792:
373:
840:
155:
816:
35:
2779:
541:
2789:
263:
234:
between brown in summer and white in winter is driven largely by camouflage. Differences in female and male coat color may indicate nutrition and hormone levels, important in mate selection. Some arboreal mammals, notably primates and marsupials, have shades of violet, green, or blue skin on parts of
146:
has guard hairs measuring 30 cm (12 in) as well as a dense underfur, which forms an airtight coat, allowing them to survive in temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F). Some desert mammals, such as camels, use dense fur to prevent solar heat from reaching their skin, allowing the animal to
640:
At times, when a hairless domesticated animal is discovered, usually owing to a naturally occurring genetic mutation, humans may intentionally inbreed those hairless individuals and, after multiple generations, artificially create hairless breeds. There are several breeds of hairless cats, perhaps
1534:
Winter, H.; Langbein, L.; Krawczak, M.; Cooper, D. N.; Jave-Suarez, L. F.; Rogers, M. A.; Praetzel, S.; Heidt, P. J.; Schweizer, J. (2001). "Human type I hair keratin pseudogene phihHaA has functional orthologs in the chimpanzee and gorilla: Evidence for recent inactivation of the human gene after
685:. Historically, it was worn for its insulating quality, with aesthetics becoming a factor over time. Pelts were worn in or out, depending on their characteristics and desired use. Today fur and trim used in garments may be dyed bright colors or to mimic exotic animal patterns, or shorn close like
141:
Hair length is negligible in thermoregulation, as some tropical mammals, such as sloths, have the same fur length as some arctic mammals but with less insulation; and, conversely, other tropical mammals with short hair have the same insulating value as arctic mammals. The denseness of fur can
464:
can be thought of as a hybrid, bridging the gap between the distinctly different characteristics of down and guard hairs. Awn hairs begin their growth much like guard hairs, but less than halfway to their full length, awn hairs start to grow thin and wavy like down hair. The
594:
is mostly hairless but does have short bristly hairs around its neck, on its front toes, and around the throat sac, along with fine hairs on the head and tail membrane. Most hairless animals cannot go in the sun for long periods of time, or stay in the cold for too long.
791:
442:) is the bottom – or inner – layer, composed of wavy or curly hairs with no straight portions or sharp points. Down hairs, which are also flat, tend to be the shortest and most numerous in the coat.
255:. Coat color may influence the ability to retain heat, depending on how much light is reflected. Mammals with darker colored coats can absorb more heat from solar radiation and stay warmer; some smaller mammals, such as
320:
are also used, more casually, to refer to hair-like growths or formations, particularly when the subject being referred to exhibits a dense coat of fine, soft "hairs". If layered, rather than grown as a single
477:
that the stiffer guard hairs are capable of. Mammals with well-developed down and guard hairs also usually have large numbers of awn hairs, which may even sometimes be the bulk of the visible coat.
946:
Dawson, T. J.; Webster, K. N.; Maloney, S. K. (2014). "The fur of mammals in exposed environments; do crypsis and thermal needs necessarily conflict? The polar bear and marsupial koala compared".
186:, communication, and physiological processes such as temperature regulation. Camouflage is a powerful influence in many mammals, as it helps to conceal individuals from predators or prey.
550:
Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals; however, several species or breeds have considerably reduced amounts of fur. These are often called "naked" or "hairless".
190:, warning off possible predators, is the most likely explanation of the black-and-white pelage of many mammals which are able to defend themselves, such as in the foul-smelling
1696:
500:) is the top—or outer—layer of the coat. Guard hairs are longer, generally coarser, and have nearly straight shafts that protrude through the layer of softer down hair. The
1661:
72:
The fur of mammals has many uses: protection, sensory purposes, waterproofing, and camouflaging, with the primary usage being thermoregulation. The types of hair include
815:
1647:
259:, have darker fur in the winter. The white, pigmentless fur of arctic mammals, such as the polar bear, may reflect more solar radiation directly onto the skin.
839:
609:
species that have undergone significant hair loss. The hairlessness of humans compared to related species may be due to loss of functionality in the
1689:
252:
1175:
1009:
692:
The manufacturing of fur clothing involves obtaining animal pelts where the hair is left on the animal's processed skin. In contrast, making
516:
or display. Guard hair repels water and blocks sunlight, protecting the undercoat and skin in wet or aquatic habitats, and from the sun's
2793:
2825:
2782:
1682:
582:
has evolved hairlessness, perhaps as an adaptation to their subterranean lifestyle. Two of the largest extant terrestrial mammals, the
312:. The term fur is also used to refer to animal pelts that have been processed into leather with their hair still attached. The words
1432:
2206:
1666:
147:
stay cool; a camel's fur may reach 70 °C (158 °F) in the summer, but the skin stays at 40 °C (104 °F).
372:
501:
470:
466:
1289:"Molecular evidence for a diverse green algal community growing in the hair of sloths and a specific association with
1115:
Mills, L. Scott; Zimova, Marketa; Oyler, Jared; Running, Steven; Abatzoglou, John T.; Lukacs, Paul M. (April 2013).
628:
peoples possessed the loss-of-function mutation, indicating it is much older. Mutations in the gene HR can lead to
2593:
1705:
1225:"Structural colouration of mammalian skin: convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays"
1051:
1034:
2820:
2313:
1861:
830:
154:
2739:
2196:
1652:
998:
Feldhamer, George A.; Drickamer, Lee C.; Vessey, Stephen H.; Merritt, Joseph H.; Krajewski, Carey (2007).
473:
part can shed water (like the guard hair). The awn hair's thin basal portion does not allow the amount of
2684:
2350:
2248:
1831:
1512:
360:
advocates object to the trapping and killing of wildlife, and the confinement and killing of animals on
163:
28:
24:
1634:
Chamber's journal, Published by Orr and Smith, 1952, p. 200, Original from the
University of Michigan.
142:
increase an animal's insulation value, and arctic mammals especially have dense fur; for example, the
2420:
2278:
2253:
2048:
2043:
2038:
1811:
1591:
1304:
1128:
718:
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20:
1206:
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2023:
806:
2360:
2268:
2012:
1888:
1560:
1381:
1265:
1198:
971:
446:
is the principal function of the down hair, which insulates a layer of dry air next to the skin.
66:
504:
end of the guard hair is the visible layer of most mammal coats. This layer has the most marked
1224:
2283:
2263:
2007:
1952:
1617:
1552:
1428:
1373:
1332:
1257:
1156:
1097:
1015:
1005:
963:
890:
870:
865:
248:
178:
Mammalian coats are colored for a variety of reasons, the major selective pressures including
1422:
999:
919:
2754:
2744:
2729:
2355:
2176:
1992:
1962:
1942:
1898:
1776:
1607:
1599:
1544:
1484:
1474:
1363:
1322:
1312:
1249:
1239:
1190:
1146:
1136:
1087:
1079:
1046:
955:
826:
782:
525:
443:
207:
183:
1580:"Molecular evolution of HR, a gene that regulates the postnatal cycle of the hair follicle"
1176:"Coat Color Variation and Pigmentation Gene Expression in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)"
2694:
2615:
2380:
2292:
2132:
1974:
1893:
618:
171:
105:
802:
1595:
1308:
1132:
34:
2759:
2725:
2598:
2557:
2325:
2228:
2053:
1997:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1910:
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1151:
1116:
1092:
1067:
579:
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563:
529:
509:
389:
357:
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148:
65:
beneath. The guard hair keeps moisture from reaching the skin; the underfur acts as an
2809:
2734:
2515:
2490:
2435:
2191:
2160:
1987:
1982:
1883:
1826:
875:
322:
309:
223:
1564:
1385:
1202:
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2764:
2749:
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2107:
2002:
1399:
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975:
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642:
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505:
469:
part of the awn hair assists in thermoregulation (like the down hair), whereas the
394:
353:
338:
195:
39:
2640:
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2500:
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1816:
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712:
682:
621:
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517:
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361:
326:
187:
120:
578:
have evolved hairlessness, presumably to reduce resistance through water. The
2610:
2605:
2562:
2545:
2535:
2505:
2495:
2445:
2335:
2223:
2112:
1932:
1878:
1841:
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1755:
1731:
1194:
959:
770:
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380:
The modern mammalian fur arrangement is known to have occurred as far back as
291:
199:
179:
167:
151:, conversely, trap air in their fur to conserve heat by keeping the skin dry.
1674:
1019:
2689:
2540:
2410:
2385:
2273:
2258:
2243:
2238:
2097:
2028:
2018:
1915:
1905:
1836:
1821:
1786:
1317:
1141:
676:
625:
596:
400:
381:
345:
333:. Mammals with reduced amounts of fur are often called "naked", as with the
244:
110:
87:
1621:
1556:
1462:
1377:
1336:
1261:
1160:
1117:"Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration"
1101:
1083:
967:
696:
involves removing the hair from the hide or pelt and using only the skin.
540:
1548:
2430:
2395:
2303:
2288:
2186:
2142:
2127:
2117:
2102:
2092:
1846:
1771:
900:
822:
798:
762:
583:
571:
567:
461:
455:
330:
236:
109:, which are a type of stiff guard hair used for defense in, for example,
98:
80:
1479:
649:. Other examples of artificially selected hairless animals include the
262:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2630:
2550:
2450:
2415:
2405:
2390:
2147:
2058:
1927:
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1801:
1368:
1351:
895:
880:
846:
774:
738:
734:
708:
693:
614:
606:
266:
159:
54:
1603:
1244:
617:) Although the researchers dated the mutation to 240 000 ya, both the
308:) – is sometimes used to refer to an animal's complete
2715:
2699:
2677:
2662:
2625:
2583:
2578:
2478:
2233:
2137:
1806:
1766:
1253:
766:
758:
742:
726:
686:
413:
Fur may consist of three layers, each with a different type of hair.
143:
524:
to the skin. Many mammals, such as the domestic dog and cat, have a
1287:; Friedl, Thomas; Chiarello, Adriano G.; Blomster, Jaanika (2010).
1283:
Suutari, Milla; Majaneva, Markus; Fewer, David P.; Voirin, Bryson;
285:
119:, which are long hairs usually used in visual signals, such as the
2645:
2520:
2440:
2425:
2372:
2122:
2081:
1873:
1751:
1726:
778:
754:
750:
746:
681:
Fur has long served as a source of clothing for humans, including
602:
539:
521:
371:
300:
261:
235:
their bodies, indicating some distinct advantage in their largely
215:
191:
153:
410:
preserving compound follicles with both guard hair and underfur.
2652:
2635:
2620:
1865:
730:
700:
256:
133:
50:
1678:
294:
129:, often called "down fur", which insulates newborn mammals; and
2460:
2165:
722:
243:. The green coloration of sloths, however, is the result of a
344:
An animal with commercially valuable fur is known within the
1449:
Hair of West
European mammals: atlas and identification key
1052:
10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0125:tasoci]2.0.co;2
558:
Some mammals naturally have reduced amounts of fur. Some
1004:(3 ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
599:
are born hairless and grow out fur later in development.
91:, which are sensory hairs and are most commonly whiskers;
703:. A common felt is made from beaver fur and is used in
689:. The term "a fur" may connote a coat, wrap, or shawl.
520:
radiation. Guard hairs can also reduce the severity of
19:"Furs" and "Pelt" redirect here. For other uses, see
1035:"The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals"
512:, manifesting as coat markings that are adapted for
2708:
2571:
2459:
2371:
2156:
2072:
1973:
1860:
1747:
1712:
376:Down, awn and guard hairs of a domestic tabby cat
247:relationship with algae. Coat color is sometimes
97:, which consists of guard hairs, under-fur, and
1463:"Evolution: How (some) mammals lost their hair"
1068:"Contrasting coloration in terrestrial mammals"
1451:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
805:at Buckingham Palace are made from the fur of
198:. In arctic and subarctic mammals such as the
1690:
1223:Prum, Richard O.; Torres, Rodolfo H. (2004).
277: – first known use in English
8:
941:
939:
528:that raises their guard hairs as part of a
325:, it may consist of short down hairs, long
303:
1697:
1683:
1675:
1611:
1488:
1478:
1367:
1356:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1326:
1316:
1243:
1150:
1140:
1091:
1050:
1001:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology
1352:"Sexual dimorphism in primate evolution"
632:, though this is not typical in humans.
33:
911:
787:
645:. Similarly, there are some breeds of
137:, which is long, soft, and often curly.
57:. It consists of a combination of oily
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
1174:Bradley, Brenda; et al. (2012).
7:
2788:
1461:Dean, Matthew D (30 December 2022).
1421:Peterson, Judy Monroe (2011-01-15).
69:blanket that keeps the animal warm.
948:Journal of Comparative Physiology B
545:Computer generated image of wet fur
53:that covers the skin of almost all
16:Soft, thick, hairy coat of a mammal
641:the most commonly known being the
284:(French, from Middle French, from
14:
2787:
2778:
2777:
838:
814:
790:
356:or decoration is controversial;
194:and the powerful and aggressive
83:after reaching a certain length;
1232:Journal of Experimental Biology
58:
1667:New International Encyclopedia
1427:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
1183:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
62:
1:
613:KRTHAP1 (which helps produce
590:, are largely hairless. The
278:
329:, and in some cases, medium
1293:(Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae)"
1066:Caro, Tim (February 2009).
2842:
2826:Non-timber forest products
1706:Non-timber forest products
1535:the Pan-Homo divergence".
674:
668:
486:
453:
18:
2773:
1578:Abbasi, Amir Ali (2011).
1195:10.1007/s10914-012-9212-3
960:10.1007/s00360-013-0794-8
833:pilot and Arctic explorer
699:Fur is also used to make
337:, or "hairless", as with
212:Dicrostonyx groenlandicus
42:are covered in thick fur.
536:Mammals with reduced fur
1513:"Cheiromeles torquatus"
1350:Plavcan, J. M. (2001).
1318:10.1186/1471-2148-10-86
1142:10.1073/pnas.1222724110
924:Encyclopedia Britannica
295:
286:
2720:(Iberian agroforestry)
1958:Pacific mountain onion
1653:Encyclopedia Americana
1515:. Animal Diversity Web
1511:Thomson, Paul (2002).
1084:10.1098/rstb.2008.0221
547:
377:
304:
270:
175:
43:
2740:Indian forest produce
2211:Hydnocarpus wightiana
1549:10.1007/s004390000439
1291:Trichophilus welckeri
543:
375:
265:
232:seasonal color change
157:
49:is a thick growth of
37:
29:Pelt (disambiguation)
25:Furs (disambiguation)
1983:Bare-toothed russula
1297:Evolutionary Biology
1072:Philos Trans R Soc B
807:American black bears
636:Artificial selection
392:, with specimens of
253:many primate species
241:convergent evolution
164:disruptively colored
21:Fur (disambiguation)
2594:musical instruments
1852:Woodland strawberry
1662:Fur-Bearing Animals
1648:Fur-Bearing Animals
1596:2011NatSR...1E..32A
1480:10.7554/eLife.84865
1309:2010BMCEE..10...86S
1133:2013PNAS..110.7360M
920:"Fur | animal skin"
651:hairless guinea-pig
38:Like many mammals,
1584:Scientific Reports
1369:10.1002/ajpa.10011
1033:Caro, Tim (2005).
849:, Estonia, in 2019
630:complete hair loss
548:
378:
271:
249:sexually dimorphic
176:
44:
2803:
2802:
1604:10.1038/srep00032
1402:. Merriam-Webster
1245:10.1242/jeb.00989
1078:(1516): 537–548.
1011:978-0-8018-8695-9
891:Tanning (leather)
871:Cat coat genetics
866:Animal coloration
719:Common furbearers
554:Natural selection
522:cuts or scratches
290:for 'hair', from
61:on top and thick
2833:
2791:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2755:Resin extraction
2745:Mushroom hunting
2721:
2467: / etc.
2321:
2214:
2049:Saffron milk cap
2039:Parasol mushroom
1879:Fiddlehead ferns
1699:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1671:
1657:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1458:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1371:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1247:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1205:. Archived from
1180:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1144:
1127:(8): 7360–7365.
1112:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1030:
1024:
1023:
995:
980:
979:
943:
934:
933:
931:
930:
916:
842:
827:Carl Ben Eielson
818:
794:
566:mammals such as
526:pilomotor reflex
444:Thermoregulation
307:
298:
289:
283:
280:
228:Lepus americanus
208:collared lemming
184:sexual selection
2841:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2769:
2719:
2704:
2695:Vegetable ivory
2567:
2455:
2367:
2315:
2208:
2170:
2152:
2086:
2068:
2034:Oyster mushroom
2024:Meadow mushroom
1969:
1953:Twincrest onion
1856:
1760:
1743:
1714:Animal products
1708:
1703:
1673:
1659:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1447:B. J. Teerink.
1446:
1442:
1435:
1424:Varmint Hunting
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1285:Aiello, Annette
1282:
1281:
1277:
1238:(12): 2157–72.
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1012:
997:
996:
983:
945:
944:
937:
928:
926:
918:
917:
913:
909:
857:
850:
845:A fur store in
843:
834:
819:
810:
795:
711:, and high-end
679:
673:
667:
665:Use in clothing
638:
556:
546:
538:
532:when agitated.
491:
485:
458:
452:
426:(also known as
421:
370:
354:fur as clothing
281:
239:habitat due to
220:Mustela erminea
172:ambush predator
149:Aquatic mammals
79:, which may be
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:Mammal anatomy
2818:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2785:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2760:Rubber tapping
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:Forest farming
2723:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2362:Vateria indica
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:Shorea robusta
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2154:
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2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2070:
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2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
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2036:
2031:
2026:
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2016:
2010:
2008:Honey mushroom
2005:
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1995:
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1985:
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1971:
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1968:
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1918:
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1901:
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1889:Mahuwa flowers
1886:
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1868:
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1641:External links
1639:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1570:
1537:Human Genetics
1526:
1503:
1453:
1440:
1433:
1413:
1391:
1342:
1275:
1215:
1212:on 2015-09-24.
1166:
1107:
1058:
1045:(2): 125–136.
1025:
1010:
981:
954:(2): 273–284.
935:
910:
908:
905:
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903:
898:
893:
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813:
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796:
789:
669:Main article:
666:
663:
637:
634:
580:naked mole-rat
576:hippopotamuses
555:
552:
544:
537:
534:
530:threat display
487:Main article:
484:
481:
454:Main article:
451:
448:
420:
417:
390:eutriconodonts
369:
366:
358:animal welfare
335:naked mole-rat
204:Vulpes lagopus
166:coat provides
139:
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102:
92:
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2735:Honey hunting
2733:
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2491:Coconut sugar
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2260:
2257:
2255:
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2250:
2247:
2245:
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2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
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2227:
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2222:
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2212:
2205:
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2200:
2198:
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2185:
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2180:
2178:
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2172:
2167:
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2159:
2158:
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2139:
2136:
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2119:
2116:
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2109:
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2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:Yellow knight
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Slippery jack
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
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2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
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2004:
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1999:
1996:
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1991:
1989:
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1929:
1926:
1924:
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1917:
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1912:
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1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
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1890:
1887:
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1884:Heart of palm
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
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1863:
1862:Edible plants
1859:
1853:
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1840:
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1827:Juniper berry
1825:
1823:
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1417:
1414:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
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1365:
1362:(33): 25–53.
1361:
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1346:
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1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
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1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
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1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:(3): 263–70.
1188:
1184:
1177:
1170:
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1162:
1158:
1153:
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899:
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876:Coat (animal)
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
854:
848:
841:
836:
832:
829:(1897–1929),
828:
825:coat worn by
824:
817:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:used include
720:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
690:
688:
684:
678:
672:
664:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:hairless dogs
644:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
605:are the only
604:
600:
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581:
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569:
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531:
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457:
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429:
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408:
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402:
397:
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391:
387:
383:
374:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
352:. The use of
351:
347:
342:
340:
339:hairless dogs
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
315:
311:
306:
302:
297:
293:
288:
276:
268:
264:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
224:snowshoe hare
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
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150:
145:
136:
135:
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128:
125:
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118:
115:
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108:
107:
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100:
96:
93:
90:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
74:
73:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
40:grizzly bears
36:
30:
26:
22:
2792:
2765:Wildcrafting
2750:Naval stores
2728: /
2716:
2685:Tendu leaves
2641:Natural dyes
2511:Gutta-percha
2463: /
2401:Frankincense
2361:
2317:
2274:Mango butter
2219:Cocoa butter
2210:
2207:Chaulmoogra
2177:Allanblackia
2108:Black pepper
1993:Birch bolete
1943:Canada onion
1928:Wild ginseng
1923:Saw palmetto
1864: /
1754: /
1721:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1630:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1543:(1): 37–42.
1540:
1536:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1470:
1466:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1423:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1394:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1278:
1235:
1231:
1218:
1207:the original
1186:
1182:
1169:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1000:
951:
947:
927:. Retrieved
923:
914:
803:King's Guard
717:
698:
691:
683:Neanderthals
680:
671:Fur clothing
659:hairless rat
639:
601:
592:hairless bat
557:
549:
506:pigmentation
497:
493:
492:
479:
475:piloerection
459:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:
415:
412:
405:
399:
395:Castorocauda
393:
386:haramiyidans
379:
346:fur industry
343:
317:
313:
274:
272:
227:
219:
211:
203:
196:honey badger
177:
140:
132:
126:
116:
104:
94:
86:
76:
71:
46:
45:
2700:Willow bark
2531:Maple syrup
2526:Maple sugar
2501:Fruit syrup
2484:chewing gum
2474:Birch syrup
2331:Shea butter
2003:Chanterelle
1948:Crow garlic
1938:Bear garlic
1933:Wild onions
1911:filé powder
1832:Lingonberry
1817:Huckleberry
886:Rabbit hair
861:Angora wool
797:The iconic
713:cowboy hats
705:bowler hats
560:semiaquatic
518:ultraviolet
440:ground hair
407:Spinolestes
368:Composition
327:guard hairs
282: 1828
188:Aposematism
2810:Categories
2611:Birch beer
2606:Birch bark
2563:Spruce gum
2546:akpeteshie
2536:Palm sugar
2506:Gum arabic
2496:Date sugar
2446:Turpentine
2326:Sandalwood
2229:Eucalyptus
2224:Eucalyptol
2113:Brazil nut
1988:Bay bolete
1842:Strawberry
1797:Cocoa bean
1792:Breadfruit
1782:Blackberry
1756:tree fruit
1519:29 October
1473:: e84865.
1406:January 9,
1303:(86): 86.
1039:BioScience
929:2018-10-30
907:References
771:chinchilla
675:See also:
657:, and the
655:nude mouse
643:Sphynx cat
622:Neandertal
611:pseudogene
597:Marsupials
588:rhinoceros
514:camouflage
494:Guard hair
489:Guard hair
483:Guard hair
292:Old French
200:arctic fox
180:camouflage
168:camouflage
123:of a lion;
111:porcupines
77:definitive
67:insulating
59:guard hair
2730:gardening
2690:Thatching
2541:Palm wine
2386:Birch tar
2314:Sal-seed
2239:Japan wax
2192:Candlenut
2133:Malva nut
2098:Areca nut
2019:Matsutake
1975:Mushrooms
1916:root beer
1906:Sassafras
1894:Sago palm
1837:Raspberry
1822:Jackfruit
1787:Blueberry
1739:Wild game
1254:1808/1599
1020:124031907
799:bearskins
677:Fur trade
626:Denisovan
572:pinnipeds
568:cetaceans
436:underhair
432:undercoat
424:Down hair
419:Down hair
401:Megaconus
382:docodonts
362:fur farms
350:furbearer
331:awn hairs
273:The term
245:symbiotic
170:for this
88:vibrissae
2783:Category
2599:textiles
2431:Pine tar
2396:Creosote
2346:Tea-tree
2341:Tea-seed
2309:Pongamia
2299:Phulwara
2284:Nagkesar
2279:Murumuru
2254:Kpangnan
2202:Carnauba
2143:Pine nut
2128:Hazelnut
2118:Cinnamon
2103:Bay leaf
2093:Allspice
2015:(reishi)
1847:Tamarind
1812:Gambooge
1772:Bilberry
1622:22355551
1565:21545865
1557:11214905
1400:"Pelage"
1386:31722173
1378:11786990
1337:20353556
1262:15143148
1203:13916535
1161:23589881
1102:18990666
968:24366474
901:Skinning
855:See also
823:seal fur
709:top hats
586:and the
584:elephant
498:overhair
467:proximal
462:awn hair
456:Awn hair
450:Awn hair
428:underfur
251:, as in
237:arboreal
117:bristles
99:awn hair
63:underfur
2794:Commons
2709:Related
2673:Tanbark
2668:Shellac
2658:Quinine
2631:Gambier
2551:ogogoro
2451:Varnish
2416:Lacquer
2406:Gamboge
2391:Camphor
2381:Benzoin
2291: (
2197:Capuacu
2182:Babassu
2148:Vanilla
2059:Truffle
2044:Red cap
2013:Lingzhi
1802:Coconut
1777:Binukaw
1752:Berries
1670:. 1905.
1656:. 1920.
1613:3216519
1592:Bibcode
1496:22 July
1490:9803347
1328:2858742
1305:Bibcode
1270:8268610
1152:3645584
1129:Bibcode
1093:2674080
976:9481486
896:Futfell
881:Plumage
847:Tallinn
801:of the
775:raccoon
739:leopard
735:muskrat
694:leather
615:keratin
607:primate
564:aquatic
299:, from
267:Opossum
222:), and
160:leopard
55:mammals
2717:Dehesa
2678:tannin
2663:Rattan
2626:Forage
2589:edible
2584:Bamboo
2579:Amadou
2558:Rubber
2479:Chicle
2421:Mastic
2373:Resins
2356:Ucuuba
2351:Tucuma
2336:Tamanu
2293:kernel
2264:Mafura
2234:Illipe
2187:Bacuri
2138:Nutmeg
2082:spices
1807:Durian
1767:Banana
1620:
1610:
1590:: 32.
1563:
1555:
1487:
1431:
1384:
1376:
1335:
1325:
1268:
1260:
1201:
1159:
1149:
1100:
1090:
1018:
1008:
974:
966:
783:possum
781:, and
767:coyote
759:jaguar
747:ermine
743:beaver
727:rabbit
687:velvet
603:Humans
502:distal
471:distal
296:peilss
275:pelage
144:muskox
106:spines
95:pelage
27:, and
2646:henna
2621:Ferns
2572:Other
2521:Latex
2441:Rosin
2436:Pitch
2426:Myrrh
2411:Kauri
2269:Mahua
2259:Kusum
2249:Kombo
2244:Kokum
2166:waxes
2123:Clove
2029:Morel
1963:Ramps
1899:queen
1874:Betel
1866:roots
1727:Honey
1561:S2CID
1467:eLife
1382:S2CID
1266:S2CID
1228:(PDF)
1210:(PDF)
1199:S2CID
1179:(PDF)
972:S2CID
779:lemur
755:sable
751:otter
619:Altai
510:gloss
348:as a
318:furry
305:pilus
301:Latin
257:voles
216:stoat
192:skunk
127:velli
2653:Peat
2636:Moss
2616:Cork
2516:Kino
2304:Pilu
2289:Palm
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