53:
458:
24:
384:, outer defense ring of cruisers and destroyers at night. After cracking the outer defense ring, IJN cruisers and destroyers were to launch torpedo attacks on the enemy's battleships. What remained of the enemy fleet was then to be finished-off by the IJN's main battleship line the following day.
401:
battleships with four heavy, "super" cruisers. As envisioned by the IJN in 1936, these ships, the B-65 cruisers, would mount 310 mm (12.2 in) guns, carry armor designed to withstand hits from 203mm (8 in) shells, and be capable of speeds up to 40 knots. They would be designated as
306:
Begun in 1939, plans were far enough along that tests were conducted with the main armament and against the underwater protection. Even though the ships were approved for construction under a 1942 fleet replenishment program, the prioritizing of aircraft carriers and smaller ships due to the war,
409:
The plan for the cruiser class was finalized as part of the IJN's Circle Five and Circle Six warship construction plans of 7 January 1941. The plan called for six B-65s to be built in two increments, with the first two to be constructed in Circle 5 with the remainder in Circle 6. By this time,
582:
795 and 796 with projected commissioning dates of 1945 and 1946, respectively. As the war progressed, however, strategic requirements further delayed the plans for the two cruisers. In the end, the B-65s' plans were never finalized and no contracts for their construction were ever placed.
560:
to six 356 mm (14 in) and armor protection to resist against the same was put forth. However, the increase in displacement (to almost 40,000 long tons (45,000 short tons; 41,000 t)) and reduction in performance this entailed meant that nothing came of the proposed changes.
569:
As war with the United States loomed in 1941, the navy found that it had a more pressing need for aircraft carriers and auxiliary vessels. This need, plus a desire to complete the ongoing Circle Three and Four construction programs, delayed initiation of the Circle Five plan.
380:, the decisive battle strategy received increased emphasis within the IJN. In 1936, the IJN formed the Night Battle Force (Yasen Butai). As designed, the night battle force was to attack the hypothetical enemy's, usually envisioned by the Japanese to be the
544:
each; for a total of about 167,674 shp, enough to power the ships through the water at 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h), faster than the "fundamental design requirement" of 33 kn (38 mph; 61 km/h).
441:
Design work on the B-65s began in 1939. Preliminary plans for the new class were finished by
September 1940, and they were far enough along that tests of the lower protection—the armor intended to counter
577:
in June 1942, the Circle Five plan was significantly revised and Circle Six was postponed indefinitely. The new plan still called for the construction of two ships of Design B-65, which were given the
522:(1,100 short tons; 1,000 t), with 350 long tons (390 short tons; 360 t) of that devoted to armor; however, no plans of how this latter figure was to have been distributed have survived.
329:-class itself may have been at least partly inspired by the desire to counter the Design B-65, or at least earlier IJN proposals. However, unlike the never-built Design B-65, the
1279:
361:, such as Great Britain or the United States, in the event of war. The strategy consisted of four main components: a decisive surface fleet engagement determined by big guns,
670:
because of mistaken intelligence reports stating that Japan was constructing "super cruisers" that would be much more powerful than the 8 in (203.2 mm)-gunned
397:
were initially assigned to this role and were upgraded to fast battleships over a seven-year period from 1933 to 1940. The IJN planned to eventually replace the four
295:,' a 'super cruiser,' or as a 'cruiser-killer.' As envisioned by the IJN, the cruisers were to play a key role in the Night Battle Force portion of the
365:
tactics against a numerically superior enemy, a reliance on quality over quantity in naval weaponry, and the employment of nighttime torpedo attacks.
1181:
485:
construction, and a generally similar superstructure", albeit at a reduced size. Primary weapons were to be nine 310 mm (12.2 in)/50
325:
between heavy cruisers and battlecruisers. The envisioning of the 'large cruiser' or 'super-heavy cruiser' and, ultimately, the design of the
376:
of 1930, each of which placed restrictions on the size of the IJN's fleet in comparison with the fleets of the western powers, notably the
1141:
1122:
1095:
1068:
1041:
387:
The IJN assigned one division of fast battleships or battlecruisers to give additional firepower to the nocturnal attacks. The
592:
1274:
1248:
1240:
1209:
615:
778:
1174:
388:
466:
on her trials in 1941. Had the Design B-65 ships been built, they would have borne a striking resemblance to this ship.
511:
381:
229:
494:
461:
209:
1227:
1217:
597:
67:
1284:
1159:
1289:
1167:
501:
471:
369:
219:
276:
57:
1235:
1033:
425:
and ordered on 5 September 1940. The
Japanese believed that these ships would form part of the American
1201:
606:
415:
322:
315:
357:. The Decisive Battle concept was the IJN's primary strategy for defeating the navies of the major
1029:
373:
667:
447:
429:'s screen in times of war. Thus, the B-65s were now intended to counter the threat posed by the
422:
411:
346:
342:
308:
300:
533:
816:
677:
1147:
1137:
1118:
1101:
1091:
1074:
1064:
1047:
1037:
507:
457:
362:
222:
176:
574:
541:
497:
212:
180:
130:
52:
183:); this would have been able to drive the ship at 33 kn (38 mph; 61 km/h)
643:
358:
288:
284:
283:. The IJN referred to this design as a 'Super Type A' cruiser; It was larger than most
136:
930:
1268:
1190:
671:
651:
537:
529:
403:
394:
377:
353:
doctrine, which guided the development and deployment of the IJN's battle fleet into
350:
296:
292:
165:
73:
650:, p. 86, that B-65 cruisers "would have satisfied every basic characteristic of the
426:
1021:
557:
515:
451:
354:
280:
1026:
Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and
Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941
402:"super-A-class cruisers" to signify their greater status than the A-class ships (
579:
478:
526:
490:
482:
268:
770:
421:
large cruisers, which had been authorized for creation by the passage of the
1151:
1105:
1078:
1051:
519:
504:
868:
Evans and
Peattie, pp. 275-277, 294; Lacroix and Wells II, pp. 250, 606.
191:
8,000 mi (13,000 km) at 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h)
23:
486:
443:
299:
strategy which Japan hoped, in the event of war, to employ against the
272:
202:
470:
These plans called for ships that bore a striking resemblance to the
172:
169:
500:
in dual mounts on either side of the superstructure, twelve paired
456:
556:
305 mm (12.0 in) guns, a proposal to increase both the
247:
Barbettes: 210 mm (8.3 in) to 190 mm (7.5 in)
321:
in terms of displacement, armament, and role. Both designs also
1163:
525:
The cruisers were to be protected by 190 mm (7.5 in)
450:
that fell short but still hit the ship (albeit underwater)—and
410:
Japanese intelligence had learned the specifications for the
666:-class cruisers were originally designed and ordered by the
1113:
Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; Mickel, Peter (1977).
674:
the U.S. possessed. See: Gardiner and
Chesneau, p. 122 and
642:, p. 178, the Japanese classified Super Type A cruisers as
314:
Design B-65 would have been similar to the United States'
1088:
Battleships: Axis and
Neutral Battleships in World War II
648:
Battleships: Axis and
Neutral Battleships in World War II
16:
Proposed class of
Japanese WWII-era super-heavy cruisers
244:
Belt: 190 mm (7.5 in) inclined 20 degrees
291:, and as such, has been variously described as a '
1115:Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945
1061:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946
810:
808:
640:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
349:, strongly influenced the creation of the IJN's
311:, ended any chance of the B-65's construction.
1136:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1090:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
906:
904:
798:
796:
250:Conning tower sides: 180 mm (7.1 in)
1175:
1086:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985).
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
253:Conning tower roof: 125 mm (4.9 in)
8:
1280:Battlecruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy
1117:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute.
573:Following the Japanese navy's defeat at the
540:sets would have generated about 42,500
495:100 mm (3.9 in)/65 caliber Type 98
210:100 mm (3.9 in)/65 caliber Type 98
965:
963:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
117:Full-load: 35,000 t (34,000 long tons)
28:A line drawing of the proposed Design B-65.
1182:
1168:
1160:
1059:Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (1980).
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
114:Standard: 31,905 t (31,401 long tons)
1191:Large cruiser or "cruiser killer" designs
950:
948:
706:
631:
781:from the original on 28 September 2008
646:; however, Garzke and Dulin assert in
341:The Japanese navy's experience in the
333:-class would see two ships completed.
18:
1132:Lacroix, Eric; Wells, Linton (1997).
878:Perfect Guide to Japanese Battleships
532:at 20° and 125 mm (4.9 in)
493:. Secondary weapons included sixteen
7:
1134:Japanese cruisers of the Pacific War
802:Gardiner and Chesneau (1984), p. 178
898:Lacroix and Wells II (1997), p. 606
931:"Japanese 10 cm/65 (3.9") Type 98"
929:DiGuilian, Tony (26 August 2007).
910:Garzke and Dulin (1985), pp. 86–87
454:were conducted from 1940 to 1941.
201:9 Ă— 310 mm (12.2 in)/50
14:
987:Garzke and Dulin (1985), p. 84–85
51:
22:
919:Evans and Peattie, pp. 359-360.
859:Evans and Peattie, pp. 273-276.
593:List of battlecruisers of Japan
518:turrets was to be around 1,000
156:8.8 m (29 ft) (trial)
969:Garzke and Dulin (1985), p. 87
850:Evans and Peattie, pp. 129–130
742:Garzke and Dulin (1985), p. 86
512:13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine guns
1:
996:Lacroix and Wells II, p. 829.
548:In an attempt to counter the
345:of 1904–1905, especially the
256:Deck: 125 mm (5 in)
228:4 Ă— 13 mm (0.5 in)
760:Lacroix and Wells II, p. 606
751:Lacroix and Wells II, p. 830
565:Final plans and cancellation
218:12 Ă— 25 mm (1 in)
135:246.2 m (808 ft)
1306:
1218:Design 1047 battlecruiser
1197:
1063:. Naval Institute Press.
978:Evans and Peattie, p 360.
175:would yield 170,000
129:240 m (790 ft)
95:
33:
21:
279:(IJN) before and during
148:27.2 m (89 ft)
370:Washington Naval Treaty
131:length at the waterline
96:General characteristics
505:25 mm (1 in)
467:
287:but smaller than most
277:Imperial Japanese Navy
58:Imperial Japanese Navy
1275:Battlecruiser classes
1236:O-class battlecruiser
1034:Naval Institute Press
489:guns in three triple
460:
1252:-class battlecruiser
1244:-class battlecruiser
1213:-class battlecruiser
823:. GlobalSecurity.org
684:. GlobalSecurity.org
621:- Soviet Counterpart
619:-class battlecruiser
603:- German counterpart
514:. The weight of the
232:machine guns (2 Ă— 2)
104:Super Type A cruiser
1223:Design B-65 cruiser
1030:Annapolis, Maryland
815:Pike, John (2008).
676:Pike, John (2008).
374:London Naval Treaty
293:super-heavy cruiser
1005:Jentschura, p. 40.
668:United States Navy
508:anti-aircraft guns
475:-class battleships
468:
423:Two-Ocean Navy Act
412:United States Navy
347:Battle of Tsushima
343:Russo-Japanese War
323:straddled the line
301:United States Navy
223:anti-aircraft guns
1260:
1259:
1020:Evans, David C.;
498:dual-purpose guns
477:, with the same "
433:-class cruisers.
351:"Decisive Battle"
297:"Decisive battle"
262:
261:
177:metric horsepower
1297:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1128:
1109:
1082:
1055:
1022:Peattie, Mark R.
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
988:
985:
979:
976:
970:
967:
958:
952:
943:
942:
940:
938:
926:
920:
917:
911:
908:
899:
896:
881:
875:
869:
866:
860:
857:
851:
848:
842:
839:
833:
832:
830:
828:
812:
803:
800:
791:
790:
788:
786:
767:
761:
758:
752:
749:
743:
740:
694:
693:
691:
689:
661:
655:
636:
612:- US counterpart
575:Battle of Midway
555:
382:US Pacific Fleet
372:of 1922 and the
337:Mission and plan
181:shaft horsepower
56:
55:
26:
19:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1285:Cruiser classes
1265:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1193:
1188:
1158:
1144:
1131:
1125:
1112:
1098:
1085:
1071:
1058:
1044:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
986:
982:
977:
973:
968:
961:
953:
946:
936:
934:
928:
927:
923:
918:
914:
909:
902:
897:
884:
876:
872:
867:
863:
858:
854:
849:
845:
840:
836:
826:
824:
814:
813:
806:
801:
794:
784:
782:
769:
768:
764:
759:
755:
750:
746:
741:
708:
703:
698:
697:
687:
685:
675:
662:
658:
637:
633:
628:
589:
567:
553:
552:-class cruisers
439:
339:
275:planned by the
166:geared turbines
50:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1290:Proposed ships
1287:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1231:-class cruiser
1225:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1205:-class cruiser
1198:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1142:
1129:
1123:
1110:
1096:
1083:
1069:
1056:
1042:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
959:
944:
921:
912:
900:
882:
870:
861:
852:
843:
834:
804:
792:
762:
753:
744:
705:
704:
702:
699:
696:
695:
672:heavy cruisers
656:
644:heavy cruisers
630:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
613:
610:-class cruiser
604:
601:-class cruiser
595:
588:
585:
566:
563:
538:geared turbine
438:
435:
404:heavy cruisers
359:Western powers
338:
335:
319:-class cruiser
309:Japan's defeat
289:battlecruisers
285:heavy cruisers
260:
259:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
240:
236:
235:
234:
233:
226:
216:
206:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
179:(167,674
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
140:
139:
137:length overall
133:
125:
121:
120:
119:
118:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
65:
61:
60:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
34:Class overview
31:
30:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1302:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1143:0-87021-311-3
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1124:0-87021-893-X
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1097:0-87021-101-3
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:0-87021-913-8
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:0-87021-192-7
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1002:
999:
993:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
966:
964:
960:
956:
955:Perfect Guide
951:
949:
945:
932:
925:
922:
916:
913:
907:
905:
901:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
883:
879:
874:
871:
865:
862:
856:
853:
847:
844:
841:Scarpaci, 17.
838:
835:
822:
820:
811:
809:
805:
799:
797:
793:
780:
776:
772:
766:
763:
757:
754:
748:
745:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
707:
700:
683:
681:
673:
669:
665:
660:
657:
653:
652:battlecruiser
649:
645:
641:
638:According to
635:
632:
625:
620:
618:
614:
611:
609:
605:
602:
600:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
584:
581:
576:
571:
564:
562:
559:
551:
546:
543:
539:
535:
531:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:
503:
499:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
474:
465:
464:
459:
455:
453:
452:main armament
449:
445:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
418:
413:
407:
405:
400:
396:
395:battlecruiser
393:
391:
385:
383:
379:
378:United States
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
318:
312:
310:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
237:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:Four sets of
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
147:
144:
143:
138:
134:
132:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
103:
100:
99:
94:
90:
87:
86:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:battlecruiser
72:
70:
66:
63:
62:
59:
54:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
37:
32:
25:
20:
1262:
1249:
1241:
1228:
1222:
1210:
1202:
1133:
1114:
1087:
1060:
1025:
1013:Bibliography
1001:
992:
983:
974:
954:
935:. Retrieved
924:
915:
877:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
825:. Retrieved
818:
783:. Retrieved
774:
765:
756:
747:
686:. Retrieved
679:
663:
659:
647:
639:
634:
616:
607:
598:
580:hull numbers
572:
568:
558:main battery
549:
547:
524:
516:main battery
472:
469:
462:
440:
430:
427:battle fleet
416:
408:
398:
389:
386:
367:
355:World War II
340:
330:
326:
316:
313:
307:followed by
305:
281:World War II
264:
263:
215:guns (8 Ă— 2)
213:dual-purpose
205:guns (3 Ă— 3)
109:Displacement
68:
1229:Deutschland
599:Deutschland
510:, and four
479:clipper bow
265:Design B-65
64:Preceded by
42:Design B-65
1269:Categories
1250:Stalingrad
1242:Kronshtadt
1211:Courageous
933:. Navweaps
827:19 October
785:14 October
701:References
688:19 October
617:Stalingrad
534:deck armor
527:belt armor
483:flush-deck
368:After the
168:and eight
161:Propulsion
520:long tons
444:torpedoes
363:attrition
230:Hotchkiss
188:Endurance
88:Cancelled
47:Operators
1152:21079856
1106:12613723
1079:18121784
1052:36621876
1024:(1997).
957:, p. 141
937:13 March
880:, p. 140
779:Archived
771:"Hawaii"
587:See also
446:and any
273:cruisers
196:Armament
536:. Four
502:Type 95
491:turrets
487:caliber
225:(6 Ă— 2)
220:Type 96
203:caliber
173:boilers
80:Planned
1203:Alaska
1150:
1140:
1121:
1104:
1094:
1077:
1067:
1050:
1040:
821:Class"
819:Alaska
817:"CB-1
682:Class"
680:Alaska
678:"CB-1
664:Alaska
654:type."
608:Alaska
550:Alaska
530:sloped
473:Yamato
463:Yamato
448:shells
437:Design
431:Alaska
419:-class
417:Alaska
392:-class
331:Alaska
327:Alaska
317:Alaska
267:was a
170:Kampon
124:Length
71:-class
775:DANFS
626:Notes
554:'
399:KongĹŤ
390:KongĹŤ
269:class
239:Armor
208:16 Ă—
153:Draft
69:Amagi
1148:OCLC
1138:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1102:OCLC
1092:ISBN
1075:OCLC
1065:ISBN
1048:OCLC
1038:ISBN
939:2009
829:2008
787:2008
690:2008
145:Beam
101:Type
39:Name
542:shp
414:'s
406:).
271:of
1271::
1146:.
1100:.
1073:.
1046:.
1036:.
1032::
1028:.
962:^
947:^
903:^
885:^
807:^
795:^
777:.
773:.
709:^
481:,
303:.
1183:e
1176:t
1169:v
1154:.
1127:.
1108:.
1081:.
1054:.
941:.
831:.
789:.
692:.
91:2
83:2
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