695:
1321:
739:
758:
648:
715:
671:
1256:), with only 10% of nests affected. This may be due to the slightly larger size of shiny cowbirds, which are less likely to survive being fed by the much smaller warbler, compared to brown-headed cowbirds. The yellow warbler is one of the few passerine proven to be able to recognize the presence of cowbird eggs in its nest. Upon recognizing one the warbler will often smother it with a new layer of nesting material. It will usually not try to save any of its own eggs that have already been laid, but produce a replacement
777:
1313:, yellow warblers nest in trees, building a small but very sturdy cup nest. Females and males rear the young about equally, but emphasize different tasks: females are more involved with building and maintaining the nest, and incubating and brooding the offspring. Males are more involved in guarding the nest site and procuring food, bringing it to the nest and passing it to the waiting mother, which does most of the actual feeding. As the young approach
164:
890:
302:
870:
103:
139:
1300:
1062:, and many others. The odds of an adult American yellow warbler surviving from one year to the next are on average 50%; in the southern populations, by contrast, about two-thirds of the adults survive each year. Conversely, less than one American yellow warbler nest in three on average suffers from predation in one way or another, while two out of three mangrove and golden warbler nests are affected.
50:
1349:; some 10% of mangrove warbler and about half as many American yellow warbler males are bigamous. Very few if any American yellow warblers breed more than once per year, with just 5% of female mangrove warblers doing so. If a breeding attempt fails, either parent will usually try to raise a second brood.
582:
They are generally smallish, usually weighing about 10 g (0.35 oz) or less and sometimes as little as 6.5 g (0.23 oz). The summer males differ from those of the yellow warbler in that they have a rufous crown, hood or mask. The races in this group vary in the extent and hue of the
940:
American Yellow
Warblers arrive in their breeding range in late spring – generally about April/May – and move to winter quarters again starting as early as July, as soon as the young are fledged. Most, however, stay a bit longer; by the end of August, the bulk of the northern populations has moved
1368:
for an average 8–9 days after hatching, and leave the nest the following day or the one thereafter. The mangrove warbler has only 3 eggs per clutch on average and incubates some 2 days longer. Its average post-hatching brooding time is 11 days. Almost half of the parents (moreso in the mangrove
514:
is 1.7 to 2.2 cm (0.67 to 0.87 in). The summer males of this species are generally the yellowest warblers wherever they occur. They are brilliant yellow below and greenish-golden above. There are usually a few wide, somewhat washed-out rusty-red streaks on the breast and flanks. These
501:
Depending on subspecies, the yellow warbler may be between 10 and 18 cm (3.9 and 7.1 in) long, with a wingspan from 16 to 22 cm (6.3 to 8.7 in). They weigh 7–25 g (0.25–0.88 oz), varying between subspecies and whether on migration or not, globally averaging about
455:
are very similar. Winter, female and immature birds all have similarly greenish-yellow uppersides and are a duller yellow below. Young males soon acquire breast and, where appropriate, head coloration. Females are somewhat duller, most notably on the head. In all, the
597:; 12 subspecies) tends to be larger than other yellow warbler subspecies groups, averaging 12.5 cm (4.9 in) in length and 11 g (0.39 oz) in weight. It is resident in the mangrove swamps of coastal Middle America and northern South America;
2286:
1376:
at one year of age, and attempt to breed right away. Some 55% of all
American yellow warbler nestings are successful in raising at least one young. In contrast, only 25% of mangrove warbler nests successfully fledge any offspring, with accidents and
1336:
to different environmental conditions. The yellow warbler starts breeding in May/June, while the mangrove warbler breeds all year round. American yellow warblers have been known to raise a brood of young in as little as 45 days, with 75 the norm.
569:
in
November 1979, while it had been a "very common" breeder in the group some ten years before, and not frequently seen in the winters of 1972/1973; apparently, the birds disperse elsewhere outside the breeding season. The Cuban golden warbler
694:
605:. The summer males differ from those of the yellow warbler in having a rufous hood or crown. The races in this group vary in the extent and hue of the hood, overlapping extensively with the golden warbler group in this character.
119:
670:
578:
where it was first noted in 1941, and by the mid-20th century a breeding population was resident. Though individual birds may stray farther north, their distribution is restricted by the absence of mangrove habitat.
738:
1369:
warbler than the
American yellow warbler) attend the fledglings for two weeks or more after these leave the nest. Sometimes the adults separate early, each accompanied by one to three of the young.
647:
999:
Roughly 60% of their diet is caterpillars. They also consume wasps, mayflies, moths, mosquitoes, beetles, damselflies, treehoppers, other insects, insect larvae, and spiders. They acquire prey by
1707:
714:
1024:
502:
16 g (0.56 oz) but only 9–10 g (0.32–0.35 oz) in most breeding adults of the United States populations. Among standard measurements throughout the subspecies, the
1019:
are also eaten, the latter especially by
American yellow warblers in their winter quarters. The yellow warbler is one of several insectivorous bird species that reduce the number of
757:
1462:(ESA) since 1970; other than for specially permitted scientific, educational or conservation purposes, importing it into the USA is illegal. The Californian yellow warbler (
118:
861:). Other calls are given in communication between pair-members, neighbors, or by young begging for food. These birds also communicate with postures and perhaps with touch.
1276:
successfully. However, success of fledging in yellow warbler nests is usually decreased by the parasitism of cowbirds due to the pressures of raising a much larger bird.
1169:, are similarly opportunistic predators. All these pose little threat to the nimble, non-nesting adults, which are taken by certain smallish and agile birds such as the
2714:
2532:
2241:
799:
2679:
1320:
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806:
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can be divided into three main groups according to the males' head color in the breeding season. Each of these groups is sometimes considered a separate
2563:
1341:
populations, by contrast, need more than 100 days per breeding. Males court the females with songs, singing 3,200 or more per day. They are, like most
988:, and may well breed there. Outside the breeding season, these warblers are usually encountered in small groups, but while breeding they are fiercely
2694:
2638:
2444:
1328:
The
American yellow and mangrove (including golden) warblers differ in some other reproductive parameters. While the former is somewhat more of an
2480:
2150:
1248:), with about 40% of all nests suffering attempted or successful parasitism. By contrast, the tropical populations are less frequent hosts to the
1291:, unlike other species in the study. It is unclear whether this significant, but wintering birds in that region generally lacked such parasites.
71:
58:
798:
2009:
1541:
1283:
are not well known. The maximum recorded ages of wild yellow warblers are around 10 years. A wintering
American yellow warbler examined near
492:
2709:
2558:
878:
1533:
1684:
1396:
during the breeding season. The plumage and song of the breeding males have been described as "lovely" and "musical", encouraging
2704:
2103:
464:
are blackish olive with yellow edges, sometimes appearing as an indistinct wing-band on the former. The eyes and the short thin
2689:
786:
279:
2266:
2485:
1527:
2519:
1959:
1620:
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2074:
38:
2699:
2395:
2537:
2001:
163:
2044:
1972:
1447:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2545:
2278:
1940:
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63:
2336:
2246:
2550:
2382:
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1459:
2400:
1400:. No significant negative effects of American yellow and mangrove warblers on humans have been recorded.
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1114:
258:
2018:"The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico"
2374:
2356:
1954:
1839:
1751:
1241:
685:
602:
503:
491:(mangrove warbler, including golden warbler); the latter option is the one currently accepted by the
2273:
1914:
1412:
1218:
1074:
1066:
1020:
989:
846:
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is 5.5 to 7 cm (2.2 to 2.8 in), the tail is 3.9 to 5.6 cm (1.5 to 2.2 in), the
128:
2511:
2206:
2684:
2223:
2139:
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1404:
1186:
1138:
332:
158:
2589:
1643:. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 264(1381), 527-532.
524:
1403:
Being generally common and occurring over a wide range, the yellow warbler is not considered a
1260:. Sometimes, the parents desert a parasitized nest altogether and build a new one. Unlike some
2571:
2498:
2418:
2005:
1537:
1229:
1086:
511:
377:
225:
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Some 3–4 weeks after hatching, the young are fully independent of their parents. They become
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2215:
2155:
2129:
2083:
2029:
1357:
1210:
1194:
1178:
1170:
1000:
933:. The mangrove and golden warblers occur to the south of it, to the northern reaches of the
889:
528:
2387:
2361:
1746:
1264:, cowbird nestlings will not actively kill the nestlings of the host bird; mixed broods of
917:
coast. American yellow warblers winter to the south of their breeding range, from southern
2459:
2052:
1984:
1728:
1624:
1390:
1373:
1346:
1284:
1004:
845:. This is particularly frequently given by females after a male has finished his song. In
810:
631:
1490:
2252:
1439:
habitat is allowed to recover, particularly among the prolific
American yellow warbler.
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1237:
1146:
1036:
914:
627:
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461:
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301:
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102:
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2143:
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1637:
Extra–pair mating, male plumage coloration and sexual selection in yellow warblers (
1324:
A breeding pair of yellow warblers. The female (right) is carrying nesting material.
2423:
1329:
1299:
1162:
1008:
922:
705:
575:
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17:
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2410:
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117:
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of yellow and mangrove warblers are those typical of such smallish tree-nesting
1028:
993:
639:
566:
550:
523:". The subspecies in this group mostly vary in brightness and size according to
2153:(USFWS) (1970): Conservation of Endangered Species and Other Fish or Wildlife.
1617:
2597:
2034:
2017:
1397:
1333:
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31:
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235:
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175:
2134:
2111:
2087:
2066:
1859:"Average lifespan (wild) 131 months" in Bachynski & Kadlec (2003) is a
49:
2204:
D. W. Snow (1966). "Annual cycle of the Yellow
Warbler in the Galapagos".
2110:
Salgado-Ortiz, J.; Marra, P. P.; Sillett, T. S.; Robertson, R. J. (2008).
1838:
Lowther, P. E.; C. Celada; N. K. Klein; C. C. Rimmer & D. A. Spector.
2623:
2315:
1770:
1458:) has been listed as "endangered foreign wildlife" by the United States'
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as far south as central Mexico in open, often wet, woods or shrub. It is
546:
355:
195:
2116:) and Comparative Life History of the Yellow Warbler Subspecies Complex"
1356:
of the
American yellow warbler is 3–6 (typically 4–5, rarely 1–2) eggs.
952:
or otherwise moist land with ample growth of small trees, in particular
2651:
2643:
2449:
2369:
2227:
2120:
1411:. Some local decline in numbers has been found in areas, mainly due to
1233:
1154:
1012:
981:
926:
894:
854:
681:
480:
449:
445:
383:. Yellow warblers are the most widespread species in the diverse genus
380:
2472:
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south, though some may linger almost until fall. At least in northern
1817:
1815:
1393:
1273:
1261:
1110:
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977:
973:
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658:
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185:
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2219:
2186:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) : Species Profile –
2177:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) : Species Profile –
2168:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) : Species Profile –
945:, yellow warblers do not linger, leaving as they did 100 years ago.
2436:
1225:) have been known to assault yellow warblers of all ages at night.
2431:
1319:
1298:
1280:
1055:
1016:
985:
964:
swamps and similar dense woody growth. Less preferred habitat are
934:
888:
868:
2067:"Blood Parasites in Birds From the Lowlands of Northern Colombia"
960:). The other groups, as well as wintering birds, chiefly inhabit
1408:
942:
930:
749:
507:
465:
205:
2296:
1685:"Canadisk fugl set i Danmark for første gang nogensinde - TV 2"
1484:
1482:
948:
The breeding habitat of American yellow warblers is typically
487:
group (yellow warbler) is considered a species different from
43:
2065:
Londono, Aurora; Pulgarin-R., Paulo C.; Blair, Silva (2007).
422:
2262:
Grizzlyrun.com Yellow warbler general information and photos
775:
1697:
Henninger (1906), Bachynski & Kadlec (2003), OOS (2004)
976:
edges. In particular American yellow warblers will come to
634:
and South America. They are very rare vagrants to western
2045:"A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio"
1708:"Setophaga petechia (Yellow Warbler or Trinidad Canary)"
30:
For the yellow warbler genus in the Acrocephalidae, see
1575:
1573:
1389:
Yellow warblers, in particular the young, devour many
893:
Male (above) and female yellow warblers foraging in a
1996:
Curson, Jon; Quinn, David & Beadle David (1994):
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1317:, the male's workload becomes proportionally higher.
510:
is 0.8 to 1.3 cm (0.31 to 0.51 in) and the
468:
are dark, while the feet are lighter or darker olive-
1926:
Bachynski & Kadlec (2003), USFWS (1970, 2009abc)
2613:
2305:
1635:Yezerinac, S. M., & Weatherhead, P. J. (1997).
829:The song is a musical strophe that can be rendered
1435:. However, stocks will usually rebound quickly if
1470:) are listed as "species of concern" by the ESA.
1364:weigh 1.3 g (0.046 oz) on average, are
1193:). Other avian predators of adults have included
913:southwards, except for the far Southwest and the
37:"Yellowbird" redirects here. For other uses, see
1089:as well as sick or distracted adults. Likewise,
515:markings are the reason for the scientific name
1917:it belongs to the golden/mangrove warbler group
1840:"Yellow Warbler- Birds of North America Online"
1360:usually takes 11 days, sometimes up to 14. The
2258:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1240:. The yellow warbler is a regular host of the
553:. Local seasonal migrations may occur. On the
545:; 17 subspecies) is generally resident in the
1900:CITES and State of Michigan List listing are
1887:Bachynski & Kadlec (2003), Salgado-Ortiz
1796:Bachynski & Kadlec (2003), Salgado-Ortiz
1381:frequently causing total loss of the clutch.
8:
1913:As "Barbados yellow warbler", but being the
1883:
1881:
1782:Bachynski & Kadlec (2003), Foster (2007)
1529:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1419:. The chief causes are land clearance, the
2112:"Breeding Ecology of the Mangrove Warbler (
1652:Bachynski & Kadlec (2003), AnAge (2009)
2293:
2102:Ohio Ornithological Society (OOS) (2004):
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1081:), are significant nest predators, taking
905:American yellow warblers breed in most of
833:, although it varies considerably between
807:Prince Edward Point National Wildlife Area
300:
137:
115:
101:
92:
2133:
2033:
1821:E.g. : Bachynski & Kadlec (2003)
1792:
1790:
1788:
1446:populations are legally protected by the
1332:, the actual differences are complex and
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1232:predators only rarely. An exception are
849:defense, they give hissing calls, while
74:of all important aspects of the article.
2151:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1953:Bachynski, K. & Kadlec, M. (2003):
1871:Bachynski & Kadlec (2003), Londono
1478:
1039:(Geometridae) – preferred over others.
1003:in shrubs and on tree branches, and by
643:
619:; 6 subspecies) breeds in the whole of
819:
561:was found to be "decidedly scarce" on
70:Please consider expanding the lead to
1747:"Dendroica petechia (Yellow warbler)"
1532:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1303:Yellow warbler nest with small clutch
680:, Washington-Slagbaai National Park,
653:Resident adult male mangrove warbler
493:International Ornithological Congress
7:
2715:Birds of the Sierra Madre Occidental
2657:A1601006-1C85-46F0-83DE-E63D0150B248
1121:) also attack nests in this manner.
879:Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge
2680:IUCN Red List least concern species
1500:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1007:prey that tries to fly away. Other
744:Male resident Cuban yellow warbler
309:Distribution of the yellow warbler
853:seems to be a kind of specialized
389:, breeding in almost the whole of
25:
2242:Mangrove warbler breeding ecology
1809:E.g.Bachynski & Kadlec (2003)
1228:These New World warblers seem to
1023:in Costa Rica coffee plantations
110:Male in breeding plumage, Canada
1904:in Bachynski & Kadlec (2003)
1842:. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1279:Other than predation, causes of
873:Female yellow warbler attending
820:Problems playing this file? See
795:
763:Male in the midst of vocalizing.
756:
737:
713:
708:, Santa Cruz (Galápagos Islands)
693:
669:
646:
436:, a small red spot on the skin.
162:
48:
2695:Birds of the Dominican Republic
2022:Bird Conservation International
1971:Cunningham, Richard L. (1966).
1489:BirdLife International (2020).
992:and will try to chase away any
980:or less densely settled areas,
837:. The call is a soft or harder
831:sweet sweet sweet, I'm so sweet
700:Breeding male mangrove warbler
519:, which roughly translates to "
62:may be too short to adequately
2247:Yellow warbler species account
2104:Annotated Ohio state checklist
1973:"A Florida winter specimen of
1967:). Retrieved November 5, 2009.
1466:) and Sonoran yellow warbler (
1125:(in particular members of the
72:provide an accessible overview
1:
2192:. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
2183:. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
2174:. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
1950:. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
1715:University of the West Indies
1579:Bachynski & Kadlec (2003)
897:, Mill Creek Streamway Park,
858:
676:Breeding male golden warbler
428:, "eating", and the specific
2289:at VIREO (Drexel University)
2287:Yellow warbler photo gallery
2249:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
2171:Dendroica petechia brewsteri
2075:Caribbean Journal of Science
2016:Foster, Mercedes S. (2007).
1975:Dendroiva petechia gundlachi
1307:As usual for members of the
1287:was not infected with blood
1035:, with some – e.g. those of
423:
39:Yellow Bird (disambiguation)
2710:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2189:Dendroica petechia sonorana
2180:Dendroica petechia petechia
996:intruder that comes along.
565:and apparently absent from
2731:
2114:Dendroica petechia bryanti
1526:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1021:coffee berry borer beetles
36:
29:
2043:Henninger, W. F. (1906).
2035:10.1017/S0959270906000554
1448:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
1071:Coluber constrictor foxii
338:
331:
308:
299:
292:
287:
264:
257:
159:Scientific classification
157:
135:
126:
114:
109:
100:
95:
2279:Internet Bird Collection
2106:. Version of April 2004.
1236:, which are significant
1031:are the staple food for
1015:and similar small juicy
601:is found on the oceanic
440:Description and taxonomy
294:About 35 (but see text)
2705:Birds described in 1766
1507:: e.T22721657A137268484
1385:Status and conservation
1119:Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
610:American yellow warbler
397:, and down to northern
2690:Birds of North America
2274:"Yellow warbler media"
2135:10.1525/auk.2008.07012
2088:10.18475/cjos.v43i1.a8
1460:Endangered Species Act
1325:
1304:
1109:), and large climbing
1065:Snakes, including the
902:
886:
780:
320: Year-round range
2585:Paleobiology Database
1323:
1302:
1115:American red squirrel
1099:Corvus brachyrhynchos
892:
872:
779:
574:) barely reached the
475:The 35 subspecies of
326: Wintering range
1955:Animal Diversity Web
1752:Animal Diversity Web
1616:IOC World Bird List
1242:brown-headed cowbird
1219:eastern screech owls
686:Netherlands Antilles
314: Breeding range
1948:) life history data
1915:nominate subspecies
1413:habitat destruction
1347:serially monogamous
1107:Cyanocitta cristata
1079:Thamnophis sirtalis
1075:common garter snake
448:and body size, all
444:Other than in male
129:Conservation status
2700:New World warblers
2615:Motacilla petechia
2603:Setophaga-petechia
2362:Dendroica_petechia
2337:Setophaga petechia
2307:Setophaga petechia
2269:at bird-stamps.org
2162:(106): 8491–8498.
1998:New World Warblers
1960:Dendroica petechia
1942:Dendroica petechia
1687:. 10 October 2022.
1639:Dendroica petechia
1623:2012-05-01 at the
1493:Setophaga petechia
1464:D. p./a. brewsteri
1405:threatened species
1326:
1305:
1187:sharp-shinned hawk
1183:Accipiter cooperii
1139:long-tailed weasel
903:
887:
781:
373:Setophaga petechia
352:Motacilla petechia
342:Dendroica petechia
268:Setophaga petechia
18:Dendroica petechia
2667:
2666:
2572:Open Tree of Life
2299:Taxon identifiers
2255:Dendroia petechia
2253:Yellow warbler –
2010:978-0-7136-3932-2
1661:Cunningham (1966)
1543:978-1-4081-2501-4
1211:great horned owls
1195:peregrine falcons
1135:Mephitis mephitis
800:
603:Galápagos Islands
378:New World warbler
364:
363:
347:Dendroica aestiva
152:
120:
89:
88:
16:(Redirected from
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2156:Federal Register
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2002:Christopher Helm
1993:
1981:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1857:
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1847:
1835:
1822:
1819:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1773:): Foster (2007)
1767:Trophis racemosa
1763:
1757:
1756:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1729:"Yellow Warbler"
1725:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1627:
1618:Family Parulidae
1614:
1608:
1601:
1580:
1577:
1548:
1547:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1486:
1468:D.p./a. sonorana
1454:golden warbler (
1431:, and sometimes
1215:Bubo virginianus
1209:). Owls such as
1199:Falco peregrinus
1175:Falco sparverius
1171:American kestrel
1129:) including the
802:
801:
787:Yellow warbler (
778:
760:
741:
720:Breeding female
717:
697:
673:
650:
588:mangrove warbler
446:breeding plumage
432:is from Italian
426:
325:
319:
313:
304:
270:
250:S. petechia
167:
166:
146:
141:
140:
122:
121:
105:
93:
84:
81:
75:
52:
44:
21:
2730:
2729:
2725:
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2723:
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2720:
2719:
2670:
2669:
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2663:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2609:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2430:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2399:
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2386:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2301:
2272:
2238:
2220:10.2307/4511232
2203:
2200:
2198:Further reading
2195:
2109:
2069:
2064:
2053:Wilson Bulletin
2047:
2042:
2015:
1985:Wilson Bulletin
1979:
1970:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1866:
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1825:
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1740:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1625:Wayback Machine
1615:
1611:
1602:
1583:
1578:
1551:
1544:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1423:overuse of and
1387:
1374:sexually mature
1297:
1285:Turbo, Colombia
1238:brood parasites
1143:Neogale frenata
901:(United States)
867:
827:
826:
818:
816:
815:
814:
813:
811:Ontario, Canada
803:
796:
793:
782:
776:
771:
764:
761:
752:
746:S. p. gundlachi
742:
733:
732:(United States)
718:
709:
698:
689:
674:
665:
651:
630:, wintering in
572:S. p. gundlachi
496:World Bird List
442:
409:The genus name
407:
327:
323:
321:
317:
315:
311:
283:
272:
266:
253:
161:
153:
142:
138:
131:
116:
96:Yellow warbler
85:
79:
76:
69:
57:This article's
53:
42:
35:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2648:
2635:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2564:yellow-warbler
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2490:
2477:
2464:
2460:yellow-warbler
2454:
2441:
2428:
2415:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2342:
2327:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2236:External links
2234:
2233:
2232:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2148:
2128:(2): 402–410.
2107:
2100:
2062:
2040:
2013:
1994:
1968:
1951:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1891:(2008), AnAge
1877:
1875:(2007), AnAge
1864:
1852:
1823:
1811:
1802:
1784:
1775:
1758:
1738:
1720:
1699:
1690:
1676:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1628:
1609:
1581:
1549:
1542:
1518:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1456:D. p. petechia
1444:North American
1386:
1383:
1296:
1293:
1254:M. bonariensis
1246:Molothrus ater
1223:Megascops asio
1207:F. columbarius
1147:common raccoon
1113:, notably the
1037:geometer moths
915:Gulf of Mexico
866:
863:
817:
804:
794:
785:
784:
783:
774:
773:
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766:
765:
762:
755:
753:
743:
736:
734:
719:
712:
710:
699:
692:
690:
678:S. p. petechia
675:
668:
666:
652:
645:
593:erithachorides
555:Cayman Islands
549:swamps of the
536:golden warbler
441:
438:
420:, "moth", and
406:
403:
368:yellow warbler
362:
361:
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359:
349:
344:
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136:
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107:
106:
98:
97:
87:
86:
66:the key points
56:
54:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2727:
2716:
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2300:
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2281:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2097:
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2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2059:
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2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:
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1961:
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1937:
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1897:
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1890:
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1856:
1853:
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1806:
1803:
1799:
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1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
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1759:
1754:
1753:
1748:
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1709:
1703:
1700:
1694:
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1600:
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1375:
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1367:
1363:
1359:
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1331:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:shiny cowbird
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:Cooper's hawk
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:Vulpes vulpes
1156:
1152:
1151:Procyon lotor
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:striped skunk
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:American crow
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1060:birds of prey
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:invertebrates
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:North America
900:
896:
891:
884:
880:
876:
871:
864:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
825:
823:
812:
808:
792:
790:
769:Vocalizations
768:
759:
754:
751:
747:
740:
735:
731:
727:
726:Horicon Marsh
723:
722:S. p. aestiva
716:
711:
707:
703:
702:S. p. aureola
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
672:
667:
664:
660:
656:
655:S. p. bryanti
649:
644:
642:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:North America
622:
618:
616:
611:
606:
604:
600:
599:S. p. aureola
596:
594:
589:
584:
580:
577:
573:
568:
564:
560:
557:for example,
556:
552:
548:
544:
542:
537:
532:
530:
529:Gloger's Rule
526:
522:
521:liver spotted
518:
513:
509:
505:
499:
497:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
425:
419:
416:
415:Ancient Greek
412:
404:
402:
400:
399:South America
396:
392:
391:North America
388:
387:
382:
379:
375:
374:
369:
357:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
337:
334:
330:
307:
303:
298:
295:
291:
286:
281:
277:
271:
269:
263:
260:
259:Binomial name
256:
252:
251:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:Passeriformes
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
165:
160:
156:
150:
145:
144:Least Concern
134:
130:
125:
113:
108:
104:
99:
94:
91:
83:
73:
67:
65:
60:
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2614:
2306:
2277:
2254:
2214:(1): 44–49.
2211:
2207:Bird-Banding
2205:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2159:
2154:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2082:(1): 87–93.
2079:
2073:
2057:
2051:
2028:(1): 45–61.
2025:
2021:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1945:
1941:
1922:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1805:
1797:
1778:
1766:
1761:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1702:
1693:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1612:
1604:
1528:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1504:
1498:
1492:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1441:
1421:agricultural
1402:
1388:
1371:
1351:
1345:, generally
1330:r-strategist
1327:
1308:
1306:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1253:
1245:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1118:
1106:
1098:
1093:such as the
1078:
1070:
1064:
1041:
1029:Caterpillars
998:
957:
947:
939:
904:
850:
842:
838:
830:
828:
805:Recorded in
788:
745:
721:
706:Puerto Ayora
701:
677:
654:
614:
613:
609:
607:
598:
592:
591:
587:
585:
583:head patch.
581:
576:Florida Keys
571:
563:Grand Cayman
558:
540:
539:
535:
533:
516:
500:
495:
488:
484:
476:
474:
443:
433:
429:
421:
417:
410:
408:
384:
372:
371:
367:
365:
351:
346:
341:
293:
267:
265:
249:
248:
236:
90:
77:
61:
59:lead section
2546:Neotropical
2507:NatureServe
2468:iNaturalist
2331:Wikispecies
2060:(2): 47–60.
1733:Audubon.org
1511:12 November
1433:overgrazing
1191:A. striatus
1185:), and the
1127:Musteloidea
994:conspecific
990:territorial
847:territorial
835:populations
791:group) song
640:Scandinavia
567:Cayman Brac
551:West Indies
489:S. petechia
477:S. petechia
288:Subspecies
2674:Categories
2598:Xeno-canto
2004:, London.
1965:sensu lato
1946:sensu lato
1933:References
1846:2013-12-13
1398:ecotourism
1358:Incubation
1167:feral cats
1123:Carnivores
1087:fledglings
1067:blue racer
1050:, such as
1048:passerines
919:California
822:media help
663:Costa Rica
525:Bergmann's
504:wing chord
453:subspecies
32:Chloropeta
2685:Setophaga
2630:Q21962224
2322:Q21962227
1992:(2): 232.
1474:Footnotes
1429:pesticide
1425:herbicide
1417:pollution
1379:predation
1362:nestlings
1343:songbirds
1310:Parulidae
1289:parasites
1281:mortality
1270:Molothrus
1266:Setophaga
1083:nestlings
1044:predators
1033:nestlings
1011:and some
970:farmlands
966:shrubland
909:from the
875:nestlings
859:see below
730:Wisconsin
628:migratory
621:temperate
559:S. p. eoa
483:, or the
462:rectrices
434:petecchia
411:Setophaga
405:Etymology
395:Caribbean
386:Setophaga
244:Species:
237:Setophaga
226:Parulidae
182:Kingdom:
176:Eukaryota
80:July 2018
64:summarize
2624:Wikidata
2512:2.106383
2499:22721657
2388:22721657
2383:BirdLife
2316:Wikidata
2144:86326179
2096:87907947
1939:AnAge :
1771:Moraceae
1765:E.g. of
1621:Archived
1452:Barbados
1437:riparian
1339:Tropical
1315:fledging
1295:Breeding
1234:cowbirds
1163:domestic
1103:blue jay
1001:gleaning
982:orchards
978:suburban
962:mangrove
950:riparian
925:region,
547:mangrove
541:petechia
517:petechia
430:petechia
413:is from
356:protonym
333:Synonyms
276:Linnaeus
222:Family:
196:Chordata
192:Phylum:
186:Animalia
172:Domain:
149:IUCN 3.1
2652:ZooBank
2644:4408925
2450:7341834
2370:Avibase
2228:4511232
2121:The Auk
1603:Curson
1536:, 355.
1407:by the
1394:insects
1366:brooded
1334:adapted
1262:cuckoos
1203:merlins
1161:), and
1155:red fox
1111:rodents
1091:corvids
1013:berries
1005:hawking
954:willows
927:Bolivia
921:to the
895:reedbed
865:Ecology
857:alert (
855:cowbird
789:aestiva
682:Bonaire
632:Central
615:aestiva
485:aestiva
481:species
458:remiges
450:warbler
381:species
376:) is a
232:Genus:
212:Order:
202:Class:
147: (
2590:372379
2577:612066
2551:yelwar
2538:123631
2486:950039
2473:145238
2457:GNAB:
2437:yelwar
2411:yelwar
2401:670051
2350:yelwar
2267:Stamps
2226:
2142:
2094:
2008:
1902:lapsus
1889:et al.
1873:et al.
1861:lapsus
1800:(2008)
1798:et al.
1674:(1981)
1672:et al.
1670:Olson
1607:(1994)
1605:et al.
1540:
1450:. The
1354:clutch
1274:fledge
1258:clutch
1217:) and
1201:) and
1177:) and
1101:) and
1073:) and
1052:snakes
1025:by 50%
1017:fruits
974:forest
923:Amazon
911:tundra
899:Kansas
883:Alaska
659:Quepos
636:Europe
512:tarsus
424:phagos
393:, the
324:
318:
312:
2432:eBird
2424:4X3C3
2408:BOW:
2224:JSTOR
2140:S2CID
2092:S2CID
2070:(PDF)
2048:(PDF)
1980:(PDF)
1711:(PDF)
1056:foxes
986:parks
958:Salix
935:Andes
885:(USA)
617:group
595:group
543:group
2639:GBIF
2559:ODNR
2533:NCBI
2494:IUCN
2481:ITIS
2445:GBIF
2396:BOLD
2006:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1513:2021
1505:2020
1442:The
1427:and
1415:and
1409:IUCN
1391:pest
1352:The
1272:may
1268:and
1145:),
1085:and
1042:The
984:and
972:and
943:Ohio
931:Peru
929:and
851:seet
843:ship
839:chip
750:Cuba
638:and
608:The
586:The
534:The
527:and
508:bill
470:buff
466:beak
460:and
366:The
280:1766
206:Aves
2520:NBN
2419:CoL
2357:ADW
2346:ABA
2216:doi
2164:PDF
2130:doi
2126:125
2084:doi
2030:doi
1534:299
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418:ses
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2000:.
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1988:.
1982:.
1957:–
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