601:
536:
366:
constraints. The delays and escalating costs of the project were a hindrance not only to its introduction but to its later viability. By 1998, the year in which the first production
Rooivalk was delivered to the SAAF, the lengthy development time meant that the rotorcraft was already suffering from some alleged obsolescence issues; it was an aerodynamically sound aircraft but the avionics, while advanced for the 1980s, were relatively outdated, which harmed the type's export potential.
29:
341:
651:
447:
an entirely new platform that used
Rooivalk technology could be produced. In September 2016, the South African government authorised government-to-government negotiations on the topic of restarting production of the Rooivalk. According to Victor Xaba, deputy chief executive of Denel Aerostructures, the company needed commitments for at least 70 rotorcraft for the re-establishment of the assembly line to be viable.
308:
armaments. During the 1980s, the defence budgets of South Africa were relatively generous, especially in contrast to later decades, thus Denel sought to provide a rotorcraft that would be amongst, even potentially superior to, the best attack helicopters in the world. The helicopter, later named the
Rooivalk, was envisioned as an agile, highly sophisticated gunship, especially suited to the threats of the
491:
929:
353:
to possibly enter service around the same time as the Oryx, the
Rooivalk instead suffered from a highly extended development time. In 1988, the Border War came to a close, which soon led to substantial cuts in the defence budget. The planned attack helicopter acquisition was cut from 36 rotorcraft to only 12, greatly affecting the
275:. Due to the great difficulty posed by the prospects of designing and manufacturing a clean-design helicopter, which would have substantially increased the cost and timescale of the project, it was decided to base the attack helicopter upon an existing design. At the time, the SAAF operated two principal helicopter types – the
588:
On 1 April 2011, the SAAF received the first five of eleven (one of the twelve aircraft originally delivered to the SAAF was written off after an accident) Block 1F upgraded
Rooivalk. The upgrade involves improved targeting systems and other avionics which enable the helicopter to use guided missiles
446:
In
September 2014, Denel Group chief executive Riaz Saloojee stated that the firm were studying the feasibility of reopening the Rooivalk production line, which had been mothballed in 2007 after the production of the initial 12 SAAF aircraft. Saloojee stated that new production aircraft conforming to
295:
and had improved performance in the high temperature climate that the type was typically being operated in; development of the Oryx was far quicker than what would become the
Rooivalk as it was a more straightforward program. Other potential sources were mooted, such as the use of propulsion elements
506:
The
Rooivalk carries a range of weapons depending on the mission profile. It is generally fitted with a nose-mounted 20 mm cannon and can also carry air-to-air missiles, anti-armour missiles and unguided rockets. The Rooivalk has a fire control system for target acquisition and tracking as well
502:
Due to the SAAF's decades of helicopter experience in the harsh
African environment, the Rooivalk has been designed to operate for prolonged periods without sophisticated support. All that is needed to keep the Rooivalk flying is a medium transport helicopter equipped with a basic spares supply plus
454:
had been periodically mooted. In July 2015, Saloojee spoke on the company's efforts to gain support for a
Rooivalk Mk 2 programme which would involve a large proportion of new systems and for which the firm had already produced a roadmap. In late 2016, Denel stated that it was conducting a series of
365:
were broadly supportive of the Rooivalk program, in part as the presence of South African attack helicopters would reduce the need for large numbers of tanks to be procured and maintained. The Army thus provided funding for the Rooivalk program for a time, helping it survive the tightening budgetary
286:
The Puma was substantially larger and was equipped with more powerful engines; both factors provided a broader basis for the accommodation of additional equipment and for potential growth. Another key factor for its selection was the parallel development of a localised and improved model of the Puma
596:
was qualified as part of the upgrade process. Gearbox components were improved and cooling problems with the F2 20 mm cannon were also addressed. The ninth and tenth Rooivalk attack helicopters were delivered in September 2012 following their upgrade to the Block 1F initial operating standard.
352:
The prototype first flew on 11 February 1990, by which time the program had suffered a considerable setback. Some of the program's ailments were a consequence of the ambition to produce a world-leading attack helicopter; while a simpler aircraft may have been completed during the 1980s, allowing it
442:
and enhancements to the rotorcraft's avionics. On 15 September 2016, it was announced that Airbus Helicopters and Denel had signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the SAAF modernisation program; further details on the changes included reliability and survivability improvements, an
369:
The topic of support for the rotorcraft was another decisive factor in prospective export sales. Beyond doubts present over the long term future of Denel and thus its ability to provide the necessary manufacturer support to operate the type, the Rooivalk relies extensively on French technology,
378:
attack helicopter, the firm allegedly warned potential buyers that the necessary support for the aircraft's dynamic systems, which they provided, may not be forthcoming. Political factors had been attributed as a major hindrance on the export market, such as pressure allegedly exercised by the
307:
ancestors—as the basis for the planned attack helicopter; commonality with the Oryx systems would simplify logistics and reduce maintenance costs. This meant that the attack helicopter would have a significantly large airframe, giving it long range and the capability to carry many sensors and
511:
and GPS. Also incorporated is an electronic countermeasures suite coupled with chaff and flare dispensers. The Rooivalk has a nose-mounted gyro-stabilised sensor turret housing with auto-tracking. The Rooivalk uses a Thales TopOwl helmet mounted display (also used by several other attack and
515:
Notable features include a tandem cockpit, starboard tail rotor with a port tailplane, a fixed wheeled undercarriage as well as wire cutters above and below the cockpit and on the undercarriage. The Rooivalk is capable of doing a loop and thus momentarily "flying upside down".
581:, that the SAAF was to invest R962 million (about US$ 137 million in 2007 exchange rates) in the helicopter over three years to 2010/2011, in order to bring it up to full operational status. The helicopter was expected to be deployed on peace-keeping duties as soon as
621:
323:
was the first prototype to emerge from the program. It was developed from an Alouette III airframe, retaining that helicopter's engine and dynamic components; modifications included the replacement of the original cockpit with a stepped
1637:
565:
On 17 May 2007, Denel group CEO Shaun Liebenberg announced a decision to cease further development and funding for the Rooivalk as an export product following its failure to win the Turkish attack helicopter tender against the
402:, however no such sales had emerged by 2013. The development of the Rooivalk had a positive effect on the development of the South African aviation and high technology industries, leading to the creation of firms such as
1407:
360:
It has been claimed that some SAAF officials were of the viewpoint that the Rooivalk was a direct threat to fixed-wing aircraft, particularly in light of the diminishing defence budget, and sought its termination. The
236:, the South African Defence Force recognised the need for a dedicated attack helicopter and began developing a suitable aircraft. The helicopter was to escort helicopter troop transports, conduct strike missions upon
357:. In pursuit of a high-end system, the cost of the program in comparison to a simpler attack helicopter were driven upwards, although the increases were never in excess of the allotted budget between 1984 and 1990.
283:. The Alouette III was a small helicopter which originated from the 1960s; due to the age of the design and a lack of engine power, it was not considered a favourable candidate for further development work.
1531:
332:. The results of flight tests of the XH-1 were ultimately good enough to convince both Atlas and the SAAF that the concept was feasible, opening the door to proceed with the development of the Rooivalk.
1552:
1573:
551:
By April 2005, only six of the 12 aircraft were available for operational test and evaluation with the others in need of software upgrades. The Chief of the South African Air Force, Lt. Gen.
1641:
1117:
1513:
328:
counterpart, the addition of a 20 mm cannon on the nose and the conversion of the undercarriage to a tail-dragger configuration. On 3 February 1985, the XH-1 conducted its
1415:
559:, attributing the delays to the exodus of personnel from Denel as well as its financial problems. This has forced the SAAF to assess alternative defence development partners.
410:(ATE). The industrial impact of the Rooivalk program has been claimed to have enabled South African defence businesses to participate in other aerospace programs, such as the
1392:
1348:
1333:
191:
Development of the Rooivalk was protracted due to the impact of limited budgets during the 1990s, and a desire to produce a highly advanced attack helicopter. The
2277:
253:
2401:
2391:
1595:
1366:
263:
Developing an entirely new helicopter from scratch would have involved designing and developing many accompanying subsystems and components, such as the
628:
617:
605:
540:
2406:
600:
1458:
609:
535:
303:
Ultimately, it was decided to adopt both the powerplant and dynamic systems of the Oryx—which bore significant similarities to their Puma and
2421:
1875:
407:
2111:
2215:
1238:
1318:
1268:
512:
transport helicopters around the world). The system was developed by Société de Fabrication d’Instruments de Mesure (SFIM) in 1999/2000.
1517:
2270:
1169:
300:; the adoption of these components has been speculated to have likely resulted in a smaller and potentially more economic rotorcraft.
1191:
2411:
2231:
1741:
1214:
1100:
1436:
544:
439:
682:
1839:
2263:
1487:
1303:
1034:
582:
276:
1285:
2416:
2149:
2042:
2008:
1996:
1969:
1952:
1930:
1925:
1706:
304:
2193:
2144:
1920:
1887:
280:
185:
132:
1616:
2286:
2160:
2062:
578:
225:
177:
1663:
1868:
903:
2246:
884:
297:
272:
233:
1462:
2396:
2001:
1962:
1957:
1046:
663:
199:
in SAAF service, the first of which were officially handed over in April 2011. The helicopters are flown by
192:
85:
869:
62:
2223:
969:
292:
237:
1808:
1466:
2182:
2133:
1861:
1783:
1076:
964:
780:
567:
419:
438:
upgrade program for the existing Rooivalk fleet; prospective improvements include the addition of a
2299:
979:
907:
384:
345:
1848:
1985:
1941:
1051:
897:
423:
411:
371:
362:
1349:"Denel and Aselsan to collaborate on modernization of South African Rooivalk attack helicopters"
1242:
340:
28:
2290:
2089:
1737:
1210:
1096:
636:
524:
245:
153:
47:
2370:
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2327:
2171:
2078:
2013:
1974:
989:
974:
952:
668:
415:
375:
354:
320:
268:
200:
843:
720 km (450 mi, 390 nmi) at 1,525 m (5,003 ft) (max external fuel)
2332:
1843:
1596:"Gripen, Rooivalk Deliveries Bring SAAF up to Strength | Aviation International News"
934:
894:
204:
1909:
1884:
622:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
562:
One airframe was damaged beyond repair on 3 August 2005 after an "uncontrolled landing".
2312:
574:
520:
495:
395:
173:
157:
67:
1393:"The Rooivalk – a symbol of national pride and a boost to foreign policy muscle power"
2385:
2322:
1411:
1014:
552:
508:
380:
329:
1758:
443:
increased payload, and the replacement of obsolete targeting systems and armaments.
2317:
2255:
1904:
1736:(94th ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. pp. 442–443.
994:
805:
686:
656:
490:
249:
241:
208:
1836:
557:"extremely worrying factor of time that the project was taking to reach maturity"
1684:
1009:
1004:
999:
681:
The first prototype Rooivalk XDM, SAAF serial 683, is on static display at the
2355:
2347:
2337:
2073:
1029:
947:
924:
873:
783:
288:
264:
181:
1664:"Rooivalk attack helicopters perform well in first combat action against M23"
555:, hoped that the helicopters would be ready around June 2007, indicating the
2307:
1024:
1019:
984:
913:
482:
signed an agreement to collaborate on the avionics upgrade of the Rooivalk.
257:
165:
1853:
1710:
826:
690:
391:
2122:
1118:"SAAF finally takes delivery of fully operational Rooivalk helicopters"
479:
464:
403:
313:
1617:"Final Rooivalk Handover Cements Relationship Between Denel and SAAF"
1334:"New generation Denel Rooivalk attack helicopter under consideration"
880:
590:
468:
460:
399:
325:
309:
169:
16:
Attack helicopter by Atlas Aircraft Corporation, later Denel Aviation
822:
278 km/h (173 mph, 150 kn) at sea level (max cruise)
224:
The Rooivalk project began in early 1984 under the auspices of the
599:
534:
489:
472:
456:
390:
Various potential export opportunities were investigated, such as
339:
260:, which prevented foreign combat helicopters from being imported.
229:
837:
740 km (460 mi, 400 nmi) at sea level (max cruise)
891:
597:
The eleventh and final Rooivalk was delivered on 13 March 2013.
593:
2259:
1857:
639:
positions near Chanzu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
519:
The following types of missions are foreseen for the Rooivalk:
616:
Three Rooivalk attack helicopters have been deployed with the
383:
government to persuade foreign customers to select the rival
1732:
Lindsay Peacock; Paul Jackson; Kenneth Munson, eds. (2003).
1367:"TopOwl, Helmet-mounted Sight & Display for Helicopters"
1269:"AAD: Denel to begin formal talks over relaunching Rooivalk"
539:
Two SAAF Rooivalk Attack Helicopters serving as part of the
455:
talks with various nations on the Rooivalk Mk 2, including
267:
engines and the dynamic systems, such as the main and tail
773:
1,854 L (490 US gal; 408 imp gal)
1207:
Soaring with Eagles (no page numbers, section on 16 Sqdn)
1192:"Developing the Rooivalk Mk2 would tick many vital boxes"
232:. Faced with the increasingly conventional nature of the
184:
transport helicopter, both aircraft being based on the
1319:"Amid Rooivalk restart talks, Denel eyes new platform"
244:
tanks; in the latter role, it was to be equipped with
240:, and effectively counter the increasing presence of
2346:
2298:
2206:
2180:
2158:
2131:
2109:
2087:
2060:
2051:
2028:
1983:
1939:
1902:
1895:
1459:"Denel gets R8bn shot in the arm, ditches Rooivalk"
959:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
128:
120:
112:
104:
99:
91:
81:
73:
61:
53:
43:
38:
21:
1304:"AAD 2016: Airbus, Denel to cooperate on Rooivalk"
1408:"Rooivalk delays endanger SA's peacekeeping role"
1262:
1260:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1093:The International Directiory of Military Aircraft
188:and having started development at the same time.
1488:"Agusta wins Turkish attack helicopter contract"
1437:"SAAF Rooivalk fleet nearing operational status"
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
434:In 2016, Denel was reportedly proceeding with a
176:. Development of the type began in 1984 by the
1095:. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd. p. 71.
604:South African Rooivalk Attack Helicopter over
254:United Nations Security Council Resolution 418
180:, its development is closely connected to the
2271:
1869:
1286:"Airbus, Denel sign MoU for Rooivalk upgrade"
8:
1280:
1278:
786:engines, 1,420 kW (1,900 hp) each
724:18.73 m (61 ft 5 in) overall
627:On 4 November 2013, two Rooivalks with the
374:; due to the Rooivalk being a rival to the
195:(SAAF) ordered 12 Rooivalk, designated the
2278:
2264:
2256:
2057:
1899:
1876:
1862:
1854:
1734:Jane's All The World's Aircraft, 2003–2004
1239:"A brief (brutal) history of the Rooivalk"
1190:Heitman, Helmoed Römer (21 January 2016).
704:Jane's All The World's Aircraft, 2003–2004
18:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
831:309 km/h (192 mph, 167 kn)
629:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade
618:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade
541:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade
248:. At the time, South Africa was under an
1849:Rooivalk Attack Helicopter, South Africa
1640:. DefenceWeb. 2013-10-11. Archived from
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1759:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
1063:
735:16.39 m (54 ft) fuselage only
573:During November 2007, Defence Minister
507:as an advanced navigation system using
1317:Trimble, Stephen (10 September 2014).
718:2 (pilot & weapon systems officer)
1638:"Exclusive: Rooivalk is going to DRC"
1553:"SAAF ceremonially receives Rooivalk"
1532:"Denel's Mokopa PGM ready for market"
1267:Morrison, Murdo (14 September 2016).
798:190.6 m (2,052 sq ft)
792:× 15.58 m (51 ft 1 in)
527:, deep penetration, and anti-armour.
408:Advanced Technologies and Engineering
7:
2216:Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N
1574:"First five Rooivalk now in service"
1170:"What went wrong with the Rooivalk?"
1069:
1067:
312:and countering vehicles such as the
2402:1990s South African attack aircraft
2392:Atlas Aircraft Corporation aircraft
1306:. Shephard News. 16 September 2016.
1074:"Military Aircraft of the World".
749:5.19 m (17 ft 0 in)
291:. The Oryx possessed an increased
14:
2232:CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241
1237:Shear, Simon (1 September 2013).
855:13.3 m/s (2,620 ft/min)
543:escorting a UN delegation in the
1512:Engelbrecht, Leon (2007-11-12).
1347:Dubois, Gastón (July 28, 2023).
1080:. 15–21 August 1990. p. 47.
927:
649:
545:Democratic Republic of the Congo
450:The production of a prospective
77:Out of production and in service
27:
2407:1990s South African helicopters
1837:Aircraft.co.za – Denel Rooivalk
1168:Campbell, Keith (8 June 2007).
478:In 2023, Denel Aeronautics and
440:missile approach warning system
1813:SA Airforce Unofficial Website
1788:SA Airforce Unofficial Website
1662:Olivier, Darren (2013-11-05).
1332:Campbell, Keith (2015-07-23).
1116:Campbell, Keith (2012-04-01).
767:8,750 kg (19,290 lb)
761:7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
755:5,730 kg (12,632 lb)
683:South African Air Force Museum
287:in South Africa, known as the
1:
1406:Hosken, Graeme (2005-04-26).
849:6,100 m (20,000 ft)
305:Aérospatiale AS332 Super Puma
2422:Aircraft first flown in 1990
1687:. Flightglobal Insight. 2018
1492:International Herald Tribune
1241:. enca.co.za. Archived from
1209:. Avpix Publishing Pty Ltd.
1035:TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK
906:(FFAR) or Wrap-Around (WA) (
583:initial operating capability
1709:. af.mil.za. Archived from
1594:David Donald (2012-09-28).
1457:Ensor, Linda (2007-05-18).
1391:Kemm, Kelvin (2011-04-22).
298:Aérospatiale SA 365 Dauphin
2438:
904:folding fin aerial rockets
498:in Cape Town, South Africa
226:Atlas Aircraft Corporation
178:Atlas Aircraft Corporation
33:A Denel Rooivalk in flight
2243:
1514:"More money for Rooivalk"
902:38 or 76 × 70 mm rockets
885:anti-tank guided missiles
277:Aérospatiale Alouette III
26:
2412:Twin-turbine helicopters
1666:. African Defence Review
1576:. DefenceWeb. 2011-04-04
1555:. DefenceWeb. 2011-04-01
1534:. DefenceWeb. 2011-01-26
1091:Frawley, Gerard (2002).
589:for the first time. The
281:Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
234:South African Border War
186:Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
133:Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
1763:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
1707:"SAAF Current aircraft"
1685:"World Air Forces 2018"
1516:. ITWeb. Archived from
1321:. Flight International.
1271:. Flight International.
1047:List of attack aircraft
709:General characteristics
687:Swartkop Air Force Base
664:South African Air Force
238:anti-aircraft positions
193:South African Air Force
172:", which refers to the
144:(previously designated
86:South African Air Force
613:
548:
499:
349:
2224:CHC Scotia Flight 23R
970:AgustaWestland Apache
603:
538:
493:
343:
293:power-to-weight ratio
256:due to its policy of
1292:. 19 September 2016.
1205:Dely, Frans (2004).
1077:Flight International
965:Agusta A129 Mangusta
790:Main rotor diameter:
781:Turbomeca Makila 1K2
568:Agusta A129 Mangusta
523:, heliborne escort,
420:AgustaWestland AW109
2300:Fixed-wing aircraft
1713:on 13 February 2012
1395:. Engineering News.
1336:. Engineering News.
1290:Australian Aviation
1172:. Engineering News.
980:Boeing AH-64 Apache
942:Related development
916:Laser Guided Rocket
898:air-to-air missiles
765:Max takeoff weight:
677:Aircraft on display
531:Operational service
430:Further development
385:Boeing AH-64 Apache
370:presently owned by
346:Farnborough Airshow
228:, a predecessor of
39:General information
2417:Attack helicopters
1842:2017-11-07 at the
1619:. defenceweb.co.za
1439:. Saairforce.co.za
1245:on 7 November 2018
1052:List of rotorcraft
827:Never exceed speed
614:
549:
500:
424:Airbus A400M Atlas
412:Saab JAS 39 Gripen
372:Airbus Helicopters
363:South African Army
355:economies of scale
350:
344:A Rooivalk at the
246:anti-tank missiles
2379:
2378:
2291:Denel Aeronautics
2253:
2252:
2202:
2201:
2187:
2165:
2138:
2116:
2094:
2067:
2024:
2023:
1990:
1946:
1914:
1809:"FZ 90 70mm FFAR"
1757:Lednicer, David.
525:close air support
503:four groundcrew.
160:of South Africa.
154:attack helicopter
138:
137:
113:Introduction date
48:Attack helicopter
2429:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2186:(United Kingdom)
2181:
2159:
2132:
2110:
2088:
2061:
2058:
1984:
1940:
1903:
1900:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1784:"F2 20mm Cannon"
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1703:
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1696:
1694:
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1675:
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1603:
1591:
1585:
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1570:
1564:
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1549:
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1528:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1465:. Archived from
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1414:. Archived from
1403:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1353:Aviacionline.com
1344:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1071:
990:Eurocopter Tiger
975:Bell AH-1Z Viper
953:Atlas XH-1 Alpha
937:
932:
931:
930:
883:ZT-6 long-range
863:
847:Service ceiling:
815:
796:Main rotor area:
711:
655:
653:
652:
416:BAE Systems Hawk
376:Eurocopter Tiger
321:Atlas XH-1 Alpha
156:manufactured by
124:11 February 1990
31:
19:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2342:
2294:
2284:
2254:
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1910:Aérospatiale
1905:Sud Aviation
1885:Aérospatiale
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
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1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:the original
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1679:
1668:. Retrieved
1657:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:the original
1632:
1621:. Retrieved
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1568:
1557:. Retrieved
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1526:
1518:the original
1507:
1496:. Retrieved
1494:. 2007-03-30
1491:
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1471:. Retrieved
1467:the original
1463:Business Day
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1416:the original
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1374:. Retrieved
1371:Thales Group
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1247:. Retrieved
1243:the original
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995:HAL Prachand
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250:arms embargo
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209:Bloemfontein
196:
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149:
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141:
139:
121:First flight
116:1 April 2011
105:Manufactured
92:Number built
82:Primary user
63:Manufacturer
57:South Africa
2348:Helicopters
2137:(Indonesia)
1945:(1992–2014)
1931:SA332/AS332
1913:(1968–1992)
1818:23 February
1793:23 February
1010:Kamov Ka-50
1005:IAIO Toufan
1000:Harbin Z-19
813:Performance
777:Powerplant:
669:16 Squadron
635:rockets on
336:Into flight
252:enacted by
215:Development
203:, based at
201:16 Squadron
2386:Categories
2371:XTP-1 Beta
2366:XH-1 Alpha
2245:See also:
2079:XTP-1 Beta
2054:production
1942:Eurocopter
1717:21 October
1670:2013-11-05
1648:2013-10-13
1623:2013-03-15
1602:2013-03-15
1580:2013-03-15
1559:2013-03-15
1538:2013-03-15
1498:2007-05-18
1473:2007-05-18
1443:2013-03-15
1422:2007-05-18
1376:4 February
1058:References
1030:Panha 2091
948:Atlas Oryx
879:8 or 16 ×
784:turboshaft
579:Parliament
289:Atlas Oryx
265:turboshaft
182:Atlas Oryx
2209:incidents
2115:(Romania)
1025:Mil Mi-28
1020:Mil Mi-24
985:CAIC Z-10
914:FZ275 LGR
806:NACA 0015
702:Data from
643:Operators
624:in 2013.
387:instead.
273:gearboxes
258:apartheid
168:for "Red
166:Afrikaans
108:1990–2007
2361:Rooivalk
2293:aircraft
2183:Westland
2101:Rooivalk
2029:Military
1896:Aircraft
1840:Archived
1768:16 April
1691:4 August
921:See also
910:70mm WA)
861:Armament
691:Pretoria
608:base in
392:Malaysia
279:and the
271:and the
162:Rooivalk
152:) is an
22:Rooivalk
2323:Cheetah
2150:NAS 332
2145:NAS 330
2123:IAR 330
2052:Foreign
895:Mistral
747:Height:
722:Length:
480:Aselsan
465:Nigeria
404:Aerosud
348:in 1994
296:of the
220:Origins
100:History
2328:Impala
2318:Carver
2313:Bosbok
2235:(2016)
2227:(2013)
2219:(2009)
1986:Airbus
1890:family
1740:
1213:
1099:
887:(ATGM)
881:Mokopa
874:cannon
872:20 mm
835:Range:
654:
631:fired
591:Mokopa
486:Design
471:, and
469:Poland
461:Brazil
436:Mk 1.1
422:, and
400:Turkey
398:, and
394:, the
326:tandem
316:tank.
242:Soviet
170:Falcon
74:Status
2287:Atlas
2172:KUH-1
2090:Denel
2063:Atlas
2043:VH-34
1975:EC725
1970:EC225
1963:AS535
1958:AS532
1953:AS332
1926:SA331
1921:SA330
716:Crew:
473:India
457:Egypt
207:near
150:CSH-2
2356:Oryx
2338:SARA
2333:Kudu
2194:Puma
2134:IPTN
2074:Oryx
2009:H225
1997:H215
1888:Puma
1820:2015
1795:2015
1770:2019
1738:ISBN
1719:2014
1693:2018
1378:2022
1251:2016
1211:ISBN
1097:ISBN
908:FZ90
892:MBDA
890:4 ×
868:1 ×
779:2 ×
612:2014
610:Sake
594:ATGM
406:and
319:The
314:T-55
148:and
146:AH-2
140:The
44:Type
2308:ACE
2161:KAI
2112:IAR
2038:H-2
637:M23
606:FIB
164:is
2388::
1811:.
1786:.
1761:.
1490:.
1461:.
1410:.
1369:.
1351:.
1288:.
1277:^
1259:^
1225:^
1178:^
1126:^
1066:^
870:F2
693:.
689:,
685:,
570:.
475:.
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463:,
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426:.
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211:.
95:15
2289:/
2279:e
2272:t
2265:v
2014:M
2002:M
1907:/
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829::
547:.
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