1072:
341:
1616:(EBD) uses current scientific evidence to guide decisions. It is an approach to oral health that requires the application and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient's oral and medical health. Along with the dentist's professional skill and expertise, EBD allows dentists to stay up to date on the latest procedures and patients to receive improved treatment. A new paradigm for medical education designed to incorporate current research into education and practice was developed to help practitioners provide the best care for their patients. It was first introduced by
1492:
721:
1405:
826:
98:
712:
1374:
6110:
6140:
1640:
6150:
1090:
38:
6130:
1528:
649:
6120:
1665:
1594:), exposure limits are set to 85 dBA. Exposures below 85 dBA are not considered to be hazardous. Time limits are placed on how long an individual can stay in an environment above 85 dBA before it causes hearing loss. OSHA places that limitation at 8 hours for 85 dBA. The exposure time becomes shorter as the dBA level increases.
793:
In many countries, dentists usually complete between five and eight years of post-secondary education before practising. Though not mandatory, many dentists choose to complete an internship or residency focusing on specific aspects of dental care after they have received their dental degree. In a few
1439:
The
Egyptian Mummies that I have seen, have had their Mouths open, and somewhat gaping, which affordeth a good opportunity to view and observe their Teeth, wherein 'tis not easie to find any wanting or decayed: and therefore in Egypt, where one Man practised but one Operation, or the Diseases but of
1597:
Within the field of dentistry, a variety of cleaning tools are used including piezoelectric and sonic scalers, and ultrasonic scalers and cleaners. While a majority of the tools do not exceed 75 dBA, prolonged exposure over many years can lead to hearing loss or complaints of tinnitus. Few dentists
777:
and the
Metropolitan School of Dental Science, both in London, opened in 1859. The British Dentists Act of 1878 and the 1879 Dentists Register limited the title of "dentist" and "dental surgeon" to qualified and registered practitioners. However, others could legally describe themselves as "dental
1559:
Major advances in science were made in the 19th century, and dentistry evolved from a trade to a profession. The profession came under government regulation by the end of the 19th century. In the UK, the
Dentist Act was passed in 1878 and the British Dental Association formed in 1879. In the same
1523:
threads were usually employed to fasten the braces. His contributions to the world of dental science consist primarily of his 1728 publication Le chirurgien dentiste or The
Surgeon Dentist. The French text included "basic oral anatomy and function, dental construction, and various operative and
798:
awarded around the world include the Doctor of Dental
Surgery (DDS) and Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) in North America (US and Canada), and the Bachelor of Dental Surgery/Baccalaureus Dentalis Chirurgiae (BDS, BDent, BChD, BDSc) in the UK and current and former British Commonwealth countries.
1652:
Dentistry is unique in that it requires dental students to have competence-based clinical skills that can only be acquired through supervised specialized laboratory training and direct patient care. This necessitates the need for a scientific and professional basis of care with a foundation of
1556:. Hunter conducted a series of pioneering operations, in which he attempted a tooth transplant. Although the donated teeth never properly bonded with the recipients' gums, one of Hunter's patients stated that he had three which lasted for six years, a remarkable achievement for the period.
811:" (DMD). Specialization in dentistry is available in the fields of Anesthesiology, Dental Public Health, Endodontics, Oral Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, Orofacial Pain, Pathology, Orthodontics, Pediatric Dentistry (Pedodontics), Periodontics, and Prosthodontics.
1636:, especially since a major part of dentistry involves dealing with oral and systemic diseases. Other issues relevant to the dental field in terms of evidence-based research and evidence-based practice include population oral health, dental clinical practice, tooth morphology etc.
1551:
from one person to another. He realised that the chances of a successful tooth transplant (initially, at least) would be improved if the donor tooth was as fresh as possible and was matched for size with the recipient. These principles are still used in the transplantation of
902:– The delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal aging and age-related diseases as part of an interdisciplinary team with other health care professionals.
758:
Studies show that dentists that graduated from different countries, or even from different dental schools in one country, may make different clinical decisions for the same clinical condition. For example, dentists that graduated from
4980:
1774:
Whether
Dentists are referred to as "Doctor" is subject to geographic variation. For example, they are called "Doctor" in the US. In the UK, dentists have traditionally been referred to as "Mister" as they identified themselves with
668:
and regular, twice or more yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and evaluation. Oral infections and inflammations may affect overall health and conditions in the oral cavity may be indicative of systemic diseases, such as
1331:, Avicenna said that jaw fracture should be reduced according to the occlusal guidance of the teeth; this principle is still valid in modern times. Al-Zahrawi invented over 200 surgical tools that resemble the modern kind.
1023:). Today, most maxillofacial prosthodontists return function and esthetics to patients with acquired defects secondary to surgical removal of head and neck tumors, or secondary to trauma from war or motor vehicle accidents.
1586:. Noise exposure can cause excessive stimulation of the hearing mechanism, which damages the delicate structures of the inner ear. NIHL can occur when an individual is exposed to sound levels above 90 dBA according to the
480:
calls for the use of high-quality scientific research and evidence to guide decision-making such as in manual tooth conservation, use of fluoride water treatment and fluoride toothpaste, dealing with oral diseases such as
1391:
In the United
Kingdom, there was no formal qualification for the providers of dental treatment until 1859 and it was only in 1921 that the practice of dentistry was limited to those who were professionally qualified. The
5125:
1818:
715:
A sagittal cross-section of a molar tooth; 1: crown, 2: root, 3: enamel, 4: dentin and dentin tubules, 5: pulp chamber, 6: blood vessels and nerve, 7: periodontal ligament, 8: apex and periapical region, 9: alveolar
417:
The history of dentistry is almost as ancient as the history of humanity and civilization, with the earliest evidence dating from 7000 BC to 5500 BC. Dentistry is thought to have been the first specialization in
1122:(cavities). An infected tooth from Italy partially cleaned with flint tools, between 13,820 and 14,160 years old, represents the oldest known dentistry, although a 2017 study suggests that 130,000 years ago the
1796:
The scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery is variable. In some countries, both a medical and dental degree is required for training, and the scope includes head and neck oncology and craniofacial deformity.
840:
Some dentists undertake further training after their initial degree in order to specialize. Exactly which subjects are recognized by dental registration bodies varies according to location. Examples include:
802:
All dentists in the United States undergo at least three years of undergraduate studies, but nearly all complete a bachelor's degree. This schooling is followed by four years of dental school to qualify as a
4942:
778:
experts" or "dental consultants". The practice of dentistry in the United
Kingdom became fully regulated with the 1921 Dentists Act, which required the registration of anyone practising dentistry. The
4912:
5110:
1787:). However more UK dentists now refer to themselves as "Doctor", although this was considered to be potentially misleading by the British public in a single report (see Costley and Fawcett 2010).
652:
Irreversible enamel defects caused by an untreated celiac disease. They may be the only clue to its diagnosis, even in absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, but are often confused with fluorosis,
5158:
4843:
645:, and any other drugs used in patient management. Depending on their licensing boards, general dentists may be required to complete additional training to perform sedation, dental implants, etc.
3976:
Formicola, Allan J.; Bailit, Howard L.; Beazoglou, Tryfon J.; Tedesco, Lisa A. (February 2008). "The interrelationship of accreditation and dental education: history and current environment".
4848:
4853:
1388:
The first book focused solely on dentistry was the "Artzney
Buchlein" in 1530, and the first dental textbook written in English was called "Operator for the Teeth" by Charles Allen in 1685.
2707:
1440:
single Parts, it must needs be a barren
Profession to confine unto that of drawing of Teeth, and little better than to have been Tooth-drawer unto King Pyrrhus, who had but two in his Head.
633:), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and extraction of teeth, as well as performing examinations, radiographs (x-rays), and diagnosis. Dentists can also prescribe
4907:
1448:
became known as the "father of modern dentistry". Despite the limitations of the primitive surgical instruments during the late 17th and early 18th century, Fauchard was a highly skilled
1226:, written in the 17th century BC but which may reflect previous manuscripts from as early as 3000 BC, discusses the treatment of dislocated or fractured jaws. In the 18th century BC, the
1042:
dealing with prevention and treatment of dental injuries and oral diseases associated with sports and exercise. The sports dentist works as an individual consultant or as a member of the
3012:
5095:
4892:
3544:
5236:
4952:
584:, oral diseases are major public health problems due to their high incidence and prevalence across the globe, with the disadvantaged affected more than other socio-economic groups.
5163:
4917:
2421:
Zadik Yehuda; Levin Liran (April 2007). "Decision making of Israeli, East European, and South American dental school graduates in third molar surgery: is there a difference?".
2141:
2394:
Zadik Yehuda; Levin Liran (April 2006). "Decision making of Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University Dental Schools graduates in every day dentistry—is there a difference?".
5100:
5026:
4927:
4773:
4738:
1829:
4922:
4753:
4600:
2838:
4590:
2737:
1150:
operated, perhaps, by skilled bead-crafters. The reconstruction of this ancient form of dentistry showed that the methods used were reliable and effective. The earliest
1564:
was the first ever dentist to be elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh), raising dentistry onto a par with clinical surgery for the first time.
4881:
4728:
2119:
430:(the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions. However, some specialties such as
5183:
5130:
5079:
4877:
4748:
1653:
extensive research-based education. According to some experts, the accreditation of dental schools can enhance the quality and professionalism of dental education.
1393:
4808:
4733:
4424:
1071:
634:
434:(facial reconstruction) may require both medical and dental degrees to accomplish. In European history, dentistry is considered to have stemmed from the trade of
1954:
1587:
1515:, although they were initially made of gold, he discovered that the teeth position could be corrected as the teeth would follow the pattern of the wires. Waxed
1590:(OSHA). Regulations state that the permissible noise exposure levels for individuals is 90 dBA. For the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (
3603:
Pierre Fauchard, Surgeon-dentist: A Brief Account of the Beginning of Modern Dentistry, the First Dental Textbook, and Professional Life Two Hundred Years Ago
5150:
5016:
5006:
4986:
4967:
2812:
5188:
5178:
5115:
4902:
4838:
4823:
4788:
4694:
4681:
422:
which has gone on to develop its own accredited degree with its own specializations. Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct
5639:
5221:
5135:
4996:
4897:
4828:
4818:
4758:
4704:
4575:
5140:
3491:
5980:
5105:
5044:
4863:
4798:
4793:
621:
By nature of their general training, dentists, without specialization can carry out the majority of dental treatments such as restorative (fillings,
5256:
4947:
4868:
4813:
4743:
4664:
4550:
4344:
3933:
Slavkin, Harold C. (January 2012). "Evolution of the scientific basis for dentistry and its impact on dental education: past, present, and future".
3518:
3464:
5294:
3814:
848:– The specialty of dentistry that deals with the advanced use of general anesthesia, sedation and pain management to facilitate dental procedures.
5579:
4991:
4962:
4783:
2715:
5266:
5120:
5074:
4932:
4778:
4768:
1547:. In 1763, he entered into a period of collaboration with the London-based dentist James Spence. He began to theorise about the possibility of
748:
3026:
5059:
5054:
5011:
4272:
4252:
3907:
3631:
3554:
3422:
3325:
3002:
2310:
307:
303:
2559:
1338:
and throughout the 19th century, dentistry was not a profession in itself, and often dental procedures were performed by barbers or general
5879:
4349:
3290:
1396:
in 1979 reported that there were then more than twice as many registered dentists per 10,000 population in the UK than there were in 1921.
3655:
2868:
2646:
2359:
Zadik Yehuda; Levin Liran (January 2008). "Clinical decision making in restorative dentistry, endodontics, and antibiotic prescription".
5203:
4068:
3701:
892:
with experience or training in this field. The function of the forensic dentist is primarily documentation and verification of identity.
786:
as president, played a major role in prosecuting dentists practising illegally. Dentists in the United Kingdom are now regulated by the
740:
3172:
68:
6015:
5357:
5168:
4417:
2059:
1819:
General Dental Council Patient and Public Attitudes to Standards for Dental Professionals, Ethical Guidance and Use of the Term Doctor
3203:
2155:
4937:
4763:
3260:
1573:
77:
6133:
3092:
1015:, which is the discipline originally concerned with the rehabilitation of patients with congenital facial and oral defects such as
656:
discoloration, acid reflux or other causes. The National Institutes of Health include a dental exam in the diagnostic protocol of
4957:
4585:
4277:
4262:
4103:
4098:
911:
905:
5251:
5173:
4615:
4610:
4323:
2846:
1717:
774:
3872:
Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (1992). "Evidence-based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine".
2741:
1256:
wrote about dentistry, including the eruption pattern of teeth, treating decayed teeth and gum disease, extracting teeth with
340:
6005:
5439:
5064:
5039:
4858:
4723:
4472:
4328:
4108:
3447:
1722:
917:
744:
706:
431:
4532:
3341:
1612:
There is a movement in modern dentistry to place a greater emphasis on high-quality scientific evidence in decision-making.
5304:
4887:
4410:
2179:
Pastore L, Carroccio A, Compilato D, Panzarella V, Serpico R, Lo Muzio L (2008). "Oral manifestations of celiac disease".
1854:
1491:
732:
555:
3753:
Wilson, J.D. (2002). "Effects of occupational ultrasonic noise exposure on hearing of dental hygienists: A pilot study".
5985:
5193:
4976:
4873:
4657:
4625:
4560:
4369:
4313:
1739:
1707:
1503:, and he invented many methods to replace lost teeth. He suggested that substitutes could be made from carved blocks of
1066:
5629:
5279:
5274:
4267:
1858:
1280:
is the first named "dentist" (greatest of the teeth). The Egyptians bound replacement teeth together with gold wire.
1598:
have reported using personal hearing protective devices, which could offset any potential hearing loss or tinnitus.
5609:
4972:
4433:
4257:
1579:
1276:
during the 6th–4th century BC, fashioning them from gold wire and incorporating two ivory teeth. In ancient Egypt,
779:
2816:
2232:
Estrella MR, Boynton JR (2010). "General dentistry's role in the care for children with special needs: a review".
541:, which comes from the French and Latin words for tooth. The term for the associated scientific study of teeth is
6038:
5314:
5309:
4374:
4287:
2063:
1697:
1012:
808:
581:
720:
697:. The concept that oral health can affect systemic health and disease is referred to as "oral-systemic health".
5830:
5752:
5747:
5667:
5427:
5246:
5226:
4803:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4206:
1633:
1613:
1607:
1231:
804:
770:(wisdom teeth) more often than dentists that graduated from Latin American or Eastern European dental schools.
608:
510:
477:
314:
1980:
1260:, and using wires to stabilize loose teeth and fractured jaws. Some say the first use of dental appliances or
794:
countries, to become a qualified dentist one must usually complete at least four years of postgraduate study;
5810:
5784:
5216:
5069:
5001:
4689:
4650:
4447:
4292:
4061:
3495:
1629:
1076:
A wealthy patient falling over because of having a tooth extracted with such vigour by a fashionable dentist
1028:
966:
and dentofacial orthopedics – The straightening of teeth and modification of midface and mandibular growth.
407:
2590:
5402:
5350:
4630:
4565:
4482:
4381:
4282:
1825:
1729:
787:
735:, and helped to establish dentistry as a health profession. It opened on 21 February 1828, and today is a
546:
3522:
3468:
525:(due to various severe complications arising from dental surgery with patients with heart disease), etc.
6053:
5939:
5912:
5885:
5837:
5791:
5486:
4833:
4555:
4153:
4085:
3781:
1749:
1578:
Long term occupational noise exposure can contribute to permanent hearing loss, which is referred to as
1561:
1544:
1404:
1312:
845:
825:
820:
284:
97:
6073:
6033:
5900:
5714:
5709:
5689:
5624:
5476:
5299:
5211:
5049:
4133:
2956:
1754:
1689:
1424:
1049:
1016:
857:
736:
60:
6153:
6095:
6078:
5737:
5454:
5319:
5241:
5231:
4522:
4497:
4487:
4318:
4308:
4231:
4148:
4118:
3034:
2785:
1744:
1734:
1712:
1702:
1621:
1418:
It was between 1650 and 1800 that the science of modern dentistry developed. The English physician
1297:
1230:
referenced dental extraction twice as it related to punishment. Examination of the remains of some
1223:
1053:
969:
925:
895:
885:
596:
567:
486:
6139:
3989:
3719:
Stevens, M (1999). "Is someone listening to the din of occupational noise exposure in dentistry".
711:
6174:
6043:
6000:
5990:
5779:
5732:
5699:
5694:
5444:
5422:
5289:
4699:
4359:
4196:
4168:
4158:
4138:
4054:
4021:"The first 25 year [Internet] Ireland: ADEE (Association for Dental Education in Europe)"
3073:
2618:
2595:
2567:
2214:
1524:
restorative techniques, and effectively separated dentistry from the wider category of surgery".
1378:
1308:
1261:
1151:
1005:
875:
851:
626:
616:
612:
600:
3394:
Czarnetzki, A.; Ehrhardt S. (1990). "Re-dating the Chinese amalgam-filling of teeth in Europe".
3294:
3666:
2657:
2509:
1304:
medical text written by the Chinese physician Su Kung in 659, and appeared in Germany in 1528.
908:– The study, diagnosis, and sometimes the treatment of oral and maxillofacial related diseases.
6113:
5995:
5965:
5944:
5907:
5890:
5805:
5769:
5759:
5654:
5574:
5518:
5481:
5466:
5407:
5374:
5343:
5324:
5284:
4186:
4001:
3993:
3958:
3950:
3889:
3854:
3806:
3762:
3683:
3627:
3550:
3443:
3418:
3376:
3321:
3154:
3115:
3065:
2984:
2907:
2842:
2537:
2529:
2487:
2438:
2403:
2376:
2316:
2306:
2268:
2241:
2206:
2135:
2041:
1936:
1684:
1363:
1227:
1174:
948:
938:
752:
622:
604:
458:
423:
298:
273:
1202:
Recipes for the treatment of toothache, infections and loose teeth are spread throughout the
5815:
5800:
5677:
5552:
5508:
5034:
4386:
4201:
3985:
3946:
3942:
3881:
3844:
3796:
3180:
3107:
2974:
2964:
2899:
2521:
2477:
2469:
2430:
2372:
2368:
2196:
2188:
2067:
2031:
2021:
1926:
1548:
1354:. Instruments used for dental extractions date back several centuries. In the 14th century,
1334:
Historically, dental extractions have been used to treat a variety of illnesses. During the
1288:
wrote extensively of oral diseases as well as dental treatments such as narcotic-containing
1285:
1111:
572:'tooth') – the study of the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth.
462:
454:
450:
446:
349:
278:
268:
3415:
Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia (Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages)
2259:
da Fonseca MA (2010). "Dental and oral care for chronically ill children and adolescents".
1242:. However, it is possible the prosthetics were prepared after death for aesthetic reasons.
6143:
6088:
5949:
5934:
5917:
5857:
5852:
5796:
5774:
5471:
5417:
5397:
4605:
4507:
4364:
4226:
4221:
3702:"Occupational Safety and Health Standards | Occupational Safety and Health Administration"
3210:
2162:
1670:
1625:
1469:
1445:
1355:
1211:
1196:
1135:
1043:
1039:
764:
725:
587:
The majority of dental treatments are carried out to prevent or treat the two most common
3268:
2510:"125 years of developments in dentistry, 1880–2005 Part 2: Law and the dental profession"
3123:
2960:
5975:
5929:
5742:
5672:
5491:
4236:
4216:
4211:
4178:
4143:
4128:
3849:
3832:
3007:
2979:
2944:
2482:
2457:
2036:
2009:
1776:
1679:
1553:
1500:
1465:
1382:
1245:
1215:
1167:
993:
979:
958:
929:
678:
657:
588:
498:
470:
435:
1373:
6168:
6058:
5847:
5842:
5704:
5644:
5547:
4673:
4191:
4163:
3885:
2682:
2218:
1617:
1512:
1477:
1419:
1219:
1203:
1191:
1182:
1146:) indicates that this form of dentistry involved curing tooth related disorders with
1130:
has yielded evidence of dentistry being practised as far back as 7000 BC, during the
944:
795:
743:, opened in Baltimore, Maryland, US in 1840. The second in the United States was the
694:
690:
592:
580:
Dentistry usually encompasses practices related to the oral cavity. According to the
222:
1452:
who made remarkable improvisations of dental instruments, often adapting tools from
6123:
6063:
6048:
5874:
5599:
5449:
5434:
5380:
4477:
4391:
4123:
4113:
2303:
Teeth: the story of beauty, inequality, and the struggle for oral health in America
1862:
1301:
1281:
1207:
1127:
1123:
990:(non-surgical and surgical) as well as placement and maintenance of dental implants
987:
963:
861:
830:
670:
653:
490:
466:
403:
353:
345:
172:
64:
3908:"Union workers build high-tech dental simulation laboratory for SIU dental school"
1887:
1639:
3621:
3601:
3581:
3345:
3111:
2969:
2192:
1931:
1914:
320:
5922:
5867:
5764:
5619:
5594:
5412:
4620:
4527:
4354:
4093:
3656:"A pioneering history: dentistry and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh"
3617:
2869:"Analysis of Neanderthal teeth marks uncovers evidence of prehistoric dentistry"
1335:
1328:
1293:
1249:
1235:
1143:
1119:
1115:
1097:
955:
952:
888:– The gathering and use of dental evidence in law. This may be performed by any
879:
867:
767:
686:
482:
427:
399:
383:
375:
152:
6010:
3235:
2434:
2334:
2122:. National Institute of Health (NIH). Archived from the original on 15 May 2017
1089:
1052:– The field of dentistry applied to the care of animals. It is a specialty of
5895:
5862:
5634:
5584:
5569:
5564:
5557:
5542:
5532:
4595:
4517:
4512:
4492:
3583:
Pierre Fauchard (1678–1761): The First Dental Surgeon, His Work, His Actuality
2473:
1660:
1535:
After Fauchard, the study of dentistry rapidly expanded. Two important books,
1453:
1367:
1320:
1289:
1239:
1178:
783:
638:
522:
518:
441:
Dental treatments are carried out by a dental team, which often consists of a
160:
140:
4402:
3997:
3954:
3801:
3069:
2911:
2533:
2320:
2026:
914:– The study and radiologic interpretation of oral and maxillofacial diseases.
17:
6083:
5825:
5820:
5684:
5662:
5537:
5501:
4542:
4502:
4462:
4452:
3734:
Merrel, HB (1992). "Noise pollution and hearing loss in the dental office".
1780:
1351:
1339:
1269:
1265:
1253:
1147:
1131:
514:
395:
387:
263:
164:
4005:
3962:
3858:
3810:
3766:
3158:
2988:
2541:
2525:
2491:
2442:
2407:
2380:
2272:
2245:
2210:
2045:
1527:
648:
3893:
3380:
3119:
2925:
1940:
5589:
5366:
4467:
2890:
Coppa, A.; et al. (2006). "Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry".
1583:
1316:
1273:
1159:
1139:
1020:
674:
642:
630:
506:
494:
419:
391:
371:
245:
168:
3077:
1435:
pub. 1690) made an early dental observation with characteristic humour:
941:– The art and science of replacing extracted teeth with dental implants.
521:(study of blood) to avoid bleeding complications during dental surgery,
6068:
5528:
5496:
5389:
1784:
1485:
1457:
1449:
1359:
1324:
1277:
1257:
1155:
1001:
889:
834:
665:
664:
Dentists also encourage the prevention of oral diseases through proper
442:
411:
176:
156:
2201:
1162:
and dates from 6500 years ago. Dentistry was practised in prehistoric
1481:
1461:
1343:
1035:) – Dentistry for those with developmental and acquired disabilities.
760:
682:
509:
which could also affect the oral cavity. Other practices relevant to
502:
3367:
Bjørklund G (1989). "The history of dental amalgam (in Norwegian)".
2903:
1370:
which, in turn, was replaced by modern forceps in the 19th century.
1346:
usually limited their practice to extracting teeth which alleviated
1311:
Dentistry was discussed in several famous books of medicine such as
854:– Focuses on improving the appearance of the mouth, teeth and smile.
330:
394:, disorders, and conditions of the mouth, most commonly focused on
1638:
1591:
1526:
1516:
1504:
1490:
1484:, and also suggested that tumors surrounding the teeth and in the
1473:
1403:
1372:
1186:
1163:
1088:
1070:
824:
719:
710:
647:
339:
4642:
3833:"Occupational hygiene practices of dentists in southern Thailand"
1643:
A dental chair at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry
1520:
1508:
1366:
up until the late 18th century. The pelican was replaced by the
1347:
1189:, Japan, and China. The legend of the worm is also found in the
1185:. Evidence of this belief has also been found in ancient India,
379:
5339:
4646:
4406:
4050:
1170:
lanced from the root of a tooth dating back to around 2500 BC.
102:
A dentist treats a patient with the help of a dental assistant.
2290:. Vol. 2. St. Clair Shores: Somerset. pp. 1217–1218.
1118:
society about 10,000 years ago correlated with an increase in
31:
4046:
3782:"Occupational Health Problems in Modern Dentistry: A Review"
2161:(Report). National Institute of Health (NIH). Archived from
2090:"American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry | Dental CE Courses"
1464:, that he thought could be used in dentistry. He introduced
52:
5335:
1495:
Panoramic radiograph of historic dental implants, made 1978
560:
2898:(7085). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 755–756.
2546:
The 1879 register is referred to as the "Dental Register".
935:
Oral biology – Research in dental and craniofacial biology
731:
John M. Harris started the world's first dental school in
517:
of the mouth to inspect teeth deformity or oral malaises,
398:(the development and arrangement of teeth) as well as the
197:
Knowledge of human health, disease, pathology, and anatomy
3145:
Blomstedt, P. (2013). "Dental surgery in ancient Egypt".
763:
dental schools may recommend the removal of asymptomatic
599:(gum disease or pyorrhea). Common treatments involve the
4020:
2789:
1381:
designed by Fauchard in the late 17th century to use in
1358:
most probably invented the dental pelican (resembling a
1199:
still promoted the belief that worms cause tooth decay.
3255:
3253:
2763:
1628:
in the 1990s. It is part of the larger movement toward
56:
3056:
TOWNEND, B. R. (1944). "The Story of the Tooth-Worm".
2945:"Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth"
1955:"When barbers were surgeons and surgeons were barbers"
1855:"Glossary of Dental Clinical and Administrative Terms"
5164:
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
773:
In the United Kingdom, the first dental schools, the
2089:
473:) institutions (prisons, armed forces bases, etc.).
402:. Dentistry may also encompass other aspects of the
6026:
5964:
5725:
5653:
5608:
5517:
5388:
5373:
5265:
5202:
5149:
5088:
5025:
4680:
4574:
4541:
4440:
4337:
4301:
4245:
4177:
4084:
3093:"Historical Perspectives of Oral Biology: A Series"
2010:"Primary care in dentistry – an untapped potential"
1915:"Historical perspectives of oral biology: a series"
864:
and social health policies relevant to oral health.
465:). Most dentists either work in private practices (
313:
297:
254:
228:
216:
187:
182:
146:
134:
112:
107:
4601:North Thames Regional Cleft Lip and Palate Service
3320:(6th ed.). Thames & Hudson. p. 449.
689:is associated with an increased risk of diabetes,
4591:Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2839:"Oldest Dentistry Found in 14,000-Year-Old Tooth"
2708:"Anesthesiology recognized as a dental specialty"
2560:"The story of dentistry: Dental History Timeline"
2114:
2112:
2110:
1620:and the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group at
1488:could appear in the later stages of tooth decay.
1195:, and as late as the 14th century AD the surgeon
47:contains too many pictures for its overall length
3291:"History of Dentistry Research Page, Newsletter"
2140:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
747:, established in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1845. The
2591:"Banning Clerks, Colliers and other Charlatans"
1541:Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Teeth
1437:
1394:Royal Commission on the National Health Service
986:) – The study and treatment of diseases of the
3580:André Besombes; Phillipe de Gaillande (1993).
2554:
2552:
1408:A microscopic device used in dental analysis,
1126:already used rudimentary dentistry tools. The
5351:
4658:
4418:
4062:
3990:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.2_suppl.tb04480.x
3595:
3593:
3100:Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine
3091:Suddick Richard P., Harris Norman O. (1990).
2740:. FDI World Dental Federation. Archived from
2003:
2001:
1919:Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine
1588:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1142:(now in Pakistan's south western province of
1019:or patients born with an underdeveloped ear (
724:Early dental chair in Pioneer West Museum in
8:
3318:Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice
3140:
3138:
3136:
90:
5189:Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry
3874:Journal of the American Medical Association
3575:
3573:
3442:. Jefferson, N.C.: Mcfarland. p. 152.
2503:
2501:
2014:Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
390:, prevention, management, and treatment of
5640:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
5385:
5358:
5344:
5336:
4665:
4651:
4643:
4425:
4411:
4403:
4069:
4055:
4047:
4025:Association for Dental Education in Europe
2943:Bernardini, Federico; et al. (2012).
1817:Neil Costley; Jo Fawcett (November 2010).
1543:(1778), were published by British surgeon
932:, and surgery of the jaws, mouth and face.
755:accepted a bid to incorporate the school.
5981:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
5204:Australian and New Zealand dental schools
3848:
3800:
2978:
2968:
2926:"Dig uncovers ancient roots of dentistry"
2481:
2200:
2035:
2025:
1930:
1011:Some prosthodontists super-specialize in
489:, as well as systematic diseases such as
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
4551:Hearing loss with craniofacial syndromes
4345:Index of oral health and dental articles
4114:Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics
3344:. Dentaltreatment.org.uk. Archived from
2871:. The University of Kansas. 28 June 2017
2813:"How our ancestors drilled rotten teeth"
2619:"History of Dental Surgery in Edinburgh"
2458:"Dentistry and the University of London"
2156:Dental Enamel Defects and Celiac Disease
51:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3947:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.1.tb05231.x
3342:"Dental Treatment in the Ancient Times"
3027:"History of Dentistry: Ancient Origins"
2373:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.1.tb04456.x
2305:. New York: The New Press. p. 70.
1828:/George Street Research. Archived from
1809:
1767:
2626:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
2589:J Menzies Campbell (8 February 1955).
2339:Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine
2133:
1166:, as evidenced by a skull which had a
749:Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery
294:
89:
4273:Canadian Association of Orthodontists
4253:American Association of Orthodontists
3546:Royal Commission on the NHS Chapter 9
3396:International Journal of Anthropology
2060:"What is the burden of oral disease?"
1882:
1880:
7:
6119:
5880:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
4350:Outline of dentistry and oral health
3003:"700 years added to Malta's history"
685:. Many studies have also shown that
61:indiscriminate collections of images
6129:
3820:from the original on 27 April 2019.
3316:Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul (2012).
3147:Journal of the History of Dentistry
3058:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
3015:from the original on 16 March 2018.
2456:Gelbier, Stanley (1 October 2005).
1362:'s beak) which was used to perform
741:Baltimore College of Dental Surgery
326:
6016:Medical Scientist Training Program
3850:10.1002/j.1875-595x.2001.tb00811.x
2811:Barras, Colin (29 February 2016).
2288:Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places
1888:"Stone age man used dentist drill"
200:Communication/Interpersonal Skills
25:
3600:Bernhard Wolf Weinberger (1941).
1574:Occupational hazards in dentistry
1238:reveals early attempts at dental
1038:Sports dentistry – the branch of
1008:and the restoration of implants.
194:Sub-Millimeter Surgical Dexterity
6148:
6138:
6128:
6118:
6109:
6108:
4586:Cleft Lip and Palate Association
4278:Dental Technologists Association
4263:British Dental Health Foundation
4104:Oral and maxillofacial radiology
4099:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
3886:10.1001/jama.1992.03490170092032
1913:Suddick, RP; Harris, NO (1990).
1663:
912:Oral and maxillofacial radiology
906:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
96:
69:Manual of Style on use of images
36:
6149:
5174:Guy's, King's & St Thomas's
5027:Defunct American dental schools
4616:Shriners Hospitals for Children
4611:Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal
3663:History of Dentistry Newsletter
3626:. Transworld. pp. 223–24.
1783:(as do surgeons in the UK, see
1718:Dentistry in the United Kingdom
1323:who is considered the greatest
775:London School of Dental Surgery
410:. The practitioner is called a
6006:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
5440:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
4953:Southern Illinois–Edwardsville
4473:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
4109:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
3654:Dingwall, Helen (April 2004).
2845:. 16 July 2015. Archived from
2647:"Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.)"
1723:Dentistry in the United States
1648:Ethical and medicolegal issues
1537:Natural History of Human Teeth
1272:crafted the oldest documented
947:– The clinical evaluation and
918:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
745:Ohio College of Dental Surgery
707:Dentistry throughout the world
607:or surgical removal of teeth,
533:The term dentistry comes from
432:oral and maxillofacial surgery
1:
3665:. No. 14. Archived from
3293:. Rcpsg.ac.uk. Archived from
3236:"Medicine in Ancient Egypt 3"
2683:"Canadian Dental Association"
2286:Owen, Lorrie K., ed. (1999).
2120:"Diagnosis of Celiac Disease"
1429:
1409:
1350:and associated chronic tooth
1268:from as early as 700 BC. The
1114:societies, but the advent of
1101:
1079:
878:and study of diseases of the
635:medications used in the field
63:or adjusting images that are
5986:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
5753:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
5194:UCL Eastman Dental Institute
4948:Southern California (Ostrow)
4626:Transforming Faces Worldwide
4561:Popliteal pterygium syndrome
4370:History of dental treatments
3837:International Dental Journal
3684:"Noise-Induced Hearing Loss"
3440:A history of the Middle East
3173:"Ancient Egyptian Dentistry"
3112:10.1177/10454411900010020301
2970:10.1371/journal.pone.0044904
2766:. Avdc.org. 29 November 2009
2193:10.1097/MCG.0b013e318074dd98
1932:10.1177/10454411900010020301
1740:List of dental organizations
1708:Dentistry in the Philippines
1499:Fauchard was the pioneer of
1067:History of dental treatments
739:. The first dental college,
561:
386:. It consists of the study,
5267:South Korean dental schools
4576:National and international
4533:Speech and language therapy
4268:British Orthodontic Society
3978:Journal of Dental Education
3935:Journal of Dental Education
3204:"History of Dentistry 2001"
3031:American Dental Association
2788:. Evdc.info. Archived from
1859:American Dental Association
1568:Hazards in modern dentistry
1300:were first documented in a
751:followed in 1852. In 1907,
6191:
4434:Cleft lip and cleft palate
4258:British Dental Association
3606:. Pierre Fauchard Academy.
3586:. Pierre Fauchard Academy.
3438:Friedman, Saul S. (2006).
2564:British Dental Association
2435:10.1016/j.joms.2006.09.002
2267:(3): 204–09, quiz 210–11.
1605:
1580:noise-induced hearing loss
1571:
1064:
976:) – Dentistry for children
829:A modern dental clinic in
818:
782:, formed in 1880 with Sir
780:British Dental Association
704:
550:
537:, which comes from French
6104:
4992:Texas Tech–El Paso (Hunt)
4288:Indian Dental Association
3755:Journal of Dental Hygiene
2474:10.1017/s0025727300009157
1698:Dentistry in ancient Rome
1013:maxillofacial prosthetics
809:Doctor of Dental Medicine
582:World Health Organization
469:), dental hospitals, or (
327:
95:
5940:Transplantation medicine
5831:Clinical neurophysiology
5748:Obstetric anesthesiology
5668:Interventional radiology
5428:Digestive system surgery
5227:Charles Sturt University
4448:Advance practice nursing
4207:Scaling and root planing
3802:10.2486/indhealth.45.611
3736:Dental Assisting Journal
2027:10.4103/2249-4863.152239
1634:evidence-based practices
1614:Evidence-based dentistry
1608:Evidence-based dentistry
1602:Evidence-based dentistry
1531:A modern dentist's chair
805:Doctor of Dental Surgery
609:scaling and root planing
511:evidence-based dentistry
478:evidence-based dentistry
5811:Intensive care medicine
5785:Mass gathering medicine
5630:Maternal–fetal medicine
5089:Canadian dental schools
4854:Nebraska–Medical Center
4682:American dental schools
4293:National Health Service
1630:evidence-based medicine
1110:Tooth decay was low in
1085:. History of Dentistry.
1029:Special needs dentistry
882:and periapical tissues.
701:Education and licensing
476:The modern movement of
408:temporomandibular joint
209:Empathy/Professionalism
67:in accordance with the
5403:Cardiothoracic surgery
5151:British dental schools
4809:LSU Health–New Orleans
4631:Smile Angel Foundation
4566:Van der Woude syndrome
4483:Orthodontic technology
4382:Infant oral mutilation
4283:General Dental Council
4019:Carrrassi, A. (2019).
3369:Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen
3261:"History Of Dentistry"
3177:University of Oklahoma
2526:10.1038/sj.bdj.4812875
2514:British Dental Journal
2423:J Oral Maxillofac Surg
1826:General Dental Council
1730:Eco-friendly dentistry
1644:
1532:
1496:
1442:
1415:
1385:
1107:
1086:
1033:special care dentistry
837:
788:General Dental Council
728:
717:
661:
406:complex including the
356:
6054:Personalized medicine
5913:Reproductive medicine
5838:Occupational medicine
5792:Evolutionary medicine
4981:UT Health–San Antonio
4556:Pierre Robin syndrome
4154:Restorative dentistry
3831:Leggat, P.A. (2001).
3780:Leggat, P.A. (2007).
3620:(30 September 2010).
3265:Complete Dental Guide
2815:. BBC. Archived from
1750:Sustainable dentistry
1694:Domestic healthcare:
1642:
1562:Francis Brodie Imlach
1530:
1511:. He also introduced
1494:
1480:were responsible for
1407:
1376:
1313:The Canon in medicine
1094:Farmer at the dentist
1092:
1074:
828:
821:Specialty (dentistry)
723:
714:
651:
343:
6074:Traditional medicine
6034:Alternative medicine
5901:Addiction psychiatry
5715:Transfusion medicine
5710:Medical microbiology
5625:Gynecologic oncology
5477:Reproductive surgery
5075:Pennsylvania College
4849:Missouri–Kansas City
4724:Case Western Reserve
4441:Related specialities
4134:Dental public health
3417:. Psychology Press.
3413:Meri, Josef (2005).
3238:. Arabworldbooks.com
3129:on 18 December 2007.
2718:on 21 September 2019
2508:Gelbier, S. (2005).
2181:J Clin Gastroenterol
1755:Veterinary dentistry
1690:Dental public health
1476:-derived acids like
1425:A Letter to a Friend
1158:, was discovered in
1050:Veterinary dentistry
1017:cleft lip and palate
998:prosthetic dentistry
858:Dental public health
601:restoration of teeth
242:Primary care clinics
57:improve this article
6096:History of medicine
6079:Veterinary medicine
5886:Preventive medicine
5738:Adolescent medicine
5580:Infectious diseases
5257:University of Otago
5232:Griffith University
5040:Fairleigh Dickinson
4523:Respiratory therapy
4498:Pediatric dentistry
4232:Socket preservation
4164:Dental traumatology
4159:Forensic odontology
4149:Geriatric dentistry
4144:Dental implantology
4119:Pediatric dentistry
3672:on 1 February 2013.
3549:. HMSO. July 1979.
3202:Wilwerding, Terry.
3183:on 26 December 2007
2961:2012PLoSO...744904B
2792:on 5 September 2018
2301:Mary, Otto (2017).
2008:Gambhir RS (2015).
1745:Pediatric dentistry
1735:Geriatric dentistry
1713:Dentistry in Israel
1703:Dentistry in Canada
1622:McMaster University
1472:. He asserted that
1444:The French surgeon
1224:Edwin Smith Papyrus
1054:veterinary medicine
970:Pediatric dentistry
896:Geriatric dentistry
886:Forensic odontology
597:periodontal disease
370:, is the branch of
92:
6044:Molecular oncology
6001:Doctor of Medicine
5991:Master of Medicine
5908:Radiation oncology
5780:Emergency medicine
5733:Addiction medicine
5700:Clinical chemistry
5695:Clinical pathology
5487:Transplant surgery
5445:Orthopedic surgery
5423:Colorectal surgery
4819:Maryland–Baltimore
4705:Boston U (Goldman)
4360:Dental instruments
4197:Root canal therapy
4169:Holistic dentistry
4139:Cosmetic dentistry
3984:(2 Suppl): 53–60.
3517:Gregory Ribitzky.
3490:Gregory Ribitzky.
3471:on 25 January 2020
3463:Gregory Ribitzky.
3375:(34–36): 3582–85.
3348:on 1 December 2009
3216:on 3 November 2014
2744:on 23 October 2020
2738:"Sports dentistry"
2596:The Glasgow Herald
1645:
1533:
1497:
1416:
1386:
1379:needle-nose pliers
1364:dental extractions
1319:and Al-Tasreef by
1309:Islamic Golden Age
1181:" as the cause of
1177:text describes a "
1108:
1087:
876:Root canal therapy
852:Cosmetic dentistry
838:
729:
718:
662:
617:cosmetic dentistry
595:(tooth decay) and
459:dental technicians
447:dental auxiliaries
357:
285:dental specialists
218:Education required
27:Branch of medicine
6162:
6161:
5996:Master of Surgery
5960:
5959:
5945:Tropical medicine
5891:Prison healthcare
5806:Hospital medicine
5770:Disaster medicine
5760:Aviation medicine
5575:Hospital medicine
5482:Surgical oncology
5467:Pediatric surgery
5461:
5408:Endocrine surgery
5333:
5332:
5252:Western Australia
4977:UT Health–Houston
4963:Temple (Kornberg)
4640:
4639:
4543:Related syndromes
4400:
4399:
4187:Dental extraction
3912:The Labor Tribune
3880:(17): 2420–2425.
3789:Industrial Health
3690:. 18 August 2015.
3633:978-1-4090-4462-8
3556:978-0-10-176150-5
3424:978-0-415-96690-0
3327:978-0-500-28976-1
3011:. 16 March 2018.
2843:Discovery Channel
2663:on 9 January 2017
2312:978-1-62097-144-4
1685:Dental instrument
1549:tooth transplants
1501:dental prosthesis
1468:as treatment for
1232:ancient Egyptians
1228:Code of Hammurabi
939:Oral Implantology
753:Temple University
571:
559:
463:dental therapists
455:dental hygienists
451:dental assistants
424:medical specialty
338:
337:
293:
292:
274:dental technician
239:Private practices
206:Critical Thinking
203:Analytical Skills
88:
87:
80:
16:(Redirected from
6182:
6152:
6151:
6142:
6132:
6131:
6122:
6121:
6112:
6111:
5816:Medical genetics
5801:General practice
5678:Nuclear medicine
5553:Gastroenterology
5509:Vascular surgery
5459:
5386:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5337:
5101:British Columbia
4913:Pacific (Dugoni)
4859:Nevada–Las Vegas
4774:Illinois–Chicago
4667:
4660:
4653:
4644:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4404:
4387:Mouth assessment
4202:Root end surgery
4071:
4064:
4057:
4048:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3804:
3786:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3660:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3521:. Archived from
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3494:. Archived from
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3467:. Archived from
3460:
3454:
3453:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3297:on 28 April 2015
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3267:. Archived from
3257:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3209:. Archived from
3208:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3179:. Archived from
3169:
3163:
3162:
3142:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3122:. Archived from
3097:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3033:. Archived from
3023:
3017:
3016:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2714:. Archived from
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2656:. Archived from
2651:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2566:. Archived from
2556:
2547:
2545:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2396:J Isr Dent Assoc
2391:
2385:
2384:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2204:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2168:on 5 March 2016.
2167:
2160:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2116:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2066:. Archived from
2056:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1861:. Archived from
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1823:
1814:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1772:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1434:
1431:
1414:
1411:
1400:Modern dentistry
1286:Cornelius Celsus
1112:pre-agricultural
1106:
1103:
1084:
1081:
733:Bainbridge, Ohio
576:Dental treatment
566:
564:
554:
552:
362:, also known as
350:dental assistant
331:edit on Wikidata
323:
295:
279:dental hygienist
269:dental assistant
148:Activity sectors
100:
93:
83:
76:
72:
65:sandwiching text
40:
39:
32:
21:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6100:
6089:Chief physician
6022:
5967:
5956:
5950:Travel medicine
5935:Sports medicine
5918:Sexual medicine
5858:Palliative care
5853:Pain management
5797:Family medicine
5775:Diving medicine
5721:
5649:
5611:
5604:
5520:
5513:
5472:Plastic surgery
5418:General surgery
5398:Cardiac surgery
5379:
5377:
5369:
5364:
5334:
5329:
5295:Gangneung-Wonju
5261:
5198:
5145:
5084:
5021:
4676:
4671:
4641:
4636:
4606:Operation Smile
4577:
4570:
4537:
4508:Plastic surgery
4436:
4431:
4401:
4396:
4365:Dental material
4333:
4297:
4241:
4227:Tooth bleaching
4222:Tooth polishing
4173:
4080:
4075:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4017:
4013:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3914:. 17 March 2014
3906:
3905:
3901:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3817:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3525:on 23 June 2018
3516:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3498:on 23 June 2018
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3271:on 14 July 2016
3259:
3258:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3144:
3143:
3134:
3126:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2932:. 5 April 2006.
2924:
2923:
2919:
2904:10.1038/440755a
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2849:on 18 July 2015
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2786:"EVDC web site"
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2570:on 9 March 2012
2558:
2557:
2550:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2462:Medical History
2455:
2454:
2450:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2070:on 30 June 2004
2058:
2057:
2053:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1961:. 15 April 2015
1953:
1952:
1948:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1865:on 6 March 2016
1853:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1835:on 4 March 2016
1832:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1777:barber surgeons
1773:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1671:Medicine portal
1669:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1650:
1626:Ontario, Canada
1610:
1604:
1576:
1570:
1554:internal organs
1470:dental cavities
1466:dental fillings
1446:Pierre Fauchard
1432:
1412:
1402:
1356:Guy de Chauliac
1298:dental amalgams
1296:. The earliest
1284:medical writer
1264:comes from the
1212:Brugsch Papyrus
1197:Guy de Chauliac
1104:
1082:
1069:
1063:
1044:Sports Medicine
1040:sports medicine
860:– The study of
823:
817:
726:Shamrock, Texas
709:
703:
629:), prosthetic (
615:treatment, and
578:
531:
436:barber surgeons
374:focused on the
364:dental medicine
334:
319:
289:
257:
250:
233:
231:
219:
212:
149:
137:
136:Occupation type
130:
103:
84:
73:
50:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6188:
6186:
6178:
6177:
6167:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6146:
6136:
6126:
6116:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6027:Related topics
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5976:Medical school
5972:
5970:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5930:Sleep medicine
5927:
5926:
5925:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5794:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5743:Anesthesiology
5740:
5735:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5673:Neuroradiology
5670:
5659:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5610:Obstetrics and
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5525:
5523:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5492:Trauma surgery
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5455:Otolaryngology
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5394:
5392:
5383:
5381:subspecialties
5371:
5370:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5340:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4943:South Carolina
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4888:North Carolina
4885:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4674:Dental schools
4672:
4670:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4488:Otolaryngology
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4324:United Kingdom
4321:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4237:Dental implant
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4217:Dental bonding
4214:
4212:Teeth cleaning
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4179:Dental surgery
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4129:Prosthodontics
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4044:
4043:External links
4041:
4038:
4037:
4011:
3968:
3925:
3899:
3864:
3823:
3772:
3745:
3726:
3711:
3693:
3675:
3646:
3632:
3609:
3589:
3569:
3555:
3536:
3509:
3482:
3455:
3448:
3430:
3423:
3405:
3386:
3359:
3333:
3326:
3308:
3282:
3249:
3227:
3194:
3164:
3132:
3083:
3048:
3037:on 5 July 2007
3018:
3008:Times of Malta
2994:
2935:
2917:
2882:
2860:
2830:
2819:on 19 May 2017
2803:
2777:
2755:
2729:
2699:
2674:
2638:
2610:
2581:
2548:
2520:(7): 470–473.
2497:
2468:(4): 445–462.
2448:
2413:
2386:
2351:
2326:
2311:
2293:
2278:
2251:
2224:
2171:
2147:
2106:
2081:
2051:
1997:
1985:Etymonline.com
1972:
1959:Radio National
1946:
1905:
1894:. 6 April 2006
1876:
1846:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1785:Surgeon#Titles
1766:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Dental aerosol
1676:
1675:
1674:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1606:Main article:
1603:
1600:
1572:Main article:
1569:
1566:
1401:
1398:
1383:prosthodontics
1216:Hearst papyrus
1168:dental abscess
1152:dental filling
1105: 1616–17
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1024:
994:Prosthodontics
991:
980:Periodontology
977:
967:
961:
942:
936:
933:
915:
909:
903:
893:
883:
865:
855:
849:
846:Anesthesiology
819:Main article:
816:
813:
796:Dental degrees
705:Main article:
702:
699:
679:celiac disease
658:celiac disease
577:
574:
530:
527:
499:celiac disease
471:secondary care
336:
335:
328:
325:
324:
317:
311:
310:
301:
291:
290:
288:
287:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
258:
255:
252:
251:
249:
248:
243:
240:
236:
234:
229:
226:
225:
220:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
135:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:Dental Surgeon
120:
116:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
86:
85:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6187:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6155:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6135:
6127:
6125:
6117:
6115:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Public health
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6039:Allied health
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5963:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5848:Oral medicine
5846:
5844:
5843:Ophthalmology
5841:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:Cytopathology
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5646:
5645:Urogynecology
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:Endocrinology
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5356:
5354:
5349:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5017:West Virginia
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:Texas A&M
4985:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:East Carolina
4752:
4750:
4749:Detroit Mercy
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4700:Augusta (DCG)
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4578:organisations
4573:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4329:United States
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:Organisations
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:Tooth filling
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4067:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4042:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3795:(5): 611–21.
3794:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3761:(4): 262–69.
3760:
3756:
3749:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3647:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3623:The Knife Man
3619:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3537:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3510:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3360:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3309:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3153:(3): 129–42.
3152:
3148:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3106:(2): 135–51.
3105:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3049:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2955:(9): e44904.
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2627:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2429:(4): 658–62.
2428:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2240:(3): 222–29.
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:(3): 224–32.
2186:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1925:(2): 135–51.
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1803:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:Gordon Guyatt
1615:
1609:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:dental braces
1510:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:tartaric acid
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:Thomas Browne
1406:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:Ancient Greek
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:Ancient Egypt
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:Ebers Papyrus
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1192:Homeric Hymns
1188:
1184:
1183:dental caries
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:(also called
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:(also called
995:
992:
989:
985:
982:(also called
981:
978:
975:
972:(also called
971:
968:
965:
962:
960:
957:
954:
950:
946:
945:Oral medicine
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
923:
920:(also called
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
872:endodontology
870:(also called
869:
866:
863:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
842:
836:
832:
827:
822:
814:
812:
810:
806:
800:
797:
791:
789:
785:
781:
776:
771:
769:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:dental museum
734:
727:
722:
713:
708:
700:
698:
696:
695:preterm birth
692:
691:heart disease
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
659:
655:
650:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
618:
614:
611:, endodontic
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:dental caries
590:
589:oral diseases
585:
583:
575:
573:
569:
563:
557:
548:
547:Ancient Greek
544:
540:
536:
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:periodontitis
484:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:oral medicine
365:
361:
355:
351:
347:
342:
332:
322:
318:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
300:
296:
286:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
259:
253:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
235:
227:
224:
223:Dental Degree
221:
215:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
190:
186:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
145:
142:
139:
133:
129:
124:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
106:
99:
94:
82:
79:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
48:
45:This article
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
18:Dental clinic
6064:Rural health
6049:Nanomedicine
5600:Rheumatology
5531: /
5450:Hand surgery
5435:Neurosurgery
5131:Saskatchewan
5070:Oral Roberts
5065:Ohio College
5060:Northwestern
4478:Orthodontics
4457:
4392:Oral hygiene
4375:Ancient Rome
4124:Periodontics
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1302:Tang dynasty
1244:
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1208:Kahun Papyri
1201:
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1128:Indus valley
1124:Neanderthals
1109:
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988:periodontium
984:periodontics
983:
973:
964:Orthodontics
922:oral surgery
921:
900:geriodontics
899:
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862:epidemiology
839:
831:Lappeenranta
815:Specialties
807:" (DDS) or "
801:
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757:
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671:osteoporosis
663:
654:tetracycline
620:
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491:osteoporosis
475:
467:primary care
440:
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404:craniofacial
367:
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354:wisdom tooth
346:oral surgeon
256:Related jobs
188:Competencies
173:Pharmacology
128:
74:
59:by removing
46:
29:
6134:Wikiproject
5923:Venereology
5868:Neonatology
5765:Dermatology
5620:Gynaecology
5612:gynaecology
5595:Pulmonology
5413:Eye surgery
5375:Specialties
4928:Puerto Rico
4882:Stony Brook
4864:New England
4844:Mississippi
4739:Connecticut
4621:Smile Train
4528:Social work
4355:Dental fear
4314:Philippines
4094:Endodontics
4086:Specialties
3187:15 December
2764:"AVDC Home"
2712:www.ada.org
2631:11 December
2599:. p. 3
2361:J Dent Educ
1981:"dentistry"
1582:(NIHL) and
1545:John Hunter
1539:(1771) and
1454:watchmakers
1433: 1656
1413: 1907
1336:Middle Ages
1329:Middle Ages
1315:written by
1307:During the
1294:astringents
1270:Phoenicians
1250:Hippocrates
1240:prosthetics
1173:An ancient
1144:Balochistan
1120:tooth decay
1098:Johann Liss
1083: 1790
974:pedodontics
926:Extractions
880:dental pulp
868:Endodontics
768:third molar
687:gum disease
639:antibiotics
529:Terminology
519:haematology
483:tooth decay
428:stomatology
400:oral mucosa
352:removing a
183:Description
153:Health care
5896:Psychiatry
5882:(PM&R)
5875:Phlebology
5863:Pediatrics
5690:Anatomical
5655:Diagnostic
5635:Obstetrics
5585:Nephrology
5570:Hematology
5565:Geriatrics
5558:Hepatology
5543:Cardiology
5533:Immunology
5247:Queensland
5237:James Cook
5045:Georgetown
5007:Washington
4898:Ohio State
4834:Midwestern
4804:Louisville
4799:Loma Linda
4710:California
4596:Interplast
4518:Psychology
4513:Psychiatry
4493:Pediatrics
4302:By country
4030:21 October
3492:"Toothkey"
3449:0786451343
3220:3 November
2692:21 October
2687:cda-adc.ca
2654:Purdue.edu
2344:13 January
2263:(Review).
2236:(Review).
2202:10447/1671
2183:(Review).
2099:21 October
2016:(Review).
1869:1 February
1839:11 January
1824:(Report).
1804:References
1781:physicians
1779:more than
1632:and other
1368:dental key
1340:physicians
1321:Al-Zahrawi
1290:emollients
1179:tooth worm
1154:, made of
1148:bow drills
1065:See also:
784:John Tomes
613:root canal
605:extraction
591:which are
543:odontology
523:cardiology
232:employment
161:Physiology
141:Profession
108:Occupation
6175:Dentistry
6084:Physician
5968:education
5826:Neurology
5821:Narcology
5685:Pathology
5663:Radiology
5538:Angiology
5502:Andrology
5305:Kyungpook
5300:Kyung Hee
5217:Melbourne
5184:Newcastle
5179:Liverpool
5106:Dalhousie
4968:Tennessee
4933:Rochester
4839:Minnesota
4814:Marquette
4794:Lake Erie
4744:Creighton
4503:Physician
4463:Dietetics
4458:Dentistry
4453:Audiology
4078:Dentistry
3998:0022-0337
3955:1930-7837
3742:(3): 6–9.
3519:"Forceps"
3465:"Pelican"
3070:0007-5140
3041:9 January
2912:0028-0836
2534:1476-5373
2335:"History"
2321:958458166
2219:205776755
1460:and even
1352:infection
1266:Etruscans
1254:Aristotle
1248:scholars
1136:Neolithic
1132:Stone Age
949:diagnosis
643:sedatives
556:romanized
515:radiology
449:(such as
396:dentition
388:diagnosis
360:Dentistry
264:Physician
246:Hospitals
230:Fields of
165:Pathology
91:Dentistry
55:. Please
53:talk page
6169:Category
6114:Category
5590:Oncology
5521:medicine
5519:Internal
5367:Medicine
5320:Wonkwang
5242:La Trobe
5222:Adelaide
5159:Aberdeen
5126:Montréal
5116:Manitoba
5012:WesternU
4903:Oklahoma
4829:Michigan
4789:Kentucky
4734:Columbia
4729:Colorado
4468:Genetics
4338:See also
4006:18250379
3963:22262547
3859:11326443
3815:Archived
3811:18057804
3767:12592917
3706:Osha.gov
3352:18 April
3242:18 April
3159:24665522
3078:44442797
3013:Archived
2989:23028670
2949:PLOS ONE
2930:NBC News
2796:18 April
2770:18 April
2722:12 March
2542:16215593
2492:16562330
2443:17368360
2408:16886872
2381:18172239
2273:20478800
2261:Gen Dent
2246:20478802
2234:Gen Dent
2211:18223505
2136:cite web
2094:aacd.com
2046:25810982
1892:BBC News
1657:See also
1584:tinnitus
1458:jewelers
1317:Avicenna
1274:dentures
1175:Sumerian
1160:Slovenia
1140:Mehrgarh
1138:site of
1021:microtia
1002:Dentures
959:diseases
930:implants
765:impacted
675:diabetes
637:such as
631:dentures
539:dentiste
513:include
507:HIV/AIDS
495:diabetes
420:medicine
392:diseases
372:medicine
299:ICD-9-CM
283:various
169:Medicine
6154:Outline
6124:Commons
6069:Therapy
5966:Medical
5529:Allergy
5497:Urology
5390:Surgery
5290:Dankook
5280:Chonnam
5275:Chonbuk
5169:Glasgow
5141:Western
5136:Toronto
5096:Alberta
4938:Rutgers
4878:Buffalo
4824:Meharry
4779:Indiana
4764:Harvard
4759:Florida
4695:Arizona
4633:(China)
3894:1404801
3639:8 March
3529:23 June
3502:23 June
3475:23 June
3381:2694433
3275:29 June
3120:2129621
2980:3446997
2957:Bibcode
2853:21 July
2823:1 March
2748:13 July
2603:5 April
2574:2 March
2483:1251639
2037:4366984
1941:2129621
1462:barbers
1450:surgeon
1422:in his
1377:Dental
1360:pelican
1344:Barbers
1327:of the
1325:surgeon
1278:Hesy-Ra
1262:bridges
1258:forceps
1156:beeswax
1116:farming
1061:History
1006:bridges
956:mucosal
890:dentist
835:Finland
761:Israeli
666:hygiene
627:bridges
570:
558::
535:dentist
443:dentist
412:dentist
321:D003813
177:Surgery
157:Anatomy
119:Dentist
6144:Portal
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5325:Yonsei
5285:Chosun
5212:Sydney
5121:McGill
5080:Wash U
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1560:year,
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1134:. The
693:, and
683:cancer
623:crowns
545:(from
505:, and
503:cancer
461:, and
382:, and
125:Doctor
5726:Other
5315:Seoul
5310:Pusan
5111:Laval
5035:Emory
4997:Tufts
4973:Texas
4958:Touro
3818:(PDF)
3785:(PDF)
3688:NIDCD
3670:(PDF)
3659:(PDF)
3214:(PDF)
3207:(PDF)
3127:(PDF)
3096:(PDF)
3074:JSTOR
2661:(PDF)
2650:(PDF)
2622:(PDF)
2215:S2CID
2166:(PDF)
2159:(PDF)
1833:(PDF)
1822:(PDF)
1762:Notes
1592:NIOSH
1517:linen
1505:ivory
1474:sugar
1282:Roman
1187:Egypt
1164:Malta
1046:Team.
562:odoĂşs
551:ὀδούς
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376:teeth
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113:Names
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4714:UCLA
4032:2019
4002:PMID
3994:ISSN
3959:PMID
3951:ISSN
3920:2021
3890:PMID
3855:PMID
3807:PMID
3763:PMID
3641:2012
3628:ISBN
3564:2015
3551:ISBN
3531:2018
3504:2018
3477:2018
3444:ISBN
3419:ISBN
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3354:2010
3322:ISBN
3303:2014
3277:2016
3244:2010
3222:2014
3189:2007
3155:PMID
3116:PMID
3066:ISSN
3043:2007
2985:PMID
2908:ISSN
2877:2017
2855:2015
2825:2016
2798:2010
2772:2010
2750:2020
2724:2019
2694:2019
2669:2018
2633:2007
2605:2017
2576:2010
2538:PMID
2530:ISSN
2488:PMID
2439:PMID
2404:PMID
2377:PMID
2346:2016
2317:OCLC
2307:ISBN
2269:PMID
2242:PMID
2207:PMID
2142:link
2128:2017
2101:2019
2076:2017
2042:PMID
1992:2018
1967:2021
1937:PMID
1900:2010
1871:2014
1841:2017
1521:silk
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1348:pain
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1234:and
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4690:UAB
3986:doi
3943:doi
3882:doi
3878:268
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