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zip and knitted wool cuffs, but the flannel lining of the collar was changed from khaki to light green. The most obvious difference to the eye, however, was the change in pattern and colours of the camouflage. The pattern became less random, more defined, with broad, vertical brush-strokes, and greater contrast between the base light khaki and the overprinted tones. The green was much darker than previous versions, and the brown was now chocolate, rather than brick. Where green and brown overlapped, they formed a fourth, darker, olive brown colour.
426:
1942 Parachutist's
Oversmock, a longer, sleeveless, fully zipped jump-jacket, made of a grey-green denim material that was worn under the parachute harness, but over everything else (including the Denison). This Parachutist's Oversmock also featured a tail flap and its sole intention was to prevent the paratroopers equipment from snagging while emplaned or during a jump. It was to be discarded on landing. The oversmock had capacious elasticated pockets on the skirt, intended as a safer way to carry
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to make it more wind-proof, the tops of woollen socks were often sewn to the cuffs. The half-length zip fastener on this smock was made of brass. The colours of the 2nd pattern also differed from those of the earlier smocks, the base colour varying from a light to a medium olive combination, with overlying brushstrokes of reddish brown and dark olive green. These colours were thought better suited to the North
Western European theatre.
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incorrectly referred to as the "SAS Windproof". It was not designed much for parachuting, and lacked a crotch flap, having a drawstring hem instead. The most distinctive point of difference between 'Windproofs' and the
Denison smock are that the former are hooded. Windproof smocks and trousers were worn by French paratroopers in Indochina, and to a lesser extent in Algeria. The French referred to the pattern as "sausage skin".
187:, but under his parachute pack and harness, as its primary purpose was to prevent the wearer's equipment from snagging while emplaned or during a jump. It was equally useful for camouflage and as a windproof garment that provided a method of carrying ammunition or equipment. Contemporary photographs show that airborne troops preferred to wear the smocks under their webbing once they had landed.
25:
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285:). A "beaver tail" fastened beneath the crotch from the back to the front of the smock – which kept it from riding up during a parachute descent. When not used, the tail would hang down behind the wearer's knees, hence the nickname "men with tails", given by the Arabs in North Africa in 1942. The smock was styled as a very loose garment, since it would be worn over
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fastened (but now bellowed) pockets, a full-length zip without buttons down the front, the traditional olive green knitted wool cuffs, and a 'crotch flap' on the outside of the back. With the introduction of the
British Army's multi-terrain camouflage pattern (MTP), a version of the "Smock, Parachutist" in that pattern was issued.
601:"Although a status symbol in the British Army, the Denison," wrote ex-SAS officer, Barry Gregory, "was windproof but not waterproof and stank after use like a coal-miner's sweat shirt. I used it in extremis as a pillow when sleeping out with sleeping-bag and poncho to keep my head above ground level."
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until the mid-1970s (see below), and changed little from the wartime issue. A full-length brass zip had become standard with no cloth flap to cover it and the knitted cuffs deleted on the 2nd
Pattern smock were reintroduced. The base colour of the camouflage pattern was now a lighter khaki shade. The
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airdrops, some officers had had their jackets modified with a full-length zip by their personal tailors, since this was not available on the issue item. Wartime photographs show that some other ranks had their smocks serviced the same way by the unit tailor. The zip was most commonly removed from the
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snagging in the webbing and causing a 'chute malfunction. This sleeveless smock had a long external zip (often removed and used to make the half-zip
Denisons full zip), a monkey tail that press studded to the outside front of the oversmock and two elasticated open pockets on the lower front which
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material, allegedly hand-painted with broad, mop like brushes using non-colourfast dyes in broad pea green and dark brown stripes, or "brush-strokes". With use the base colour faded to a sandy buff, and the overlaid shades gained a blended appearance. The colours of the 1st pattern smock were thought
562:, together with Air Despatchers of 47 Air Despatch Squadron (RCT) and the 395th Air Despatch Troop (RCT) (V), continued to wear the Denison smock, (typically with olive green Trousers, combat, 1960 pattern for field use or "lightweight" trousers in barracks and walking-out) until the late 1970s. The
467:
Variations of the 'Windproof' have been the basic
Special Forces smock until the present, with several alternative colours seen over the years – white (or at least natural cotton) for LRDG's desert use; olive green; black; and, in now very rare later issues of the Smock, Windproof, 1963 Pattern, the
360:
The 1st
Pattern smock design was replaced in 1944 by a second pattern which had buttoning tabs at the cuffs and brass snap fasteners to stow the tail flap on the back of the jacket when not needed. Other detail differences included reduced length and tube shaped rather than tapered sleeves. In order
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began to replace the
Denison smock beginning in 1977. The new DPM replacement was not constructed of the Denison's heavyweight twill, but was instead made from the same cotton material as the '68-Pattern combat jacket. However, it was cut like the Denison smock, with smaller Newey press-stud (snap)
433:
A sniper's variant of the
Denison smock is known, in effect an issue smock with a specialized pocket (approximately 10" x 10") added to the left rear in which could be carried food & water, maps, ammunition, and other small equipment. Modifications were done at the unit level and known examples
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The Denison was significantly modified in the 1959 Pattern. This had a higher hem line, and was much less baggy. This was because wearing it over the personal carrying equipment (but under the parachute harness) while parachuting was no longer the practice. The '59 Pattern retained the full length
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pattern, in which the green and brown brush-strokes were more frequent, but much smaller, on a light greyish green base. Lizard evolved into two main styles: vertical, and horizontal (indicating the general direction of the brushstrokes). Other developments changed the shape of the brushstrokes,
206:("bone sack"). This first "smock" was designed to be stepped into and pulled up over the body like a set of overalls which had had the legs removed from mid-thigh. The new Denison smock was put on and removed by pulling over the head: the collar zipped open as far as the chest, making it a true
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similar to that of the 'brushstroke' pattern applied to the Denison. The pattern has a base colour of pink with overlying brushstrokes of plum, pale green and dark brown. The Smock, Windproof and trousers were also issued to British troops in Korea during the winter of 1950. It is sometimes
589:, wore the Denison from the 1950s until adopting the 1968 Pattern DPM uniform in the early 1980s. This presumably resulted from the many officers and other ranks who had served in the Parachute Regiment, Special Air Services and other special forces during the Second World War. The unit's
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A camouflaged overall garment in a similar camouflage pattern along with a matching cloth helmet were issued to the SOE and allied agents parachuting into occupied Europe and were discarded shortly after descent. SOE jumpsuits were also issued in white for winter/arctic environments.
626:(SAS). On their return to Belgium after the war, the unit (and its successors) continued to wear the Denison Smock, with the design following a separate evolutionary path there (M54 in Moon and Balls pattern, M56 in Belgian brushstroke pattern, and M58 in jigsaw pattern).
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theatres. It had a half length zip fastener made of steel, knitted woollen cuffs, four external pockets that secured with brass snaps (two on the chest and two below the waist), two internal pockets on the chest, and epaulettes that secured with plastic
180:, remaining in service with the British Army until the early 1970s when it was replaced by a version in the Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) smock. The garment was also issued as standard to the scout and sniper platoons of line infantry battalions.
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in Indochina, including while the unit was at Dien Bien Phu; the majority of the smocks worn were in their original configuration, but modifications (particularly to the front and neck openings) were often made by local tailors or unit
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The Canadian Airborne Regiment was first issued an olive green replacement for the Denison in the 1950s, and in 1975 a Disruptive Pattern parachute smock entered service, remaining in the inventory until the regiment disbanded in 1995.
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style. The zip was covered by a cloth flap, which had no buttons or other method to fasten it down. Introduced in 1942, the "Airborne Smock Denison Camouflage" bore a camouflage pattern designed by a
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on later garments) remained on inventories in Commonwealth and other militaries after the Second World War, and was popular with troops in Korea. It remained standard combat dress for the
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The characteristic "brushstroke" camouflage pattern used on the Denison Smock has had a notable influence on the development of camouflage clothing worldwide. As well as being the design
2031:
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1009:
Lassus, Denis. Dien Bien Phu: Uniforms of the Parachute Battalions. Military Illustrated Past and Present, No. 20 (August–September 1989). Military Illustrated Ltd. 39-40, 44-45.
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Lassus, Denis. Dien Bien Phu: Uniforms of the Parachute Battalions. Military Illustrated Past and Present, No. 20 (August–September 1989). Military Illustrated Ltd. 38-39.
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between 1941 and 1944. In the early smocks the colours were meant to be impermanent and wash out, leaving the garment looking like a typical French artisan or labourer's
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to liberate France during WWII, and continued to wear it after the war. The Denison smock was also utilized by most of the soldiers in the French army's
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chances. As the newly formed Airborne Forces expanded, so the need for smocks grew, meaning that they were by now screen printed for easier production.
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were to hold grenades for use whilst in the air or immediately upon landing. After a successful parachute landing fall, the oversmock was discarded.
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The Royal Marines used a version which had the half zip replaced with buttons and loops for fastening the opening.
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The British Denison smock also heavily influenced the design of the French jump smock models 1947/51 and 1947/52.
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introduced in the late 1960s. The current issue Smock, Windproof is in the latest variation of the DPM design.
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671:, or palm frond-like sprays in the Indian pattern. South African Denison Smocks (later replaced by the
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Belgian special forces units serving with the British during the Second World War included the Belgian
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A waterproof Denison in waxed dark green material was also very rarely found during the War.
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Denisons of either pattern issued to officers had woollen collar linings. By the time of the
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that senior officers and sergeant majors of his battalion wore the Denison universally.
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381:, talking to troops of 5th Parachute Brigade before they emplane in an Albemarle at
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For use by Airborne troops, the Denison was worn over the battledress and under the
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Denison, a member of a camouflage unit under the command of eminent stage designer
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The 1942 Pattern Smock, Windproof, with matching over-trousers, in lighter-weight
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British Airborne Specialist Clothing from WW2 to the Present Day by Bruce Wilson
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before flying into battle in Normandy. They all wear 2nd Pattern Denison smocks
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from 1943. Both items were screen printed with colour-fast pigments in a bold
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5/6 June 1944. Pathfinder officers synchronising their watches in front of an
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The smock was made from loose-fitting, yellowish-sand coloured, heavyweight
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430:. These pockets were sometimes removed and added to the Denisons as well.
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502:"Newey" press studs changed from brass/copper to nickel-plated versions.
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The Denison was a popular garment among officers who could acquire them—
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The most important development based on Denison pattern was the French
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The smock was most commonly associated with British and Commonwealth
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878:"Silvermans Ltd. – Military, Police, Motorcycle, Outdoors, Tactical"
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was introduced as the general issue jacket of the range. Both the
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928:"US, British and Allied Reenactment • View topic – SOE Jumpsuit"
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soldier wearing a Denison smock while acting as "enemy" in 1994
218:. An alternative name was the "Smock Denison Airborne Troops".
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Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee and VE
18:
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570:(after 1965 amalgamated into the Bermuda Regiment, now the
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jump-jacket that had been directly copied in 1940 from the
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History of the British Airborne Camouflage Denison Smock
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The smock replaced an expedient first issue khaki-drill
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One of the WWII Denison patterns in a Norwegian museum
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buttons. The inside of the collar was lined with soft
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Bermuda Militia Artillery soldiers in Denison smocks
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The smock was initially worn over the paratrooper's
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List of countries that prohibit camouflage clothing
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413:) wearing Denisons, set off to round up snipers in
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2032:Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944
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692:—Replacement of Denison Smock for British Army
597:continued to wear the Denison into the 1990s.
550:combat uniform for general use in 1972, and a
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397:(right) wearing a Windak smock – 10 June 1944
8:
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638:8 Bataillon de Parachutistes de Choc (8 BPC)
312:, but its initial use was by members of the
1278:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
667:using intricate grass-like patterns in the
324:, and thus, hopefully, aiding the wearer's
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1443:Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate
1428:Camouflage clothing in Trinidad and Tobago
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546:The British Army had officially adopted a
1659:Six-Color Desert Pattern (Chocolate Chip)
791:. Department of Publications, Maharishi.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1049:South Vietnamese SAS Camouflage Fatigues
717:
434:all vary from one sample to the next.
763:. Osprey (Reed Consumer Books Ltd.).
632:wore the Denison while fighting with
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787:Blechman/Newman, Hardy/Alex (2004).
733:. British Broadcasting Corporation.
655:of its replacement, the four colour
373:The Airborne Assault: Major-General
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1802:Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform
14:
1193:As evidence for natural selection
316:(SOE), parachuted or landed into
1304:Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola
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1126:Coincident disruptive coloration
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789:DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material
281:(or in senior officer's smocks,
227:The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
141:was a coverall jacket issued to
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954:British Combat Dress Since 1945
514:The 1959 Pattern Denison Smock.
261:to best suit the wearer to the
34:needs additional citations for
1874:Operational Camouflage Pattern
1340:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
903:"OSW: One Sixth Warrior Forum"
1:
1671:Australian Disruptive Pattern
385:on the evening of 4 or 5 June
354:Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle
1935:Diffused lighting camouflage
1820:Universal Camouflage Pattern
1453:USN WWII camouflage measures
675:) were plain sand coloured.
314:Special Operations Executive
143:Special Operations Executive
16:WWII British military jacket
1880:Netherlands Fractal Pattern
1814:Tactical Assault Camouflage
1647:Disruptive Pattern Material
812:Martin, Charles C. (1994).
461:Splinter pattern camouflage
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1043:SAS B Ponchardier Uniforms
952:Burns, Michael G. (1992).
2017:British military uniforms
1743:Camouflage Central-Europe
1737:Desert Camouflage Pattern
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1153:Multi-spectral camouflage
956:. Arms and Armour Press.
759:Ferguson, Gregor (1996).
564:Bermuda Militia Artillery
1329:Johann Georg Otto Schick
607:DPM Smock, Parachutist's
229:mentioned in his memoir
133:wearing a Denison smock.
1719:Desert Night Camouflage
1272:Abbott Handerson Thayer
383:Royal Air Force Harwell
2012:British Army equipment
1264:The Colours of Animals
1258:Edward Bagnall Poulton
1148:Multi-scale camouflage
1045:", "Codo Ponchardier".
725:Hilton, Frank (1983).
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572:Royal Bermuda Regiment
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540:Royal Bermuda Regiment
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489:The Denison smock (or
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252:wearing a Windak smock
225:CC Martin, DCM, MM of
223:Company Sergeant Major
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1856:Multi-Terrain Pattern
1838:Airman Battle Uniform
1635:Rhodesian Brushstroke
1235:Underwater camouflage
1121:Disruptive coloration
816:. Dundurn Press Ltd.
706:Rhodesian Brushstroke
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379:6th Airborne Division
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155:Air Landing Regiments
151:Glider Pilot Regiment
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1973:Dazzled and Deceived
1138:Distractive markings
1116:Counter-illumination
1031:at Wikimedia Commons
982:Iacmc.forumotion.com
685:British Army Uniform
411:1st Commando Brigade
201:German parachutist's
159:air observation post
43:improve this article
1862:Australian Multicam
1665:U.S. "M81" Woodland
1423:Aircraft camouflage
1418:Military camouflage
1131:Disruptive eye mask
761:The Paras 1940–1984
701:Smock Windproof DPM
690:DPM Parachute Smock
624:Special Air Service
595:Bermuda Cadet Corps
393:Lieutenant-General
306:Special Air Service
176:uniform during the
1979:Stealth technology
1489:Splittertarnmuster
1384:Thomas N. Sherratt
978:"Para smock 1950s"
657:Disruptive Pattern
634:Free French Forces
560:Parachute Regiment
552:Smock, combat, DPM
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499:Parachute Regiment
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1143:Motion camouflage
1111:Active camouflage
1038:", Camopedia.org.
1034:Larson, Eric H. "
1027:Media related to
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669:Rhodesian pattern
580:Imperial fortress
491:Smock, camouflage
185:webbing equipment
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1989:Invisibility
1971:
1749:Soldier 2000
1629:Tiger stripe
1572:Ghillie suit
1559:
1525:Leibermuster
1519:Erbsenmuster
1507:Palmenmuster
1338:
1276:
1262:
1005:
996:
985:. Retrieved
981:
972:
953:
947:
936:. Retrieved
932:the original
922:
911:. Retrieved
907:the original
897:
885:. Retrieved
881:
872:
861:. Retrieved
857:the original
853:"SAS figure"
813:
807:
788:
760:
728:
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661:
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647:
628:
621:
612:
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551:
545:
517:
506:1959 Pattern
490:
488:
479:
476:SOE Jumpsuit
466:
447:
439:
436:
432:
420:
405:A patrol of
375:Richard Gale
359:
330:
325:
299:
287:Battle Dress
272:battle dress
255:
231:Battle Diary
230:
220:
194:
182:
174:Battle Dress
167:Commonwealth
165:, and other
138:
136:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1701:wz. 89 Puma
1653:wz. 68 Moro
1556:(1929 tent)
1513:Sumpfmuster
1369:Roy Behrens
1362:Researchers
1291:Camoufleurs
1041:Petit, P. "
696:Knochensack
576:territorial
523:Replacement
344:2nd Pattern
283:Angora wool
237:1st Pattern
204:Knochensack
191:Development
161:squadrons,
2006:Categories
1928:Prototypes
1914:Berberys-R
1900:Technology
1731:Tropentarn
1598:Strichtarn
1471:Up to WWII
1228:Aggressive
1101:Camouflage
1085:Camouflage
987:2017-06-13
938:2009-04-23
913:2012-11-17
863:2007-11-30
712:References
653:antecedent
457:battalions
407:6 Commando
365:Variations
304:, and the
69:newspapers
1725:Flecktarn
1614:Late 20th
1566:Frog Skin
1334:Hugh Cott
1223:MĂĽllerian
1186:In nature
729:The Paras
197:paratroop
125:Canadian
99:June 2017
1907:Deployed
1886:Xingkong
1808:MultiCam
1800:(2001) (
1585:Post-war
1509:(c 1941)
1463:Patterns
1403:Military
1374:Tim Caro
1218:Batesian
679:See also
673:Slangvel
593:and the
566:and the
558:and the
497:and the
485:Post-war
454:infantry
428:grenades
245:British
1965:Related
1947:Adaptiv
1919:Nakidka
1844:Type 07
1804:(2002))
1791:century
1616:century
1548:Lozenge
1213:Mimicry
1198:Crypsis
1093:Methods
887:10 June
643:riggers
587:Bermuda
574:), the
417:in 1945
333:webbing
322:chemise
279:flannel
267:Italian
83:scholar
1949:(2011)
1943:(1943)
1937:(1941)
1888:(2019)
1882:(2019)
1876:(2015)
1870:(2015)
1868:HunCam
1864:(2014)
1858:(2010)
1852:(2008)
1846:(2007)
1840:(2007)
1834:(2007)
1828:(2006)
1826:ESTDCU
1822:(2004)
1816:(2004)
1810:(2002)
1798:MARPAT
1781:(1998)
1775:(1998)
1769:(1997)
1767:CADPAT
1763:(1993)
1757:(1993)
1755:TAZ 90
1751:(1993)
1745:(1991)
1739:(1990)
1733:(1990)
1727:(1990)
1721:(1990)
1715:(1990)
1709:(1989)
1703:(1989)
1697:(1987)
1691:(1984)
1685:(1984)
1679:(1983)
1677:TAZ 83
1673:(1982)
1667:(1981)
1661:(1981)
1655:(1969)
1649:(1969)
1643:(1967)
1637:(1965)
1631:(1962)
1625:(1958)
1623:Jigsaw
1606:(1968)
1600:(1960)
1594:(1947)
1592:Lizard
1568:(1942)
1562:(1941)
1544:(1915)
1527:(1945)
1521:(1944)
1515:(1943)
1503:(1939)
1497:(1937)
1491:(1931)
1479:German
1411:Topics
1244:People
960:
820:
795:
767:
737:
664:Lizard
618:Legacy
583:colony
377:, GOC
149:, the
127:Sniper
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1779:Flora
1683:Dubok
1535:Other
1251:Early
450:denim
423:D-Day
415:Wesel
310:D-Day
276:khaki
258:twill
212:Major
208:smock
90:JSTOR
76:books
1789:21st
1641:ERDL
1604:KLMK
1481:WWII
958:ISBN
889:2017
818:ISBN
793:ISBN
765:ISBN
735:ISBN
265:and
137:The
129:Sgt
62:news
1850:EMR
1832:M05
1773:M98
1713:M90
1689:M84
585:of
548:DPM
470:DPM
409:, (
45:by
2008::
980:.
880:.
844:^
832:^
779:^
749:^
645:.
157:,
153:,
1077:e
1070:t
1063:v
990:.
966:.
941:.
916:.
891:.
866:.
826:.
801:.
773:.
743:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
