22:
150:. Sand, silts and salt cause deposits and foul heat exchangers or result in plugging. The need to supply heat to vaporize water reduces crude pre-heat capacity. Sodium, arsenic and other metals can poison catalysts. By removing the suspended solids, they are not carried into the burner and eventually flue gas, where they would cause problems with environmental compliance such as flue gas opacity norms.
403:
153:
Crude oil to be desalted is heated to a temperature of 100-150 °C and mixed with 4-10% fresh water, which dilutes the salt. The mixture is then pumped into a settling tank where the salt water separates from the oil and is drawn off. An electrostatic field is applied by electrodes in the
141:
The salts that are most frequently present in crude oil are calcium, sodium and magnesium chlorides. If these compounds are not removed from the oil several problems arise in the refining process. The high temperatures that occur downstream in the process could cause water
90:. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in PTB – pounds of salt per thousand
154:
settling tank, inducing polarization of the water droplets floating in the larger volume of oil. This results in the water droplets clumping together and settling to the bottom of the tank.
229:
117:
for human or animal consumption, or to reduce the salinity of river water prior to its crossing an international border, usually to comply with the terms of a
265:
226:
319:
43:
65:
428:
407:
221:
433:
258:
251:
36:
30:
359:
47:
95:
206:
438:
290:
110:
349:
354:
344:
369:
334:
324:
384:
329:
274:
168:
102:
147:
339:
233:
163:
114:
106:
422:
364:
83:
238:
374:
187:
122:
379:
143:
285:
87:
207:
https://m.tau.ac.il/~tsirel/dump/Static/knowino.org/Crude_oil_desalter.html
126:
188:"Measurement of salt content in petroleum flow lines - Patent 4352288"
243:
118:
91:
130:
303:
247:
15:
146:, which in turn allows the formation of corrosive
259:
8:
300:
266:
252:
244:
94:of crude oil. Another specification is
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
29:This article includes a list of general
179:
125:reservoirs in areas impacted by cattle
113:. This may be done either to produce
101:The term desalter may also refer to a
7:
402:
121:. Desalters are also used to treat
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
401:
20:
1:
86:that removes salt from the
455:
397:
310:
299:
281:
320:Atmospheric distillation
96:Basic sediment and water
82:is a process unit in an
105:facility used to treat
50:more precise citations.
291:List of oil refineries
355:Hydrodesulphurisation
222:Desalting in refinery
429:Industrial equipment
370:Solvent deasphalting
335:Catalytic reforming
325:Vacuum distillation
137:Desalting crude oil
111:agricultural runoff
434:Chemical equipment
385:Amine gas treating
330:Catalytic cracking
275:Petroleum refining
239:Desalter animation
232:2006-09-09 at the
209:Crude oil desalter
169:Water desalination
103:water desalination
416:
415:
393:
392:
148:hydrochloric acid
76:
75:
68:
446:
405:
404:
301:
268:
261:
254:
245:
227:Desalting theory
210:
204:
198:
197:
195:
194:
184:
71:
64:
60:
57:
51:
46:this article by
37:inline citations
24:
23:
16:
454:
453:
449:
448:
447:
445:
444:
443:
419:
418:
417:
412:
389:
306:
295:
277:
272:
234:Wayback Machine
218:
213:
205:
201:
192:
190:
186:
185:
181:
177:
160:
139:
72:
61:
55:
52:
42:Please help to
41:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
452:
450:
442:
441:
439:Oil refineries
436:
431:
421:
420:
414:
413:
411:
410:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
350:Polymerisation
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
311:
308:
307:
304:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
282:
279:
278:
273:
271:
270:
263:
256:
248:
242:
241:
236:
224:
217:
216:External links
214:
212:
211:
199:
178:
176:
173:
172:
171:
166:
164:Brackish water
159:
156:
138:
135:
107:brackish water
74:
73:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
451:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
424:
409:
400:
399:
396:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
365:Hydrocracking
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:Isomerisation
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
309:
302:
298:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
280:
276:
269:
264:
262:
257:
255:
250:
249:
246:
240:
237:
235:
231:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
215:
208:
203:
200:
189:
183:
180:
174:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
157:
155:
151:
149:
145:
136:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:potable water
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
70:
67:
59:
56:December 2017
49:
45:
39:
38:
32:
27:
18:
17:
314:
202:
191:. Retrieved
182:
152:
140:
100:
84:oil refinery
79:
77:
62:
53:
34:
375:Visbreaking
123:groundwater
48:introducing
423:Categories
360:Sweetening
340:Alkylation
193:2009-03-11
175:References
144:hydrolysis
31:references
315:Desalting
305:Processes
286:Petroleum
88:crude oil
230:Archived
158:See also
127:feedlots
80:desalter
408:Commons
131:dairies
92:barrels
44:improve
406:
380:Coking
119:treaty
33:, but
109:from
129:and
425::
133:.
98:.
78:A
267:e
260:t
253:v
196:.
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.