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525:. Between Pyanda's journey in 1620-24 and Bugor's voyage in 1628–30, attempts to reach the Lena were made by several other explorers. Grigory Semyonov sought the Lena in 1625 (one of his men, Matvey Parfyonov is thought to have reached the river); Bazhen Kokoulin traveled to the Lena in 1626 and Martemyan Vasilyev in 1627–28. All of them descended to the Lena via its tributary the Vilyuy, unlike Pyanda or Bugor. Since 1632, when
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were trying to force him to turn around. Wanting either to avoid excessive risks or to buy furs from the locals right at the point they had already reached, Pyanda ordered his men to stop and build a winter settlement, later called
Nizhneye Pyandino (Lower Pyandino). It was in the region where the
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The next year, 1621, Pyanda sailed only several dozen kilometers up the river, and at 62°N he built
Verkhneye Pyandino (Upper Pyandino), another winter settlement. In 1623 he sailed south several hundred kilometers more and yet again stayed at the winter settlement, at 58°N. Such slow pace of his
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in 1611–1612, Siberian
Cossacks knew about the existence of Lena already in 1611–1612. Many wanted to find this yet legendary Lena River and its plentiful fur riches, however at the same time another kind of story appeared, telling of a great river to the east, where large ships with bells and
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Raymond Henry Fisher wrote in his 1943 work (before the 1949 publication of
Okladnikov), that the Lena had been reached in 1620 by men from Mangazeya, who descended the Vilyuy River to its confluence with the Lena. This corresponds to the first year of Pyanda's journey as reconstructed by
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204:. One was Pyanda Safonov (the son of Safon, or Sofon) named Demid – his name appeared in documents in 1637. The other was Panteley Demidovich Pyanda (probably a son of Pyanda Safonov) – his name was recorded in 1643. The great explorer most likely was named Demid Sofonovich Pyanda.
450:
510:, but there is no conclusive evidence that Pyanda or his men reached Lena that early, while the existence of the Pyandino settlement near the confluence of the Lower Tunguska and Lena suggests that Pyanda more likely discovered Lena that way.
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boats. They moved rather quickly amid the taiga-covered banks of the river, until the river's course turned south and the valley narrowed. Tree trunks, floating down the river, impeded the way – Pyanda thought the
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and still had some time to build new boats, since Angara usually freezes rather late. Pyanda and his men successfully passed the Angara rapids and finally reached the mouth of the river at
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After the ice on Lena had cracked and floated down the river, Pyanda followed it and for several days sailed through rocky banks. After passing the mouth of the right tributary called the
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Only a few original documents on Pyanda exist, and his deeds are mostly known by the records collected some 100 years later, in the 18th century, especially during the
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Pyanda happened to be the most resolute of the potential explorers, and in 1620 he became the leader of a very protracted expedition. He sailed from
Turukhansk up the
103:'s largest tributaries). In total, Pyanda may have discovered about 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of hitherto unknown large Siberian rivers. He may have discovered
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56:. According to few historical documents and later reconstructions based on them, Pyanda, in 1620–1623, while leading a party which was hunting for Siberian
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433:, the Lena became wider and soon turned east, flowing amid the low banks and numerous islands. After passing the mouth of another southern tributary, the
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On the basis of the
Cossack hearsay stories, the document about Pyandino and a few mentions of Pyanda's name in other documents academician
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395:, a major tributary of the Lena. Tunguses indeed soon made several attacks, however the Russians easily repelled them with firearms.
422:, a 12-mile (19 km) portage between the Tunguska and the upper Lena. Finally, in 1623, Pyanda either carried his strugs to the
517:'s name. Bugor was not the first Russian on the Lena, but his journey was the first well attested one, and the very first via the
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on the upper part of the Lower
Tunguska already existed in 1624, which meant that it had been established at least a year before.
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While many sources name Pyanda or Penda as the first known explorer of Lena, others start the account of Lena's exploration from
215:. At the same time, the so-called Academic Squad of that expedition pioneered the research of the Siberian nature and history.
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490:(Verkhnyaya Tunguska), as it was previously named by Yeniseyan Cossacks. In the late 1623 or in early 1624 Pyanda reached
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468:. He sailed up Lena until it became too rocky and shallow, and then journeyed westward through the steppes inhabited by
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211:, launched by the Russian government to establish the Arctic and Pacific coastline of Russia and find a way to the
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72:. According to later legendary accounts, collected a century after his journey, Pyanda allegedly discovered the
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550:. Издание в 5 томах. Том 2, стр. 268–271. Москва, "Просвещение", 1983 // I.P. Magidovich, V.I. Magidovich.
359:. The tales of armed ships made the Russian adventurers more careful and slow in their movement eastward.
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Thus, in three and a half years from 1620 to 1624 Pyanda explored some 1,430 miles (2,300 km) of the
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355:, not the Lena, but the Russians were still unaware that there were two different major rivers east of
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Later Pyanda's name was once mentioned in the
Cossack documents, however his further life is unknown.
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from the locals there, he heard stories about a large river to the east of the Lower
Tunguska, called
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ostrog. He had some money and riches of unknown origin. Taking about 40 men with him, he went to
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journey is explained either by the resistance of
Tunguses or by successful fur trade with them.
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The latter winter settlement of Pyanda's party happened to be very close to the so-called
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564:. - В сб.: Летопись Севера. М., Изд-во Главсевморпути, 1949, т. 1. // Okladnikov A. P.
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The legend of Pyanda and his journey on the Lena and Angara was recorded by naturalist
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or built new boats where he was, soon reaching this great river of Eastern Siberia.
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reconstructed Pyanda's alleged journey, as it is presented in the sections below.
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found a document in the Siberian archives, proving that the winter settlement
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and buying them from the locals, became the first known Russian to ascend the
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and turned back, avoiding a wintering amid the yet unknown race of people.
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in 5 volumes. Vol.2, pp. 268–271. Moscow, Prosvescheniye, 1983.
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cannons were sailing. This may have referred to Chinese ships on the
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The chapter on the 17th century Siberian exploration from the
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In the first third of the 17th century there were two men in
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was made from dog fur of different colours and was added to
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Panteley Pyanda. The journey from Turukhansk to Turukhansk
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Penda - the forgotten Russian explorer of the 17th century
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where his 5,000 miles (8,000 km) long journey ended.
48:) (? – after 1637) was among the first and most important
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478:In autumn of 1623 Pyanda's party reached the upper
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592:Notes on the History of Geographical Discoveries
562:Пенда - забытый русский земплепроходец XVII века
552:Notes on the History of Geographical Discoveries
331:. Russians, in their own manner, rendered it to
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346:According to some notes made by Englishmen in
291:Demid Sofonovich Pyanda came to prominence in
651:I.P. Magidovich, V.I. Magidovich. pp. 268-269
642:I.P. Magidovich, V.I. Magidovich. pp. 270-271
335:(a shorter form of the Russian feminine name
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548:Очерки по истории географических открытий
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287:Ascent of the Yenisey and Lower Tunguska
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99:(the Lower Tunguska and Angara both are
666:The discovery of the Lena River, part 2
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501:Pyanda's priority in the Lena discovery
572:. Moscow, the publishing house of the
403:Discovery and exploration of the Lena
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710:Explorers from the Tsardom of Russia
594:by I.P. Magidovich, V.I. Magidovich
295:around 1619, coming there from the
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692:. University of California Press.
274:, then back upstream and via the
28:) or, according to some sources,
690:The Russian Fur Trade, 1550-1700
546:И.П. Магидович, В.И. Магидович
529:was established in the central
64:and reach the proximity of the
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725:17th-century Russian people
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311:(or Nizhnyaya Tunguska in
258:. Pyanda's route was from
218:The German-born historian
169:was a nickname, meaning a
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30:Panteley Demidovich Pyanda
445:Exploration of the Angara
377:with many men on several
220:Gerhardt Friedrich Müller
209:Great Northern Expedition
151:Gerhardt Friedrich Müller
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35:Пантелей Демидович Пянда
633:Okladnikov A. P. (1949)
618:at turuhansk-region.ru
70:world's greatest rivers
20:Demid Sofonovich Pyanda
675:at arctic.izvestia.ru
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62:Lower Tunguska River
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231:Johann Georg Gmelin
161:Johann Georg Gmelin
570:Northern Chronicle
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200:with the nickname
181:clothes made from
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84:, whence he came.
508:Alexey Okladnikov
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142:in winter clothes
131:Name and identity
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323:, which in
264:N. Tunguska
111:as well as
704:Categories
600:References
412:Lena River
353:Amur River
348:Pustozersk
301:Turukhansk
297:Yeniseysky
268:Lena River
260:Turukhansk
123:name) and
74:Lena River
492:Yeniseysk
456:watershed
414:watershed
369:watershed
293:Mangazeya
179:Samoyedic
669:Archived
384:Tunguses
321:Elyu-ene
224:Pyandino
213:Americas
183:reindeer
173:brim of
541:Sources
531:Yakutia
527:Yakutsk
484:Yenisey
473:Buryats
470:nomadic
466:Yenisey
435:Olyokma
367:Yenisey
357:Yenisey
313:Russian
305:Yenisey
303:on the
280:Yenisei
272:Yakutsk
266:to the
235:Yenisey
198:Yakutia
191:malitsa
175:malitsa
140:Samoyed
113:Buryats
105:Yakutia
101:Yenisey
82:Yenisey
54:Siberia
50:Russian
519:Angara
480:Angara
454:Angara
439:Yakuts
393:Vilyuy
337:Yelena
327:means
202:Pyanda
187:Pyanda
185:skin.
167:Pyanda
121:Buryat
117:Angara
109:Yakuts
97:Angara
431:Vitim
379:strug
341:Helen
45:Пенда
40:Penda
521:and
424:Lena
333:Lena
317:furs
239:Lena
237:and
93:Lena
66:Lena
58:furs
533:by
343:).
171:fur
119:(a
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