Big Raven Plateau - Knowledge (XXG)

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ridge composed of agglutinated Kakiddi spatter and breccia from which a largely buried lava flow extends westward onto the gently sloping surface of the Big Raven Plateau. Erosional remnants of thick Kakiddi lava flows and pyroclastic rocks to the east occur on Ice Peak and in deeply incised valleys on the eastern side of the plateau; lava flow remnants on Ice Peak overlie older volcanic rocks of the Ice Peak Formation. The remnants on Ice Peak originated from a vent near its summit while those in the adjacent valleys originated from unknown vents, although Nanook Dome on the summit of Mount Edziza may have been a major source which consists of similar Edziza Formation trachyte. Trachyte flows of the Kakiddi Formation erupted more fluidly than those of the Edziza Formation as evidenced by their greater extant on gently sloping

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roughly 366-metre-high (1,201-foot) trachyte dome whose base is slightly more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) wide. Unlike other domes of the Pyramid Formation which have been either buried under younger lavas or greatly modified by erosion, The Pyramid has only been moderately eroded and is completely isolated from adjacent rocks. Sphinx Dome is a partially buried rhyolite dome adjacent to The Pyramid whose southern edge has been largely destroyed by headward stream erosion. Isolated remnants of the rhyolitic

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series of scattered outcrops; much of the lobe is buried under colluvium deposits and younger lava flows. The source of this lobe was probably a pyroclastic cone that has been eroded to a low grassy hill 1,220 metres (4,000 feet) in elevation. Klastline Cone on the eastern side of the Big Raven Plateau near the head of Pyramid Creek was the main source of Klastline Formation lava flows in the Klastline River valley which have been reduced to small

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crudely bedded and comprises much of the lower and central portions of the ridge. Overlying the tuff breccia is an outer mantle of tubular pillow lava and subaerial lava flows; the pillow lava occurs at the northwestern and southeastern ends of Pillow Ridge while the subaerial lava flows occur only at the southeastern end. In contrast, Tsekone Ridge consists of a lower and central unit of tuff breccia and an upper unit of fractured, closely

1438: 740:, drain the southwestern and western portions of the plateau, respectively. Elwyn Creek and Taweh Creek are tributaries of Mess Creek which flows northwestward into the Stikine River. The northern end of the Big Raven Plateau is drained by small, unnamed streams which flow north into the Klastline River; these streams are shallowly incised into the plateau. At the southern end of the Big Raven Plateau is a 1751:

River Trail traverses northwest along the Klastline River for about 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) and then crosses the river north of the Big Raven Plateau. From there, the Klastline River Trail traverses west for about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) to the northeastern end of Buckley Lake where it meets with the Buckley Lake Trail and Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route junction.

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Edziza's ice cap and occur at elevations greater than 1,800 metres (5,900 feet). Although most of the lava in the Snowshoe Lava Field ponded as thick flows on the gently sloping surface of the Big Raven Plateau, some flowed into the upper canyon of Sezill Creek and into the head of Taweh Creek, as well as into the narrow tributary valleys of Walkout and Shaman creeks.

4193: 74: 1726:. The climate is characterized by warm summers and cold, snowy winters; temperatures are warmest in mid-summer during the day when they may hit the 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) range. However, temperatures can drop below freezing during summer nights, making snow or freezing rain a possibility at any time of the year. 917:; spires forming the southern end of the ridge are the highest. Although the eastern side of Mount Edziza has been deeply dissected by glacial erosion, less dissection has taken place on the southern and northwestern flanks of the volcano. Extending northwest from the northwestern flank of Mount Edziza is 1170:. These lava flows travelled westward into the ancestral valley of Mess Creek while those exposed on and around Cartoona Ridge at the southeastern end of the Big Raven Plateau most likely issued from a smaller volcanic centre northeast of the Raspberry shield. A minimum age for the timing of Raspberry 1670:

founded in 1972 to showcase the volcanic landscape. This remote wilderness area of northwestern British Columbia is not accessible by motorized vehicles to help protect the very sensitive environment. Instead, access is mainly via aircraft or unmaintained hiking trails that cross creeks. Mount Edziza

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and trachyte of the upper assemblage are in the form of lava flows, domes and pyroclastic breccia. They comprise the summit of Ice Peak and are exposed to the south and northeast along the southeastern and eastern sides of the Big Raven Plateau. Ornostay and Koosick bluffs on the western flank of Ice

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compositions. They were highly fluid and mobile at the time of their eruption as evidenced by their extreme persistence and relatively narrow thicknesses; individual basalt flows are normally less than 3 metres (9.8 feet) thick. The source of these flows was probably a cluster of vents further to the

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on the Stewart–Cassiar Highway. It extends northwest and west along the Klastline River for much its length. The trail enters Mount Edziza Provincial Park at about 25 kilometres (16 miles) where Kakiddi Creek drains into the Klastline River. After entering Mount Edziza Provincial Park, the Klastline

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twigs preserved within tephra from Williams Cone, the youngest pyroclastic cone in the Desolation Lava Field. Kana Cone is an isolated pyroclastic cone on the extreme northern slope of the plateau and is the northernmost occurrence of Big Raven Formation alkali basalt and hawaiite; it was the source

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The 0.3-million-year-old Kakiddi Formation occurs east and west of Tencho Glacier on the southern flank of Ice Peak, consisting mainly of trachyte in the form of pyroclastic rocks and lava flows. Punch Cone on the southwestern flank of Ice Peak is a roughly 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) long, steep-sided

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Exposures of the 1.1-million year-old Pyramid Formation are limited only to the northeastern, eastern and southeastern ends of the Big Raven Plateau where it is in the form of rhyolite and trachyte domes, flows and pyroclastic breccia. The Pyramid at the northeastern end of the plateau consists of a

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that provide access to the Big Raven Plateau. From Telegraph Creek, the Buckley Lake Trail extends about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) southeast along Mess Creek and Three Mile Lake. It then traverses about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) northeast along Dagaichess Creek and Stinking Lake to the northeastern

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with gravel. Alkali basalt of the Gamma Peak eruptive centre is in the form of lava flows, tuff breccia and pillow lava which occur in the upper canyon of Elwyn Creek at the northwestern end of the Big Raven Plateau and overlie alkali basalt of the lower unit at the southeastern end of the plateau.

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of the Nido Formation comprising the Big Raven Plateau. It consists of basaltic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks which were erupted 4.4 million years ago from three major volcanoes and several smaller eruptive centres; these eruptive centres have since been deeply dissected by erosion. A lower unit

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The Snowshoe Lava Field at the southern end of the Big Raven Plateau consists of blocky basaltic lava flows that issued from at least 12 separate vents, most of which are associated with a cinder cone. Nearly all of these vents are adjacent to the lower edges of broad glaciers projecting from Mount

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which range in elevation from 2,135 to 1,430 metres (7,005 to 4,692 feet). Williams Cone is the largest, reaching 1.2 kilometres (0.75 miles) wide at its base and rising about 275 metres (902 feet) on the northeastern side of Mount Edziza. Eve Cone contains a bowl-shaped crater at its summit and is

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Basaltic lava flows of the 6.3-million-year-old Armadillo Formation are exposed in Kadeya Creek canyon on the northwestern side of the Big Raven Plateau, in Sezill Creek canyon on the western side of the plateau and along the Mess Creek Escarpment on the southwestern side of the plateau where they

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has an elevation of 2,500 metres (8,200 feet) and is the glacially eroded remains of an older stratovolcano whose northern flank is buried under the younger edifice of Mount Edziza. The southern and western flanks of Ice Peak are approximal to those of the original stratovolcano while the eastern

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The Klastline Formation consists of the remains of thick alkali basalt flows that issued from at least three vents on the northern and eastern sides of the Big Raven Plateau 0.62 million years ago. A lobe of alkali basalt extends eastward from the northern end of the plateau to Buckley Lake as a

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The Ice Peak Formation is the most compositionally diverse geological formation of the Big Raven Plateau, having mostly erupted from the Ice Peak stratovolcano about one million years ago. Most of the Ice Peak rocks are subdivided into two distinct stratigraphic units called the lower and upper

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The Big Raven Plateau is dominated by the ice-covered stratovolcano of Mount Edziza which rises to an elevation of 2,786 metres (9,140 feet) from the middle of the plateau. Immediately north of Mount Edziza is the Desolation Lava Field which covers an area of more than 150 square kilometres (58

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The Big Raven Plateau is roughly oval in structure and relatively barren of vegetation which contrasts with the surrounding valleys. In contrast to the northern end of the plateau which is relatively smooth and uneroded, the eastern side has undergone extensive erosion which has resulted in the

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Satellitic domes of the Edziza Formation include Glacier Dome on the lower northeastern flank of Mount Edziza, Triangle Dome on the upper western flank of Mount Edziza and Nanook Dome on the southwestern rim of the summit crater, the latter of which is the largest dome of the Edziza Formation.

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The 0.9-million-year-old Pillow Ridge Formation is limited to Pillow Ridge and Tsekone Ridge at the northern end of the Big Raven Plateau. Pillow Ridge consists of alkali basalt that is in the form of tuff breccia, pillow breccia, pillow lava and minor subaerial lava flows. The tuff breccia is

1758:. Buckley Lake to the northwest, Nuttlude Lake to the east and Kakiddi Lake, Mowchilla Lake and Mowdade Lake to the southeast are large enough to be used by float-equipped aircraft. Landing on Buckley Lake and Mowchilla Lake with a private aircraft requires a letter of authorization from the 1154:

The Raspberry Formation is exposed at the base of prominent escarpments on the western, southwestern and southeastern sides of the Big Raven Plateau. It has an elevation of less than 1,310 metres (4,300 feet) along the Mess Creek Escarpment and consists of flat-lying basaltic lava flows

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The Edziza Formation is a 0.9-million-year-old trachyte formation mainly comprising the younger central stratovolcano of Mount Edziza and satellitic domes. The stratovolcano overlies the northern flank of the older Ice Peak stratovolcano and consists of pyroclastic breccia as well as

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Alkali basalt and hawaiite of the Big Raven Formation is widespread at the northern and southern ends of the Big Raven Plateau; the largest occurrence at the northern end is the Desolation Lava Field while the largest occurrence at the southern end is the Snowshoe Lava Field. A

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behind which Nuttlude Lake, Kakiddi Lake, Mowdade Lake and Mowchilla Lake have ponded. Nido Creek and Tennaya Creek flow into Nuttlude Lake while Sorcery Creek and Shaman Creek flow into Kakiddi Lake. Both lakes are expansions of Kakiddi Creek which flows north into the

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Provincal Park covers 266,180 hectares (657,700 acres), making it one of the largest provincial parks in British Columbia. Hunting, camping, fishing, hiking, wildlife viewing and nature studying are some of the activities available in Mount Edziza Provincial Park.

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flank has been almost completely destroyed by headward erosion of glacial valleys. At its climax, the stratovolcano had a symmetrical profile and contained a small crater at its summit; the current summit is an erosional remnant etched from the eastern crater rim.

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vent breccia of the central conduit which is overlain by the remains of at least four lava lakes that ponded inside the summit crater. Each lava lake has a thickness of around 30 metres (98 feet) and are represented by at least four distinct cooling units.

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that erupted from at least 10 cinder cones, most of which are clustered near the northern base of Mount Edziza. Lava flows in the Desolation Lava Field range in elevation from more than 1,370 metres (4,490 feet) to 820 metres (2,690 feet) on the shore of

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and 670 metres (2,200 feet) inside the Klastline River valley. The largest lava flow is about 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) long and travelled to the northeast into the Kakiddi Creek and Klastline River valleys where it temporarily blocked both streams.

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pyroclastic breccias and andesite lava domes and flows. All of these Eocene rocks are part of the Sloko Group and were emplaced by the youngest documented magmatic event before the Mount Edziza volcanic complex started erupting in the Late Miocene.

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which are in the form of subaerial lava flows and pyroclastic breccia, as well as tuff breccia, pillow lava and pillow breccia that formed in an ice-contact environment. It is widespread throughout the Big Raven Plateau but is largely buried under

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which exists to the northwest. Sorcery Ridge, which shares its name with adjacent Sorcery Creek, extends east from the southern end of Tencho Glacier. Cartoona Ridge lies between Chakima and Shaman creek valleys and shares its name with

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Hungerford, Jefferson D. G.; Edwards, Benjamin R.; Skilling, Ian P.; Cameron, Barry I. (2014). "Evolution of a subglacial basaltic lava flow field: Tennena volcanic center, Mount Edziza volcanic complex, British Columbia, Canada".

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Mount Edziza is a nearly symmetrical volcanic cone containing a nearly flat summit with an ice-filled, 2-kilometre (1.2-mile) in diameter crater. The symmetry of the volcano is broken by several steep-sided lava domes, including

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Cunha, Regina L.; Lopes, Evandro P.; Reis, Davide M.; Castilho, Rita (2011). "Genetic structure of Brachidontes puniceus populations in Cape Verde archipelago shows signature of expansion during the last glacial maximum".

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Peak consist of thick lobes of trachyte of the upper assemblage and project onto the Big Raven Plateau. Both bluffs are similar in composition and owe their thickness from the ponding of trachyte lava against glacial ice.

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Glacier Dome was the source of a lava flow that travelled along the northern side of Pyramid Creek valley while Nanook Dome may have been the source of one or two of the lava lakes inside the summit crater. An unnamed

1544:. The rocks of this terrane are exposed along the western side of the plateau in Mess Creek valley, the southern side of the plateau in Walkout and Chakima creek valleys, at the extreme northern end of the plateau as 1082:, each being the product of a distinct period of volcanic activity. These periods of volcanic activity occurred during five magmatic cycles of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex; each cycle began with the effusion of 1262:

occur along the eastern and southeastern ends of the Big Raven Plateau between Tennaya Creek in the north and Cartoona Ridge in the south. A series of basaltic lava flows up to 65 metres (213 feet) thick overlies a

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are three isolated occurrences of Big Raven Formation alkali basalt on the eastern flank of Mount Edziza, the latter two of which are on the high eastern rim of Ice Peak and have been significantly modified by

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on the northwestern flank of Mount Edziza produced two trachyte flows that travelled onto the gently sloping surface of the Big Raven Plateau; they are both largely buried under ash and colluvium deposits.

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end of Buckley Lake where it meets with the Klastline River Trail and the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route, the latter of which climbs up onto the gently sloping northern side of the Big Raven Plateau.

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with recorded water temperatures of 36 degrees Celsius (97 degrees Fahrenheit) and 46 degrees Celsius (115 degrees Fahrenheit), respectively. Discharge at these hot springs may be linked to shallow

845:. The Snowshoe Lava Field immediately southwest of Mount Edziza covers an area of about 40 square kilometres (15 square miles) and mostly issued from cones on the southwestern flank of Ice Peak. 848:

Smaller features on the Big Raven Plateau include Hoia Bluff at the southwestern end of the plateau along Taweh Creek, Kaia Bluff and Cartoona Peak at the southeastern end of the plateau,

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on the extreme southern slope of the Big Raven Plateau consist of the remains of two small cinder cones and associated alkali basalt flows on the northern side of Walkout Creek valley.

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by stream erosion which has resulted in the formation of steep-sided canyons; Elwyn, Sezill and Taweh creek canyons are the most extensive. Elwyn and Sezill creek canyons contain

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are the only named volcanic features in the Snowshoe Lava Field which are 2,350 to 1,920 metres (7,710 to 6,300 feet) in elevation. The oldest named feature, Tennena Cone, is a

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which flows to the northeast. Draining the eastern side of the plateau are a series of east-flowing streams choaked with glacial and landslide debris from rapidly eroding

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Edwards, Benjamin R.; Russell, James K. (2000). "Distribution, nature, and origin of Neogene–Quaternary magmatism in the northern Cordilleran volcanic province, Canada".

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overlie basaltic lava flows of the Raspberry Formation. Armadillo basalt flows form up to 180-metre-thick (590-foot) units at these locations and are interbedded with

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reporting purposes, including Keda Cone, Sidas Cone, Kana Cone, Tennena Cone, Hoia Bluff, Kaia Bluff, Ornostay Bluff, Koosick Bluff, Cartoona Peak and Tsekone Ridge.

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eruptive centres are exposed on Sorcery Ridge and Idiji Ridge on the southwestern side of the plateau. They are in the form of lava flows, agglutinate, flow breccia,

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to the southeast and the Telegraph Creek Road to the northwest, both of which extend within 40 kilometres (25 miles) of the plateau. Extending from these roads are

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An isolated occurrence of Ice Peak Formation rocks on the Big Raven Plateau forms Camp Hill which consists of basaltic tuff breccia, pillow breccia, lava flows and

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one of the most symmetrical and best preserved cinder cones in Canada, rising about 150 metres (490 feet) above the central portion of the Desolation Lava Field.

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Cartoona Peak and Kaia Bluff at the southeastern end of the Big Raven Plateau both consist of alkali basalt erupted from the Gamma Peak eruptive centre.

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Stikine Senior Park Ranger. Private aircraft are prohibited from landing on lava flows that are 1,700 metres (5,500 feet) in elevation or higher.

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The Big Raven Plateau can also be accessed by float plane or helicopter, both of which are available for charter at the communities of Iskut and

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heat as they are adjacent to recently active volcanic centres on the plateau. Forming the southwestern boundary of the Big Raven Plateau is the

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with intervening valleys. A handful of these spurs are named on the southeastern side of the Big Raven Plateau; from north to south they are

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and along the eastern side of the plateau where they comprise the lower units of Idiji Ridge, Sorcery Ridge and other neighbouring ridges.

1107: 4003: 732:, drain the northwestern portion of the plateau; Elwyn Creek flows westward while Kadeya Creek flows to the northwest. Northwest-flowing 1904: 50: 4131:; Harakal, J. (1984). "Chronology of the peralkaline, late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, northern British Columbia, Canada". 2817: 4775: 2117: 753: 543:, trachyte and rhyolite which are in the form of lava flows and rock fragments. The Big Raven Plateau is subdivided into at least 10 301: 4114: 1982: 1224:

is exposed at the southern, southeastern and southwestern ends of the Big Raven Plateau where it is in the form of lava flows, flow

98: 452:. The plateau is drained by many small streams that flow into these neighbouring valleys and, unlike the valleys, it is relatively 913:

are exposed inside the crater. The ridge is partially exposed above the ice cap as a discontinuous series of spires and serrated

3930: 3899: 3837: 3775: 3744: 3682: 2786: 2649: 2435: 2404: 2347: 1114:. The fifth, sixth and seventh oldest geological formations comprising the Big Raven Plateau are the Ice Peak, Pillow Ridge and 3868: 3806: 3713: 3651: 2478: 2316: 1802: 974: 2680: 709:. Transportation of the glacial and landslide debris into Kakiddi Creek valley has resulted in the formation of several large 5197: 4479: 1545: 898: 3974: 1061:

between 12,900 and 11,600 years ago or during a more recent glacial advance. Cocoa Crater, Coffee Crater and Keda Cone are

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deposit of unconsolidated comenditic trachyte pumice obscuring much of the surficial details of the Snowshoe Lava Field.

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which extends at least 25 kilometres (16 miles) to the south where it forms the western boundary of the Kitsu Plateau.

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deposit of trachytic composition south and east of The Pyramid, both of which are also part of the Pyramid Formation.

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and ash flow deposits. These rocks are well exposed in 850-metre-high (2,790-foot) cliffs along the northern side of

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which fed the tuff breccia and pillow lava comprising the ridge. Pillow Ridge and Tsekone Ridge are both products of

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cinder cones while The Saucer is a low, nearly circular mound of lava roughly 500 metres (1,600 feet) in diameter.

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About 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) south of the summit is Ice Peak, the southern peak of Mount Edziza. This prominent

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This roughly 35-kilometre-long (22-mile) and 20-kilometre-wide (12-mile) plateau lies at the northern end of the

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As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, the Big Raven Plateau is drained entirely by streams within the

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plateaus, as well as the Spectrum Range to the south. This volcanic complex consists of a group of overlapping

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is exposed in Elwyn Creek canyon at the northwestern end of the Big Raven Plateau, as are Eocene rhyolite,

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where an active cirque has eroded the eastern side of the volcano. Exposed at the head of this cirque is

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To the east, the roughly 50-kilometre-long (31-mile) Klastline River Trail begins at the community of

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reaching an elevation of 2,786 metres (9,140 feet). Its composition is more diverse, consisting of

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valley while the southern end is bounded by two relatively small east–west trending valleys; a

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in British Columbia. Access to the Big Raven Plateau is mainly by aircraft or by a network of

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between 23,000 and 18,000 years ago, under an expansion of Mount Edziza's ice cap during the

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of hawaiitic composition. All of the Tsekone Ridge units are cut by vertical north-trending

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valley which extends more than 60 kilometres (37 miles) to the south where it separates the

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Glaciovolcanism on Earth and Mars: Products, Processes and Palaeoenvironmental Significance

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The Desolation Lava Field at the northern end of the Big Raven Plateau consists of blocky

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between 7.5 and 6 million years ago. Overlying these two geological formations are the

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in the east. Between the Big Raven and Klastline plateaus is the north–south trending

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magma. The two oldest geological formations comprising the Big Raven Plateau are the

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on the eastern and western sides of the plateau, resulting in the creation of rugged

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bluffs near the middle of the plateau adjacent to the head of Sezill Creek canyon.

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of lava flows that forced the Klastline River against the northern valley wall.

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assemblages. The lower assemblage consists of alkali basalt, hawaiite and minor

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Satellite image of the Big Raven Plateau showing the locations of Mount Edziza,

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at the northwestern end of the plateau near the head of Elwyn Creek canyon and

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formations which were deposited between 6 and 1 million years ago during the

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As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, the Big Raven Plateau is

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between about 1 and 0.8 million years ago. Volcanic eruptions during the

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that were erupted in the last 7.5 million years. These lava flows are

4692: 1719: 1691: 1598: 1587: 1563: 1454: 1328: 1187: 1160: 1087: 962: 906: 565: 488: 457: 837:

square miles) and mostly issued from cinder cones near the northern

547:, each being the product of a distinct period of volcanic activity. 4105: 2985:

Fiedel, S. J. (2011). "The mysterious onset of the Younger Dryas".

2163: 2126: 646:

that have formed over the last 7.5 million years. It contains four

4555: 1747: 1711: 1675: 1649: 1575: 1436: 1413: 1382: 1371: 1274: 1145: 940: 824: 810: 677:. The northeastern portion of the Big Raven Plateau is drained by 650:

along its north–south trending axis; from north to south they are

616: 461: 1098:

formations which were deposited by volcanic eruptions during the

3092: 3090: 1695: 1579: 1237: 576:. Between the Zagoddetchino massif and the Big Raven Plateau is 507:

which are in the form of rock fragments produced and ejected by

4919: 4207: 1703: 1053:

that formed on the upper western flank of Ice Peak during the

797:

The western side of the Big Raven Plateau has been moderately

619:

extends south of the Big Raven Plateau between these valleys.

3606:

10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1280:dnaoon>2.0.co;2

3077: 3075: 2224: 2222: 2144:

Teit, James A. (1919). Boas, Franz (ed.). "Tahltan Tales".

905:

is a circular ridge that is breached to the east by active

1614:

The name of the plateau was adopted 2 January 1980 on the

1486:

and glaciation. The Big Raven Formation also includes the

4151:

10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<337:COTPLC>2.0.CO;2

4068: 4066: 4064: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3349: 3347: 3334: 3332: 3278: 3276: 3038: 3036: 3034: 2860: 2858: 2769: 2767: 2592: 2590: 2588: 1586:

which are exposed along the western side of the plateau.

432:

and is surrounded by several valleys, including those of

3143: 3141: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2110:

Geology, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia

1906:

Telegraph Creek, Cassiar Land District, British Columbia

1376:

Mount Edziza as seen from Mount Glenora in the northwest

1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1086:

and culminated with the eruption of lesser volumes of

1634:

mythology whose name translates to Tse'sketco in the

1078:

The Big Raven Plateau is subdivided into at least 10

1970:

Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada

1319:

Alkali basalt, trachybasalt, tristanite, mugearite,

1126:

between 0.8 and 0.2 million years ago deposited the

781:. Idiji Ridge extends east from the northern end of 5156: 5138: 5110: 5040: 4961: 4887: 4834: 4691: 4658: 4635: 4612: 4554: 4526: 4498: 4450: 4417: 4384: 4241: 1734:The closest roads to the Big Raven Plateau are the 600:valley which includes a number small lakes such as 511:. The dominant feature on the Big Raven Plateau is 371: 320: 310: 292: 282: 274: 266: 258: 253: 239: 226: 184: 174: 164: 154: 144: 129: 32: 4099:(Report). Memoir 420. Canada Communication Group. 1662:The Big Raven Plateau lies at the northern end of 981:From oldest to youngest, the cinder cones in this 456:. Stream erosion has resulted in the creation of 3295:Smellie, John L.; Edwards, Benjamin R. (2016). 4905:Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex 3514: 3132: 3108: 3096: 2947:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 4931: 4219: 1444:in the Snowshoe Lava Field from the northwest 856:on the extreme northern side of the plateau, 748:, flowing east into the Kakiddi drainage and 8: 1658:is visible as a small dark hill to the right 860:on the eastern side of the plateau near the 4038: 4036: 4034: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1453:of 1340 ± 130 years has been obtained from 1118:formations which were deposited during the 852:near the southwestern edge of the plateau, 4938: 4924: 4916: 4226: 4212: 4204: 3573: 3571: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 1551:Also underlying the Big Raven Plateau are 29: 4104: 2125: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1967:Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, Jürgen (1990). 1911:Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1654:Panoramic view of the Big Raven Plateau; 1286:bluffs are part of the Ice Peak Formation 73: 4047:. Mussio Ventures. pp. 88, 89, 96. 736:and its tributary, the westward-flowing 626:which also includes the Arctic Lake and 55:Satellite image of the Big Raven Plateau 4072: 3638: 3626: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3449: 3437: 3425: 3413: 3401: 3389: 3377: 3365: 3353: 3338: 3323: 3282: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3147: 3120: 3081: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3025: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2849: 2773: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2596: 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2465: 2251: 2228: 2213: 2112:. 1:50,000. Cartography by M. Sigouin, 1941: 1783: 319: 309: 291: 281: 273: 252: 225: 163: 128: 59: 47: 4134:Geological Society of America Bulletin 3581:Geological Society of America Bulletin 2609: 2607: 2605: 2139: 2137: 1618:map 104G after being submitted to the 921:which is named after its exposures of 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 2818:"Stikine volcanic belt: Mount Edziza" 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 794:at the westernmost end of the ridge. 370: 270:Approximately 20 km (12 mi) 265: 262:Approximately 35 km (22 mi) 257: 238: 183: 173: 153: 143: 7: 2615:"Edziza: Synonyms & Subfeatures" 2186:"Geographical Names Board of Canada" 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1772:List of plateaus in British Columbia 27:Plateau in British Columbia, Canada 2118:Energy, Mines and Resources Canada 957:craters in the Snowshoe Lava Field 25: 1130:and Kadiddi formations while the 4191: 2964:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.09.012 685:; from north to south these are 560:The Big Raven Plateau is on the 278:Above 910 m (3,000 ft) 72: 65: 49: 2822:Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes 1215:The Tenchen Member is the only 965:lava flows and wind-sculptured 3975:"Mount Edziza Provincial Park" 1674:Wildlife in the area includes 1150:Snow-covered Big Raven Plateau 1: 4235:Mount Edziza volcanic complex 4143:Geological Society of America 4043:Mussio, Russell, ed. (2018). 3590:Geological Society of America 2510:"Edziza: General Information" 1244:and pillow breccia which are 909:where the remains of several 624:Mount Edziza volcanic complex 493:Mount Edziza volcanic complex 170:7.5 million years and younger 4180:Geographical Names Data Base 4045:Northern BC Backroad Mapbook 3005:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.02.044 2905:Journal of Molluscan Studies 2828:. 2009-04-01. Archived from 2147:Journal of American Folklore 1664:Mount Edziza Provincial Park 1540:of North America during the 1220:of alkali basalt with minor 568:and west of the mountainous 472:which is one of the largest 470:Mount Edziza Provincial Park 405:Mount Edziza Provincial Park 315:Mount Edziza Provincial Park 86:Location in British Columbia 4096:Geological Survey of Canada 2114:Geological Survey of Canada 1624:Geological Survey of Canada 1616:National Topographic System 809:systems driven by residual 551:Geography and geomorphology 5219: 3301:Cambridge University Press 1975:Cambridge University Press 1174:is 7.4–6.2 million years. 1138:in the last 20,000 years. 564:east of the Zagoddetchino 248:Victoria, British Columbia 3565:, pp. 214, 226, 228. 2725:, pp. 213, 214, 216. 2558:, pp. 214, 228, 229. 2156:American Folklore Society 901:. Surrounding the summit 483:The Big Raven Plateau is 428:, Canada. It lies on the 402: 288:Less than 2,000 years ago 94: 60: 48: 39: 4185:Natural Resources Canada 4009:Global Volcanism Program 3368:, pp. 33, 175, 267. 2988:Quaternary International 2826:Natural Resources Canada 2620:Global Volcanism Program 2546:, pp. 26, 213, 214. 2515:Global Volcanism Program 662:and the Spectrum Range. 480:from surrounding roads. 4014:Smithsonian Institution 4004:"Edziza: Photo Gallery" 3162:, pp. 93, 94, 267. 3123:, pp. 49, 83, 267. 3057:, pp. 1, 267, 276. 2914:Oxford University Press 2625:Smithsonian Institution 2520:Smithsonian Institution 1736:Stewart–Cassiar Highway 785:and is the namesake of 487:, consisting mostly of 4864:Little Iskut Formation 1913:. 1989. Archived from 1659: 1445: 1391:hydrothermally altered 1377: 1335:Pillow Ridge Formation 1287: 1151: 958: 833: 722:of the Stikine River. 114:57.71361°N 130.75167°W 5198:Pleistocene volcanism 4900:Mess Creek Escarpment 4836:Geological formations 4508:Desolation Lava Field 4371:Walkout Creek centres 3936:BC Geographical Names 3905:BC Geographical Names 3874:BC Geographical Names 3843:BC Geographical Names 3812:BC Geographical Names 3781:BC Geographical Names 3750:BC Geographical Names 3719:BC Geographical Names 3688:BC Geographical Names 3657:BC Geographical Names 2922:10.1093/mollus/eyr001 2792:BC Geographical Names 2686:BC Geographical Names 2655:BC Geographical Names 2484:BC Geographical Names 2441:BC Geographical Names 2410:BC Geographical Names 2384:BC Geographical Names 2353:BC Geographical Names 2322:BC Geographical Names 2296:BC Geographical Names 2270:BC Geographical Names 1977:. pp. 124, 125. 1808:BC Geographical Names 1653: 1620:BC Geographical Names 1463:Walkout Creek centres 1440: 1375: 1278: 1149: 1124:fourth magmatic cycle 1112:second magmatic cycle 1080:geological formations 944: 937:Desolation Lava Field 829:The summit crater of 828: 815:Mess Creek Escarpment 588:in the west from the 574:Cassiar Land District 545:geological formations 422:Cassiar Land District 244:BC Geographical Names 134:Cassiar Land District 18:Desolation Lava Field 4513:Mess Lake Lava Field 4386:Subglacial volcanoes 4200:at Wikimedia Commons 3553:, pp. 214, 234. 3541:, pp. 214, 224. 3529:, pp. 223, 224. 3481:, pp. 207, 267. 3452:, pp. 191, 267. 3440:, pp. 177, 179. 3428:, pp. 179, 183. 3416:, pp. 179, 181. 3392:, pp. 175, 185. 3380:, pp. 145, 175. 3270:, pp. 145, 267. 3234:, pp. 133, 134. 3222:, pp. 129, 132. 3198:, pp. 129, 267. 2749:, pp. 217, 222. 2582:, pp. 175, 177. 2570:, pp. 191, 214. 2190:Government of Canada 1626:. It is named after 1354:subglacial volcanism 1136:fifth magmatic cycle 1120:third magmatic cycle 1100:first magmatic cycle 1055:Last Glacial Maximum 468:. The plateau is in 454:barren of vegetation 418:intermontane plateau 159:Mount Edziza complex 119:57.71361; -130.75167 4879:Raspberry Formation 4859:Klastline Formation 4849:Big Raven Formation 4844:Armadillo Formation 4536:Arctic Lake Plateau 4518:Snowshoe Lava Field 4175:"Big Raven Plateau" 3598:2000GSAB..112.1280E 3515:Souther et al. 1984 3186:, pp. 99, 101. 3133:Souther et al. 1984 3109:Souther et al. 1984 3097:Souther et al. 1984 2891:, pp. 26, 230. 2852:, pp. 27, 230. 2216:, pp. 32, 224. 1803:"Big Raven Plateau" 1433:Big Raven Formation 1407:Klastline Formation 1356:but they differ in 1178:Armadillo Formation 1142:Raspberry Formation 1132:Big Raven Formation 1022:Snowshoe Lava Field 930:pyramid-shaped horn 728:and its tributary, 594:Arctic Lake Plateau 509:explosive eruptions 259: • Length 110: / 5203:Holocene volcanism 5193:Pliocene volcanism 4751:Little Iskut River 2231:, pp. 32, 33. 2104:(1988). "1623A" ( 1660: 1610:Name and etymology 1595:Elwyn Creek Pluton 1538:continental margin 1488:Sheep Track Member 1446: 1378: 1288: 1271:Ice Peak Formation 1217:stratigraphic unit 1152: 1051:subglacial volcano 959: 864:of Pyramid Creek, 841:of Mount Edziza's 834: 765:creation of steep 752:flowing west, via 491:lava flows of the 485:volcanic in origin 284:Last eruption 267: • Width 240:Defining authority 5188:Miocene volcanism 5183:Big Raven Plateau 5170: 5169: 4913: 4912: 4874:Pyramid Formation 4541:Big Raven Plateau 4419:Central volcanoes 4198:Big Raven Plateau 4196:Media related to 4054:978-1-926806-87-7 3310:978-1-107-03739-7 3084:, pp. 6, 47. 1420:Kakiddi Formation 1362:vesicular texture 1265:pyroclastic surge 1253:Pyramid Formation 756:into Mess Creek. 648:central volcanoes 570:Klastline Plateau 515:, an ice-covered 460:with intervening 414:Big Raven Plateau 410: 409: 179:Volcanic activity 80:Big Raven Plateau 34:Big Raven Plateau 16:(Redirected from 5210: 5140:Vancouver Island 4963:Interior Plateau 4955:British Columbia 4940: 4933: 4926: 4917: 4854:Edziza Formation 4228: 4221: 4214: 4205: 4195: 4188: 4162: 4129:Armstrong, R. L. 4120: 4108: 4076: 4070: 4059: 4058: 4040: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4016:. Archived from 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3981:. Archived from 3971: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3939:. Archived from 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3908:. Archived from 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3877:. Archived from 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3846:. Archived from 3838:"Ornostay Bluff" 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3815:. Archived from 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3784:. Archived from 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3753:. Archived from 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3722:. Archived from 3710: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3691:. Archived from 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3660:. Archived from 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3575: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3342: 3336: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3085: 3079: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3016: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2795:. Archived from 2783: 2777: 2771: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2698: 2689:. Archived from 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2667: 2658:. Archived from 2646: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2627:. Archived from 2611: 2600: 2594: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2522:. Archived from 2506: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2487:. Archived from 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2444:. Archived from 2432: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2422: 2413:. Archived from 2401: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2391: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2356:. Archived from 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2325:. Archived from 2313: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2232: 2226: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2201: 2192:. Archived from 2182: 2176: 2175: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2098: 1989: 1988: 1964: 1945: 1939: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1901: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1811:. Archived from 1799: 1636:Tahltan language 1492:pyroclastic fall 1451:radiocarbon date 1416:and buttresses. 1400:pyroclastic cone 1368:Edziza Formation 1312:and glacial and 632:shield volcanoes 562:Tahltan Highland 474:provincial parks 430:Tahltan Highland 426:British Columbia 424:of northwestern 149:Tahltan Highland 138:British Columbia 125: 124: 122: 121: 120: 115: 111: 108: 107: 106: 103: 76: 75: 69: 53: 42:Volcanic plateau 30: 21: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5158:Interior Plains 5152: 5134: 5106: 5042:Stikine Plateau 5036: 4957: 4944: 4914: 4909: 4883: 4830: 4776:Raspberry Creek 4711:Bourgeaux Creek 4687: 4683:Tennaya Glacier 4673:Tenchen Glacier 4654: 4631: 4614:Mountain passes 4608: 4550: 4522: 4494: 4446: 4413: 4380: 4237: 4232: 4173: 4170: 4165: 4123: 4117: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4079: 4071: 4062: 4055: 4042: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4021: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3988: 3986: 3973: 3972: 3955: 3946: 3944: 3931:"Tsekone Ridge" 3929: 3928: 3924: 3915: 3913: 3900:"Cartoona Peak" 3898: 3897: 3893: 3884: 3882: 3869:"Koosick Bluff" 3867: 3866: 3862: 3853: 3851: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3822: 3820: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3791: 3789: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3760: 3758: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3729: 3727: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3698: 3696: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3667: 3665: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3577: 3576: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3345: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3088: 3080: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3032: 3024: 3020: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2835: 2833: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2800: 2787:"Williams Cone" 2785: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2765: 2757: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2696: 2694: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2665: 2663: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2634: 2632: 2613: 2612: 2603: 2595: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2529: 2527: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2492: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2451: 2449: 2436:"Walkout Creek" 2434: 2433: 2429: 2420: 2418: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2389: 2387: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2363: 2361: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2330: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2301: 2299: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2275: 2273: 2265:"Nuttlude Lake" 2263: 2262: 2258: 2250: 2235: 2227: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2199: 2197: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2143: 2142: 2135: 2100: 2099: 1992: 1985: 1966: 1965: 1948: 1940: 1929: 1920: 1918: 1903: 1902: 1827: 1818: 1816: 1801: 1800: 1785: 1780: 1768: 1732: 1648: 1646:Provincial park 1612: 1500: 1435: 1422: 1409: 1387:Tenchen Glacier 1370: 1360:alteration and 1337: 1273: 1255: 1213: 1180: 1168:erosion surface 1144: 1076: 1071: 1024: 939: 882: 823: 762: 754:Raspberry Creek 742:drainage divide 716:Klastline River 668: 636:stratovolcanoes 610:Klastline River 586:Coast Mountains 582:Boundary Ranges 558: 553: 450:Klastline River 394: 389: 386:Klastline River 384: 379: 118: 116: 112: 109: 104: 101: 99: 97: 96: 90: 89: 88: 87: 84: 83: 82: 81: 77: 56: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5216: 5214: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5175: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5144: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5116: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5012: 5007: 5006: 5005: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4967: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4869:Nido Formation 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4840: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4796:Stewbomb Creek 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4701:Artifact Creek 4697: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4678:Tencho Glacier 4675: 4670: 4664: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4650:Ornostay Bluff 4647: 4641: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4627:Raspberry Pass 4624: 4618: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4579:Obsidian Ridge 4576: 4571: 4569:Cartoona Ridge 4566: 4564:Artifact Ridge 4560: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4456: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4442:Spectrum Range 4439: 4434: 4429: 4427:Armadillo Peak 4423: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4390: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4311:Mess Lake Cone 4308: 4306:Klastline Cone 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4189: 4169: 4168:External links 4166: 4164: 4163: 4125:Souther, J. G. 4121: 4115: 4106:10.4095/133497 4091:Souther, J. G. 4086: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4060: 4053: 4030: 3995: 3953: 3922: 3891: 3860: 3829: 3798: 3767: 3745:"Tennena Cone" 3736: 3705: 3674: 3643: 3631: 3619: 3592:: 1281, 1287. 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3517:, p. 346. 3507: 3505:, p. 207. 3495: 3493:, p. 210. 3483: 3471: 3469:, p. 191. 3454: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3404:, p. 185. 3394: 3382: 3370: 3358: 3356:, p. 172. 3343: 3341:, p. 165. 3328: 3326:, p. 157. 3316: 3309: 3303:. p. 43. 3287: 3285:, p. 155. 3272: 3260: 3258:, p. 129. 3248: 3246:, p. 135. 3236: 3224: 3212: 3210:, p. 132. 3200: 3188: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3137: 3135:, p. 344. 3125: 3113: 3111:, p. 343. 3101: 3099:, p. 342. 3086: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3045:, p. 267. 3030: 3028:, p. 233. 3018: 2977: 2935: 2893: 2881: 2879:, p. 230. 2869: 2867:, p. 228. 2854: 2842: 2809: 2778: 2776:, p. 223. 2763: 2761:, p. 214. 2751: 2739: 2737:, p. 216. 2727: 2715: 2703: 2672: 2650:"Pillow Ridge" 2641: 2601: 2599:, p. 175. 2584: 2572: 2560: 2548: 2536: 2501: 2479:"Mount Edziza" 2470: 2468:, p. 241. 2458: 2427: 2396: 2379:"Sezill Creek" 2370: 2339: 2308: 2291:"Kakiddi Lake" 2282: 2256: 2233: 2218: 2206: 2177: 2164:10.2307/534980 2133: 2127:10.4095/133498 2102:Souther, J. G. 1990: 1983: 1946: 1927: 1825: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1767: 1764: 1731: 1728: 1722:and migratory 1684:mountain goats 1668:protected area 1647: 1644: 1622:office by the 1611: 1608: 1499: 1496: 1434: 1431: 1421: 1418: 1408: 1405: 1369: 1366: 1336: 1333: 1272: 1269: 1254: 1251: 1212: 1211:Nido Formation 1209: 1205:Sezill Volcano 1179: 1176: 1143: 1140: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1023: 1020: 938: 935: 881: 878: 858:Klastline Cone 822: 819: 783:Tencho Glacier 779:Cartoona Ridge 761: 758: 667: 664: 660:Armadillo Peak 590:Spectrum Range 557: 554: 552: 549: 408: 407: 400: 399: 388:valley (north) 383:valley (south) 378:valley (south) 373: 369: 368: 322: 318: 317: 312: 308: 307: 296: 290: 289: 286: 280: 279: 276: 272: 271: 268: 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 251: 250: 241: 237: 236: 230: 224: 223: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 168: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 131: 127: 126: 92: 91: 85: 79: 78: 71: 70: 64: 63: 62: 61: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 40: 37: 36: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5215: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5165: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5112:Yukon Plateau 5109: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4936: 4934: 4929: 4927: 4922: 4921: 4918: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4826:Walkout Creek 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4816:Tennaya Creek 4814: 4812: 4811:Tenchen Creek 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4801:Tadekho Creek 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4791:Sorcery Creek 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4771:Pyramid Creek 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Chakima Creek 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4668:Idiji Glacier 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4645:Koosick Bluff 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599:Wetalth Ridge 4597: 4595: 4594:Tsekone Ridge 4592: 4590: 4589:Sorcery Ridge 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4546:Kitsu Plateau 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4490:Triangle Dome 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4409:Wetalth Ridge 4407: 4405: 4404:Tsekone Ridge 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4376:Williams Cone 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4361:Triplex Cones 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4276:Coffee Crater 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4224: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4116:0-660-14407-7 4112: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4075:, p. 31. 4074: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4020:on 2021-09-21 4019: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3985:on 2023-01-23 3984: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3943:on 2021-10-09 3942: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3912:on 2021-09-30 3911: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3881:on 2021-09-30 3880: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3850:on 2021-10-01 3849: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3819:on 2021-09-30 3818: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3788:on 2021-10-01 3787: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3757:on 2024-06-08 3756: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3726:on 2022-06-24 3725: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3695:on 2024-06-07 3694: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3664:on 2024-06-09 3663: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3641:, p. 43. 3640: 3635: 3632: 3629:, p. 39. 3628: 3623: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3317: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3177: 3174:, p. 93. 3173: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3153: 3150:, p. 83. 3149: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3069:, p. 47. 3068: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2981: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2939: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2832:on 2009-06-08 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2799:on 2024-06-09 2798: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2716: 2713:, p. 18. 2712: 2707: 2704: 2693:on 2021-09-30 2692: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2662:on 2021-10-01 2661: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2631:on 2021-08-10 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2537: 2526:on 2021-08-10 2525: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2505: 2502: 2491:on 2018-05-15 2490: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2459: 2448:on 2020-10-31 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2417:on 2021-08-20 2416: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2360:on 2021-10-01 2359: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2348:"Taweh Creek" 2343: 2340: 2329:on 2021-10-01 2328: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2317:"Elwyn Creek" 2312: 2309: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2254:, p. 33. 2253: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2207: 2196:on 2024-05-24 2195: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984:0-521-43811-X 1980: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1944:, p. 32. 1943: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1917:on 2021-05-02 1916: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1815:on 2021-09-30 1814: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1730:Accessibility 1729: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1657: 1652: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1630:, a deity in 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1560:conglomerates 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1524:of volcanic, 1523: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1443: 1439: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1374: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1261: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1148: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084:alkali basalt 1081: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1059:Younger Dryas 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039:Coffee Crater 1036: 1032: 1028: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015:Williams Cone 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 995:Triplex Cones 992: 988: 984: 979: 976: 971: 968: 964: 956: 952: 948: 943: 936: 934: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895:Triangle Dome 892: 888: 879: 877: 875: 871: 867: 866:Tsekone Ridge 863: 859: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 832: 827: 820: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 795: 793: 792:Cartoona Peak 788: 787:Idiji Glacier 784: 780: 776: 775:Sorcery Ridge 772: 768: 759: 757: 755: 751: 750:Walkout Creek 747: 746:Chakima Creek 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 721: 717: 712: 711:alluvial fans 708: 704: 703:Sorcery Creek 700: 699:Tennaya Creek 696: 692: 691:Tenchen Creek 688: 687:Pyramid Creek 684: 680: 676: 673: 672:Stikine River 665: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 620: 618: 615: 611: 607: 603: 602:Nuttlude Lake 599: 598:Kakiddi Creek 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 555: 550: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 521:alkali basalt 518: 517:stratovolcano 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446:Walkout Creek 443: 442:Chakima Creek 439: 438:Kakiddi Creek 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 406: 401: 398:valley (west) 397: 393:valley (east) 392: 391:Kakiddi Creek 387: 382: 381:Walkout Creek 377: 376:Chakima Creek 374: 366: 362: 358: 354: 353:Pyramid Creek 350: 346: 342: 341:Sorcery Creek 338: 334: 333:Tenchen Creek 330: 329:Tennaya Creek 326: 323: 316: 313: 306: 303: 300: 297: 295: 287: 285: 277: 269: 261: 249: 245: 242: 234: 231: 229: 222: 221:alkali basalt 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 187: 180: 177: 169: 167: 160: 157: 150: 147: 139: 135: 132: 123: 95:Coordinates: 93: 68: 52: 43: 38: 31: 19: 5084: 4821:Tsecha Creek 4786:Shaman Creek 4781:Sezill Creek 4741:Kadeya Creek 4736:Gerlib Creek 4721:Crayke Creek 4622:Destell Pass 4584:Pillow Ridge 4540: 4475:Pharaoh Dome 4460:Glacier Dome 4432:Mount Edziza 4399:Tennena Cone 4394:Pillow Ridge 4326:Outcast Hill 4316:Moraine Cone 4291:Icefall Cone 4271:Cocoa Crater 4266:Cinder Cliff 4243:Cinder cones 4178: 4138: 4132: 4094: 4073:Souther 1992 4044: 4022:. Retrieved 4018:the original 4007: 3998: 3987:. Retrieved 3983:the original 3945:. Retrieved 3941:the original 3934: 3925: 3914:. Retrieved 3910:the original 3903: 3894: 3883:. Retrieved 3879:the original 3872: 3863: 3852:. Retrieved 3848:the original 3841: 3832: 3821:. Retrieved 3817:the original 3810: 3807:"Kaia Bluff" 3801: 3790:. Retrieved 3786:the original 3779: 3776:"Hoia Bluff" 3770: 3759:. Retrieved 3755:the original 3748: 3739: 3728:. Retrieved 3724:the original 3717: 3708: 3697:. Retrieved 3693:the original 3686: 3683:"Sidas Cone" 3677: 3666:. Retrieved 3662:the original 3655: 3646: 3639:Souther 1992 3634: 3627:Souther 1992 3622: 3585: 3579: 3563:Souther 1992 3558: 3551:Souther 1992 3546: 3539:Souther 1992 3534: 3527:Souther 1992 3522: 3510: 3503:Souther 1992 3498: 3491:Souther 1992 3486: 3479:Souther 1992 3474: 3467:Souther 1992 3450:Souther 1992 3445: 3438:Souther 1992 3433: 3426:Souther 1992 3421: 3414:Souther 1992 3409: 3402:Souther 1992 3397: 3390:Souther 1992 3385: 3378:Souther 1992 3373: 3366:Souther 1992 3361: 3354:Souther 1992 3339:Souther 1992 3324:Souther 1992 3319: 3296: 3290: 3283:Souther 1992 3268:Souther 1992 3263: 3256:Souther 1992 3251: 3244:Souther 1992 3239: 3232:Souther 1992 3227: 3220:Souther 1992 3215: 3208:Souther 1992 3203: 3196:Souther 1992 3191: 3184:Souther 1992 3179: 3172:Souther 1992 3167: 3160:Souther 1992 3155: 3148:Souther 1992 3128: 3121:Souther 1992 3116: 3104: 3082:Souther 1992 3067:Souther 1992 3062: 3055:Souther 1992 3050: 3043:Souther 1992 3026:Souther 1992 3021: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2909: 2903: 2896: 2889:Souther 1992 2884: 2877:Souther 1992 2872: 2865:Souther 1992 2850:Souther 1992 2845: 2834:. Retrieved 2830:the original 2821: 2812: 2801:. Retrieved 2797:the original 2790: 2781: 2774:Souther 1992 2759:Souther 1992 2754: 2747:Souther 1992 2742: 2735:Souther 1992 2730: 2723:Souther 1992 2718: 2711:Souther 1992 2706: 2695:. Retrieved 2691:the original 2684: 2675: 2664:. Retrieved 2660:the original 2653: 2644: 2633:. Retrieved 2629:the original 2618: 2597:Souther 1992 2580:Souther 1992 2575: 2568:Souther 1992 2563: 2556:Souther 1992 2551: 2544:Souther 1992 2539: 2528:. Retrieved 2524:the original 2513: 2504: 2493:. Retrieved 2489:the original 2482: 2473: 2466:Souther 1992 2461: 2450:. Retrieved 2446:the original 2439: 2430: 2419:. Retrieved 2415:the original 2408: 2405:"Mess Creek" 2399: 2388:. Retrieved 2382: 2373: 2362:. Retrieved 2358:the original 2351: 2342: 2331:. Retrieved 2327:the original 2320: 2311: 2300:. Retrieved 2294: 2285: 2274:. Retrieved 2268: 2259: 2252:Souther 1992 2229:Souther 1992 2214:Souther 1992 2209: 2198:. Retrieved 2194:the original 2180: 2151: 2145: 2109: 2106:Geologic map 1969: 1942:Souther 1992 1919:. Retrieved 1915:the original 1905: 1817:. Retrieved 1813:the original 1806: 1753: 1745: 1740:horse trails 1733: 1673: 1661: 1613: 1591:leucogranite 1584:Sustut Group 1550: 1513:. This is a 1501: 1471:Icefall Cone 1467:Cinder Cliff 1460: 1447: 1442:Tennena Cone 1423: 1410: 1396: 1379: 1344:pillows and 1338: 1326: 1318: 1310:glacial till 1301:trachybasalt 1289: 1260:Pharaoh Dome 1256: 1246:intercalated 1214: 1203:east called 1181: 1165:Late Miocene 1153: 1077: 1074:Stratigraphy 1035:Cocoa Crater 1031:Tennena Cone 1029: 1025: 1007:Moraine Cone 993:, the three 980: 975:Buckley Lake 960: 927: 919:Pillow Ridge 891:Glacier Dome 883: 880:Mount Edziza 847: 835: 831:Mount Edziza 807:hydrothermal 796: 763: 738:Sezill Creek 730:Kadeya Creek 724: 707:Shaman Creek 679:Tsecha Creek 669: 652:Mount Edziza 644:cinder cones 621: 606:Kakiddi Lake 559: 529:trachybasalt 513:Mount Edziza 482: 413: 411: 403:Location in 367:, Cook Creek 361:Kadeya Creek 349:Sezill Creek 345:Shaman Creek 325:Tsecha Creek 305:Mount Edziza 235:(Tse'sketco) 217:pantellerite 189:Trachybasalt 5080:Arctic Lake 4806:Taweh Creek 4761:Nagha Creek 4746:Kitsu Creek 4731:Flyin Creek 4726:Elwyn Creek 4574:Idiji Ridge 4500:Lava fields 4485:Sphinx Dome 4480:The Pyramid 4470:Nanook Dome 4346:Source Hill 4251:The Ash Pit 4145:: 337–349. 3714:"Kana Cone" 3652:"Keda Cone" 1688:stone sheep 1532:rocks that 1530:metamorphic 1526:sedimentary 1242:pillow lava 1230:agglutinate 1157:interbedded 923:pillow lava 899:The Pyramid 887:Sphinx Dome 803:hot springs 771:Idiji Ridge 734:Taweh Creek 726:Elwyn Creek 497:interbedded 365:Elwyn Creek 337:Taweh Creek 311:Designation 117: / 105:130°45′06″W 5177:Categories 4766:Nido Creek 4756:More Creek 4706:Ball Creek 4604:Yagi Ridge 4465:IGC Centre 4452:Lava domes 4351:Storm Cone 4341:Sleet Cone 4336:Sidas Cone 4331:Ridge Cone 4321:Nahta Cone 4286:Exile Hill 4256:Cache Hill 4024:2023-05-03 3989:2024-03-28 3947:2024-08-19 3916:2024-08-19 3885:2024-08-19 3854:2024-08-19 3823:2024-08-19 3792:2024-08-19 3761:2024-08-19 3730:2024-08-19 3699:2024-08-19 3668:2024-08-19 2836:2023-01-29 2803:2024-08-05 2697:2023-07-05 2681:"Ice Peak" 2666:2024-05-31 2635:2023-08-17 2530:2021-09-25 2495:2024-08-02 2452:2023-04-24 2421:2023-08-23 2390:2024-01-23 2364:2024-01-23 2333:2023-08-20 2302:2024-08-03 2276:2024-08-03 2200:2024-08-19 1921:2021-09-25 1819:2024-03-14 1778:References 1756:Dease Lake 1716:gyrfalcons 1708:ptarmigans 1578:and minor 1572:siltstones 1568:sandstones 1553:Cretaceous 1475:Ridge Cone 1346:lava tubes 1321:benmoreite 1297:tristanite 1234:satellitic 1047:The Saucer 999:Sidas Cone 991:Storm Cone 987:Sleet Cone 983:lava field 911:lava lakes 695:Nido Creek 640:lava domes 578:Mess Creek 541:benmoreite 533:tristanite 434:Mess Creek 396:Mess Creek 372:Borders on 357:Nido Creek 321:Drained by 254:Dimensions 246:office in 213:benmoreite 201:tristanite 102:57°42′49″N 5148:Forbidden 5085:Big Raven 5055:Klastline 5020:Bonaparte 4981:Chilcotin 4951:highlands 4895:Gnu Butte 4366:Twin Cone 4356:Thaw Hill 4301:Keda Cone 4296:Kana Cone 4261:Camp Hill 4159:0016-7606 3614:0016-7606 3013:1040-6182 2972:0377-0273 2930:0260-1230 1724:songbirds 1700:squirrels 1628:Big Raven 1557:Paleocene 1515:Paleozoic 1504:underlain 1484:rockfalls 1316:outwash. 1306:colluvium 1293:mugearite 1240:breccia, 1200:rhyolitic 1196:trachytic 1192:ash flows 1172:volcanism 1128:Klastline 1096:Armadillo 1092:Raspberry 1063:subaerial 1043:Keda Cone 1003:Twin Cone 854:Kana Cone 850:Camp Hill 839:trim line 821:Landforms 799:dissected 760:Structure 720:tributary 683:headwalls 675:watershed 537:mugearite 478:footpaths 275:Elevation 233:Big Raven 228:Etymology 209:comendite 205:mugearite 175:Formed by 5125:Nisutlin 5102:Tanzilla 5065:Spatsizi 5025:Nicoamen 5015:Thompson 5010:Okanagan 5003:McGregor 4947:Plateaus 4660:Glaciers 4528:Plateaus 4437:Ice Peak 4281:Eve Cone 3979:BC Parks 2997:Elsevier 2956:Elsevier 1766:See also 1760:BC Parks 1656:Eve Cone 1603:andesite 1542:Jurassic 1534:accreted 1519:Mesozoic 1508:Stikinia 1498:Basement 1480:slumping 1308:such as 1280:Ornostay 1222:hawaiite 1185:air-fall 1011:Eve Cone 963:basaltic 947:Ice Peak 915:nunataks 870:Ornostay 811:magmatic 744:between 666:Drainage 656:Ice Peak 614:mountain 556:Location 525:hawaiite 505:trachyte 501:rhyolite 489:basaltic 448:and the 294:Topo map 197:hawaiite 193:trachyte 140:, Canada 130:Location 5164:Alberta 5075:Tahltan 5030:Shuswap 4998:Nechako 4991:Quesnel 4986:Dil-Dil 4976:Cariboo 4693:Streams 4083:Sources 3594:Bibcode 2999:: 262. 2916:: 175. 2158:: 198. 2154:(124). 1680:caribou 1640:geology 1632:Tahltan 1593:of the 1582:of the 1564:arkoses 1546:inliers 1536:to the 1511:terrane 1506:by the 1427:terrain 1342:jointed 1314:fluvial 1284:Koosick 1226:breccia 1108:Pyramid 1069:Geology 907:cirques 874:Koosick 843:ice cap 584:of the 466:terrain 458:canyons 185:Geology 155:Part of 5130:Teslin 5070:Tagish 5060:Nahlin 4971:Fraser 4637:Bluffs 4556:Ridges 4157: 4113: 4051: 3612: 3307: 3011: 2970: 2958:: 39. 2928: 2172:534980 2170: 1981: 1720:grouse 1712:ravens 1692:wolves 1599:dacite 1588:Eocene 1576:shales 1455:willow 1414:buttes 1329:tephra 1188:pumice 1161:scoria 1116:Edziza 1088:felsic 955:Coffee 903:crater 566:massif 462:ridges 416:is an 302:104G10 5120:Dease 5090:Kitsu 5050:Kawdy 4888:Other 4141:(3). 3588:(8). 2954:(2). 2912:(2). 2168:JSTOR 1748:Iskut 1696:bears 1676:moose 1522:suite 1383:lahar 1358:glass 1350:dikes 1159:with 951:Cocoa 767:spurs 628:Kitsu 617:ridge 499:with 145:Range 5097:Taku 4949:and 4155:ISSN 4111:ISBN 4049:ISBN 3610:ISSN 3305:ISBN 3009:ISSN 2968:ISSN 2926:ISSN 1979:ISBN 1704:owls 1666:, a 1601:and 1580:coal 1555:and 1528:and 1517:and 1490:, a 1473:and 1461:The 1299:and 1282:and 1238:tuff 1228:and 1198:and 1190:and 1106:and 1104:Nido 1094:and 1045:and 1013:and 985:are 970:beds 953:and 949:and 897:and 872:and 862:head 777:and 718:, a 705:and 642:and 592:and 503:and 412:The 4953:of 4147:doi 4101:doi 3602:doi 3586:112 3001:doi 2993:242 2960:doi 2952:272 2918:doi 2160:doi 2122:doi 2108:). 1194:of 967:ash 572:in 420:in 299:NTS 166:Age 5179:: 4183:. 4177:. 4153:. 4139:95 4137:. 4127:; 4109:. 4063:^ 4033:^ 4012:. 4006:. 3977:. 3956:^ 3933:. 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