1076:
341:
1620:(EBD) uses current scientific evidence to guide decisions. It is an approach to oral health that requires the application and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient's oral and medical health. Along with the dentist's professional skill and expertise, EBD allows dentists to stay up to date on the latest procedures and patients to receive improved treatment. A new paradigm for medical education designed to incorporate current research into education and practice was developed to help practitioners provide the best care for their patients. It was first introduced by
1496:
721:
1409:
826:
98:
712:
1378:
6114:
6144:
1644:
6154:
1094:
38:
6134:
1532:
649:
6124:
1669:
1598:), exposure limits are set to 85 dBA. Exposures below 85 dBA are not considered to be hazardous. Time limits are placed on how long an individual can stay in an environment above 85 dBA before it causes hearing loss. OSHA places that limitation at 8 hours for 85 dBA. The exposure time becomes shorter as the dBA level increases.
793:
In many countries, dentists usually complete between five and eight years of post-secondary education before practising. Though not mandatory, many dentists choose to complete an internship or residency focusing on specific aspects of dental care after they have received their dental degree. In a few
1443:
The
Egyptian Mummies that I have seen, have had their Mouths open, and somewhat gaping, which affordeth a good opportunity to view and observe their Teeth, wherein 'tis not easie to find any wanting or decayed: and therefore in Egypt, where one Man practised but one Operation, or the Diseases but of
1601:
Within the field of dentistry, a variety of cleaning tools are used including piezoelectric and sonic scalers, and ultrasonic scalers and cleaners. While a majority of the tools do not exceed 75 dBA, prolonged exposure over many years can lead to hearing loss or complaints of tinnitus. Few dentists
777:
and the
Metropolitan School of Dental Science, both in London, opened in 1859. The British Dentists Act of 1878 and the 1879 Dentists Register limited the title of "dentist" and "dental surgeon" to qualified and registered practitioners. However, others could legally describe themselves as "dental
1563:
Major advances in science were made in the 19th century, and dentistry evolved from a trade to a profession. The profession came under government regulation by the end of the 19th century. In the UK, the
Dentist Act was passed in 1878 and the British Dental Association formed in 1879. In the same
1527:
threads were usually employed to fasten the braces. His contributions to the world of dental science consist primarily of his 1728 publication Le chirurgien dentiste or The
Surgeon Dentist. The French text included "basic oral anatomy and function, dental construction, and various operative and
798:
awarded around the world include the Doctor of Dental
Surgery (DDS) and Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) in North America (US and Canada), and the Bachelor of Dental Surgery/Baccalaureus Dentalis Chirurgiae (BDS, BDent, BChD, BDSc) in the UK and current and former British Commonwealth countries.
1656:
Dentistry is unique in that it requires dental students to have competence-based clinical skills that can only be acquired through supervised specialized laboratory training and direct patient care. This necessitates the need for a scientific and professional basis of care with a foundation of
1560:. Hunter conducted a series of pioneering operations, in which he attempted a tooth transplant. Although the donated teeth never properly bonded with the recipients' gums, one of Hunter's patients stated that he had three which lasted for six years, a remarkable achievement for the period.
811:" (DMD). Specialization in dentistry is available in the fields of Anesthesiology, Dental Public Health, Endodontics, Oral Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, Orofacial Pain, Pathology, Orthodontics, Pediatric Dentistry (Pedodontics), Periodontics, and Prosthodontics.
1640:, especially since a major part of dentistry involves dealing with oral and systemic diseases. Other issues relevant to the dental field in terms of evidence-based research and evidence-based practice include population oral health, dental clinical practice, tooth morphology etc.
1555:
from one person to another. He realised that the chances of a successful tooth transplant (initially, at least) would be improved if the donor tooth was as fresh as possible and was matched for size with the recipient. These principles are still used in the transplantation of
902:– The delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal aging and age-related diseases as part of an interdisciplinary team with other health care professionals.
758:
Studies show that dentists that graduated from different countries, or even from different dental schools in one country, may make different clinical decisions for the same clinical condition. For example, dentists that graduated from
4984:
1778:
Whether
Dentists are referred to as "Doctor" is subject to geographic variation. For example, they are called "Doctor" in the US. In the UK, dentists have traditionally been referred to as "Mister" as they identified themselves with
668:
and regular, twice or more yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and evaluation. Oral infections and inflammations may affect overall health and conditions in the oral cavity may be indicative of systemic diseases, such as
1335:, Avicenna said that jaw fracture should be reduced according to the occlusal guidance of the teeth; this principle is still valid in modern times. Al-Zahrawi invented over 200 surgical tools that resemble the modern kind.
1023:). Today, most maxillofacial prosthodontists return function and esthetics to patients with acquired defects secondary to surgical removal of head and neck tumors, or secondary to trauma from war or motor vehicle accidents.
1590:. Noise exposure can cause excessive stimulation of the hearing mechanism, which damages the delicate structures of the inner ear. NIHL can occur when an individual is exposed to sound levels above 90 dBA according to the
480:
calls for the use of high-quality scientific research and evidence to guide decision-making such as in manual tooth conservation, use of fluoride water treatment and fluoride toothpaste, dealing with oral diseases such as
1395:
In the United
Kingdom, there was no formal qualification for the providers of dental treatment until 1859 and it was only in 1921 that the practice of dentistry was limited to those who were professionally qualified. The
5129:
1822:
715:
A sagittal cross-section of a molar tooth; 1: crown, 2: root, 3: enamel, 4: dentin and dentin tubules, 5: pulp chamber, 6: blood vessels and nerve, 7: periodontal ligament, 8: apex and periapical region, 9: alveolar
417:
The history of dentistry is almost as ancient as the history of humanity and civilization, with the earliest evidence dating from 7000 BC to 5500 BC. Dentistry is thought to have been the first specialization in
1126:(cavities). An infected tooth from Italy partially cleaned with flint tools, between 13,820 and 14,160 years old, represents the oldest known dentistry, although a 2017 study suggests that 130,000 years ago the
1800:
The scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery is variable. In some countries, both a medical and dental degree is required for training, and the scope includes head and neck oncology and craniofacial deformity.
840:
Some dentists undertake further training after their initial degree in order to specialize. Exactly which subjects are recognized by dental registration bodies varies according to location. Examples include:
802:
All dentists in the United States undergo at least three years of undergraduate studies, but nearly all complete a bachelor's degree. This schooling is followed by four years of dental school to qualify as a
4946:
778:
experts" or "dental consultants". The practice of dentistry in the United
Kingdom became fully regulated with the 1921 Dentists Act, which required the registration of anyone practising dentistry. The
4916:
5114:
1791:). However more UK dentists now refer to themselves as "Doctor", although this was considered to be potentially misleading by the British public in a single report (see Costley and Fawcett 2010).
652:
Irreversible enamel defects caused by an untreated celiac disease. They may be the only clue to its diagnosis, even in absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, but are often confused with fluorosis,
5162:
4847:
645:, and any other drugs used in patient management. Depending on their licensing boards, general dentists may be required to complete additional training to perform sedation, dental implants, etc.
3980:
Formicola, Allan J.; Bailit, Howard L.; Beazoglou, Tryfon J.; Tedesco, Lisa A. (February 2008). "The interrelationship of accreditation and dental education: history and current environment".
4852:
4857:
1392:
The first book focused solely on dentistry was the "Artzney
Buchlein" in 1530, and the first dental textbook written in English was called "Operator for the Teeth" by Charles Allen in 1685.
2711:
1444:
single Parts, it must needs be a barren
Profession to confine unto that of drawing of Teeth, and little better than to have been Tooth-drawer unto King Pyrrhus, who had but two in his Head.
633:), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and extraction of teeth, as well as performing examinations, radiographs (x-rays), and diagnosis. Dentists can also prescribe
4911:
1452:
became known as the "father of modern dentistry". Despite the limitations of the primitive surgical instruments during the late 17th and early 18th century, Fauchard was a highly skilled
1230:, written in the 17th century BC but which may reflect previous manuscripts from as early as 3000 BC, discusses the treatment of dislocated or fractured jaws. In the 18th century BC, the
1046:
dealing with prevention and treatment of dental injuries and oral diseases associated with sports and exercise. The sports dentist works as an individual consultant or as a member of the
3016:
5099:
4896:
3548:
5240:
4956:
584:, oral diseases are major public health problems due to their high incidence and prevalence across the globe, with the disadvantaged affected more than other socio-economic groups.
5167:
4921:
2425:
Zadik Yehuda; Levin Liran (April 2007). "Decision making of Israeli, East European, and South American dental school graduates in third molar surgery: is there a difference?".
2145:
2398:
Zadik Yehuda; Levin Liran (April 2006). "Decision making of Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University Dental Schools graduates in every day dentistry—is there a difference?".
5104:
5030:
4931:
4777:
4742:
1833:
4926:
4757:
4604:
2842:
4594:
2741:
1154:
operated, perhaps, by skilled bead-crafters. The reconstruction of this ancient form of dentistry showed that the methods used were reliable and effective. The earliest
1568:
was the first ever dentist to be elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh), raising dentistry onto a par with clinical surgery for the first time.
4885:
4732:
2123:
430:(the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions. However, some specialties such as
5187:
5134:
5083:
4881:
4752:
1657:
extensive research-based education. According to some experts, the accreditation of dental schools can enhance the quality and professionalism of dental education.
1397:
4812:
4737:
4428:
1075:
634:
434:(facial reconstruction) may require both medical and dental degrees to accomplish. In European history, dentistry is considered to have stemmed from the trade of
1958:
1591:
1519:, although they were initially made of gold, he discovered that the teeth position could be corrected as the teeth would follow the pattern of the wires. Waxed
1594:(OSHA). Regulations state that the permissible noise exposure levels for individuals is 90 dBA. For the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (
3607:
Pierre Fauchard, Surgeon-dentist: A Brief Account of the Beginning of Modern Dentistry, the First Dental Textbook, and Professional Life Two Hundred Years Ago
5154:
5020:
5010:
4990:
4971:
2816:
5192:
5182:
5119:
4906:
4842:
4827:
4792:
4698:
4685:
422:
which has gone on to develop its own accredited degree with its own specializations. Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct
5643:
5225:
5139:
5000:
4901:
4832:
4822:
4762:
4708:
4579:
5144:
3495:
5984:
5109:
5048:
4867:
4802:
4797:
621:
By nature of their general training, dentists, without specialization can carry out the majority of dental treatments such as restorative (fillings,
5260:
4951:
4872:
4817:
4747:
4668:
4554:
4348:
3937:
Slavkin, Harold C. (January 2012). "Evolution of the scientific basis for dentistry and its impact on dental education: past, present, and future".
3522:
3468:
5298:
3818:
848:– The specialty of dentistry that deals with the advanced use of general anesthesia, sedation and pain management to facilitate dental procedures.
5583:
4995:
4966:
4787:
2719:
5270:
5124:
5078:
4936:
4782:
4772:
1551:. In 1763, he entered into a period of collaboration with the London-based dentist James Spence. He began to theorise about the possibility of
748:
3030:
5063:
5058:
5015:
4276:
4256:
3911:
3635:
3558:
3426:
3329:
3006:
2314:
307:
303:
2563:
1342:
and throughout the 19th century, dentistry was not a profession in itself, and often dental procedures were performed by barbers or general
5883:
4353:
3294:
1400:
in 1979 reported that there were then more than twice as many registered dentists per 10,000 population in the UK than there were in 1921.
3659:
2872:
2650:
2363:
Zadik Yehuda; Levin Liran (January 2008). "Clinical decision making in restorative dentistry, endodontics, and antibiotic prescription".
5207:
4072:
3705:
892:
with experience or training in this field. The function of the forensic dentist is primarily documentation and verification of identity.
786:
as president, played a major role in prosecuting dentists practising illegally. Dentists in the United Kingdom are now regulated by the
740:
3176:
68:
6019:
5361:
5172:
4421:
2063:
1823:
General Dental Council Patient and Public Attitudes to Standards for Dental Professionals, Ethical Guidance and Use of the Term Doctor
3207:
2159:
4941:
4767:
3264:
1577:
77:
6137:
3096:
1015:, which is the discipline originally concerned with the rehabilitation of patients with congenital facial and oral defects such as
656:
discoloration, acid reflux or other causes. The National Institutes of Health include a dental exam in the diagnostic protocol of
4961:
4589:
4281:
4266:
4107:
4102:
911:
905:
5255:
5177:
4619:
4614:
4327:
2850:
1721:
774:
3876:
Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (1992). "Evidence-based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine".
2745:
1260:
wrote about dentistry, including the eruption pattern of teeth, treating decayed teeth and gum disease, extracting teeth with
340:
6009:
5443:
5068:
5043:
4862:
4727:
4476:
4332:
4112:
3451:
1726:
917:
744:
706:
431:
4536:
3345:
1616:
There is a movement in modern dentistry to place a greater emphasis on high-quality scientific evidence in decision-making.
5308:
4891:
4414:
2183:
Pastore L, Carroccio A, Compilato D, Panzarella V, Serpico R, Lo Muzio L (2008). "Oral manifestations of celiac disease".
1858:
1495:
732:
555:
3757:
Wilson, J.D. (2002). "Effects of occupational ultrasonic noise exposure on hearing of dental hygienists: A pilot study".
5989:
5197:
4980:
4877:
4661:
4629:
4564:
4373:
4317:
1743:
1711:
1507:, and he invented many methods to replace lost teeth. He suggested that substitutes could be made from carved blocks of
1070:
5633:
5283:
5278:
4271:
1862:
1284:
is the first named "dentist" (greatest of the teeth). The Egyptians bound replacement teeth together with gold wire.
1602:
have reported using personal hearing protective devices, which could offset any potential hearing loss or tinnitus.
5613:
4976:
4437:
4261:
1583:
1280:
during the 6th–4th century BC, fashioning them from gold wire and incorporating two ivory teeth. In ancient Egypt,
779:
2820:
2236:
Estrella MR, Boynton JR (2010). "General dentistry's role in the care for children with special needs: a review".
541:, which comes from the French and Latin words for tooth. The term for the associated scientific study of teeth is
6042:
5318:
5313:
4378:
4291:
2067:
1701:
1012:
808:
581:
720:
697:. The concept that oral health can affect systemic health and disease is referred to as "oral-systemic health".
5834:
5756:
5751:
5671:
5431:
5250:
5230:
4807:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4210:
1637:
1617:
1611:
1235:
1036:
804:
770:(wisdom teeth) more often than dentists that graduated from Latin American or Eastern European dental schools.
608:
510:
477:
314:
1984:
1264:, and using wires to stabilize loose teeth and fractured jaws. Some say the first use of dental appliances or
794:
countries, to become a qualified dentist one must usually complete at least four years of postgraduate study;
5814:
5788:
5220:
5073:
5005:
4693:
4654:
4451:
4296:
4065:
3499:
1633:
1080:
A wealthy patient falling over because of having a tooth extracted with such vigour by a fashionable dentist
1028:
966:
and dentofacial orthopedics – The straightening of teeth and modification of midface and mandibular growth.
407:
2594:
5406:
5354:
4634:
4569:
4486:
4385:
4286:
1829:
1733:
787:
735:, and helped to establish dentistry as a health profession. It opened on 21 February 1828, and today is a
546:
3526:
3472:
525:(due to various severe complications arising from dental surgery with patients with heart disease), etc.
6057:
5943:
5916:
5889:
5841:
5795:
5490:
4837:
4559:
4157:
4089:
3785:
1753:
1582:
Long term occupational noise exposure can contribute to permanent hearing loss, which is referred to as
1565:
1548:
1408:
1316:
845:
825:
820:
284:
97:
6077:
6037:
5904:
5718:
5713:
5693:
5628:
5480:
5303:
5215:
5053:
4137:
2960:
1758:
1693:
1428:
1053:
1016:
857:
736:
60:
6157:
6099:
6082:
5741:
5458:
5323:
5245:
5235:
4526:
4501:
4491:
4322:
4312:
4235:
4152:
4122:
3038:
2789:
1748:
1738:
1716:
1706:
1625:
1422:
It was between 1650 and 1800 that the science of modern dentistry developed. The English physician
1301:
1234:
referenced dental extraction twice as it related to punishment. Examination of the remains of some
1227:
1057:
969:
925:
895:
885:
596:
567:
486:
6143:
3993:
3723:
Stevens, M (1999). "Is someone listening to the din of occupational noise exposure in dentistry".
711:
6178:
6047:
6004:
5994:
5783:
5736:
5703:
5698:
5448:
5426:
5293:
4703:
4363:
4200:
4172:
4162:
4142:
4058:
4025:"The first 25 year [Internet] Ireland: ADEE (Association for Dental Education in Europe)"
3077:
2622:
2599:
2571:
2218:
1528:
restorative techniques, and effectively separated dentistry from the wider category of surgery".
1382:
1312:
1265:
1155:
1005:
875:
851:
626:
616:
612:
600:
3398:
Czarnetzki, A.; Ehrhardt S. (1990). "Re-dating the Chinese amalgam-filling of teeth in Europe".
3298:
3670:
2661:
2513:
1308:
medical text written by the Chinese physician Su Kung in 659, and appeared in Germany in 1528.
908:– The study, diagnosis, and sometimes the treatment of oral and maxillofacial related diseases.
6117:
5999:
5969:
5948:
5911:
5894:
5809:
5773:
5763:
5658:
5578:
5522:
5485:
5470:
5411:
5378:
5347:
5328:
5288:
4190:
4005:
3997:
3962:
3954:
3893:
3858:
3810:
3766:
3687:
3631:
3554:
3447:
3422:
3380:
3325:
3158:
3119:
3069:
2988:
2911:
2846:
2541:
2533:
2491:
2442:
2407:
2380:
2320:
2310:
2272:
2245:
2210:
2139:
2045:
1940:
1688:
1367:
1231:
1178:
948:
938:
752:
622:
604:
458:
423:
298:
273:
1206:
Recipes for the treatment of toothache, infections and loose teeth are spread throughout the
5819:
5804:
5681:
5556:
5512:
5038:
4390:
4205:
3989:
3950:
3946:
3885:
3848:
3800:
3184:
3111:
2978:
2968:
2903:
2525:
2481:
2473:
2434:
2376:
2372:
2200:
2192:
2071:
2035:
2025:
1930:
1552:
1358:. Instruments used for dental extractions date back several centuries. In the 14th century,
1338:
Historically, dental extractions have been used to treat a variety of illnesses. During the
1292:
wrote extensively of oral diseases as well as dental treatments such as narcotic-containing
1289:
1115:
572:'tooth') – the study of the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth.
462:
454:
450:
446:
349:
278:
268:
3419:
Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia (Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages)
2263:
da Fonseca MA (2010). "Dental and oral care for chronically ill children and adolescents".
1246:. However, it is possible the prosthetics were prepared after death for aesthetic reasons.
6147:
6092:
5953:
5938:
5921:
5861:
5856:
5800:
5778:
5475:
5421:
5401:
4609:
4511:
4368:
4230:
4225:
3706:"Occupational Safety and Health Standards | Occupational Safety and Health Administration"
3214:
2166:
1674:
1629:
1473:
1449:
1359:
1215:
1200:
1139:
1047:
1043:
764:
725:
587:
The majority of dental treatments are carried out to prevent or treat the two most common
3272:
2514:"125 years of developments in dentistry, 1880–2005 Part 2: Law and the dental profession"
3127:
2964:
5979:
5933:
5746:
5676:
5495:
4240:
4220:
4215:
4182:
4147:
4132:
3853:
3836:
3011:
2983:
2948:
2486:
2461:
2040:
2013:
1780:
1683:
1557:
1504:
1469:
1386:
1249:
1219:
1171:
993:
979:
958:
929:
678:
657:
588:
498:
470:
435:
1377:
6172:
6062:
5851:
5846:
5708:
5648:
5551:
4677:
4195:
4167:
3889:
2686:
2222:
1621:
1516:
1481:
1423:
1223:
1207:
1195:
1186:
1150:) indicates that this form of dentistry involved curing tooth related disorders with
1134:
has yielded evidence of dentistry being practised as far back as 7000 BC, during the
944:
795:
743:, opened in Baltimore, Maryland, US in 1840. The second in the United States was the
694:
690:
592:
580:
Dentistry usually encompasses practices related to the oral cavity. According to the
222:
1456:
who made remarkable improvisations of dental instruments, often adapting tools from
6127:
6067:
6052:
5878:
5603:
5453:
5438:
5384:
4481:
4395:
4127:
4117:
2307:
Teeth: the story of beauty, inequality, and the struggle for oral health in America
1866:
1305:
1285:
1211:
1131:
1127:
990:(non-surgical and surgical) as well as placement and maintenance of dental implants
987:
963:
861:
830:
670:
653:
490:
466:
403:
353:
345:
172:
64:
3912:"Union workers build high-tech dental simulation laboratory for SIU dental school"
1891:
1643:
3625:
3605:
3585:
3349:
3115:
2973:
2196:
1935:
1918:
320:
5926:
5871:
5768:
5623:
5598:
5416:
4624:
4531:
4358:
4097:
3660:"A pioneering history: dentistry and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh"
3621:
2873:"Analysis of Neanderthal teeth marks uncovers evidence of prehistoric dentistry"
1339:
1332:
1297:
1253:
1239:
1147:
1123:
1119:
1101:
955:
952:
888:– The gathering and use of dental evidence in law. This may be performed by any
879:
867:
767:
686:
482:
427:
399:
383:
375:
152:
6014:
3239:
2438:
2338:
2126:. National Institute of Health (NIH). Archived from the original on 15 May 2017
1093:
1056:– The field of dentistry applied to the care of animals. It is a specialty of
17:
5899:
5866:
5638:
5588:
5573:
5568:
5561:
5546:
5536:
4599:
4521:
4516:
4496:
3587:
Pierre Fauchard (1678–1761): The First Dental Surgeon, His Work, His Actuality
2477:
1664:
1539:
After Fauchard, the study of dentistry rapidly expanded. Two important books,
1457:
1371:
1324:
1293:
1243:
1182:
783:
638:
522:
518:
441:
Dental treatments are carried out by a dental team, which often consists of a
160:
140:
4406:
4001:
3958:
3805:
3073:
2915:
2537:
2324:
2030:
914:– The study and radiologic interpretation of oral and maxillofacial diseases.
6087:
5829:
5824:
5688:
5666:
5541:
5505:
4546:
4506:
4466:
4456:
3738:
Merrel, HB (1992). "Noise pollution and hearing loss in the dental office".
1784:
1355:
1343:
1273:
1269:
1257:
1151:
1135:
514:
395:
387:
263:
164:
4009:
3966:
3862:
3814:
3770:
3162:
2992:
2545:
2529:
2495:
2446:
2411:
2384:
2276:
2249:
2214:
2049:
1531:
648:
3897:
3384:
3123:
2929:
1944:
5593:
5370:
4471:
2894:
Coppa, A.; et al. (2006). "Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry".
1587:
1320:
1277:
1163:
1143:
1020:
674:
642:
630:
506:
494:
419:
391:
371:
245:
168:
3081:
1439:
pub. 1690) made an early dental observation with characteristic humour:
941:– The art and science of replacing extracted teeth with dental implants.
521:(study of blood) to avoid bleeding complications during dental surgery,
6072:
5532:
5500:
5393:
1788:
1489:
1461:
1453:
1363:
1328:
1281:
1261:
1159:
1001:
889:
834:
665:
664:
Dentists also encourage the prevention of oral diseases through proper
442:
411:
176:
156:
2205:
1166:
and dates from 6500 years ago. Dentistry was practised in prehistoric
1485:
1465:
1347:
760:
682:
509:
which could also affect the oral cavity. Other practices relevant to
502:
3371:
Bjørklund G (1989). "The history of dental amalgam (in Norwegian)".
2907:
1374:
which, in turn, was replaced by modern forceps in the 19th century.
1350:
usually limited their practice to extracting teeth which alleviated
1315:
Dentistry was discussed in several famous books of medicine such as
854:– Focuses on improving the appearance of the mouth, teeth and smile.
330:
394:, disorders, and conditions of the mouth, most commonly focused on
1642:
1595:
1530:
1520:
1508:
1494:
1488:, and also suggested that tumors surrounding the teeth and in the
1477:
1407:
1376:
1190:
1167:
1092:
1074:
824:
719:
710:
647:
339:
4646:
3837:"Occupational hygiene practices of dentists in southern Thailand"
1647:
A dental chair at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry
1524:
1512:
1370:
up until the late 18th century. The pelican was replaced by the
1351:
1193:, Japan, and China. The legend of the worm is also found in the
1189:. Evidence of this belief has also been found in ancient India,
379:
5343:
4650:
4410:
4054:
1174:
lanced from the root of a tooth dating back to around 2500 BC.
102:
A dentist treats a patient with the help of a dental assistant.
2294:. Vol. 2. St. Clair Shores: Somerset. pp. 1217–1218.
1122:
society about 10,000 years ago correlated with an increase in
31:
4050:
3786:"Occupational Health Problems in Modern Dentistry: A Review"
2165:(Report). National Institute of Health (NIH). Archived from
2094:"American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry | Dental CE Courses"
1468:, that he thought could be used in dentistry. He introduced
52:
5339:
1499:
Panoramic radiograph of historic dental implants, made 1978
560:
2902:(7085). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 755–756.
2550:
The 1879 register is referred to as the "Dental Register".
935:
Oral biology – Research in dental and craniofacial biology
731:
John M. Harris started the world's first dental school in
517:
of the mouth to inspect teeth deformity or oral malaises,
398:(the development and arrangement of teeth) as well as the
197:
Knowledge of human health, disease, pathology, and anatomy
3149:
Blomstedt, P. (2013). "Dental surgery in ancient Egypt".
763:
dental schools may recommend the removal of asymptomatic
599:(gum disease or pyorrhea). Common treatments involve the
4024:
2793:
1385:
designed by Fauchard in the late 17th century to use in
1362:
most probably invented the dental pelican (resembling a
1203:
still promoted the belief that worms cause tooth decay.
3259:
3257:
2767:
1632:
in the 1990s. It is part of the larger movement toward
56:
3060:
TOWNEND, B. R. (1944). "The Story of the Tooth-Worm".
2949:"Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth"
1959:"When barbers were surgeons and surgeons were barbers"
1859:"Glossary of Dental Clinical and Administrative Terms"
5168:
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
773:
In the United Kingdom, the first dental schools, the
2093:
473:) institutions (prisons, armed forces bases, etc.).
402:. Dentistry may also encompass other aspects of the
6030:
5968:
5729:
5657:
5612:
5521:
5392:
5377:
5269:
5206:
5153:
5092:
5029:
4684:
4578:
4545:
4444:
4341:
4305:
4249:
4181:
4088:
3097:"Historical Perspectives of Oral Biology: A Series"
2014:"Primary care in dentistry – an untapped potential"
1919:"Historical perspectives of oral biology: a series"
864:
and social health policies relevant to oral health.
465:). Most dentists either work in private practices (
313:
297:
254:
228:
216:
187:
182:
146:
134:
112:
107:
4605:North Thames Regional Cleft Lip and Palate Service
3324:(6th ed.). Thames & Hudson. p. 449.
689:is associated with an increased risk of diabetes,
4595:Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2843:"Oldest Dentistry Found in 14,000-Year-Old Tooth"
2712:"Anesthesiology recognized as a dental specialty"
2564:"The story of dentistry: Dental History Timeline"
2118:
2116:
2114:
1624:and the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group at
1492:could appear in the later stages of tooth decay.
1199:, and as late as the 14th century AD the surgeon
47:contains too many pictures for its overall length
3295:"History of Dentistry Research Page, Newsletter"
2144:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
747:, established in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1845. The
2595:"Banning Clerks, Colliers and other Charlatans"
1545:Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Teeth
1441:
1398:Royal Commission on the National Health Service
986:) – The study and treatment of diseases of the
3584:André Besombes; Phillipe de Gaillande (1993).
2558:
2556:
1412:A microscopic device used in dental analysis,
1130:already used rudimentary dentistry tools. The
5355:
4662:
4422:
4066:
3994:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.2_suppl.tb04480.x
3599:
3597:
3104:Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine
3095:Suddick Richard P., Harris Norman O. (1990).
2744:. FDI World Dental Federation. Archived from
2007:
2005:
1923:Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine
1592:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1146:(now in Pakistan's south western province of
1019:or patients born with an underdeveloped ear (
724:Early dental chair in Pioneer West Museum in
8:
3322:Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice
3144:
3142:
3140:
90:
5193:Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry
3878:Journal of the American Medical Association
3579:
3577:
3446:. Jefferson, N.C.: Mcfarland. p. 152.
2507:
2505:
2018:Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
390:, prevention, management, and treatment of
5644:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
5389:
5362:
5348:
5340:
4669:
4655:
4647:
4429:
4415:
4407:
4073:
4059:
4051:
4029:Association for Dental Education in Europe
2947:Bernardini, Federico; et al. (2012).
1821:Neil Costley; Jo Fawcett (November 2010).
1547:(1778), were published by British surgeon
932:, and surgery of the jaws, mouth and face.
755:accepted a bid to incorporate the school.
5985:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
5208:Australian and New Zealand dental schools
3852:
3804:
2982:
2972:
2930:"Dig uncovers ancient roots of dentistry"
2485:
2204:
2039:
2029:
1934:
1011:Some prosthodontists super-specialize in
489:, as well as systematic diseases such as
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
4555:Hearing loss with craniofacial syndromes
4349:Index of oral health and dental articles
4118:Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics
3348:. Dentaltreatment.org.uk. Archived from
2875:. The University of Kansas. 28 June 2017
2817:"How our ancestors drilled rotten teeth"
2623:"History of Dental Surgery in Edinburgh"
2462:"Dentistry and the University of London"
2160:Dental Enamel Defects and Celiac Disease
51:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3951:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.1.tb05231.x
3346:"Dental Treatment in the Ancient Times"
3031:"History of Dentistry: Ancient Origins"
2377:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.1.tb04456.x
2309:. New York: The New Press. p. 70.
1832:/George Street Research. Archived from
1813:
1771:
2630:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
2593:J Menzies Campbell (8 February 1955).
2343:Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine
2137:
1170:, as evidenced by a skull which had a
749:Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery
294:
89:
4277:Canadian Association of Orthodontists
4257:American Association of Orthodontists
3550:Royal Commission on the NHS Chapter 9
3400:International Journal of Anthropology
2064:"What is the burden of oral disease?"
1886:
1884:
7:
6123:
5884:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
4354:Outline of dentistry and oral health
3007:"700 years added to Malta's history"
685:. Many studies have also shown that
61:indiscriminate collections of images
6133:
3824:from the original on 27 April 2019.
3320:Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul (2012).
3151:Journal of the History of Dentistry
3062:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
3019:from the original on 16 March 2018.
2460:Gelbier, Stanley (1 October 2005).
1366:'s beak) which was used to perform
741:Baltimore College of Dental Surgery
326:
6020:Medical Scientist Training Program
3854:10.1002/j.1875-595x.2001.tb00811.x
2815:Barras, Colin (29 February 2016).
2292:Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places
1892:"Stone age man used dentist drill"
200:Communication/Interpersonal Skills
25:
3604:Bernhard Wolf Weinberger (1941).
1578:Occupational hazards in dentistry
1242:reveals early attempts at dental
1042:Sports dentistry – the branch of
1008:and the restoration of implants.
194:Sub-Millimeter Surgical Dexterity
6152:
6142:
6132:
6122:
6113:
6112:
4590:Cleft Lip and Palate Association
4282:Dental Technologists Association
4267:British Dental Health Foundation
4108:Oral and maxillofacial radiology
4103:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
3890:10.1001/jama.1992.03490170092032
1917:Suddick, RP; Harris, NO (1990).
1667:
912:Oral and maxillofacial radiology
906:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
96:
69:Manual of Style on use of images
36:
6153:
5178:Guy's, King's & St Thomas's
5031:Defunct American dental schools
4620:Shriners Hospitals for Children
4615:Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal
3667:History of Dentistry Newsletter
3630:. Transworld. pp. 223–24.
1787:(as do surgeons in the UK, see
1722:Dentistry in the United Kingdom
1327:who is considered the greatest
775:London School of Dental Surgery
410:. The practitioner is called a
6010:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
5444:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
4957:Southern Illinois–Edwardsville
4477:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
4113:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
3658:Dingwall, Helen (April 2004).
2849:. 16 July 2015. Archived from
2651:"Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.)"
1727:Dentistry in the United States
1652:Ethical and medicolegal issues
1541:Natural History of Human Teeth
1276:crafted the oldest documented
947:– The clinical evaluation and
918:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
745:Ohio College of Dental Surgery
707:Dentistry throughout the world
607:or surgical removal of teeth,
533:The term dentistry comes from
432:oral and maxillofacial surgery
1:
3669:. No. 14. Archived from
3297:. Rcpsg.ac.uk. Archived from
3240:"Medicine in Ancient Egypt 3"
2687:"Canadian Dental Association"
2290:Owen, Lorrie K., ed. (1999).
2124:"Diagnosis of Celiac Disease"
1433:
1413:
1354:and associated chronic tooth
1272:from as early as 700 BC. The
1118:societies, but the advent of
1105:
1083:
1035:) – Dentistry for those with
878:and study of diseases of the
635:medications used in the field
63:or adjusting images that are
5990:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
5757:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
5198:UCL Eastman Dental Institute
4952:Southern California (Ostrow)
4630:Transforming Faces Worldwide
4565:Popliteal pterygium syndrome
4374:History of dental treatments
3841:International Dental Journal
3688:"Noise-Induced Hearing Loss"
3444:A history of the Middle East
3177:"Ancient Egyptian Dentistry"
3116:10.1177/10454411900010020301
2974:10.1371/journal.pone.0044904
2770:. Avdc.org. 29 November 2009
2197:10.1097/MCG.0b013e318074dd98
1936:10.1177/10454411900010020301
1744:List of dental organizations
1712:Dentistry in the Philippines
1503:Fauchard was the pioneer of
1071:History of dental treatments
739:. The first dental college,
561:
386:. It consists of the study,
5271:South Korean dental schools
4580:National and international
4537:Speech and language therapy
4272:British Orthodontic Society
3982:Journal of Dental Education
3939:Journal of Dental Education
3208:"History of Dentistry 2001"
3035:American Dental Association
2792:. Evdc.info. Archived from
1863:American Dental Association
1572:Hazards in modern dentistry
1304:were first documented in a
751:followed in 1852. In 1907,
6195:
4438:Cleft lip and cleft palate
4262:British Dental Association
3610:. Pierre Fauchard Academy.
3590:. Pierre Fauchard Academy.
3442:Friedman, Saul S. (2006).
2568:British Dental Association
2439:10.1016/j.joms.2006.09.002
2271:(3): 204–09, quiz 210–11.
1609:
1584:noise-induced hearing loss
1575:
1068:
1039:and acquired disabilities.
976:) – Dentistry for children
829:A modern dental clinic in
818:
782:, formed in 1880 with Sir
780:British Dental Association
704:
550:
537:, which comes from French
6108:
4996:Texas Tech–El Paso (Hunt)
4292:Indian Dental Association
3759:Journal of Dental Hygiene
2478:10.1017/s0025727300009157
1702:Dentistry in ancient Rome
1013:maxillofacial prosthetics
809:Doctor of Dental Medicine
582:World Health Organization
469:), dental hospitals, or (
327:
95:
5944:Transplantation medicine
5835:Clinical neurophysiology
5752:Obstetric anesthesiology
5672:Interventional radiology
5432:Digestive system surgery
5231:Charles Sturt University
4452:Advance practice nursing
4211:Scaling and root planing
3806:10.2486/indhealth.45.611
3740:Dental Assisting Journal
2031:10.4103/2249-4863.152239
1638:evidence-based practices
1618:Evidence-based dentistry
1612:Evidence-based dentistry
1606:Evidence-based dentistry
1535:A modern dentist's chair
805:Doctor of Dental Surgery
609:scaling and root planing
511:evidence-based dentistry
478:evidence-based dentistry
5815:Intensive care medicine
5789:Mass gathering medicine
5634:Maternal–fetal medicine
5093:Canadian dental schools
4858:Nebraska–Medical Center
4686:American dental schools
4297:National Health Service
1634:evidence-based medicine
1114:Tooth decay was low in
1089:. History of Dentistry.
1029:Special needs dentistry
882:and periapical tissues.
701:Education and licensing
476:The modern movement of
408:temporomandibular joint
209:Empathy/Professionalism
67:in accordance with the
5407:Cardiothoracic surgery
5155:British dental schools
4813:LSU Health–New Orleans
4635:Smile Angel Foundation
4570:Van der Woude syndrome
4487:Orthodontic technology
4386:Infant oral mutilation
4287:General Dental Council
4023:Carrrassi, A. (2019).
3373:Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen
3265:"History Of Dentistry"
3181:University of Oklahoma
2530:10.1038/sj.bdj.4812875
2518:British Dental Journal
2427:J Oral Maxillofac Surg
1830:General Dental Council
1734:Eco-friendly dentistry
1648:
1536:
1500:
1446:
1419:
1389:
1111:
1090:
1033:special care dentistry
837:
788:General Dental Council
728:
717:
661:
406:complex including the
356:
6058:Personalized medicine
5917:Reproductive medicine
5842:Occupational medicine
5796:Evolutionary medicine
4985:UT Health–San Antonio
4560:Pierre Robin syndrome
4158:Restorative dentistry
3835:Leggat, P.A. (2001).
3784:Leggat, P.A. (2007).
3624:(30 September 2010).
3269:Complete Dental Guide
2819:. BBC. Archived from
1754:Sustainable dentistry
1698:Domestic healthcare:
1646:
1566:Francis Brodie Imlach
1534:
1515:. He also introduced
1498:
1484:were responsible for
1411:
1380:
1317:The Canon in medicine
1098:Farmer at the dentist
1096:
1078:
828:
821:Specialty (dentistry)
723:
714:
651:
343:
6078:Traditional medicine
6038:Alternative medicine
5905:Addiction psychiatry
5719:Transfusion medicine
5714:Medical microbiology
5629:Gynecologic oncology
5481:Reproductive surgery
5079:Pennsylvania College
4853:Missouri–Kansas City
4728:Case Western Reserve
4445:Related specialities
4138:Dental public health
3421:. Psychology Press.
3417:Meri, Josef (2005).
3242:. Arabworldbooks.com
3133:on 18 December 2007.
2722:on 21 September 2019
2512:Gelbier, S. (2005).
2185:J Clin Gastroenterol
1759:Veterinary dentistry
1694:Dental public health
1480:-derived acids like
1429:A Letter to a Friend
1162:, was discovered in
1054:Veterinary dentistry
1017:cleft lip and palate
998:prosthetic dentistry
858:Dental public health
601:restoration of teeth
242:Primary care clinics
57:improve this article
6100:History of medicine
6083:Veterinary medicine
5890:Preventive medicine
5742:Adolescent medicine
5584:Infectious diseases
5261:University of Otago
5236:Griffith University
5044:Fairleigh Dickinson
4527:Respiratory therapy
4502:Pediatric dentistry
4236:Socket preservation
4168:Dental traumatology
4163:Forensic odontology
4153:Geriatric dentistry
4148:Dental implantology
4123:Pediatric dentistry
3676:on 1 February 2013.
3553:. HMSO. July 1979.
3206:Wilwerding, Terry.
3187:on 26 December 2007
2965:2012PLoSO...744904B
2796:on 5 September 2018
2305:Mary, Otto (2017).
2012:Gambhir RS (2015).
1749:Pediatric dentistry
1739:Geriatric dentistry
1717:Dentistry in Israel
1707:Dentistry in Canada
1626:McMaster University
1476:. He asserted that
1448:The French surgeon
1228:Edwin Smith Papyrus
1058:veterinary medicine
970:Pediatric dentistry
896:Geriatric dentistry
886:Forensic odontology
597:periodontal disease
370:, is the branch of
92:
6048:Molecular oncology
6005:Doctor of Medicine
5995:Master of Medicine
5912:Radiation oncology
5784:Emergency medicine
5737:Addiction medicine
5704:Clinical chemistry
5699:Clinical pathology
5491:Transplant surgery
5449:Orthopedic surgery
5427:Colorectal surgery
4823:Maryland–Baltimore
4709:Boston U (Goldman)
4364:Dental instruments
4201:Root canal therapy
4173:Holistic dentistry
4143:Cosmetic dentistry
3988:(2 Suppl): 53–60.
3521:Gregory Ribitzky.
3494:Gregory Ribitzky.
3475:on 25 January 2020
3467:Gregory Ribitzky.
3379:(34–36): 3582–85.
3352:on 1 December 2009
3220:on 3 November 2014
2748:on 23 October 2020
2742:"Sports dentistry"
2600:The Glasgow Herald
1649:
1537:
1501:
1420:
1390:
1383:needle-nose pliers
1368:dental extractions
1323:and Al-Tasreef by
1313:Islamic Golden Age
1185:" as the cause of
1181:text describes a "
1112:
1091:
876:Root canal therapy
852:Cosmetic dentistry
838:
729:
718:
662:
617:cosmetic dentistry
595:(tooth decay) and
459:dental technicians
447:dental auxiliaries
357:
285:dental specialists
218:Education required
27:Branch of medicine
6166:
6165:
6000:Master of Surgery
5964:
5963:
5949:Tropical medicine
5895:Prison healthcare
5810:Hospital medicine
5774:Disaster medicine
5764:Aviation medicine
5579:Hospital medicine
5486:Surgical oncology
5471:Pediatric surgery
5465:
5412:Endocrine surgery
5337:
5336:
5256:Western Australia
4981:UT Health–Houston
4967:Temple (Kornberg)
4644:
4643:
4547:Related syndromes
4404:
4403:
4191:Dental extraction
3916:The Labor Tribune
3884:(17): 2420–2425.
3793:Industrial Health
3694:. 18 August 2015.
3637:978-1-4090-4462-8
3560:978-0-10-176150-5
3428:978-0-415-96690-0
3331:978-0-500-28976-1
3015:. 16 March 2018.
2847:Discovery Channel
2667:on 9 January 2017
2316:978-1-62097-144-4
1689:Dental instrument
1553:tooth transplants
1505:dental prosthesis
1472:as treatment for
1236:ancient Egyptians
1232:Code of Hammurabi
939:Oral Implantology
753:Temple University
571:
559:
463:dental therapists
455:dental hygienists
451:dental assistants
424:medical specialty
338:
337:
293:
292:
274:dental technician
239:Private practices
206:Critical Thinking
203:Analytical Skills
88:
87:
80:
16:(Redirected from
6186:
6156:
6155:
6146:
6136:
6135:
6126:
6125:
6116:
6115:
5820:Medical genetics
5805:General practice
5682:Nuclear medicine
5557:Gastroenterology
5513:Vascular surgery
5463:
5390:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5341:
5105:British Columbia
4917:Pacific (Dugoni)
4863:Nevada–Las Vegas
4778:Illinois–Chicago
4671:
4664:
4657:
4648:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4391:Mouth assessment
4206:Root end surgery
4075:
4068:
4061:
4052:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4020:
4014:
4013:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3856:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3808:
3790:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3664:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3525:. Archived from
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3498:. Archived from
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3471:. Archived from
3464:
3458:
3457:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3301:on 28 April 2015
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3271:. Archived from
3261:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3213:. Archived from
3212:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3183:. Archived from
3173:
3167:
3166:
3146:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3126:. Archived from
3101:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3037:. Archived from
3027:
3021:
3020:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2718:. Archived from
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2660:. Archived from
2655:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2570:. Archived from
2560:
2551:
2549:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2400:J Isr Dent Assoc
2395:
2389:
2388:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2208:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2172:on 5 March 2016.
2171:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2070:. Archived from
2060:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1865:. Archived from
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1827:
1818:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1776:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1438:
1435:
1418:
1415:
1404:Modern dentistry
1290:Cornelius Celsus
1116:pre-agricultural
1110:
1107:
1088:
1085:
733:Bainbridge, Ohio
576:Dental treatment
566:
564:
554:
552:
362:, also known as
350:dental assistant
331:edit on Wikidata
323:
295:
279:dental hygienist
269:dental assistant
148:Activity sectors
100:
93:
83:
76:
72:
65:sandwiching text
40:
39:
32:
21:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6104:
6093:Chief physician
6026:
5971:
5960:
5954:Travel medicine
5939:Sports medicine
5922:Sexual medicine
5862:Palliative care
5857:Pain management
5801:Family medicine
5779:Diving medicine
5725:
5653:
5615:
5608:
5524:
5517:
5476:Plastic surgery
5422:General surgery
5402:Cardiac surgery
5383:
5381:
5373:
5368:
5338:
5333:
5299:Gangneung-Wonju
5265:
5202:
5149:
5088:
5025:
4680:
4675:
4645:
4640:
4610:Operation Smile
4581:
4574:
4541:
4512:Plastic surgery
4440:
4435:
4405:
4400:
4369:Dental material
4337:
4301:
4245:
4231:Tooth bleaching
4226:Tooth polishing
4177:
4084:
4079:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4017:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3918:. 17 March 2014
3910:
3909:
3905:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3673:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3529:on 23 June 2018
3520:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3502:on 23 June 2018
3493:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3275:on 14 July 2016
3263:
3262:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3148:
3147:
3138:
3130:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2936:. 5 April 2006.
2928:
2927:
2923:
2908:10.1038/440755a
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2853:on 18 July 2015
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2790:"EVDC web site"
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2574:on 9 March 2012
2562:
2561:
2554:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2466:Medical History
2459:
2458:
2454:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2136:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2074:on 30 June 2004
2062:
2061:
2057:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1965:. 15 April 2015
1957:
1956:
1952:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1869:on 6 March 2016
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1839:on 4 March 2016
1836:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1781:barber surgeons
1777:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1675:Medicine portal
1673:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1654:
1630:Ontario, Canada
1614:
1608:
1580:
1574:
1558:internal organs
1474:dental cavities
1470:dental fillings
1450:Pierre Fauchard
1436:
1416:
1406:
1360:Guy de Chauliac
1302:dental amalgams
1300:. The earliest
1288:medical writer
1268:comes from the
1216:Brugsch Papyrus
1201:Guy de Chauliac
1108:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1048:Sports Medicine
1044:sports medicine
860:– The study of
823:
817:
726:Shamrock, Texas
709:
703:
629:), prosthetic (
615:treatment, and
578:
531:
436:barber surgeons
374:focused on the
364:dental medicine
334:
319:
289:
257:
250:
233:
231:
219:
212:
149:
137:
136:Occupation type
130:
103:
84:
73:
50:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Dental medicine
15:
12:
11:
5:
6192:
6190:
6182:
6181:
6171:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6150:
6140:
6130:
6120:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6031:Related topics
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5980:Medical school
5976:
5974:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5934:Sleep medicine
5931:
5930:
5929:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5747:Anesthesiology
5744:
5739:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5677:Neuroradiology
5674:
5663:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5614:Obstetrics and
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5498:
5496:Trauma surgery
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5459:Otolaryngology
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5387:
5385:subspecialties
5375:
5374:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5344:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5035:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4947:South Carolina
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4892:North Carolina
4889:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4678:Dental schools
4676:
4674:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4651:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4492:Otolaryngology
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4328:United Kingdom
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4241:Dental implant
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4221:Dental bonding
4218:
4216:Teeth cleaning
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4183:Dental surgery
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Prosthodontics
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4048:
4047:External links
4045:
4042:
4041:
4015:
3972:
3929:
3903:
3868:
3827:
3776:
3749:
3730:
3715:
3697:
3679:
3650:
3636:
3613:
3593:
3573:
3559:
3540:
3513:
3486:
3459:
3452:
3434:
3427:
3409:
3390:
3363:
3337:
3330:
3312:
3286:
3253:
3231:
3198:
3168:
3136:
3087:
3052:
3041:on 5 July 2007
3022:
3012:Times of Malta
2998:
2939:
2921:
2886:
2864:
2834:
2823:on 19 May 2017
2807:
2781:
2759:
2733:
2703:
2678:
2642:
2614:
2585:
2552:
2524:(7): 470–473.
2501:
2472:(4): 445–462.
2452:
2417:
2390:
2355:
2330:
2315:
2297:
2282:
2255:
2228:
2175:
2151:
2110:
2085:
2055:
2001:
1989:Etymonline.com
1976:
1963:Radio National
1950:
1909:
1898:. 6 April 2006
1880:
1850:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1793:
1789:Surgeon#Titles
1770:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1684:Dental aerosol
1680:
1679:
1678:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1610:Main article:
1607:
1604:
1576:Main article:
1573:
1570:
1405:
1402:
1387:prosthodontics
1220:Hearst papyrus
1172:dental abscess
1156:dental filling
1109: 1616–17
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1040:
1026:
1025:
1024:
994:Prosthodontics
991:
980:Periodontology
977:
967:
961:
942:
936:
933:
915:
909:
903:
893:
883:
865:
855:
849:
846:Anesthesiology
819:Main article:
816:
813:
796:Dental degrees
705:Main article:
702:
699:
679:celiac disease
658:celiac disease
577:
574:
530:
527:
499:celiac disease
471:secondary care
336:
335:
328:
325:
324:
317:
311:
310:
301:
291:
290:
288:
287:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
258:
255:
252:
251:
249:
248:
243:
240:
236:
234:
229:
226:
225:
220:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
135:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:Dental Surgeon
120:
116:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
86:
85:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6191:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6159:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6139:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6119:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6063:Public health
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6043:Allied health
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5973:
5967:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5852:Oral medicine
5850:
5848:
5847:Ophthalmology
5845:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5709:Cytopathology
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5649:Urogynecology
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5552:Endocrinology
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5021:West Virginia
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Texas A&M
4989:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4758:East Carolina
4756:
4754:
4753:Detroit Mercy
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Augusta (DCG)
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4672:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4582:organisations
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4333:United States
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:Organisations
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4196:Tooth filling
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4046:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3930:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3799:(5): 611–21.
3798:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3765:(4): 262–69.
3764:
3760:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3651:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3627:The Knife Man
3623:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3562:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3541:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3514:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3487:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3313:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3157:(3): 129–42.
3156:
3152:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:(2): 135–51.
3109:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3053:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2959:(9): e44904.
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2631:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:(4): 658–62.
2432:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2244:(3): 222–29.
2243:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2191:(3): 224–32.
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1929:(2): 135–51.
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1807:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:Gordon Guyatt
1619:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:dental braces
1514:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:tartaric acid
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1424:Thomas Browne
1410:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:Ancient Greek
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:Ancient Egypt
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:Ebers Papyrus
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1196:Homeric Hymns
1192:
1188:
1187:dental caries
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:developmental
1034:
1031:(also called
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:(also called
995:
992:
989:
985:
982:(also called
981:
978:
975:
972:(also called
971:
968:
965:
962:
960:
957:
954:
950:
946:
945:Oral medicine
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
923:
920:(also called
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
872:endodontology
870:(also called
869:
866:
863:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
842:
836:
832:
827:
822:
814:
812:
810:
806:
800:
797:
791:
789:
785:
781:
776:
771:
769:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:dental museum
734:
727:
722:
713:
708:
700:
698:
696:
695:preterm birth
692:
691:heart disease
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
659:
655:
650:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
618:
614:
611:, endodontic
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:dental caries
590:
589:oral diseases
585:
583:
575:
573:
569:
563:
557:
548:
547:Ancient Greek
544:
540:
536:
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:periodontitis
484:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:oral medicine
365:
361:
355:
351:
347:
342:
332:
322:
318:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
300:
296:
286:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
259:
253:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
235:
227:
224:
223:Dental Degree
221:
215:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
190:
186:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
145:
142:
139:
133:
129:
124:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
106:
99:
94:
82:
79:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
48:
45:This article
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
6068:Rural health
6053:Nanomedicine
5604:Rheumatology
5535: /
5454:Hand surgery
5439:Neurosurgery
5135:Saskatchewan
5074:Oral Roberts
5069:Ohio College
5064:Northwestern
4482:Orthodontics
4461:
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4128:Periodontics
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1132:Indus valley
1128:Neanderthals
1113:
1097:
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988:periodontium
984:periodontics
983:
973:
964:Orthodontics
922:oral surgery
921:
900:geriodontics
899:
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862:epidemiology
839:
831:Lappeenranta
815:Specialties
807:" (DDS) or "
801:
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772:
757:
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671:osteoporosis
663:
654:tetracycline
620:
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475:
467:primary care
440:
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367:
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354:wisdom tooth
346:oral surgeon
256:Related jobs
188:Competencies
173:Pharmacology
128:
74:
59:by removing
46:
29:
6138:Wikiproject
5927:Venereology
5872:Neonatology
5769:Dermatology
5624:Gynaecology
5616:gynaecology
5599:Pulmonology
5417:Eye surgery
5379:Specialties
4932:Puerto Rico
4886:Stony Brook
4868:New England
4848:Mississippi
4743:Connecticut
4625:Smile Train
4532:Social work
4359:Dental fear
4318:Philippines
4098:Endodontics
4090:Specialties
3191:15 December
2768:"AVDC Home"
2716:www.ada.org
2635:11 December
2603:. p. 3
2365:J Dent Educ
1985:"dentistry"
1586:(NIHL) and
1549:John Hunter
1543:(1771) and
1458:watchmakers
1437: 1656
1417: 1907
1340:Middle Ages
1333:Middle Ages
1319:written by
1311:During the
1298:astringents
1274:Phoenicians
1254:Hippocrates
1244:prosthetics
1177:An ancient
1148:Balochistan
1124:tooth decay
1102:Johann Liss
1087: 1790
974:pedodontics
926:Extractions
880:dental pulp
868:Endodontics
768:third molar
687:gum disease
639:antibiotics
529:Terminology
519:haematology
483:tooth decay
428:stomatology
400:oral mucosa
352:removing a
183:Description
153:Health care
5900:Psychiatry
5886:(PM&R)
5879:Phlebology
5867:Pediatrics
5694:Anatomical
5659:Diagnostic
5639:Obstetrics
5589:Nephrology
5574:Hematology
5569:Geriatrics
5562:Hepatology
5547:Cardiology
5537:Immunology
5251:Queensland
5241:James Cook
5049:Georgetown
5011:Washington
4902:Ohio State
4838:Midwestern
4808:Louisville
4803:Loma Linda
4714:California
4600:Interplast
4522:Psychology
4517:Psychiatry
4497:Pediatrics
4306:By country
4034:21 October
3496:"Toothkey"
3453:0786451343
3224:3 November
2696:21 October
2691:cda-adc.ca
2658:Purdue.edu
2348:13 January
2267:(Review).
2240:(Review).
2206:10447/1671
2187:(Review).
2103:21 October
2020:(Review).
1873:1 February
1843:11 January
1828:(Report).
1808:References
1785:physicians
1783:more than
1636:and other
1372:dental key
1344:physicians
1325:Al-Zahrawi
1294:emollients
1183:tooth worm
1158:, made of
1152:bow drills
1069:See also:
784:John Tomes
613:root canal
605:extraction
591:which are
543:odontology
523:cardiology
232:employment
161:Physiology
141:Profession
108:Occupation
6179:Dentistry
6088:Physician
5972:education
5830:Neurology
5825:Narcology
5689:Pathology
5667:Radiology
5542:Angiology
5506:Andrology
5309:Kyungpook
5304:Kyung Hee
5221:Melbourne
5188:Newcastle
5183:Liverpool
5110:Dalhousie
4972:Tennessee
4937:Rochester
4843:Minnesota
4818:Marquette
4798:Lake Erie
4748:Creighton
4507:Physician
4467:Dietetics
4462:Dentistry
4457:Audiology
4082:Dentistry
4002:0022-0337
3959:1930-7837
3746:(3): 6–9.
3523:"Forceps"
3469:"Pelican"
3074:0007-5140
3045:9 January
2916:0028-0836
2538:1476-5373
2339:"History"
2325:958458166
2223:205776755
1464:and even
1356:infection
1270:Etruscans
1258:Aristotle
1252:scholars
1140:Neolithic
1136:Stone Age
949:diagnosis
643:sedatives
556:romanized
515:radiology
449:(such as
396:dentition
388:diagnosis
360:Dentistry
264:Physician
246:Hospitals
230:Fields of
165:Pathology
91:Dentistry
55:. Please
53:talk page
6173:Category
6118:Category
5594:Oncology
5525:medicine
5523:Internal
5371:Medicine
5324:Wonkwang
5246:La Trobe
5226:Adelaide
5163:Aberdeen
5130:Montréal
5120:Manitoba
5016:WesternU
4907:Oklahoma
4833:Michigan
4793:Kentucky
4738:Columbia
4733:Colorado
4472:Genetics
4342:See also
4010:18250379
3967:22262547
3863:11326443
3819:Archived
3815:18057804
3771:12592917
3710:Osha.gov
3356:18 April
3246:18 April
3163:24665522
3082:44442797
3017:Archived
2993:23028670
2953:PLOS ONE
2934:NBC News
2800:18 April
2774:18 April
2726:12 March
2546:16215593
2496:16562330
2447:17368360
2412:16886872
2385:18172239
2277:20478800
2265:Gen Dent
2250:20478802
2238:Gen Dent
2215:18223505
2140:cite web
2098:aacd.com
2050:25810982
1896:BBC News
1661:See also
1588:tinnitus
1462:jewelers
1321:Avicenna
1278:dentures
1179:Sumerian
1164:Slovenia
1144:Mehrgarh
1142:site of
1021:microtia
1002:Dentures
959:diseases
930:implants
765:impacted
675:diabetes
637:such as
631:dentures
539:dentiste
513:include
507:HIV/AIDS
495:diabetes
420:medicine
392:diseases
372:medicine
299:ICD-9-CM
283:various
169:Medicine
6158:Outline
6128:Commons
6073:Therapy
5970:Medical
5533:Allergy
5501:Urology
5394:Surgery
5294:Dankook
5284:Chonnam
5279:Chonbuk
5173:Glasgow
5145:Western
5140:Toronto
5100:Alberta
4942:Rutgers
4882:Buffalo
4828:Meharry
4783:Indiana
4768:Harvard
4763:Florida
4699:Arizona
4637:(China)
3898:1404801
3643:8 March
3533:23 June
3506:23 June
3479:23 June
3385:2694433
3279:29 June
3124:2129621
2984:3446997
2961:Bibcode
2857:21 July
2827:1 March
2752:13 July
2607:5 April
2578:2 March
2487:1251639
2041:4366984
1945:2129621
1466:barbers
1454:surgeon
1426:in his
1381:Dental
1364:pelican
1348:Barbers
1331:of the
1329:surgeon
1282:Hesy-Ra
1266:bridges
1262:forceps
1160:beeswax
1120:farming
1065:History
1006:bridges
956:mucosal
890:dentist
835:Finland
761:Israeli
666:hygiene
627:bridges
570:
558::
535:dentist
443:dentist
412:dentist
321:D003813
177:Surgery
157:Anatomy
119:Dentist
6148:Portal
6015:MD–PhD
5329:Yonsei
5289:Chosun
5216:Sydney
5125:McGill
5084:Wash U
5059:Loyola
5054:Harris
4912:Oregon
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4323:Israel
4313:Canada
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1564:year,
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1138:. The
693:, and
683:cancer
623:crowns
545:(from
505:, and
503:cancer
461:, and
382:, and
125:Doctor
5730:Other
5319:Seoul
5314:Pusan
5115:Laval
5039:Emory
5001:Tufts
4977:Texas
4962:Touro
3822:(PDF)
3789:(PDF)
3692:NIDCD
3674:(PDF)
3663:(PDF)
3218:(PDF)
3211:(PDF)
3131:(PDF)
3100:(PDF)
3078:JSTOR
2665:(PDF)
2654:(PDF)
2626:(PDF)
2219:S2CID
2170:(PDF)
2163:(PDF)
1837:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1766:Notes
1596:NIOSH
1521:linen
1509:ivory
1478:sugar
1286:Roman
1191:Egypt
1168:Malta
1050:Team.
562:odoĂşs
551:ὀδούς
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376:teeth
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113:Names
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4722:UCSF
4718:UCLA
4036:2019
4006:PMID
3998:ISSN
3963:PMID
3955:ISSN
3924:2021
3894:PMID
3859:PMID
3811:PMID
3767:PMID
3645:2012
3632:ISBN
3568:2015
3555:ISBN
3535:2018
3508:2018
3481:2018
3448:ISBN
3423:ISBN
3381:PMID
3358:2010
3326:ISBN
3307:2014
3281:2016
3248:2010
3226:2014
3193:2007
3159:PMID
3120:PMID
3070:ISSN
3047:2007
2989:PMID
2912:ISSN
2881:2017
2859:2015
2829:2016
2802:2010
2776:2010
2754:2020
2728:2019
2698:2019
2673:2018
2637:2007
2609:2017
2580:2010
2542:PMID
2534:ISSN
2492:PMID
2443:PMID
2408:PMID
2381:PMID
2350:2016
2321:OCLC
2311:ISBN
2273:PMID
2246:PMID
2211:PMID
2146:link
2132:2017
2105:2019
2080:2017
2046:PMID
1996:2018
1971:2021
1941:PMID
1904:2010
1875:2014
1845:2017
1525:silk
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1490:gums
1352:pain
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1256:and
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953:oral
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4873:NYU
4694:UAB
3990:doi
3947:doi
3886:doi
3882:268
3849:doi
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3112:doi
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2969:doi
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2900:440
2526:doi
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