220:. Those who left for the desert formed an alternate Christian society, at a time when it was no longer a risk to be a Christian. The solitude, austerity, and sacrifice of the desert was seen by Anthony as an alternative to martyrdom, which was formerly seen by many Christians as the highest form of sacrifice. Anthony quickly gained followers eager to live their lives in accordance with this solidarity and separation from material goods. From these prohibitions, it is recorded by Athanasius that Anthony received special privileges from God, such as the ability to heal the sick, inspire others to have faith in healing through God, and even converse with God on occasion. Around this time, desert monasticism appeared nearly simultaneously in several areas, including
1913:, that one day he said to his elder brother, 'I should like to be free of all care, like the angels, who do not work, but ceaselessly offer worship to God.' So he took off his cloak and went away into the desert. After a week he came back to his brother. When he knocked on the door, he heard his brother say, before he opened it 'Who are you?' He said, 'I am John, your brother.' But he replied, 'John has become an angel, and henceforth he is no longer among men.' Then the other begged him saying, 'It is I.' However, his brother did not let him in, but left him there in distress until morning. Then, opening the door, he said to him, 'You are a man and you must once again work in order to eat.' Then John made a prostration before him, saying, 'Forgive me.
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255:, renouncing all the pleasures of the senses, rich food, baths, rest, and anything that made them comfortable. They instead focused their energies on praying, singing psalms, fasting, giving alms to the needy, and preserving love and harmony with one another while keeping their thoughts and desires for God alone. Thousands joined them in the desert, mostly men but also a handful of women. Religious seekers also began going to the desert seeking advice and counsel from the early Desert Fathers. By the time of Anthony's death, there were so many men and women living in the desert that it was described as "a city" by Anthony's biographer.
1717:
amount of money to live her life in a convent, and donated the rest to the poor. When members of the church began finding ways to work with the Roman state, the Desert
Fathers saw that as a compromise between "the things of God and the things of Caesar." The monastic communities were essentially an alternate Christian society. The hermits doubted that religion and politics could ever produce a truly Christian society. For them, the only Christian society was spiritual and not mundane.
342:(mother) in charge of the spiritual welfare of their monks and nuns, with the implication that those joining the monastery were also joining a new family. Members also formed smaller groups, with different tasks in the community and the responsibility of looking after each other's welfare. The new approach grew to the point that there were tens of thousands of monks and nuns in these organized communities within decades of Pachomius' death. One of the early pilgrims to the desert was
240:
416:. The greatest number of sayings are attributed to Abba "Poemen", Greek for "shepherd". Because of the wide disparity of dates for the sayings attributed to Abba Poemen, some scholars believe that "Poemen" was a generic name for a combination of different unnamed Abbas. Others conclude that the sayings attributed to Abba Poemen are accurate, based on a notable and historical Abba Poemen. Among the notable Desert Fathers and Mothers with sayings in the book, in addition to
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standing to the monastery. All property was held communally, meals were eaten together and in silence, twice a week they fasted, and they wore simple peasant clothing with a hood. Several times a day they came together for prayer and readings, and each person was expected to spend time alone meditating on the scriptures. Programs were created for educating those who came to the monastery unable to read.
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anger and judgment of others. Helping a brother monk who was ill or struggling was seen as taking priority over any other consideration. Hermits were frequently seen to break a long fast when hosting visitors, as hospitality and kindness were more important than keeping the ascetic practices that were so dominant in the Desert
Fathers' lives.
1883:"It happened that as Abba Arsenius was sitting in his cell that he was harassed by demons. His servants, on their return, stood outside his cell and heard him praying to God in these words, 'O God, do not leave me. I have done nothing good in your sight, but according to your goodness, let me now make a beginning of good.
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1860:"Somebody asked Anthony, 'What shall I do in order to please God?' He replied, 'Do what I tell you, which is this: wherever you go, keep God in mind; whatever you do, follow the example of Holy Scripture; wherever you are, stay there and do not move away in a hurry. If you keep to these guide-lines, you will be saved.
1747:, or "Jesus Prayer". The prayer's origin is also traced back to the Desert Fathersâthe Prayer of the Heart was found inscribed in the ruins of a cell from that period in the Egyptian desert. The earliest written reference to the practice of the Prayer of the Heart may be in a discourse collected in the
327:, seeing the need for a more formal structure, established a monastery with rules and organization. His regulations included discipline, obedience, manual labour, silence, fasting, and long periods of prayerâsome historians view the rules as being inspired by Pachomius' experiences as a Roman soldier.
196:
who launched the movement that became the Desert
Fathers. Sometime around AD 270, Anthony heard a Sunday sermon stating that perfection could be achieved by selling all of one's possessions, giving the proceeds to the poor, and following Jesus. He followed the advice and made the further step of
174:
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There are many different collections of sayings of the Desert
Fathers. The earliest writings were simply ordered by the initial letter of the Abba's name in the order of the Greek alphabet, resulting in the editors starting with Anthony the Great, Arsenius and Agathon, and concluding with Cheremon,
349:
As more pilgrims began visiting the monks in the desert, influence from the monastic communities began spreading. Latin versions of the original Greek stories and sayings of the Desert
Fathers, along with the earliest monastic rules coming out of the desert, guided the early monastic development in
330:
The first fully organized monastery with
Pachomius included men and women living in separate quarters, up to three in a room. They supported themselves by weaving cloth and baskets, along with other tasks. Each new monk or nun had a three-year probationary period, concluding with admittance in full
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The legalization of
Christianity by the Roman Empire in 313 gave Anthony a greater resolve to go out into the desert. Nostalgic for the tradition of martyrdom, he saw withdrawal and asceticism as an alternative. He insisted on selling all his material possessionsâhe left his younger sister a small
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The Desert
Fathers gave a great deal of emphasis to living and practicing the teachings of Jesus, much more than theoretical knowledge. Their efforts to live the commandments were not seen as being easyâmany of the stories from that time recount the struggle to overcome negative emotions such as
1831:
The lives of the Desert
Fathers that were organized into communities included frequent recitation of the scripturesâduring the week they chanted psalms while performing manual labour and during the weekends they held liturgies and group services. The monk's experience in the cell occurred in a
101:, who moved to the desert in AD 270â271 and became known as both the father and founder of desert monasticism. By the time Anthony had died in AD 356, thousands of monks and nuns had been drawn to living in the desert following Anthony's example, leading his biographer,
282:. The latter were small groups (two to six) of monks and nuns with a common spiritual elderâthese separate groups would join in larger gatherings to worship on Saturdays and Sundays. This third form of monasticism was responsible for most of the sayings that were compiled as the
1890:
When one desert father told another of his plans to "shut himself into his cell and refuse the face of men, that he might perfect himself," the second monk replied, "Unless thou first amend thy life going to and fro amongst men, thou shall not avail to amend it dwelling
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for the Desert
Fathers was primarily the practice of "interior silence and continual prayer." It did not become a formal movement of specific practices until the fourteenth century Byzantine meditative prayer techniques, when it was more closely identified with the
346:, who took the Rule of Pachomius into the eastern church. Basil expanded the idea of community by integrating the monks and nuns into the wider public community, with the monks and nuns under the authority of a bishop and serving the poor and needy.
309:
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said, 'Whoever hammers a lump of iron, first decides what he is going to make of it, a scythe, a sword, or an axe. Even so we ought to make up our minds what kind of virtue we want to forge or we labour in
1854:"A hermit said, 'Take care to be silent. Empty your mind. Attend to your meditation in the fear of God, whether you are resting or at work. If you do this, you will not fear the attacks of the demons.'"
1950:
The same editors also recognised a number of anonymous sayings and tales of the Desert Fathers and Mothers that were popularly circulated. This material was gathered into a collection now known as the
1761:
prayer was a meditative practice that was traditionally done in silence and with eyes closedâ"empty of mental pictures" and visual concepts, but with the intense consciousness of God's presence.
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variety of ways, including meditation on scripture. Group practices were more prominent in the organized communities formed by Pachomius. The purpose of these practices were explained by
258:
The Desert Fathers advocated three main approaches to monasticism. One was the austere life of the hermit, as practiced by Anthony and his followers in lower Egypt. Another was the
135:
both were strongly influenced by the traditions that began in the desert. All of the monastic revivals of the Middle Ages looked to the desert for inspiration and guidance. Much of
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Many of the monks and nuns developed a reputation for holiness and wisdom, with the small communities following a particularly holy or wise elder, who was their spiritual father (
1982:, combined and systematically ordered under twenty-one chapters. This collection contains about 1200 items and therefore does not completely combine the two older collections.
1836:, a Desert Father, who described the goal of psalmody (the outward recitation of scripture) and asceticism as the ascent to deep mystical prayer and mystical contemplation.
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for "stillness, rest, quiet, silence") is a mystical tradition and movement that originated with the Desert Fathers and was central to their practice of prayer.
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Over time, the model of Anthony and other hermits attracted many followers, who lived alone in the desert or in small groups. They chose a life of extreme
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323:. Initially Anthony and others lived as hermits, sometimes forming groups of two or three. Small informal communities began developing, until the monk
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Blessed Macarius said, "This is the truth, if a monk regards contempt as praise, poverty as riches, and hunger as a feast, he will never die."
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4162:. SpiritualitĂ© orientale et vie monastique (in French). Vol. 30. BĂ©grolles-en-Mauges, France: Abbaye de Bellefontaine. pp. 168â183.
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1867:"He (Evagrius) also said, 'A monk was told that his father had died. He said to the messenger, 'Do not blaspheme. My Father cannot die.
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The Book of Mystical Chapters: Meditations on the Soul's Ascent, from the Desert Fathers and Other Early Christian Contemplatives
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Abbot Pastor, "If someone does evil to you, you should do good to him, so that by your good work you may drive out his malice."
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played an important role in mediating the influence of the Desert Fathers to the West. This can be seen, for example, in the
105:, to write that "the desert had become a city." The Desert Fathers had a major influence on the development of Christianity.
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movement, has its roots in the practices of the Desert Fathers. Even religious renewals such as the German evangelicals and
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Matericon: Instructions of Abba Isaiah to the Honorable Nun Theodora with an Introduction by St. Theophan the Recluse
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The Ancient Fathers of the desert: Translated narratives from the Evergetinos on passions and perfection in Christ
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Harmless, William (2000). "Remembering Poemen Remembering: The Desert Fathers and the Spirituality of Memory".
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The Complete Text Compiled by St. Nikodimos of the Holy Mountain & St. Markarios of Corinth: Volumes 1-4.
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The desert monastic communities that grew out of the informal gathering of hermit monks became the model for
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The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History. Volume 1: The Early, Medieval, and Reformation Eras
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Discernment in the Desert Fathers: Diakrisis in the Life and Thought of Early Egyptian Monasticism
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https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0195162234.001.0001/acprof-9780195162233-chapter-7
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The Anonymous Sayings of the Desert Fathers: A Select Edition and Complete English Translation.
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An Elder, "A man who keeps death before his eyes will at all times overcome his cowardliness."
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A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series
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The Word in the Desert: Scripture and the Quest for Holiness in Early Christian Monasticism
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The Greek Historia Monachorum in Aegypto: Monastic Hagiography in the Late Fourth Century.
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The Arabic Life of Antony Attributed to Serapion of Thmuis: Cultural Memory Reinterpreted
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The Uncreated Light: An Iconographical Study of the Transfiguration in the Eastern Church
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The Arabic Life of Antony Attributed to Serapion of Thmuis: Cultural Memory Reinterpreted
1960:). These sayings were loosely ordered by subject (for instance: humility, charity etc.).
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Listen to the Desert: Secrets of Spiritual Maturity from the Desert Fathers and Mothers
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459:, and many individuals who spent part of their lives in the Egyptian desert, including
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4555:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (published 2006). pp. 175â197.
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Seeking a Purer Christian Life: Sayings and Stories of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
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is often credited with being the first hermit monk to go to the desert, but it was
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The Apophthegmata Patrum: Portraits, William, S.J. Harmless (Contributor Webpage)
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The Forgotten Desert Mothers: Sayings, Lives, and Stories of Early Christian Women
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159:
in England are seen by modern scholars as being influenced by the Desert Fathers.
4353:. Translated by Moi, Arlyne. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
4334:. Translated by Fiske, Adele. Crestwood, New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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The Book of the Elders: Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Systematic Collection.
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The Wisdom of the Desert: Sayings from the Desert Fathers of the Fourth Century
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were frequently used in 4th and 5th century writings of Desert Fathers such as
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In the Heart of the Desert: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
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In the Heart of the Desert: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
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2208:
2192:
1727:
1382:
1043:
1038:
694:
656:
605:
452:
448:
324:
313:
263:
140:
2644:
St. Antony of Egypt: The Holy Life and Teachings of the First Desert Father
1906:
He also said, "Obedience with abstinence gives men power over wild beasts."
4581:. Translated by Wortley, John. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press.
4160:
Aux origines du monachisme chrétien: Pour une phénoménologie du monachisme
4027:. Vol. 4. Buffalo, New York: Christian Literature Publishing Company.
3469:
319:
The small communities founded by the Desert Fathers were the beginning of
204:
in AD 303 was the last great formal persecution of Christians in the
6584:
6421:
6401:
5459:
5409:
5211:
4940:
4750:
4436:
Rock, Stella (2006). "Russian Piety and Orthodox Culture, 1380â1589". In
4218:
Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism
3157:
3031:
2557:
Nomura, Yushi (translation and art); Nouwen, Henri J. M. (introduction).
1801:
1773:
903:
871:
683:
472:
259:
144:
53:
6872:
6476:
6451:
6396:
5913:
5878:
5319:
5274:
5036:
4973:
4828:
4399:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 304â305.
4196:
2457:
Vitae Patrum: The Life Of Abba Antony from the Book of the Vitae Patrum
1508:
711:
557:
4395:
Peterson, Michael D. (2008). "Hesychasm". In Benedetto, Robert (ed.).
4032:
Binns, John (2006). "Modern Spirituality and the Orthodox Church". In
2057:
which includes many sayings of the Desert Fathers not included in the
479:'s works brought the wisdom of the Desert Fathers into a wider arena.
30:
6481:
6416:
6406:
6391:
6366:
5419:
5046:
4442:
The Cambridge History of Christianity. Volume 5: Eastern Christianity
4038:
The Cambridge History of Christianity. Volume 5: Eastern Christianity
3964:
The Lives of the Desert Fathers: The "Historia monachorum in aegypto"
3210:
3197:
2112:
1805:
1791:
1771:
1765:
1756:
1748:
1737:
1725:
841:
789:
444:
425:
275:
271:
117:
77:
57:
49:
4548:
4444:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 253â275.
4180:
4040:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 580â599.
308:
4140:. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press (published 2005).
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
2591:
Palmer, G. E. H; Sherrard, Phillip; Ware, Kallistos (translators).
350:
the Byzantine world and eventually in the western Christian world.
6471:
6466:
6441:
6411:
6386:
5903:
5888:
5883:
4993:
4681:
3167:
2894:
1927:
Psenthaisius and Or. These editors were the first to use the word
392:
377:
307:
238:
233:
221:
172:
29:
4553:
The Cambridge History of Egypt. Volume 1: Islamic Egypt, 640â1517
5930:
5908:
5868:
5086:
3192:
2345:
Eternal Wisdom from the Desert: Writings from the Desert Fathers
80:
4624:
4503:(rev. ed.). Kalamazoo, Michigan: Cistercian Publications.
2764:
Lives of the Desert Fathers: The Historia Monachorum in Aegypto
1857:
Abba Moses, "Sit in thy cell and thy cell will teach thee all."
4497:
The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection
1945:
The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection
84:
27:
Early Christian hermits, ascetics, and monks, third century AD
6780:
4264:
Oasis of Wisdom: The Worlds of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
2435:
Oasis Of Wisdom: The Worlds of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
262:
life, communities of monks and nuns in upper Egypt formed by
2405:
Athanasius: The Life of Antony and the Letter to Marcellinus
4108:(2nd ed.). Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press.
3540:
3538:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
370:
was also widely read in the early Benedictine monasteries.
200:
Anthony lived in a time of transition for Christianityâthe
2734:
The Wisdom of the Desert Fathers: The Apophthegmata Patrum
408:, which included 1,202 sayings attributed to twenty-seven
3966:. CS 34. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Cistercian Publications, 1981.
3703:
266:. The third was a semi-hermitic lifestyle seen mostly in
4158:(1979). "Une inscription copte sur la priĂšre de Jesus".
3557:
3555:
3553:
2689:
The Desert Fathers: Sayings of the Early Christian Monks
2623:
A History of the Monks of Syria by Theodoret of Cyrrhus.
2420:
Heaven Begins Within You: Wisdom from the Desert Fathers
197:
moving deep into the desert to seek complete solitude.
3572:
3570:
4579:
The Book of the Elders: Sayings of the Desert Fathers
4532:. Crestwood, New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press.
4476:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
4089:(rev. ed.). Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom.
3810:
3808:
1947:). This collection contains about a thousand items.
6683:
6515:
6357:
5929:
5859:
5791:
5488:
5253:
5220:
5022:
4964:
4851:
4819:
4736:
4688:
4549:"The Non-Muslim Communities: Christian Communities"
76:is a collection of the wisdom of some of the early
2373:Chryssavgis, John; Penkett, Robert (translators).
2314:Paradise of the Desert Fathers: Volumes 1 & 2.
1985:The various collections of sayings often overlap.
334:Pachomius also formalized the establishment of an
1810:can refer to inner or outer stillness, though in
247:, lived in seclusion in the desert of Upper Egypt
4378:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
4368:Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri;
3826:
3631:
3506:
2390:Desert Father: In the Desert with Saint Anthony
1937:), resulting in this collection being known as
4421:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
3619:
3595:
2574:Desert Wisdom: Sayings from the Desert Fathers
2559:Desert Wisdom: Sayings from the Desert Fathers
2024:The Alphabetical Sayings of the Desert Fathers
4636:
4312:. New York: New Directions (published 1970).
4286:The Essential Writings of Christian Mysticism
4266:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press.
1692:
8:
4332:St Gregory Palamas and Orthodox Spirituality
4243:Irvin, Dale T.; Sundquist, Scott W. (2001).
3471:African Religions: A Very Short Introduction
2031:The Systematic Sayings of the Desert Fathers
3906:The Anonymous Sayings of the Desert Fathers
3751:
3679:
3655:
3643:
3544:
3450:
2071:
2058:
2014:
2010:The Anonymous Sayings of the Desert Fathers
2000:
1951:
1938:
1928:
283:
243:Fourth-century Desert Father from Ethiopia
148:
116:communities these monks were a part of and
69:
4643:
4629:
4621:
3719:
3561:
3398:The Ascetical Homilies of Isaac the Syrian
1796:was used in early times synonymously with
1699:
1685:
1217:
1140:
933:
773:
486:
3377:Chronology of early Christian monasticism
2375:Abba Isaiah of Scetis: Ascetic Discourses
1549:A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation
169:Chronology of early Christian monasticism
3838:
3787:
3667:
362:urged his monks to read the writings of
6793:
4245:History of the World Christian Movement
3975:
3926:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
3890:
3607:
3518:
3434:
1958:Anonymous Sayings of the Desert Fathers
1639:Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii
1268:
1220:
1183:
1143:
1084:
1056:
1023:
992:
954:
936:
498:
4419:A History of the Middle Ages, 300â1500
3920:Harmless, J. William (22 March 2018),
3842:
3763:
3691:
3576:
4067:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3715:
443:Other notable Desert Fathers include
400:). The individual Desert Fathers and
7:
3987:
3934:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001
3866:
3854:
3814:
3775:
3739:
3723:
3463:
3461:
3459:
2358:Chryssavgis, John; Ward, Benedicta.
4220:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4106:An Anthology of Christian Mysticism
3799:
3735:
1755:on Abba Philimon, a Desert Father.
298:Development of monastic communities
228:, and some of the Desert Fathers's
5543:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
4661:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
4137:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2854:A partial list of Desert Fathers:
2762:Ward, Benedicta; Russell, Norman.
1814:it referred to inner tranquility.
374:Notable Desert Fathers and Mothers
127:The eastern monastic tradition at
25:
4262:Keller, David G. R. (2005).
4063:Burton-Christie, Douglas (1993).
2777:Ward, Benedicta; Bloom, Anthony.
2719:The Sayings of the Desert Fathers
2267:Archbishop Chrysostomos of Etna.
2253:Archbishop Chrysostomos of Etna.
1967:began to emerge a century later (
1842:The Sayings of the Desert Fathers
1812:The Sayings of the Desert Fathers
1609:The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima
1554:From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart
406:The Sayings of the Desert Fathers
6864:
6847:
6830:
6813:
6796:
6763:
6751:
6630:MarĂa de las Maravillas de JesĂșs
6487:Seven Maccabees and their mother
5673:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
4380:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
3922:"Historia Monachorum in Aegypto"
3354:Christian monasticism before 451
3328:
3314:
3300:
3286:
2795:(1979). Eastern Orthodox Books.
2779:The Wisdom of the Desert Fathers
2749:The Wisdom of the Desert Fathers
2269:The Evergetinos: A Complete Text
1974:) and features sayings from the
1963:The collection now known as the
1940:Apophthegmata Patrum Alphabetica
1624:On the Consolation of Philosophy
1604:Calls from the Message of Fatima
506:
6929:Groups of Roman Catholic saints
6914:Christian religious occupations
2204:A History of the Monks of Syria
2184:, collection of sayings of the
2067:The Lives of the Desert Fathers
124:or believed in a similar idea.
2717:Ward, Benedicta (translator).
2687:Ward, Benedicta (translator).
2081:Paradise of the Desert Fathers
2073:Historia Monachorum in Aegypto
1953:Anonymous Patrum Apophthegmata
679:Stages of Christian perfection
97:, and the most well known was
93:. The first Desert Father was
1:
6595:Faustina and Liberata of Como
5783:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia
5728:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
4652:Saints of the Catholic Church
4450:10.1017/CHOL9780521811132.012
4046:10.1017/CHOL9780521811132.025
3392:Eastern Christian monasticism
2440:Luibheid, Colm (translator).
2297:Beasley-Topliffe, Keith, ed.
2220:(not to be confused with the
1996:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
1968:
1849:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
368:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
292:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
278:, west of the Nile, begun by
90:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
56:, who lived primarily in the
4288:. New York: Modern Library.
4247:. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
4130:(1991). "Cassian, John". In
2834:Wortley, John (translator).
2820:Wortley, John (translator).
2806:Wortley, John (translator).
2793:Wisdom of the Desert Fathers
2282:Arras, Victor (translator).
2053:Ethiopic Collectio Monastica
1806:
1792:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1749:
1738:
1726:
139:spirituality, including the
4577:Wortley, John, ed. (2012).
4551:. In Petry, Carl F. (ed.).
4226:10.1093/0195162234.001.0001
4010:"Life of St. Anthony"
3928:, Oxford University Press,
1599:Fatima in Lucia's Own Words
1569:The Ladder of Divine Ascent
366:on the Desert Fathers. The
212:was made legal in Egypt by
183:Saint Catherine's Monastery
6955:
6758:Catholic Church portal
5718:Saints of the Cristero War
4547:Wilfong, Terry G. (1998).
3620:Gregory & Kazhdan 1991
3596:Irvin & Sundquist 2001
3468:Olupona, Jacob K. (2014).
3359:Christian contemplation §
3240:Theodore of Eleutheropolis
2621:Price, R. M (translator).
1846:
1629:The Mirror of Simple Souls
1579:Revelations of Divine Love
457:Shenouda the Archimandrite
301:
166:
6746:
5753:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
5523:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
4698:Mother of God (Theotokos)
4658:
3264:Theophilus the Archbishop
2442:John Cassian: Conferences
2312:Budge, Sir E. A. Wallis.
1989:List of traditional texts
1935:saying, maxim or aphorism
1634:Sister Catherine Treatise
1475:Reflection on the New Age
914:Symeon the New Theologian
638:Invoking of Mystic Saints
404:are mostly known through
5899:Joseph (father of Jesus)
5285:Athanasius of Alexandria
5067:Athanasius of Alexandria
4951:Theophanes the Confessor
4931:Paul I of Constantinople
4926:Paphnutius the Confessor
4871:Athanasius the Confessor
4104:Egan, Harvey D. (1996).
4005:Athanasius of Alexandria
3962:Russell, Norman, trans.
2536:The Wisdom of the Desert
2485:McGuckin, John Anthony.
2176:Athanasius of Alexandria
1804:who lived in community.
1459:Contemporary papal views
1353:Mary of the Divine Heart
461:Athanasius of Alexandria
438:Syncletica of Alexandria
208:. Only ten years later,
202:Diocletianic Persecution
112:, first influencing the
103:Athanasius of Alexandria
5831:Gregory the Illuminator
5801:Augustine of Canterbury
5350:Dionysius of Alexandria
5265:Alexander of Alexandria
4606:. Netherlands: Leiden.
3476:Oxford University Press
2984:Eucharistus the Secular
2635:St. Paisius Monastery.
2141:Nicodemus the Hagiorite
2125:Nicodemus the Hagiorite
2016:Anonymous Apophthegmata
1840:Selected excerpts from
1827:Recitation of scripture
1818:Charity and forgiveness
1712:Withdrawal from society
1564:The Imitation of Christ
1544:Abbey of the Holy Ghost
1534:Book of the First Monks
1285:Anne Catherine Emmerich
1279:Mary of Jesus of Ăgreda
517:Theology and philosophy
386:, notable Desert Father
64:, beginning around the
62:Roman province of Egypt
5270:Alexander of Jerusalem
4876:Chariton the Confessor
4838:in the Catholic Church
3257:Theodorus of Tabennese
3221:Serapion the Sindonite
3178:Paphnutius the Ascetic
3123:Macarius of Alexandria
3017:Gregory the Theologian
2850:List of Desert Fathers
2642:Strohmeier, John, ed.
2233:Modern published texts
2072:
2059:
2040:The Book of the Elders
2015:
2001:
1952:
1939:
1929:
1619:The Cloud of Unknowing
1519:Dark Night of the Soul
1514:Ascent of Mount Carmel
1411:Sister LĂșcia of FĂĄtima
1399:Alexandrina of Balazar
1231:Margaret Mary Alacoque
1112:Mechthild of Magdeburg
387:
356:Rule of Saint Benedict
316:
284:
248:
186:
149:
70:
41:
6939:Christian terminology
6934:Christian monasticism
6785:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
6701:Fourteen Holy Helpers
6665:Trasilla and Emiliana
5816:Evermode of Ratzeburg
5698:Perpetua and Felicity
5668:Martyrs of Sandomierz
5538:Dismas the Good Thief
5465:Theophilus of Antioch
5435:Maximus the Confessor
5370:Epiphanius of Salamis
5310:Clement of Alexandria
5024:Doctors of the Church
4916:Maximus the Confessor
4703:Immaculate Conception
4349:Nes, Solrunn (2007).
4132:Kazhdan, Alexander P.
4128:Kazhdan, Alexander P.
3893:, pp. xviâxviii.
3409:Pachomian monasteries
3268:Zachariah the Recluse
3009:Gelasius of Nilopolis
2980:Epiphanius of Salamis
2036:Systematic Collection
1976:Alphabetic Collection
1965:Systematic Collection
1644:The Vision of AdamnĂĄn
1464:Aspects of meditation
538:Catholic spirituality
381:
321:Christian monasticism
311:
304:Pachomian monasteries
242:
176:
147:in Pennsylvania, the
110:Christian monasticism
48:were early Christian
33:
6605:Hiltrude of Liessies
6550:Catherine of Bologna
6545:Bernadette Soubirous
5738:17 Thomasian Martyrs
5548:Four Crowned Martyrs
5470:Victorinus of Pettau
5450:Papias of Hierapolis
5420:Jerome of Stridonium
5385:Gregory of Nazianzus
5355:Dionysius of Corinth
5177:Lawrence of Brindisi
5132:Bernard of Clairvaux
5107:Anselm of Canterbury
5062:Gregory of Nazianzus
4989:Priscilla and Aquila
4886:Edward the Confessor
4309:Wisdom of the Desert
4156:Guillaumont, Antoine
3827:Burton-Christie 1993
3632:Burton-Christie 1993
3507:Burton-Christie 1993
3173:Paphnutius of Thebes
3100:Joseph of Panephysis
2836:The Lausiac History.
2521:Wisdom of the Desert
2433:Keller, David G. R.
2238:Agailby, Elizabeth.
2209:Theodoret of Cyrrhus
2101:Palladius of Galatia
2089:Garden of the Monks)
2060:Apophthegmata Patrum
2002:Apophthegmata Patrum
1493:Literature and media
1338:Bernadette Soubirous
1095:Beatrice of Nazareth
1034:Beatrice of Nazareth
899:Bernard of Clairvaux
286:Apophthegmata Patrum
133:Rule of St. Benedict
72:Apophthegmata Patrum
6655:Teresa of the Andes
6535:Angela of the Cross
6497:Zechariah (prophet)
5643:Martyrs of La Rioja
5638:21 Martyrs of Libya
5528:Christina of Persia
5508:Charles de Foucauld
5445:Quadratus of Athens
5405:Ignatius of Antioch
5375:Fulgentius of Ruspe
5325:Cyril of Alexandria
5320:Cyprian of Carthage
5305:Cappadocian Fathers
5202:Hildegard of Bingen
5072:Cyril of Alexandria
4946:Sergius of Radonezh
4708:Perpetual virginity
4370:Griffith, Sidney H.
4124:Gregory, Timothy E.
3829:, pp. 161â163.
3622:, pp. 387â388.
3598:, pp. 210â212.
3349:Cappadocian Fathers
3322:Christianity portal
3203:Pitirim of Porphyry
3163:Pachomius the Great
3063:Isidore of Pelusium
2999:Euthymius the Great
2990:Eulogius the Priest
2942:Chaeremon of Nitria
2937:Carion the Egyptian
2905:Apollo the Shepherd
2343:Carrigan, Henry L.
2284:Collectio monastica
2214:The Life of Anthony
2163:The Life of Anthony
2145:Macarius of Corinth
2129:Macarius of Corinth
2034:(also known as the
1911:Abba John the Dwarf
1800:, as compared to a
1745:Prayer of the Heart
1589:Theologia Germanica
1584:The Story of a Soul
1559:The Glories of Mary
1539:The Interior Castle
1437:Charles de Foucauld
1049:John van Ruysbroeck
909:Hildegard of Bingen
768:(by era or century)
613:Spiritual direction
500:Christian mysticism
181:and a Cherub" from
6696:Four Holy Marshals
6691:Calendar of saints
6660:Teresa of Calcutta
6640:Patricia of Naples
6565:Catherine of Siena
5846:Patrick of Ireland
5768:Vietnamese Martyrs
5658:Martyrs of Otranto
5613:Martyrs of Cajonos
5608:Martyrs of Algeria
5603:Martyrs of Albania
5563:The Holy Innocents
5533:Devasahayam Pillai
5518:Carthusian Martyrs
5460:Polycarp of Smyrna
5415:Isidore of Seville
5400:Hippolytus of Rome
5395:Hilary of Poitiers
5330:Cyril of Jerusalem
5295:Caesarius of Arles
5290:Augustine of Hippo
5192:ThérÚse of Lisieux
5187:Catherine of Siena
5137:Hilary of Poitiers
5112:Isidore of Seville
5087:Bede the Venerable
5077:Cyril of Jerusalem
5042:Augustine of Hippo
4956:Pio of Pietrelcina
4921:Michael of Synnada
4600:Agailby, Elizabeth
4473:The Desert Fathers
3414:Sinaites in Serbia
3387:Early Christianity
3372:Coptic monasticism
3253:Theodore of Scetis
3249:Theodore of Pherme
3244:Theodore of Enaton
3216:Serapion of Thmuis
3128:Macarius the Great
3118:Lucius the Ascetic
3047:Isaac of the Cells
2994:Euprepius of Egypt
2926:Bessarion of Egypt
2916:Arsenius the Great
2674:The Desert Fathers
2218:Serapion of Thmuis
2167:Serapion of Nitria
1524:Spiritual Canticle
1359:ThérÚse of Lisieux
1343:Conchita de Armida
1261:John of St. Samson
1251:Charles de Condren
1241:Jean-Jacques Olier
1194:Catherine of Genoa
1160:Francisco de Osuna
1154:Ignatius of Loyola
1107:Catherine of Siena
837:Arsenius the Great
728:Passive asceticism
422:Arsenius the Great
388:
384:Arsenius the Great
360:Benedict of Nursia
317:
249:
187:
155:movement, and the
42:
6778:
6777:
6770:Saints portal
6721:Miles Christianus
6706:Martyr of charity
6675:Josephine Bakhita
6670:Ubaldesca Taccini
6615:Kateri Tekakwitha
6590:Faustina Kowalska
6580:Eulalia of MĂ©rida
6560:Catherine Labouré
6555:Brigid of Kildare
6382:Baruch ben Neriah
5826:François de Laval
5811:Damien of Molokai
5778:Victor and Corona
5773:Valentine of Rome
5663:Martyrs of Prague
5628:Martyrs of Gorkum
5588:Martyrs of LĂŒbeck
5475:Vincent of LĂ©rins
5455:Peter Chrysologus
5410:Irenaeus of Lyons
5380:Gregory the Great
5365:Ephrem the Syrian
5162:Robert Bellarmine
5157:John of the Cross
5142:Alphonsus Liguori
5117:Peter Chrysologus
5092:Ephrem the Syrian
5057:Basil of Caesarea
5032:Gregory the Great
5014:Seventy disciples
4906:Lazarus Zographos
4891:Francis of Assisi
4761:James of Alphaeus
4718:Marian apparition
4613:978-90-04-38327-2
4588:978-0-87907-201-8
4562:978-0-521-47137-4
4539:978-0-88141-209-3
4530:The Inner Kingdom
4510:978-0-87907-959-8
4483:978-0-472-06008-5
4459:978-0-521-81113-2
4428:978-0-7425-5409-2
4406:978-0-664-22416-5
4387:978-0-631-23203-2
4360:978-0-8028-1764-8
4341:978-0-913836-11-8
4319:978-0-8112-0102-5
4295:978-0-8129-7421-8
4273:978-0-8146-3034-1
4254:978-0-567-08866-6
4235:978-0-19-516222-6
4147:978-0-19-518792-2
4115:978-0-8146-6012-6
4096:978-1-933316-56-7
4083:Chryssavgis, John
4074:978-0-19-508333-0
4055:978-0-521-81113-2
3943:978-0-19-866277-8
3704:Parry et al. 1999
3682:, pp. 19â29.
3485:978-0-19-979058-6
3207:Philemon of Egypt
3104:Joseph the Theban
3085:John the Cenobite
3068:Isidore of Scetes
3004:Evagrius Ponticus
2975:Ephrem the Syrian
2947:Cronius of Nitria
2900:Anthony the Great
2868:Agathon of Scetis
2860:Abraham of Scetis
2747:Ward, Benedicta.
2732:Ward, Benedicta.
2712:978-1-55635-339-0
2702:Ward, Benedicta.
2470:Mayers, Gregory.
2403:Gregg, Robert C.
2248:978-90-04-38327-2
2085:Bustan al-Rohbaan
1980:Anonymous Sayings
1784:Evagrius Ponticus
1780:Macarius of Egypt
1709:
1708:
1529:Way of Perfection
1484:
1483:
1405:Faustina Kowalska
1323:Catherine Labouré
1303:
1302:
1291:Veronica Giuliani
1246:Louis de Montfort
1236:Pierre de BĂ©rulle
1201:
1200:
1176:John of the Cross
1124:
1123:
1117:Marguerite Porete
1101:Bridget of Sweden
1011:Julian of Norwich
985:Angela of Foligno
965:Francis of Assisi
947:Dominic de GuzmĂĄn
847:Macarius of Egypt
832:Anthony the Great
722:Religious ecstasy
717:Spiritual dryness
644:Active asceticism
548:Mystical theology
469:Evagrius Ponticus
430:Macarius of Egypt
418:Anthony the Great
344:Basil of Caesarea
230:Coptic traditions
194:Anthony the Great
157:Methodist Revival
137:Eastern Christian
99:Anthony the Great
39:Anthony the Great
16:(Redirected from
6946:
6924:Egyptian hermits
6909:Christian orders
6877:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6860:
6859:from Wikiversity
6852:
6851:
6850:
6843:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6826:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6809:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6789:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6756:
6755:
6635:Narcisa de JesĂșs
6620:Lucy of Syracuse
6525:Agatha of Sicily
6437:John the Baptist
5683:Maximilian Kolbe
5678:Martyrs of Zenta
5653:Martyrs of Natal
5633:Martyrs of Japan
5623:Martyrs of China
5618:Martyrs of Drina
5553:Gerard of CsanĂĄd
5513:Canadian Martyrs
5498:Abda and Abdisho
5440:Melito of Sardis
5430:John of Damascus
5390:Gregory of Nyssa
5275:Ambrose of Milan
5207:Gregory of Narek
5172:Anthony of Padua
5147:Francis de Sales
5082:John of Damascus
4728:Joseph (husband)
4680: â
4676: â
4672: â
4645:
4638:
4631:
4622:
4617:
4592:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4543:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4502:
4487:
4463:
4432:
4410:
4391:
4364:
4345:
4328:Meyendorff, John
4323:
4299:
4277:
4258:
4239:
4215:
4208:
4163:
4151:
4119:
4100:
4078:
4059:
4028:
4012:
3991:
3985:
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3952:
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3894:
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3852:
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3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3752:Guillaumont 1979
3749:
3743:
3733:
3727:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3680:Chryssavgis 2008
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3656:Chryssavgis 2008
3653:
3647:
3644:Chryssavgis 2008
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3580:
3574:
3565:
3559:
3548:
3545:Chryssavgis 2008
3542:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3465:
3454:
3451:Chryssavgis 2008
3448:
3404:Fools for Christ
3338:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3308:Biography portal
3305:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3231:Sisoes the Great
3226:Silvanus of Gaza
3051:Isaac the Theban
3042:Isaac of Nineveh
2970:Elias the Hermit
2957:Daniel of Scetis
2884:Ammonas of Egypt
2672:Waddell, Helen.
2534:Merton, Thomas.
2519:Merton, Thomas.
2500:Merton, Thomas.
2455:Matarazzo, Jon.
2198:Isaiah of Scetis
2075:
2062:
2018:
2004:
1973:
1970:
1955:
1942:
1932:
1916:
1909:"It was said of
1902:
1886:
1870:
1863:
1809:
1795:
1788:Gregory of Nyssa
1777:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1741:
1731:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1468:Orationis Formas
1412:
1400:
1360:
1348:Luisa Piccarreta
1296:Francis de Sales
1286:
1271:
1218:
1186:
1161:
1141:
1102:
980:Jacopone da Todi
970:Anthony of Padua
934:
807:
806:Pseudo-Dionysius
800:Gregory of Nyssa
774:
770:
769:
706:
697:
673:
666:
659:
510:
487:
289:
154:
131:and the western
75:
66:third century AD
21:
6954:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6870:
6865:
6863:
6853:
6848:
6846:
6842:from Wikisource
6836:
6831:
6829:
6819:
6814:
6812:
6808:from Wiktionary
6802:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6788:sister projects
6787:
6779:
6774:
6764:
6762:
6750:
6742:
6733:Seven Champions
6726:Church Militant
6716:Athleta Christi
6711:Military saints
6679:
6575:Clare of Assisi
6511:
6447:Judas Barsabbas
6353:
5925:
5855:
5841:Nino of Georgia
5787:
5693:Pedro Calungsod
5648:Martyrs of Laos
5593:Luigi Versiglia
5484:
5425:John Chrysostom
5315:Clement of Rome
5256:
5249:
5216:
5182:Teresa of Ăvila
5167:Albertus Magnus
5052:John Chrysostom
5018:
4979:Mary of Bethany
4960:
4866:Anthony of Kiev
4847:
4815:
4766:James the Great
4732:
4684:
4663:
4654:
4649:
4614:
4598:
4595:
4589:
4576:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4546:
4540:
4526:Ware, Kallistos
4524:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4500:
4492:Ward, Benedicta
4490:
4484:
4466:
4460:
4438:Angold, Michael
4435:
4429:
4415:Riddle, John M.
4413:
4407:
4394:
4388:
4376:, eds. (1999).
4367:
4361:
4348:
4342:
4326:
4320:
4302:
4296:
4282:McGinn, Bernard
4280:
4274:
4261:
4255:
4242:
4236:
4216: (2004).
4213:
4211:
4181:10.2307/3169395
4166:
4154:
4148:
4122:
4116:
4103:
4097:
4081:
4075:
4062:
4056:
4034:Angold, Michael
4031:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3903:Wortley, John.
3902:
3901:
3897:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:, p. 244;
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3750:
3746:
3734:
3730:
3720:Meyendorff 1974
3718:, p. 588;
3714:
3710:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3583:
3575:
3568:
3562:Athanasius 1892
3560:
3551:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3513:
3509:, pp. 7â9.
3505:
3501:
3486:
3467:
3466:
3457:
3449:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3188:Paul the Simple
3133:Moses the Black
3096:John the Eunuch
3093:John the Theban
2921:Basil the Great
2879:Amoun of Nitria
2852:
2572:Nomura, Yushi.
2418:Gruen, Anselm.
2235:
2222:Life of Anthony
2150:The Conferences
2096:Lausiac History
2083:(also known as
1991:
1971:
1924:
1922:Essential texts
1914:
1900:
1884:
1868:
1861:
1851:
1845:
1829:
1820:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1676:
1675:
1594:Devotio Moderna
1494:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1410:
1398:
1388:Therese Neumann
1378:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1284:
1269:
1215:
1203:
1202:
1184:
1171:Teresa of Ăvila
1159:
1138:
1126:
1125:
1100:
1072:Johannes Tauler
1067:Meister Eckhart
931:
919:
918:
894:
882:
881:
867:John Chrysostom
852:Moses the Black
822:
812:
811:
805:
785:Ancient African
780:
771:
767:
766:
758:
757:
742:
729:
700:
693:
669:
662:
655:
645:
620:
578:
573:
565:
564:
518:
485:
465:John Chrysostom
434:Moses the Black
376:
306:
300:
245:Saint Onuphrius
232:also spread to
171:
165:
151:Devotio Moderna
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6952:
6950:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6899:Church Fathers
6896:
6894:Desert Fathers
6886:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6861:
6844:
6827:
6825:from Wikiquote
6810:
6783:Desert Fathers
6781:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6760:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6738:Virtuous pagan
6735:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6521:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6502:Zechariah (NT)
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
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6409:
6404:
6399:
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6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
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6361:
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6354:
6352:
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6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5935:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5836:JunĂpero Serra
5833:
5828:
5823:
5821:Francis Xavier
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5763:Uganda Martyrs
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5733:Titus Brandsma
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5708:Pietro Parenzo
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5578:Korean Martyrs
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5503:Boris and Gleb
5500:
5494:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5345:Desert Mothers
5342:
5340:Desert Fathers
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5261:
5259:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Peter Canisius
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5097:Thomas Aquinas
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4984:Mary Magdalene
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Louis Bertrand
4908:
4903:
4898:
4896:Francis Borgia
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4723:Titles of Mary
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4670:Servant of God
4659:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4612:
4594:
4593:
4587:
4574:
4561:
4544:
4538:
4522:
4509:
4494:, ed. (1984).
4488:
4482:
4468:Waddell, Helen
4464:
4458:
4433:
4427:
4411:
4405:
4392:
4386:
4374:Healy, John F.
4365:
4359:
4346:
4340:
4324:
4318:
4304:Merton, Thomas
4300:
4294:
4284:, ed. (2006).
4278:
4272:
4259:
4253:
4240:
4234:
4209:
4175:(3): 483â518.
4169:Church History
4164:
4152:
4146:
4120:
4114:
4101:
4095:
4079:
4073:
4060:
4054:
4029:
4015:Schaff, Philip
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3980:
3968:
3955:
3942:
3912:
3895:
3883:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3831:
3819:
3804:
3792:
3790:, p. 304.
3780:
3778:, p. 101.
3768:
3766:, p. 125.
3756:
3744:
3742:, p. 262.
3738:, p. 97;
3728:
3726:, p. 250.
3708:
3696:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3612:
3610:, p. 193.
3600:
3581:
3566:
3549:
3534:
3523:
3511:
3499:
3484:
3478:. p. 90.
3455:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3382:Desert Mothers
3379:
3374:
3369:
3367:Church Fathers
3364:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3336:History portal
3325:
3311:
3297:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Paul the Great
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3138:Nilus of Sinai
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3089:John the Dwarf
3086:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3055:Isaiah of Gaza
3052:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2832:
2818:
2804:
2790:
2775:
2760:
2745:
2730:
2715:
2700:
2685:
2670:
2655:
2640:
2633:
2619:
2593:The Philokalia
2589:
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2388:Cowan, James.
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2330:Cain, Andrew.
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2186:Desert Mothers
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2172:Life of Antony
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2154:The Institutes
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827:Paul of Thebes
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190:Paul of Thebes
185:, Sinai, Egypt
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120:to. Some were
95:Paul of Thebes
87:, in print as
60:desert of the
46:Desert Fathers
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3884:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3869:, p. 86.
3868:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3845:, p. 55.
3844:
3840:
3839:Harmless 2004
3835:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3817:, p. 71.
3816:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3802:, p. 97.
3801:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3788:Peterson 2008
3784:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:, p. 1;
3721:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3706:, p. 91.
3705:
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3668:Harmless 2000
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3597:
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3579:, p. 43.
3578:
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3563:
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3556:
3554:
3550:
3547:, p. 16.
3546:
3541:
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3535:
3532:
3531:Matthew 19:21
3527:
3524:
3521:, p. 30.
3520:
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3491:
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3294:Saints portal
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3081:John of Egypt
3079:
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2801:0-89981-108-6
2798:
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2787:0-7283-0109-1
2784:
2780:
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2773:
2772:0-87907-934-7
2769:
2765:
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2758:
2757:0-7459-3975-9
2754:
2750:
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2743:
2742:0-7283-0034-6
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2728:
2727:0-87907-959-2
2724:
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2709:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:0-14-044731-8
2694:
2690:
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2683:
2682:0-375-70019-6
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:0-8091-4016-0
2664:
2660:
2657:Swan, Laura.
2656:
2653:
2652:0-9725200-6-6
2649:
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2583:
2582:0-385-18079-9
2579:
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2567:1-57075-371-7
2564:
2560:
2556:
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2552:0-8112-0313-1
2549:
2548:0-86012-276-X
2545:
2544:0-87773-976-5
2541:
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2533:
2530:
2529:0-8112-0102-3
2526:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:0-85969-003-2
2511:
2510:1-59030-039-4
2507:
2503:
2499:
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2495:1-59030-007-6
2492:
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2480:0-89243-930-0
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2398:1-59030-145-5
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2368:0-941532-51-8
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2353:1-55725-283-1
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2325:9780980517125
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2321:9780980517149
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2307:0-8358-0902-1
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2277:9780911165777
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2017:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1993:
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1988:
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1981:
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1972: 500 AD
1966:
1961:
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1954:
1948:
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1941:
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1649:Divine Comedy
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1614:Sol de FĂĄtima
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1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:Ordo Virtutum
1502:
1500:
1499:Lingua ignota
1497:
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1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1456:
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1432:Thomas Merton
1430:
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1365:Gemma Galgani
1363:
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1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
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1318:Dina BĂ©langer
1316:
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1166:John of Ăvila
1164:
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1022:
1017:
1016:Margery Kempe
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Walter Hilton
1004:
1002:
1001:Richard Rolle
999:
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986:
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978:
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658:
654:
653:
652:
651:Contemplation
649:
648:
643:
642:
639:
636:
634:
633:
632:Lectio Divina
629:
627:
624:
623:
618:
617:
614:
611:
607:
604:
603:
602:
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595:
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581:
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575:
569:
568:
559:
556:
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554:
551:
549:
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541:
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531:
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520:
514:
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454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:) or mother (
395:
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385:
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373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
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353:
347:
345:
341:
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315:
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277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
246:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Constantine I
216:'s successor
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
195:
191:
184:
180:
175:
170:
163:Early history
162:
160:
158:
153:
152:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
79:
74:
73:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
36:
32:
19:
18:Desert Father
6881:
6871:
6854:
6837:
6820:
6803:
6782:
6650:Rose of Lima
6144:John Paul II
5974:Anastasius I
5944:Adeodatus II
5918:
5793:Missionaries
5703:Peter Chanel
5688:Ăscar Romero
5583:Lorenzo Ruiz
5558:Great Martyr
5339:
5127:Peter Damian
4936:Peter Claver
4666:canonization
4603:
4578:
4566:. Retrieved
4552:
4529:
4514:. Retrieved
4496:
4472:
4441:
4418:
4396:
4377:
4350:
4331:
4308:
4285:
4263:
4244:
4217:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4135:
4105:
4086:
4064:
4037:
4023:
3997:Bibliography
3983:
3976:Agailby 2018
3971:
3963:
3958:
3949:29 September
3947:, retrieved
3925:
3915:
3905:
3898:
3891:Wortley 2012
3886:
3874:
3862:
3857:, p. 8.
3850:
3834:
3822:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3731:
3711:
3699:
3694:, p. 4.
3687:
3675:
3663:
3658:, p. 6.
3651:
3646:, p. 4.
3639:
3634:, p. 6.
3627:
3615:
3608:Wilfong 1998
3603:
3526:
3519:Waddell 1957
3514:
3502:
3470:
3396:
3360:
3273:Zeno of Gaza
3153:Or of Nitria
3113:Lot of Egypt
3076:John Cassian
2853:
2835:
2821:
2807:
2792:
2778:
2763:
2748:
2733:
2718:
2703:
2688:
2673:
2658:
2643:
2636:
2622:
2596:
2592:
2573:
2558:
2535:
2520:
2501:
2486:
2471:
2456:
2441:
2434:
2419:
2404:
2389:
2374:
2359:
2344:
2331:
2313:
2298:
2283:
2268:
2254:
2239:
2221:
2213:
2202:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2162:
2158:John Cassian
2153:
2149:
2134:
2117:
2108:Vitae Patrum
2106:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2065:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2008:
1994:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1925:
1896:Abba Anthony
1841:
1834:John Cassian
1830:
1821:
1811:
1797:
1790:. The title
1763:
1724:
1715:
1474:
1467:
1447:Elena Aiello
1393:Marthe Robin
1211:
1134:
927:
890:
877:John Cassian
819:
701:
689:Divinization
664:Jesus Prayer
630:
477:John Cassian
442:
413:
409:
405:
397:
391:
389:
367:
364:John Cassian
352:John Cassian
348:
339:
338:(father) or
335:
333:
329:
318:
291:
257:
250:
210:Christianity
206:Roman Empire
199:
188:
126:
122:monophysites
107:
88:
45:
43:
6805:Definitions
6610:Joan of Arc
6540:Ăthelthryth
6457:Melchizedek
6319:Telesphorus
6309:Sylvester I
6194:Marcellus I
6189:Marcellinus
6109:Gregory VII
6104:Gregory III
6019:Celestine V
6014:Celestine I
6009:Callixtus I
5999:Boniface IV
5989:Benedict II
5964:Alexander I
5939:Adeodatus I
5758:Ulma Family
5748:Thomas More
5598:Martyrology
5573:John Fisher
5222:Evangelists
5102:Bonaventure
4756:Bartholomew
4690:Virgin Mary
4019:Wace, Henry
3843:Keller 2005
3764:McGinn 2006
3692:Merton 1960
3577:Riddle 2008
3419:Therapeutae
3037:Hyperechios
2120:Evergetinos
1930:apophthegms
1427:Alfred Delp
1422:Simone Weil
1417:Edgar Cayce
975:Bonaventure
748:Charismatic
584:Monasticism
577:Monasticism
553:Neoplatonic
543:Hellenistic
129:Mount Athos
6919:Hesychasts
6904:Asceticism
6888:Categories
6822:Quotations
6344:Zephyrinus
6304:Stephen IV
6289:Sixtus III
6269:Simplicius
6214:Nicholas I
6139:John XXIII
6129:Innocent I
6099:Gregory II
6089:Gelasius I
5994:Boniface I
5954:Agapetus I
5949:Adrian III
5920:Matriarchs
5861:Patriarchs
5480:Zephyrinus
4853:Confessors
4821:Archangels
4713:Assumption
4664:Stages of
3716:Binns 2006
3474:. Oxford:
3425:References
3022:Heraclides
2888:Ammonathas
2829:0521509882
2815:0879072016
2630:0879079886
2616:057119382X
2612:0571125492
2608:0571154662
2604:0571130135
2465:0595290191
2450:080912694X
2413:0809103095
2383:0879077506
2339:0198758251
2292:9042902787
2226:Athanasius
2136:Philokalia
2044:Gerontikon
1933:(meaning:
1764:The words
1751:Philokalia
1732:(from the
1659:Purgatorio
1574:Philokalia
1256:John Eudes
1210:17th
1133:15th
1077:Henry Suso
956:Franciscan
926:13th
889:11th
862:Athanasius
857:Syncletica
795:Thomasines
735:Abstinence
626:Meditation
619:Meditation
601:Asceticism
533:Cataphatic
412:and three
302:See also:
280:Saint Amun
253:asceticism
214:Diocletian
167:See also:
6856:Resources
6600:Genevieve
6507:Zephaniah
6314:Symmachus
6299:Stephen I
6284:Sixtus II
6264:Silverius
6259:Sergius I
6219:Paschal I
6209:Miltiades
6119:Hormisdas
6094:Gregory I
6079:Felix III
6064:Evaristus
6059:Eutychian
6044:Eleuterus
6039:Dionysius
6034:Damasus I
6029:Cornelius
6024:Clement I
5969:Anacletus
5713:Philomena
5360:Dionysius
5335:Damasus I
5280:Anatolius
4966:Disciples
4901:Homobonus
4861:Anatolius
4674:Venerable
4470:(1957) .
4205:162955580
4189:1755-2613
3988:Ward 1984
3867:Ward 1984
3855:Ward 1984
3815:Egan 1996
3776:Ware 2000
3740:Rock 2006
3724:Ward 1984
3494:839396781
3430:Footnotes
3344:Anchorite
3148:Onuphrius
3059:Ischyrion
3013:Gerontias
2962:Dioscorus
2193:Asceticon
2182:Matericon
1807:Hesychasm
1793:hesychast
1767:hesychast
1758:Hesychast
1739:Hesychasm
1728:Hesychasm
1721:Hesychasm
1383:Padre Pio
1044:Hadewijch
1039:Lutgardis
938:Dominican
779:Antiquity
695:Catharsis
657:Hesychasm
606:Mendicant
572:Practices
528:Ascetical
523:Apophatic
483:Practices
449:Pachomius
325:Pachomius
314:Pachomius
264:Pachomius
260:cenobitic
141:Hesychast
6684:See also
6585:Euphemia
6422:Jeremiah
6402:Habakkuk
6359:Prophets
6334:Vitalian
6329:Victor I
6279:Sixtus I
6274:Siricius
6204:Martin I
6184:Lucius I
6149:Julius I
6114:Hilarius
6084:Felix IV
6054:Eusebius
6049:Eugene I
5979:Anicetus
5851:Remigius
5806:Boniface
5212:Irenaeus
4994:Silvanus
4941:Salonius
4786:Matthias
4751:Barnabas
4738:Apostles
4602:(2018).
4528:(2000).
4417:(2008).
4330:(1974).
4306:(1960).
4085:(2008).
4021:(eds.).
4007:(1892).
3800:Nes 2007
3736:Nes 2007
3280:See also
3236:Spyridon
3158:Orsisius
3108:Longinus
3032:Hilarion
2987:Eudaimon
2930:Benjamin
2864:Achilles
1978:and the
1802:cenobite
1774:hesychia
1664:Paradiso
904:Guigo II
872:Hilarion
753:Esoteric
741:Esoteric
684:Hesychia
671:Quietism
492:a series
490:Part of
473:Hilarion
382:Icon of
358:, where
312:Icon of
179:Macarius
145:Pietists
118:preached
54:ascetics
37:icon of
6645:Rosalia
6570:Cecilia
6517:Virgins
6477:Obadiah
6452:Malachi
6397:Ezekiel
6349:Zosimus
6339:Zachary
6324:Urban I
6254:Pontian
6229:Paul VI
6164:Leo III
6124:Hyginus
6074:Felix I
5984:Anterus
5914:Solomon
5879:Abraham
5723:Stephen
5490:Martyrs
5257:Fathers
5230:Matthew
5037:Ambrose
5004:Timothy
4999:Stephen
4974:Apollos
4881:Dominic
4843:Raphael
4836:
4834:Michael
4829:Gabriel
4781:Matthew
4678:Blessed
4568:24 June
4516:24 June
4440:(ed.).
4197:3169395
4134:(ed.).
4036:(ed.).
3361:Theoria
3261:Theonas
2875:Alonius
2042:or the
1891:alone."
1654:Inferno
1509:Scivias
1470:, 1989)
1145:Spanish
1025:Flemish
993:English
765:People
712:Kenosis
703:Theosis
594:Silence
558:Henosis
453:Abba Or
420:, were
177:"Saint
50:hermits
6492:Simeon
6482:Samuel
6417:Isaiah
6407:Haggai
6392:Elijah
6367:Agabus
6249:Pius X
6244:Pius V
6239:Pius I
6224:Paul I
6174:Leo IX
6169:Leo IV
6159:Leo II
6134:John I
6069:Fabian
5959:Agatho
5894:Joseph
5255:Church
5047:Jerome
4811:Thomas
4801:Philip
4746:Andrew
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1798:hermit
1786:, and
1671:Fatima
1477:(2003)
1270:Others
1222:French
1185:Others
1086:Female
1058:German
842:Poemen
790:Origen
471:, and
455:, and
445:Jerome
436:, and
426:Poemen
276:Scetis
272:Kellia
268:Nitria
114:Coptic
78:desert
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58:Scetes
35:Coptic
6839:Texts
6472:Nahum
6467:Moses
6462:Micah
6442:Jonah
6412:Hosea
6387:David
6294:Soter
6234:Peter
6179:Linus
6154:Leo I
6004:Caius
5931:Popes
5904:David
5889:Jacob
5884:Isaac
5300:Caius
5009:Titus
4806:Simon
4796:Peter
4682:Saint
4501:(PDF)
4201:S2CID
4193:JSTOR
4013:. In
3168:Pambo
3072:James
2952:Cyrus
2933:Biare
2909:Appby
2895:Anoub
1899:vain.
1734:Greek
414:ammas
410:abbas
234:Nubia
226:Syria
222:Egypt
81:monks
6873:Data
6432:Joel
6377:Anna
6372:Amos
6199:Mark
5909:Noah
5874:Abel
5869:Adam
5245:John
5240:Luke
5235:Mark
4791:Paul
4776:Jude
4771:John
4608:ISBN
4583:ISBN
4570:2018
4557:ISBN
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4518:2018
4505:ISBN
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4230:ISBN
4185:ISSN
4142:ISBN
4110:ISBN
4091:ISBN
4069:ISBN
4050:ISBN
3951:2020
3938:ISBN
3490:OCLC
3480:ISBN
3193:Pior
2912:Ares
2839:ISBN
2825:ISBN
2811:ISBN
2797:ISBN
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