational opportunities and public 4705:
implemented by democratic governments. Top-down policies are planned and implemented by formal leaders in an organisation, while bottom-up policies involve gradual change initiated and sustained by lower-level members of organisations. Policies implemented are designed to incentivise public and
4800:, such as employees, customers, local communities, and wider society, in the corporate decision making process, as opposed to stockholders only. The letter offered acceptance for the market economy under the condition that the state intervene where necessary to preserve human dignity. 4927: 4685:
concerns of citizens are addressed through redistributive policies. Such policies include income transfers, such as welfare payment programs and pensions, to support the financial needs of the elderly and the poor. Other policies which promote economic security include
4276:
Democratic capitalism is a type of political and economic system characterised by resource allocation according to both marginal productivity and social need, as determined by decisions reached through democratic politics. It is marked by democratic
4427:, and increased political power of labour unions. According to political scientist Wolfgang Merkel, democracy and capitalism coexisted with more complementarity at this time than at any other point in history. 4766:
of the 1970s in the Western world can be attributed to rising trade-union wage pressure in labour markets and the political priority of full employment, both of which are synonymous with democratic capitalism.
4395:
supported free trade, while allowing national governments to retain veto power over trade policy. Such developments saw the incorporation of democratic demands into policies based on capitalist economic logic.
4383:. This commitment was made in conjunction with international guidelines which guaranteed autonomy for each country in responding to economic and social demands of its voters. Officials requested international 4658:
The post-war implementation of democratic capitalism saw the expansion of welfare states and the free collective bargaining rights of employees, alongside market policies designed to ensure full employment.
4796:
suggested that specific institutional arrangements be developed to support this form of democratic capitalism. Arrangements proposed included structures of accountability designed to involve all
4478:
In the postwar period, free market economic systems with political systems of democracy and welfare states were established in France and Germany. This occurred under the leadership of the
5086:
Carayannis, Elias G.; Kaloudis, Aris (2010-03-01). "A Time for Action and a Time to Lead: Democratic Capitalism and a New "New Deal" for the US and the World in the Twenty-first Century".
4534:, and aged pensions. Post-1970s, the number of public sector jobs available expanded. Ageing populations in Europe, Japan and North America saw large increases in public spending on 4300:
and Arisitidis Kaloudis, Economics Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), describe democratic capitalism as an economic system which combines robust
4788:, emphasizes a vision of a communitarian form of democratic capitalism. The communitarian system of democratic capitalism described promotes respect for individual rights and basic 3472: 2490: 5829: 5685: 4411:
in the Western world were more inclined to accept capitalist markets in conjunction with political democracy, which enabled a level of social security and improved
575: 4577:
spending. Many voters doubted the ability of free market capitalism to provide consistent peace, security and opportunity, and sought improved living standards,
4319:, described democratic capitalism as a “dynamic complex of economic, political, moral-cultural, ideological, and institutional forces”, which serves to maximize 4211:(synonymous with free-market capitalism), with policies of resource allocation by social entitlement. The policies which characterise the system are enacted by 3497: 3467: 1602: 4172: 3549: 1597: 1007: 1644: 3502: 2622: 3892: 4323:
within a free market economy. Younkins states that the system of individual liberty inherent within democratic capitalism supports the creation of
3482: 4675:
among public and private economic entities acknowledges the benefits of market competition, while attempting to address the social problems of
4392: 3971: 2483: 5547:
Gl, Stewart; Ka, Manges; Mm, Ward (2015). "Empowering Sustained Patient Safety: The Benefits of Combining Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches".
4573:
advocated for a reduced role of government in the economy, while responding to voters’ skepticism of liberal capitalism by maintaining strong
5329: 5063: 4483: 4016: 3810: 3589: 5666: 3842: 3703: 3651: 3646: 4238:. The implementation of democratic capitalism typically involves the enactment of policies expanding the welfare state, strengthening the 4502:
in the United States in the 1980s, politicians and voters maintained strong support for democratic capitalist policies and free markets.
4507: 4339:
democratic capitalism in a society is strongly determined by the religious concepts which drive its customs, institutions, and leaders.
3959: 3671: 3522: 3124: 4902: 3882: 3780: 3728: 3666: 3661: 3599: 1918: 3267: 6379: 5352:
Parakkal, Raju (2016-06-01). "Ordoliberalism in European Competition Policy: The Logic of Democratic Capitalism in Talbot's Essay".
5319: 3887: 3512: 2476: 1853: 502: 4462:
As automated production expanded in the United States, demand for semi skilled workers increased. Combined with the expansion of
4434:
adopted democratic capitalist policies in an attempt to satisfy the social needs of their voters and respond to the challenge of
4165: 3922: 1554: 1454: 1000: 5053: 4582: 4561:
From the late 20th century, the tenets of democratic capitalism expanded more broadly beyond North America and Western Europe.
3949: 2854: 1637: 5450:
Hicks, Alexander; Kenworthy, Lane (1998). "Cooperation and Political Economic Performance in Affluent Democratic Capitalism".
5605:
Williams, Oliver F. (1993-12-01). "Catholic Social Teaching: A communitarian democratic capitalism for the new world order".
4581:, and educational opportunities for youth. The Reagan administration maintained previous levels of government expenditure on 3317: 2886: 2019: 4982:
Parakkal, Raju; Bartz-Marvez, Sherry (2013-12-01). "Capitalism, Democratic Capitalism, and the Pursuit of Antitrust Laws".
4629:
business practices and the free participation in the economy of all citizens, while maintaining a pro-free-market economy.
6195: 4702: 3830: 3795: 3775: 2464: 2359: 2329: 2079: 2069: 1409: 766: 424: 6369: 6364: 5779: 3708: 2389: 1469: 816: 806: 4746:
owners and managers, in order to prevent outcomes which are socially undesirable according to the democratic majority.
6384: 6304: 5844: 4723: 4695: 4594: 4479: 4158: 3820: 3397: 2864: 2758: 1499: 1264: 993: 512: 449: 382: 360: 3287: 4701:
The robust competitiveness and sustainable entrepreneurship which define democratic capitalism are characterised by
4399:
Democratic capitalism was first widely implemented after the Second World War in the Western world, particularly in
4289:, characteristics typically associated with democracy. It retains a free-market economic system with an emphasis on 6011: 4626: 4230:. The coexistence of capitalism and democracy, particularly in Europe, was supported by the creation of the modern 3872: 3537: 3322: 3004: 2849: 1630: 821: 337: 4738:
to support competition. Such laws include United States antitrust laws. Competition laws are designed to regulate
6374: 6139: 5951: 5814: 4643: 3983: 3877: 3487: 3277: 2957: 2943: 2312: 2240: 1661: 595: 282: 5920: 5884: 5659: 4793: 4707: 4586: 4376: 4257: 3770: 3755: 3621: 3517: 2768: 2575: 1848: 1534: 1379: 1239: 869: 565: 412: 251: 225: 147: 92: 5159: 3372: 3257: 6284: 6178: 5714: 4834: 4824: 4797: 4301: 4075: 3954: 3897: 3785: 3750: 3609: 3564: 3477: 3312: 3154: 2702: 2667: 2543: 2414: 2364: 2245: 1973: 1843: 1539: 1474: 1384: 1359: 1214: 761: 407: 402: 392: 87: 4352:
The development of democratic capitalism was influenced by several historical factors, including the rapid
6254: 6249: 6164: 6134: 4590: 4514:. Labour market and competition regulations were eased in existing free-market economies, particularly in 4379:
of 1944, officials from the United States and the United Kingdom and forty-two other nations committed to
4290: 3988: 3964: 3932: 3902: 3867: 3862: 3837: 3698: 3616: 3492: 3462: 2687: 2424: 1823: 1364: 1354: 1321: 1249: 1204: 1184: 1165: 1105: 1095: 1090: 1070: 914: 791: 585: 444: 375: 262: 220: 3247: 3089: 6314: 6289: 6274: 6205: 6190: 6025: 5991: 5914: 5784: 5699: 4854: 4844: 4711: 4531: 4527: 4324: 4239: 4109: 4006: 3978: 3937: 3917: 3907: 3852: 3790: 3765: 3681: 3676: 3641: 3626: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3559: 3554: 3507: 3402: 3377: 3367: 3272: 3104: 2989: 2931: 2553: 2419: 2064: 1754: 1709: 1419: 1399: 1374: 1311: 1286: 894: 801: 781: 736: 633: 492: 482: 454: 327: 317: 245: 4506:
and free trade were promoted as a means of boosting economic growth, and this saw the formation of the
1349: 5931: 5894: 5769: 5734: 4814: 4809: 4671: 4499: 4305: 4097: 3912: 3857: 3847: 3825: 3805: 3800: 3760: 3745: 3723: 3686: 3636: 3594: 3584: 3544: 3064: 3054: 3029: 2938: 2891: 2736: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2538: 2324: 2132: 2029: 1993: 1838: 1771: 1719: 1592: 1394: 1296: 1229: 1160: 1155: 1135: 1041: 944: 899: 874: 841: 545: 540: 477: 472: 230: 67: 4387:
which would allow governments to regulate their economies while remaining committed to the goals of
6354: 6244: 6239: 6124: 5956: 5926: 5739: 5719: 5652: 4495: 4463: 4416: 4316: 4297: 4204: 4092: 3740: 3713: 3656: 3604: 3387: 3159: 3099: 3049: 2822: 2741: 2682: 2615: 2585: 2580: 2548: 2507: 2434: 2379: 2374: 2307: 2297: 1983: 1818: 1587: 1577: 1414: 1389: 1326: 1306: 1276: 1259: 1254: 1244: 1219: 1174: 1150: 1125: 1100: 1085: 658: 580: 535: 530: 397: 387: 287: 97: 62: 20: 3262: 6359: 6264: 6085: 6016: 5976: 5839: 5630: 5572: 5529: 5483: 5475: 5377: 5255: 5111: 5007: 4864: 4839: 4593:(GDP). Total government expenditure levels as a percentage of GDP also remained stable under the 4412: 3815: 3718: 3631: 3427: 3362: 2817: 2797: 2634: 2439: 2399: 2270: 2175: 1794: 1776: 1766: 1759: 1559: 1489: 1479: 1424: 1199: 1194: 1115: 1080: 1075: 1063: 904: 864: 741: 590: 555: 342: 302: 257: 177: 132: 112: 3079: 4775:
Catholic texts offer support for a form of socially regulated democratic capitalism. The papal
6234: 6105: 6100: 6057: 6001: 5971: 5936: 5879: 5744: 5622: 5564: 5521: 5467: 5421: 5369: 5325: 5201: 5103: 5059: 4999: 4945: 4785: 4682: 4282: 4247: 4134: 3407: 3164: 3094: 3069: 3059: 3039: 2859: 2746: 2677: 2639: 2292: 2044: 2024: 1811: 1804: 1799: 1582: 1509: 1234: 1224: 1170: 1051: 1024: 969: 836: 703: 693: 638: 560: 434: 419: 297: 267: 197: 187: 122: 6324: 6299: 6294: 6200: 6090: 6052: 6047: 6006: 5996: 5986: 5946: 5764: 5749: 5614: 5556: 5513: 5459: 5411: 5361: 5245: 5237: 5193: 5095: 4991: 4859: 4849: 4780: 4759: 4734:
A characteristic of democratic capitalist economies is the democratic enactment of laws and
4690:, and the fiscal financing of education and job training programs to stimulate employment. 4687: 4424: 4420: 4361: 4208: 4050: 4043: 3382: 3332: 3302: 3297: 3242: 3149: 3134: 3109: 3044: 3014: 2881: 2832: 2807: 2790: 2785: 2719: 2644: 2570: 2558: 2523: 2285: 2220: 2205: 2157: 2147: 2141: 2114: 2099: 1870: 1833: 1519: 1514: 1464: 1291: 1179: 1140: 1130: 1110: 771: 746: 698: 678: 623: 600: 550: 429: 332: 322: 312: 277: 167: 117: 107: 102: 6319: 6309: 6279: 6185: 5819: 5729: 4729: 4551: 4388: 4384: 4353: 4243: 4235: 4200: 4146: 3442: 3432: 3417: 3337: 3327: 3307: 3199: 3179: 3139: 3114: 3024: 2918: 2906: 2896: 2837: 2697: 2692: 2563: 2409: 2369: 2334: 2230: 2190: 2185: 2152: 1998: 1978: 1968: 1958: 1943: 1923: 1858: 1744: 1669: 1620: 1444: 1404: 1189: 981: 826: 731: 688: 668: 663: 653: 648: 570: 365: 6037: 5981: 5961: 5799: 5794: 5754: 5709: 5704: 4903:"Wolfgang Streeck, The Crises of Democratic Capitalism, NLR 72, September–October 2011" 4739: 4664: 4511: 4447: 4443: 4404: 4369: 4114: 4087: 4082: 4055: 4011: 3357: 3347: 3292: 3169: 3144: 3119: 3084: 3034: 2974: 2901: 2802: 2763: 2753: 2627: 2595: 2394: 2210: 2104: 1948: 1549: 1439: 1209: 934: 919: 889: 811: 673: 307: 152: 142: 72: 57: 52: 4141: 1615: 6348: 6269: 6144: 6062: 5966: 5834: 5804: 5774: 5634: 5533: 5487: 5381: 5259: 5115: 5011: 4829: 4743: 4676: 4574: 4570: 4543: 4515: 4503: 4467: 4408: 4400: 4335: 4261: 4231: 4223: 4070: 3392: 3352: 3282: 3252: 3219: 3214: 3194: 3074: 2999: 2911: 2774: 2590: 2444: 2429: 2235: 2225: 2215: 2200: 2180: 2109: 1953: 1875: 1786: 1749: 1739: 1729: 1449: 1316: 1269: 1145: 924: 796: 756: 628: 292: 192: 172: 5416: 5399: 6215: 6169: 6149: 6080: 5941: 5889: 5724: 5576: 4789: 4578: 4372:
in political debate contributed to the adoption of democratic capitalist policies.
4365: 4246:. These policies are enacted in a capitalist economy characterized by the right to 4227: 4104: 3437: 3412: 3342: 3189: 3019: 3009: 2812: 2319: 2195: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2034: 1988: 1963: 1938: 1933: 1880: 1734: 846: 786: 713: 497: 272: 182: 4419:. This was synonymous with the expansion of welfare states, more highly regulated 4218:
Democratic capitalism was implemented widely in the 20th century, particularly in
4129: 5560: 5517: 6334: 6119: 6095: 6042: 6032: 5909: 5859: 5809: 5759: 4614: 4610: 4439: 4415:. In the post-war decades, democratic capitalist policies saw reduced levels of 4357: 4328: 4286: 3422: 3224: 3209: 3184: 2979: 2964: 2871: 2724: 2672: 2384: 2339: 2302: 2280: 2275: 1888: 1863: 1429: 1120: 929: 831: 751: 507: 240: 202: 157: 127: 82: 5132: 4995: 4694:
entitlement and justice concerns through the preservation of citizens’ private
4368:. The growing critique of free-market capitalism and the rise of the notion of 6154: 6129: 6067: 5854: 5675: 5479: 5241: 5099: 4776: 4735: 4606: 4547: 4380: 4309: 4060: 4026: 4021: 3691: 3204: 2994: 2969: 2876: 2729: 2709: 2515: 1714: 1682: 1504: 1434: 1301: 909: 618: 439: 370: 28: 5626: 5525: 5471: 5425: 5373: 5365: 5205: 5197: 5107: 5003: 6329: 6259: 6229: 6159: 5904: 5849: 5824: 5789: 4763: 4451: 4435: 4264:
form of democratic capitalism with an emphasis on the preservation of human
4212: 4196: 3927: 3129: 2649: 2404: 1928: 1893: 1828: 1692: 1687: 1529: 1484: 1344: 1046: 1031: 964: 949: 939: 884: 708: 643: 487: 235: 42: 5568: 2459: 976: 4819: 4625:
The South African Competition Act of 1998 prioritised the eradication of
4523: 4278: 4251: 4065: 4038: 3942: 3733: 2984: 2827: 1781: 1524: 1494: 1459: 1281: 776: 683: 137: 47: 5504:
Tomasi, John (2014-10-02). "Democratic Capitalism: A Reply to Critics".
5250: 6210: 6072: 5618: 4647: 4535: 4320: 4265: 3174: 2780: 2714: 2137: 1913: 77: 5184:
Thode, Edward F. (1983-07-01). "The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism".
4312:
and providing opportunities for economic prosperity to all citizens.
5864: 5228:
Merkel, Wolfgang (2014). "Is capitalism compatible with democracy?".
4650:
of market participants, goals synonymous with democratic capitalism.
4219: 2844: 2265: 1544: 5400:"Autonomy of the state and development in the democratic capitalism" 5463: 162: 4539: 4431: 5648: 5644: 4698:, allowing citizens to be “free, equal, and self-governing”. 4438:. The policies implemented supported the public provision of 4794:
US Bishops’ 1986 Pastoral Letter Economic Justice for All
4540:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
5133:"The Conceptual Foundations of Democratic Capitalism" 4605:
From the mid-1980s, European leaders began endorsing
4670:
The system is characterised by the establishment of
4407:. Following the severe economic impacts of the war, 6223: 6177: 6113: 6024: 5873: 5692: 4706:private sector innovation. Examples include strong 4646:to promote and sustain competition and protect the 3473:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
4364:, and the political and economic ramifications of 4950:Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 4754:Conflicts between notions of resource allocation 5830:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 5660: 4166: 3498:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties 3468:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 2484: 1638: 1001: 8: 4946:"Democratic capitalism vs. binary economics" 4703:top-down policies and bottom-up initiatives 5667: 5653: 5645: 4569:After taking office as president in 1981, 4173: 4159: 2502: 2491: 2477: 1656: 1645: 1631: 1019: 1008: 994: 15: 5415: 5249: 4391:and economic growth. The adoption of the 3503:International Federation of Liberal Youth 4667:and catering to the demands of workers. 5321:Democratic Capitalism at the Crossroads 4876: 3483:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats 2514: 1668: 1030: 27: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5404:Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 5393: 5391: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 4466:, this saw the development of a large 4393:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 4242:rights of employees, or strengthening 5499: 5497: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 4944:Wilde, Keith; Schulte, R. G. (2001). 4742:activities, including the actions of 4609:ideas, such as those associated with 7: 5154: 5152: 5127: 5125: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4710:funding, and policies which protect 4554:programs generally remained stable. 5230:Comparative Governance and Politics 4508:North American Free Trade Agreement 4454:of basic health and aged benefits. 3523:Liberal South East European Network 5055:Safeguarding Democratic Capitalism 4901:Streeck, Wolfgang (October 2011). 4758:According to economic sociologist 14: 5052:Leffler, Melvyn P. (2017-08-02). 3513:Liberal Network for Latin America 2946:(contributions to liberal theory) 2465:Business and economics portal 5088:Journal of the Knowledge Economy 4926:Muller, Jerry Z. (March 2013). " 4140: 4128: 2522: 2458: 1614: 975: 963: 5549:Journal of Nursing Care Quality 5417:10.1590/S0101-31572013000400002 1598:Latin America and the Caribbean 5324:. Princeton University Press. 5058:. Princeton University Press. 4538:and healthcare. In the 1980s, 4315:Edward Younkins, professor at 4296:Professor of Entrepreneurship 2887:Separation of church and state 1: 6196:Critique of political economy 5452:American Journal of Sociology 4185:Political and economic system 2360:Commons-based peer production 2080:Socialism of the 21st century 1410:Democracy and economic growth 767:Critique of political economy 425:Critique of political economy 5780:History of capitalist theory 5561:10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000103 5518:10.1080/08913811.2014.988417 5186:Academy of Management Review 4430:Policy makers in Europe and 4306:sustainable entrepreneurship 1603:Middle East and North Africa 1470:Peaceful transition of power 817:Periodizations of capitalism 5318:Boix, Carles (2019-05-28). 4771:In Catholic social teaching 4724:United States antitrust law 4480:Popular Republican Movement 1500:Proportional representation 513:Simple commodity production 6401: 5607:Journal of Business Ethics 4996:10.1177/0003603X1305800409 4727: 4721: 4484:Christian Democratic Union 822:Perspectives on capitalism 6140:Labour market flexibility 5815:Multinational corporation 5682: 5242:10.1007/s12286-014-0199-4 5100:10.1007/s13132-009-0002-y 4928:Capitalism and Inequality 4542:economies began reducing 4530:, universal or partially 4526:, such policies included 4348:Early to mid-20th century 4110:Sexually liberal feminism 4017:Bias in American academia 3488:European Democratic Party 2944:List of liberal theorists 1854:Socialist-oriented market 6380:Ideologies of capitalism 5366:10.1177/0003603X16644119 5198:10.5465/amr.1983.4284623 4750:free-market capitalism. 4708:research and development 4417:socioeconomic inequality 4377:Bretton Woods Conference 4258:Catholic social teaching 2769:Labor theory of property 1555:Wars between democracies 1535:Territorial peace theory 1380:Democratic confederalism 93:Economic interventionism 6285:Individualist anarchism 5398:Ianoni, Marcus (2013). 5160:"Democratic Capitalism" 4835:Neoclassical liberalism 4825:Libertarian paternalism 4677:unrestrained capitalism 4550:and public spending on 4496:oil shocks of the 1970s 4334:Philosopher and writer 3478:Arab Liberal Federation 2668:Consent of the governed 1540:Tyranny of the majority 1475:Political demonstration 1385:Democratic peace theory 1360:Deliberative referendum 762:Criticism of capitalism 6250:Collectivist anarchism 6165:Social venture capital 6135:Freedom of association 5354:The Antitrust Bulletin 5137:www.quebecoislibre.org 4984:The Antitrust Bulletin 4591:gross domestic product 4325:voluntary associations 4191:, also referred to as 3493:European Liberal Youth 3463:Africa Liberal Network 2688:Economic globalization 1365:Democratic backsliding 1355:Criticism of democracy 792:Exploitation of labour 503:Primitive accumulation 6315:Post-scarcity economy 6290:Libertarian socialism 6275:Free-market socialism 6206:Market fundamentalism 6191:Capitalist propaganda 5785:Industrial Revolution 5700:Anarchy of production 4855:Social market economy 4845:Regulatory capitalism 4728:Further information: 4712:intellectual property 4665:social class conflict 4644:Competition Act, 2002 4595:Reagan administration 4528:unemployment benefits 4500:productivity slowdown 4260:offers support for a 4240:collective bargaining 4209:marginal productivity 4189:Democratic capitalism 4135:Liberalism portal 4007:Anti-authoritarianism 3508:Liberal International 1420:Electoral competition 1400:Democratic transition 1375:Democratic centralism 1370:Democratic capitalism 970:Capitalism portal 782:Culture of capitalism 737:Capitalist propaganda 493:Industrial Revolution 483:Commercial Revolution 5770:Financial Revolution 5735:Economic development 4815:Democratic socialism 4810:Democratic communism 4672:cooperative economic 4532:universal healthcare 2939:Age of Enlightenment 2892:Separation of powers 2390:Newly industrialized 2133:Collective ownership 1994:Vertical archipelago 1395:Democratic socialism 945:Right-libertarianism 875:Classical liberalism 842:Venture philanthropy 478:Capitalism and Islam 473:Age of Enlightenment 68:Capital accumulation 6370:Economic liberalism 6365:Economic ideologies 6245:Anarcho-syndicalism 6240:Anarcho-primitivism 6125:Economic inequality 5740:Economic liberalism 4589:as a proportion of 4464:secondary education 4317:Wheeling University 4298:Elias G. Carayannis 4205:resource allocation 4147:Politics portal 2850:Civil and political 2823:Popular sovereignty 2683:Economic liberalism 2375:Inclusive Democracy 1621:Politics portal 1415:Democracy promotion 1390:Democratic republic 982:Business portal 98:Economic liberalism 88:Competitive markets 6385:Types of democracy 6265:Economic democracy 6086:Private foundation 5619:10.1007/BF00871711 4865:Welfare capitalism 4840:Post-war consensus 4642:India enacted the 4633:Early 21st century 4546:, though personal 4544:corporate taxation 4482:in France and the 4308:, with the aim of 4291:private enterprise 2818:Permissive society 2798:Limited government 2313:Material balancing 1795:Buddhist economics 1560:Waves of democracy 1520:Right to candidacy 1490:Popular referendum 1480:Political equality 1350:Citizens' assembly 742:Capitalist realism 133:Goods and services 113:Fictitious capital 6342: 6341: 6235:Anarcho-communism 6106:Spontaneous order 6101:Social alienation 6058:Economic mobility 5745:Economic planning 5331:978-0-691-19098-3 5065:978-0-691-17258-3 4786:Pope John Paul II 4683:Economic security 4490:Late 20th century 4248:private ownership 4183: 4182: 4022:Bias in the media 3538:Regional variants 2855:Natural and legal 2501: 2500: 2011:By regional model 1805:Sabbath economics 1655: 1654: 1510:Right to petition 1018: 1017: 837:Spontaneous order 807:History of theory 450:New institutional 420:Market monetarism 355:Economic theories 188:Supply and demand 123:Free price system 6392: 6375:Economic systems 6325:Social anarchism 6300:Market socialism 6295:Market anarchism 6201:Critique of work 6091:Private property 6053:Economic freedom 6048:Decentralization 6026:Cultural aspects 5987:Regulated market 5765:Financial crisis 5750:Entrepreneurship 5669: 5662: 5655: 5646: 5639: 5638: 5602: 5581: 5580: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5512:(3–4): 439–471. 5501: 5492: 5491: 5458:(6): 1631–1672. 5447: 5430: 5429: 5419: 5395: 5386: 5385: 5349: 5336: 5335: 5315: 5264: 5263: 5253: 5225: 5210: 5209: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5129: 5120: 5119: 5083: 5070: 5069: 5049: 5016: 5015: 4979: 4958: 4957: 4941: 4935: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4898: 4860:State capitalism 4850:Social democracy 4781:Centesimus annus 4760:Wolfgang Streeck 4688:social insurance 4413:living standards 4385:capital controls 4362:Great Depression 4244:competition laws 4228:Second World War 4203:that integrates 4193:market democracy 4175: 4168: 4161: 4145: 4144: 4133: 4132: 4051:Economic freedom 4044:Radical centrism 2882:Secular humanism 2808:Natural monopoly 2759:Internationalism 2576:Internationalist 2526: 2503: 2493: 2486: 2479: 2463: 2462: 2221:Municipalization 2206:Financialization 2176:Collectivization 2158:Social ownership 2148:Private property 2142:Common ownership 2100:Common ownership 1914:Closed (autarky) 1871:State capitalism 1849:Socialist market 1834:Market socialist 1670:Economic systems 1657: 1647: 1640: 1633: 1619: 1618: 1515:Right to protest 1465:Nomination rules 1020: 1010: 1003: 996: 980: 979: 968: 967: 772:Critique of work 747:Capitalist state 430:Critique of work 313:Regulated market 215:Economic systems 168:Private property 118:Financial market 108:Entrepreneurship 103:Economic surplus 16: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6320:Sharing economy 6310:Post-capitalism 6280:Green anarchism 6219: 6186:Anti-capitalism 6173: 6109: 6020: 6012:State-sponsored 5869: 5845:Property rights 5820:Nationalization 5730:Economic bubble 5688: 5678: 5673: 5643: 5642: 5613:(12): 919–932. 5604: 5603: 5584: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5506:Critical Review 5503: 5502: 5495: 5449: 5448: 5433: 5397: 5396: 5389: 5351: 5350: 5339: 5332: 5317: 5316: 5267: 5227: 5226: 5213: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5169: 5167: 5164:National Review 5158: 5157: 5150: 5141: 5139: 5131: 5130: 5123: 5085: 5084: 5073: 5066: 5051: 5050: 5019: 4981: 4980: 4961: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4932:Foreign Affairs 4925: 4921: 4912: 4910: 4907:New Left Review 4900: 4899: 4878: 4873: 4806: 4790:workers’ rights 4773: 4756: 4732: 4730:Competition law 4726: 4720: 4718:Competition law 4696:property rights 4656: 4640: 4635: 4627:anticompetitive 4623: 4603: 4583:Social Security 4567: 4552:social security 4492: 4476: 4460: 4409:working classes 4389:full employment 4354:economic growth 4350: 4345: 4302:competitiveness 4274: 4236:post-war period 4201:economic system 4186: 4179: 4139: 4127: 4120: 4119: 4002: 3994: 3993: 3796:North Macedonia 3540: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3518:Liberal parties 3456: 3448: 3447: 3238: 3230: 3229: 2960: 2950: 2949: 2934: 2924: 2923: 2919:State of nature 2907:Social services 2897:Social contract 2860:To own property 2663: 2655: 2654: 2534: 2497: 2457: 2450: 2449: 2415:Post-industrial 2410:Post-capitalist 2370:Hunter-gatherer 2355: 2347: 2346: 2261: 2253: 2252: 2231:Nationalization 2191:Demutualization 2186:Corporatization 2171: 2163: 2162: 2153:State ownership 2128: 2120: 2119: 2095: 2087: 2086: 2012: 2004: 2003: 1974:Robinson Crusoe 1909: 1908:By coordination 1901: 1900: 1885:Traditionalist 1745:Neomercantilist 1705: 1697: 1678: 1651: 1613: 1608: 1607: 1573: 1565: 1564: 1445:Majoritarianism 1405:Democratization 1340: 1332: 1331: 1066: 1056: 1025:Politics series 1014: 974: 962: 955: 954: 860: 852: 851: 827:Post-capitalism 732:Anti-capitalism 727: 719: 718: 614: 606: 605: 526: 518: 517: 468: 460: 459: 356: 348: 347: 338:State-sponsored 216: 208: 207: 73:Capital markets 38: 12: 11: 5: 6398: 6396: 6388: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6347: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6115: 6114:Social aspects 6111: 6110: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6038:American Dream 6035: 6030: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5800:Market failure 5797: 5795:Market economy 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5755:Ecopreneurship 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5710:Centralization 5707: 5705:Business cycle 5702: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5649: 5641: 5640: 5582: 5539: 5493: 5480:10.1086/231403 5464:10.1086/231403 5431: 5410:(4): 577–598. 5387: 5360:(2): 290–292. 5337: 5330: 5265: 5236:(2): 109–128. 5211: 5192:(3): 514–515. 5176: 5148: 5121: 5071: 5064: 5017: 4990:(4): 693–729. 4959: 4936: 4919: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4805: 4802: 4772: 4769: 4755: 4752: 4740:private sector 4719: 4716: 4655: 4654:Implementation 4652: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4622: 4619: 4602: 4599: 4566: 4563: 4512:European Union 4494:Following the 4491: 4488: 4475: 4472: 4459: 4456: 4448:business cycle 4444:public housing 4425:labour markets 4405:Western Europe 4381:trade openness 4370:social justice 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4321:social welfare 4273: 4270: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4149: 4137: 4122: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115:Utilitarianism 4112: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4088:Libertarianism 4085: 4083:Land value tax 4080: 4079: 4078: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4056:Egalitarianism 4053: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4012:Anti-communism 4009: 4003: 4001:Related topics 4000: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3957: 3955:Arizona School 3947: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3923:United Kingdom 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3050:Wollstonecraft 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2961: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2902:Social justice 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2803:Market economy 2800: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2778: 2771: 2766: 2764:Invisible hand 2761: 2756: 2754:Harm principle 2751: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2712: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2519: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2488: 2481: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2425:Resource-based 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2322: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2211:Liberalization 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2135: 2129: 2127:Property types 2126: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2076:Latin America 2074: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1797: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1642: 1635: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1550:War referendum 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1440:Libertarianism 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1341: 1339:Related topics 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1242: 1240:Representative 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1005: 998: 990: 987: 986: 985: 984: 972: 957: 956: 953: 952: 947: 942: 937: 935:Ordoliberalism 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 861: 858: 857: 854: 853: 850: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 812:Market economy 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 728: 726:Related topics 725: 724: 721: 720: 717: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 615: 612: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 598: 596:State monopoly 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 527: 524: 523: 520: 519: 516: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 469: 466: 465: 462: 461: 458: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 416: 415: 410: 405: 395: 390: 385: 380: 379: 378: 368: 363: 357: 354: 353: 350: 349: 346: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 206: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 153:Liberalization 150: 145: 143:Invisible hand 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 58:Businessperson 55: 53:Business cycle 50: 45: 39: 36: 35: 32: 31: 25: 24: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6397: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6270:Eco-socialism 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6145:Labour supply 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6063:Individualism 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5921:Laissez-faire 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5885:Authoritarian 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5835:Privatization 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805:Merchantilism 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5775:Globalization 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5665: 5663: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5540: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5177: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5067: 5061: 5057: 5056: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4920: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4830:Mixed economy 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4784:, written by 4783: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4744:capital asset 4741: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4697: 4691: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4660: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4637: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4575:public sector 4572: 4571:Ronald Reagan 4565:United States 4564: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4517: 4516:Anglo-America 4513: 4509: 4505: 4504:Globalisation 4501: 4497: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4468:working class 4465: 4458:United States 4457: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4401:North America 4397: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4366:World War Two 4363: 4359: 4358:World War One 4355: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336:Michael Novak 4332: 4330: 4329:labour unions 4326: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4262:communitarian 4259: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4232:welfare state 4229: 4225: 4224:Western world 4221: 4216: 4215:governments. 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4164: 4162: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4071:Individualism 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3950:United States 3948: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3550:Latin America 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3455:Organizations 3452: 3451: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2953: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2912:Welfare state 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2775:Laissez-faire 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2494: 2489: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2420:Post-scarcity 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2365:Expeditionary 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2241:Socialization 2239: 2237: 2236:Privatization 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2226:Mutualization 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2216:Marketization 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2201:Expropriation 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2181:Communization 2179: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1919:Decentralized 1917: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1876:Social credit 1874: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1844:Participatory 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1755:Social market 1753: 1751: 1750:Protectionist 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1730:Laissez-faire 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1525:Right to vote 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1450:Majority rule 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1317:Supermajority 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1215:Participatory 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1146:Hybrid regime 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1011: 1006: 1004: 999: 997: 992: 991: 989: 988: 983: 978: 973: 971: 966: 961: 960: 959: 958: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 925:Neoliberalism 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 870:Authoritarian 868: 866: 863: 862: 856: 855: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 797:Globalization 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 757:Crisis theory 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 729: 723: 722: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 616: 613:Intellectuals 610: 609: 602: 601:Technological 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 528: 522: 521: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 470: 464: 463: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 400: 399: 396: 394: 393:Institutional 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 358: 352: 351: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 253: 252:Laissez-faire 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 226:Authoritarian 224: 222: 219: 218: 212: 211: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 193:Surplus value 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 173:Privatization 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 66: 64: 61: 59: 56: 54: 51: 49: 46: 44: 41: 40: 34: 33: 30: 26: 22: 18: 17: 6216:Wage slavery 6170:Unemployment 6150:Productivity 6081:Philanthropy 5942:Mercantilist 5919: 5899: 5890:Conservative 5725:Deregulation 5686:perspectives 5684:Aspects and 5610: 5606: 5555:(3): 240–6. 5552: 5548: 5542: 5509: 5505: 5455: 5451: 5407: 5403: 5357: 5353: 5320: 5251:10419/270951 5233: 5229: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5168:. Retrieved 5166:. 2013-09-24 5163: 5140:. Retrieved 5136: 5091: 5087: 5054: 4987: 4983: 4956:(2): 99–118. 4953: 4949: 4939: 4931: 4922: 4911:. Retrieved 4906: 4798:stakeholders 4779: 4774: 4757: 4748: 4733: 4700: 4692: 4681: 4669: 4661: 4657: 4641: 4624: 4621:South Africa 4604: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4548:income taxes 4520: 4493: 4486:in Germany. 4477: 4461: 4440:medical care 4429: 4398: 4374: 4351: 4333: 4314: 4295: 4275: 4256: 4217: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4105:Pirate Party 4031: 3965:Jeffersonian 3873:South Africa 3363:Lloyd George 2958:Philosophers 2865:To bear arms 2813:Open society 2773: 2544:Conservative 2330:Peer-to-peer 2325:Self-managed 2260:Coordination 2196:Deregulation 1881:Distributist 1735:Mercantilist 1724: 1369: 1322:Totalitarian 1205:Non-partisan 1185:Majoritarian 1166:Jeffersonian 1106:Deliberative 1096:Cosmopolitan 1091:Conservative 1071:Anticipatory 1023:Part of the 879: 847:Wage slavery 787:Evergreening 498:Mercantilism 445:Neoclassical 273:Mercantilist 250: 183:Rent seeking 148:Visible hand 6335:Syndicalism 6255:Communalism 6120:Corporatism 6096:Rule of law 6043:Consumerism 6033:Advertising 5932:Libertarian 5910:Free-market 5880:Anglo-Saxon 5860:Wage labour 5810:Meritocracy 5760:Externality 5715:Competition 5094:(1): 4–17. 4736:regulations 4615:Thatcherism 4611:Reaganomics 4442:, improved 4287:rule of law 3933:Gladstonian 3893:Switzerland 3878:South Korea 3821:Philippines 3781:New Zealand 3776:Netherlands 3433:Verhofstadt 3428:Balcerowicz 3237:Politicians 3165:Collingwood 3105:Tocqueville 2980:Montesquieu 2872:Rule of law 2673:Due process 2435:Traditional 2385:Manorialism 2380:Information 2354:Other types 2340:Open access 2303:Cybernetics 2045:Anglo-Saxon 2030:Singaporean 1989:Underground 1984:Subsistence 1889:Corporatist 1864:Syndicalist 1824:Communalist 1710:Associative 1704:By ideology 1677:Major types 1430:Kleroterion 1312:Substantive 1287:Semi-direct 930:Objectivism 915:Libertarian 832:Speculation 752:Consumerism 586:Progressive 525:Development 508:Physiocracy 455:Supply-side 263:Libertarian 241:Free-market 221:Anglo-Saxon 203:Wage labour 158:Marginalism 128:Free market 83:Corporation 6355:Capitalism 6349:Categories 6224:Antithesis 6155:Prosperity 6130:Employment 6077:Mainstream 6068:Liberalism 5992:Regulatory 5967:Neoliberal 5915:Humanistic 5900:Democratic 5855:Regulation 5720:Depression 5676:Capitalism 5170:2020-05-20 5142:2020-05-20 4913:2020-05-20 4909:(71): 5–29 4871:References 4777:encyclical 4722:See also: 4607:neoliberal 4356:following 4327:, such as 4310:innovation 4272:Definition 4226:after the 4213:democratic 4061:Empiricism 4032:Democratic 4027:Capitalism 3938:Manchester 3771:Montenegro 3756:Luxembourg 3692:Venizelism 3622:Costa Rica 2877:Secularism 2710:Federalism 2662:Principles 2554:Democratic 2516:Liberalism 2440:Transition 2400:Plantation 2308:Indicative 2170:Transition 2020:East Asian 1791:Religious 1767:Democratic 1740:Neoliberal 1725:Democratic 1715:Capitalist 1683:Capitalism 1593:Historical 1505:Referendum 1460:Ochlocracy 1435:Liberalism 1425:Initiative 1302:Sociocracy 1230:Procedural 1200:Multiparty 1161:Jacksonian 1156:Industrial 1136:Grassroots 1121:Electronic 910:Liberalism 895:Humanistic 880:Democratic 859:Ideologies 694:Schumpeter 440:Monetarist 371:Chartalism 318:Regulatory 293:Neoliberal 246:Humanistic 29:Capitalism 6360:Democracy 6330:Socialism 6305:Mutualism 6260:Communism 6230:Anarchism 6179:Criticism 6160:Syndicate 5895:Corporate 5850:Recession 5825:Oligopoly 5790:Invention 5635:143113898 5627:1573-0697 5534:145350468 5526:0891-3811 5488:143829093 5472:0002-9602 5426:0101-3157 5382:157387580 5374:0003-603X 5260:150776013 5206:0363-7425 5116:154700666 5108:1868-7873 5012:153333622 5004:0003-603X 4764:inflation 4579:aged care 4452:insurance 4436:communism 4421:financial 4279:elections 4197:political 4076:Anarchist 3984:Venezuela 3960:Classical 3928:Cobdenism 3831:Cracovian 3786:Nicaragua 3751:Lithuania 3610:Hong Kong 3565:Australia 3403:Roosevelt 3373:StĂĄhlberg 3368:Venizelos 3323:Sarmiento 3313:Gladstone 3273:Lamartine 3243:Jefferson 3095:Martineau 3045:De Gouges 3030:Condorcet 3015:Priestley 2678:Democracy 2650:Third Way 2611:Christian 2606:Religious 2539:Classical 2405:Plutonomy 2286:Regulated 2115:Voluntary 2041:European 1894:Feudalism 1839:Mutualist 1829:Communist 1819:Socialist 1800:Christian 1720:Corporate 1693:Communism 1688:Socialism 1530:Sortition 1485:Polyarchy 1345:Anarchism 1327:Workplace 1307:Sovereign 1297:Socialist 1277:Sectarian 1255:Christian 1245:Religious 1220:Pluralist 1175:Illiberal 1151:Inclusive 1126:Empowered 1101:Defensive 1086:Consensus 1032:Democracy 950:Third Way 940:Privatism 900:Inclusive 885:Dirigisme 679:von Mises 566:Illiberal 546:Corporate 541:Community 488:Feudalism 398:Keynesian 388:Classical 231:Corporate 43:Austerity 5957:National 5952:Monopoly 5905:Dirigist 5874:Ideology 5569:25479238 4820:Georgism 4804:See also 4714:rights. 4587:Medicare 4536:pensions 4524:Cold War 4510:and the 4498:and the 4252:property 4222:and the 4066:Humanism 4039:Centrism 3989:Zimbabwe 3943:Whiggism 3903:Thailand 3868:Slovenia 3863:Slovakia 3838:Portugal 3811:Paraguay 3734:Liberism 3699:Honduras 3617:Colombia 3590:Bulgaria 3383:Rathenau 3358:Milyukov 3278:Macaulay 3248:KoĹ‚Ĺ‚Ä…taj 3220:Kymlicka 3200:Friedman 3145:Cassirer 3135:Hobhouse 3070:Constant 3065:Humboldt 3025:Beccaria 2990:Rousseau 2985:Voltaire 2828:Property 2791:Positive 2786:Negative 2742:Religion 2720:Economic 2693:Equality 2616:Catholic 2586:National 2581:Muscular 2559:Feminist 2549:Cultural 2508:a series 2506:Part of 2293:Planning 1944:Informal 1929:Dirigist 1782:Georgist 1777:Feminist 1662:a series 1660:Part of 1495:Populism 1250:Buddhist 1195:Monitory 1116:Economic 1081:Cellular 1076:Athenian 777:Cronyism 689:Rothbard 664:Marshall 649:Friedman 581:Merchant 536:Consumer 531:Advanced 366:Austrian 361:American 288:National 283:Monopoly 236:Dirigist 138:Investor 48:Business 37:Concepts 21:a series 19:Part of 6211:Marxism 6073:Liberty 6017:Welfare 5977:Private 5927:Liberal 5693:General 5577:5613563 4648:welfare 4522:of the 4375:At the 4343:History 4283:freedom 4266:dignity 4234:in the 4195:, is a 3979:Uruguay 3918:Ukraine 3908:Tunisia 3853:Senegal 3843:Romania 3791:Nigeria 3766:Moldova 3709:Iceland 3704:Hungary 3682:Germany 3677:Georgia 3667:Finland 3662:Estonia 3652:Ecuador 3647:Denmark 3642:Czechia 3627:Croatia 3580:Bolivia 3575:Belgium 3570:Austria 3560:Armenia 3555:Albania 3423:Jenkins 3418:Kennedy 3408:Pearson 3393:Einaudi 3378:Gokhale 3338:Itagaki 3333:Naoroji 3328:Mommsen 3308:Lincoln 3298:Mazzini 3283:Kossuth 3268:Broglie 3263:BolĂ­var 3258:Artigas 3253:Madison 3115:Spencer 3100:Emerson 3090:Bastiat 3075:Ricardo 3035:Bentham 2975:Spinoza 2932:History 2833:Private 2781:Liberty 2715:Freedom 2635:Secular 2623:Islamic 2601:Radical 2533:Schools 2335:Sharing 2298:In kind 2246:Marxist 2138:Commons 2105:Private 2094:Sectors 2065:Rhenish 2035:Keralan 2025:Chinese 1999:Virtual 1979:Sharing 1969:Planned 1959:Natural 1924:Digital 1812:Islamic 1772:Fascist 1760:Welfare 1260:Islamic 1235:Radical 1225:Popular 1171:Liberal 1052:Indices 1042:History 905:Liberal 865:Anarcho 802:History 634:Malthus 629:Ricardo 591:Rentier 576:Marxist 556:Finance 467:Origins 435:Marxist 383:Chicago 343:Welfare 303:Private 258:Liberal 78:Company 63:Capital 6002:Social 5972:Nordic 5937:Market 5865:Wealth 5840:Profit 5633:  5625:  5575:  5567:  5532:  5524:  5486:  5478:  5470:  5424:  5380:  5372:  5328:  5258:  5204:  5114:  5106:  5062:  5010:  5002:  4601:Europe 4474:Europe 4360:, the 4285:, and 4220:Europe 3972:Modern 3913:Turkey 3898:Taiwan 3888:Sweden 3858:Serbia 3848:Russia 3826:Poland 3806:Panama 3801:Norway 3761:Mexico 3746:Latvia 3724:Israel 3687:Greece 3672:France 3637:Cyprus 3595:Canada 3585:Brazil 3545:Europe 3443:Macron 3388:Madero 3353:Deakin 3343:Levski 3318:Cavour 3303:Juárez 3293:Cobden 3225:Badawi 3215:Nozick 3195:Berlin 3185:Popper 3160:Keynes 3155:Ortega 3120:Arnold 3080:Guizot 3040:Korais 3005:Turgot 2965:Milton 2845:Rights 2838:Public 2747:Speech 2725:Market 2698:Gender 2645:Techno 2640:Social 2628:Jewish 2564:Equity 2395:Palace 2271:Market 2266:Barter 2110:Public 2070:Soviet 2055:Nordic 2050:German 2016:Asian 1949:Market 1588:Europe 1578:Africa 1572:Region 1545:Voting 1455:Motion 1292:Social 1270:Mormon 1265:Jewish 1180:Liquid 1141:Guided 1131:Ethnic 1111:Direct 1047:Theory 704:Weaver 699:Veblen 674:Walras 669:Pareto 659:Keynes 561:Global 328:Social 298:Nordic 268:Market 178:Profit 6007:State 5997:Rhine 5947:Mixed 5631:S2CID 5573:S2CID 5530:S2CID 5484:S2CID 5476:JSTOR 5378:S2CID 5256:S2CID 5112:S2CID 5008:S2CID 4638:India 4304:with 4098:Right 3883:Spain 3741:Japan 3729:Italy 3714:India 3657:Egypt 3605:China 3600:Chile 3438:Obama 3413:Ohlin 3348:Kemal 3205:Rawls 3180:Hayek 3170:ÄŚapek 3150:Mises 3140:Croce 3130:Weber 3125:Acton 3055:StaĂ«l 3020:Paine 3010:Burke 2995:Smith 2970:Locke 2737:Press 2730:Trade 2703:Legal 2571:Green 2445:World 2430:Token 2320:Price 2060:Dutch 1954:Mixed 1859:State 1787:Green 1190:Media 1064:Types 714:Coase 709:Weber 654:Hayek 619:Smith 551:Crony 413:Post- 333:State 323:Rhine 278:Mixed 198:Value 163:Money 5623:ISSN 5565:PMID 5522:ISSN 5468:ISSN 5422:ISSN 5370:ISSN 5326:ISBN 5202:ISSN 5104:ISSN 5060:ISBN 5000:ISSN 4613:and 4585:and 4432:Asia 4423:and 4403:and 4199:and 4093:Left 3816:Peru 3719:Iran 3632:Cuba 3398:King 3288:Deák 3190:Aron 3110:Mill 3085:List 3000:Kant 2596:Ordo 2281:Open 2276:Free 1964:Open 1939:Gift 1934:Dual 1583:Asia 1282:Semi 1210:Oral 684:Rand 644:Marx 624:Mill 571:Late 403:Neo- 5982:Raw 5962:Neo 5615:doi 5557:doi 5514:doi 5460:doi 5456:103 5412:doi 5362:doi 5246:hdl 5238:doi 5194:doi 5096:doi 4992:doi 4930:". 4250:of 4207:by 3210:Sen 3060:Say 2591:Neo 920:Neo 890:Eco 639:Say 408:New 376:MMT 308:Raw 6351:: 5629:. 5621:. 5611:12 5609:. 5585:^ 5571:. 5563:. 5553:30 5551:. 5528:. 5520:. 5510:26 5508:. 5496:^ 5482:. 5474:. 5466:. 5454:. 5434:^ 5420:. 5408:33 5406:. 5402:. 5390:^ 5376:. 5368:. 5358:61 5356:. 5340:^ 5268:^ 5254:. 5244:. 5232:. 5214:^ 5200:. 5188:. 5162:. 5151:^ 5135:. 5124:^ 5110:. 5102:. 5090:. 5074:^ 5020:^ 5006:. 4998:. 4988:58 4986:. 4962:^ 4954:30 4952:. 4948:. 4905:. 4879:^ 4679:. 4597:. 4518:. 4331:. 4293:. 4281:, 4268:. 4254:. 3175:Hu 2510:on 1664:on 1173:/ 23:on 5668:e 5661:t 5654:v 5637:. 5617:: 5579:. 5559:: 5536:. 5516:: 5490:. 5462:: 5428:. 5414:: 5384:. 5364:: 5334:. 5262:. 5248:: 5240:: 5234:8 5208:. 5196:: 5190:8 5173:. 5145:. 5118:. 5098:: 5092:1 5068:. 5014:. 4994:: 4934:. 4916:. 4174:e 4167:t 4160:v 2492:e 2485:t 2478:v 2144:) 2140:( 1646:e 1639:t 1632:v 1009:e 1002:t 995:v

Index

a series
Capitalism
Austerity
Business
Business cycle
Businessperson
Capital
Capital accumulation
Capital markets
Company
Corporation
Competitive markets
Economic interventionism
Economic liberalism
Economic surplus
Entrepreneurship
Fictitious capital
Financial market
Free price system
Free market
Goods and services
Investor
Invisible hand
Visible hand
Liberalization
Marginalism
Money
Private property
Privatization
Profit

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑