47:
461:
445:
128:
Desquamative gingivitis is a descriptive clinical term, not a diagnosis. Dermatologic conditions cause about 75% of cases of desquamative gingivitis, and over 95% of the dermatologic cases are accounted for by either
326:
Lo Russo, L; Fedele, S; Guiglia, R; Ciavarella, D; Lo Muzio, L; Gallo, P; Di
Liberto, C; Campisi, G (January 2008). "Diagnostic pathways and clinical significance of desquamative gingivitis".
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1663:
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1675:
1626:
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375:
310:
99:
however. The color is another dissimilarity between typical marginal gingivitis and desquamative gingivitis, in the latter it is dusky red.
3008:
3003:
2160:
2003:
1277:
761:
2404:
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1037:
2649:
2379:
2316:
2311:
2193:
1621:
1601:
513:
2819:
2789:
2225:
1862:
1316:
400:
370:. Clinical problem solving in dentistry series (3rd ed.). Edinburgh ; New York: Churchill Livingstone. p. 192.
3230:
2210:
2045:
2654:
2050:
243:
This condition was first recognized and reported in 1894, but the term desquamative gingivitis was not coined until 1932.
175:
160:
91:), desquamative gingivitis extends beyond the marginal gingiva, involving the full width of the gingiva and sometimes the
2507:
1574:
1183:
887:
872:
810:
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2102:
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1340:
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1025:
399:
Welbury R; Duggal M; Hosey MT (2012). Welbury, Richard; Duggal, Monty S.; Hosey, Marie Thérèse (eds.).
3158:
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2013:
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1103:
835:
46:
3173:
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2824:
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2594:
2429:
2165:
2145:
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2008:
1941:
1823:
1818:
1744:
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1059:
1008:
957:
937:
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766:
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465:
206:
170:
67:
appearance of the gums. It is a descriptive term and can be caused by several different disorders.
706:
3071:
2794:
2685:
2472:
2326:
2130:
1946:
1894:
1855:
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912:
865:
751:
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659:
649:
634:
564:
155:
150:
141:
130:
2419:
2394:
2055:
191:
3143:
3128:
3093:
3066:
2993:
2983:
2885:
2759:
2742:
2616:
2549:
2170:
1759:
1724:
1557:
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1311:
1235:
942:
882:
845:
820:
669:
547:
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343:
306:
35:
3163:
3108:
3061:
2779:
2140:
1775:
1765:
1729:
1638:
1389:
1328:
1262:
1252:
1200:
1098:
993:
830:
335:
3113:
2814:
2574:
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1877:
1770:
1606:
1525:
1505:
1429:
1414:
1284:
1188:
1156:
1127:
1049:
975:
771:
654:
644:
589:
574:
137:. The exact cause of desquamative gingivitis cannot be determined about a third of cases.
92:
3153:
3018:
2524:
2462:
2414:
2384:
2252:
2183:
2150:
1872:
1611:
1345:
1225:
1020:
805:
618:
470:
40:
3219:
3178:
3138:
2860:
2834:
2829:
2644:
2544:
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2242:
2070:
1889:
1653:
1633:
1542:
1409:
1369:
1166:
927:
902:
877:
855:
639:
629:
594:
84:
234:
Local or systemic immunosuppressive or dapsone therapy (notably not corticosteroids)
3168:
3123:
2998:
2900:
2895:
2880:
2539:
2215:
1991:
1986:
1971:
1951:
1921:
1754:
1463:
1404:
1335:
1257:
1247:
1215:
1178:
1139:
1131:
746:
701:
686:
584:
579:
482:
111:
Caused by various autoimmune diseases as well as allergies. Erosive lichen planus,
3148:
3098:
2727:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2306:
2301:
2232:
1306:
1267:
1086:
962:
922:
790:
711:
691:
196:
103:
is another form of gingivitis which affects both the attached and free gingiva.
64:
115:, pemphigus vulgaris, erythema exsudativum multiforme and lupus erythematosus.
3118:
2973:
2865:
2799:
2769:
2369:
2155:
1981:
1749:
1579:
1520:
1458:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1374:
1357:
1301:
1272:
1193:
1054:
1032:
917:
897:
88:
385:
2905:
2890:
2237:
2220:
1956:
1734:
1537:
1161:
1044:
664:
559:
537:
339:
365:
347:
2774:
2554:
2247:
2198:
1966:
1719:
1700:
1680:
1501:
1379:
1323:
569:
201:
95:. The term "full width gingivitis" usually refers to the oral lesions of
60:
437:
2564:
2333:
2291:
1976:
1936:
1830:
1704:
1493:
860:
301:
Newman, Michael G.; Takei, Henry H.; Carranza, FermĂn A., eds. (2012).
80:
2075:
1547:
1135:
730:
449:
305:(11th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 111–126.
76:
454:
2496:
2451:
2350:
2274:
2032:
1911:
1697:
1487:
1125:
788:
728:
616:
524:
486:
231:
Specific therapies for the underlying disease (where available)
526:
405:(4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 319.
183:
Reactions to medications, mouthwashes, and chewing gum
2640:
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
2523:
Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (
427:
3187:
3086:
2961:
2930:
2923:
2848:
2752:
2668:
2615:
2608:
2532:
431:
87:-induced inflammation of the gums (normal marginal
34:
26:
21:
1926:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
2281:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
180:Chronic bacterial, fungal, and viral infections
893:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
296:
294:
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
2508:
1851:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
498:
274:
272:
270:
268:
266:
264:
262:
260:
258:
256:
215:(can be mistaken for desquamative gingivitis)
8:
359:
357:
2927:
2612:
2515:
2501:
2493:
2448:
2347:
2271:
2029:
1908:
1694:
1484:
1122:
785:
725:
613:
521:
505:
491:
483:
428:
45:
18:
2660:Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
2478:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
1627:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
252:
1664:As a manifestation of systemic disease
3049:Subepithelial connective tissue graft
367:Clinical problem solving in dentistry
7:
2635:Generalized aggressive periodontitis
1510:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
228:Minimising irritation of the lesions
2161:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
2004:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
63:(red), desquamatous (shedding) and
3226:Conditions of the mucous membranes
2630:Localized aggressive periodontitis
1278:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
762:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
303:Carranza's clinical periodontology
14:
2953:Full mouth ultrasonic debridement
75:Desquamative gingivitis involves
2650:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
2380:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
2317:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
2312:Central hypoventilation syndrome
2194:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
1622:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
1602:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
514:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
2226:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
1863:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
1317:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
161:Linear immunoglobulin A disease
2211:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
2046:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
1:
2655:Abscesses of the periodontium
2405:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
2354:Soft tissues around the mouth
2051:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
176:Chronic ulcerative stomatitis
1575:Gingival cyst of the newborn
1184:Failure of eruption of teeth
888:Hand, foot and mouth disease
873:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
811:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
757:Palatal cysts of the newborn
680:Transient lingual papillitis
2103:Salivary gland diverticulum
2066:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
1077:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
989:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
3247:
3009:Guided tissue regeneration
2113:Salivary gland hyperplasia
2061:HIV salivary gland disease
1570:Gingival cyst of the adult
1016:Oral florid papillomatosis
364:Odell, E. W., ed. (2010).
113:mucous membrane pemphigoid
2979:Coronally positioned flap
2458:
2447:
2360:
2352:Orofacial soft tissues –
2346:
2287:
2270:
2118:Salivary gland hypoplasia
2041:
2028:
1932:
1907:
1846:Bisphosphonate-associated
1740:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
1715:
1693:
1516:
1483:
1211:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
1147:
1121:
801:
784:
737:
724:
675:Median rhomboid glossitis
625:
612:
533:
520:
328:Journal of Periodontology
81:free and attached gingiva
3034:Pocket reduction surgery
3014:Enamel matrix derivative
3004:Guided bone regeneration
2969:Apically positioned flap
2943:Scaling and root planing
2849:Treatment and prevention
2810:Linear gingival erythema
2765:Clinical attachment loss
2679:A. actinomycetemcomitans
2425:Orofacial granulomatosis
2204:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2189:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2123:Salivary gland neoplasms
1914:Temporomandibular joints
1885:Periapical periodontitis
1617:Linear gingival erythema
1385:Regional odontodysplasia
1231:Enamel hypocalcification
209:(self inflicted) lesions
166:Dermatitis herpetiformis
97:orofacial granulomatosis
3087:Important personalities
2948:Full mouth disinfection
2911:Host modulatory therapy
2876:Chlorhexidine gluconate
2856:Periodontal examination
2322:Obstructive sleep apnea
2088:Salivary duct stricture
1868:Paget's disease of bone
1365:Pulp canal obliteration
1206:Dentin hypersensitivity
1152:Amelogenesis imperfecta
1004:Squamous cell carcinoma
984:Adenosquamous carcinoma
971:Squamous cell papilloma
948:Melanocytic oral lesion
340:10.1902/jop.2008.070231
213:Squamous cell carcinoma
57:Desquamative gingivitis
22:Desquamative gingivitis
2805:Horizontal bony defect
2468:Hemifacial hypertrophy
2435:Pyostomatitis vegetans
2108:Salivary gland fistula
2098:Salivary gland atresia
2093:Salivary gland aplasia
1947:Mandibular dislocation
1918:muscles of mastication
1796:Calcifying odontogenic
1425:Vertical root fracture
1420:Cracked tooth syndrome
1395:Shovel-shaped incisors
1290:Wisdom tooth impaction
1172:Early childhood caries
1038:Benign mucous membrane
999:Spindle cell carcinoma
908:Intraoral dental sinus
826:Burning mouth syndrome
225:Improving oral hygiene
147:Cicatricial pemphigoid
135:cicatricial pemphigoid
124:Differential diagnosis
101:Plasma cell gingivitis
3231:Periodontal disorders
3029:Open flap debridement
3024:Lateral pedicle graft
2625:Chronic periodontitis
2585:Mucogingival junction
2580:Junctional epithelium
2277:Stomatognathic system
2179:Acinic cell carcinoma
1801:Glandular odontogenic
953:Molluscum contagiosum
187:Rare causes include:
3159:Paul Roscoe Stillman
3134:Willoughby D. Miller
3104:Per-Ingvar BrĂĄnemark
2931:Conventional therapy
2840:Vertical bony defect
2785:Gingival enlargement
2735:Entamoeba gingivalis
2590:Periodontal ligament
2560:Free gingival margin
2420:Oral Crohn's disease
2375:Basal cell carcinoma
2014:Condylar hyperplasia
1999:Maxillary hypoplasia
1565:Gingival enlargement
1498:periodontal ligament
1104:Verruciform xanthoma
836:Condyloma acuminatum
402:Paediatric dentistry
3174:James Leon Williams
3039:Socket preservation
2989:Free gingival graft
2871:Bleeding on probing
2825:Periodontal disease
2595:Sulcular epithelium
2430:Perioral dermatitis
2166:Pleomorphic adenoma
2146:Monomorphic adenoma
2136:Canalicular adenoma
2009:Condylar hypoplasia
1942:Condylar resorption
1786:Lateral periodontal
1745:Mandibular fracture
1644:Periodontal abscess
1241:Turner's hypoplasia
1009:Verrucous carcinoma
958:Morsicatio buccarum
938:Lupus erythematosus
851:Erythema multiforme
767:Stomatitis nicotina
171:Lupus erythematosus
2820:Periodontal pocket
2795:Gingival recession
2686:Capnocytophaga sp.
2473:Facial hemiatrophy
2327:Periodic breathing
2258:Sjögren's syndrome
2131:Basal cell adenoma
1895:Torus mandibularis
1873:Periapical abscess
1856:Osteoradionecrosis
1781:Buccal bifurcation
1760:Intraosseous cysts
1649:Periodontal trauma
1553:Pyogenic granuloma
1400:Supernumerary root
1353:Pulp calcification
1341:Premature eruption
1312:Odontogenic tumors
1109:White sponge nevus
1082:Submucous fibrosis
1026:Smoker's melanosis
913:Irritation fibroma
752:High-arched palate
660:Foliate papillitis
650:Cunnilingus tongue
635:Black hairy tongue
565:Congenital lip pit
156:Pemphigus vulgaris
151:bullous pemphigoid
142:Oral lichen planus
131:oral lichen planus
71:Signs and symptoms
3213:
3212:
3188:Other specialties
3144:John Mankey Riggs
3129:Preston D. Miller
3094:Tomas Albrektsson
3082:
3081:
3019:Implant placement
2994:Gingival grafting
2984:Crown lengthening
2919:
2918:
2886:Hydrogen peroxide
2743:Trichomonas tenax
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2443:
2442:
2342:
2341:
2266:
2265:
2171:Sebaceous adenoma
2024:
2023:
1903:
1902:
1814:Median mandibular
1809:Nasopalatine duct
1725:Alveolar osteitis
1689:
1688:
1676:Perio-endo lesion
1558:Congenital epulis
1479:
1478:
1236:Enamel hypoplasia
1117:
1116:
1092:Riga–Fede disease
943:Melanocytic nevus
883:Hairy leukoplakia
846:Epulis fissuratum
780:
779:
720:
719:
670:Geographic tongue
608:
607:
480:
479:
412:978-0-19-957491-9
377:978-0-443-06784-6
312:978-1-4377-0416-7
149:or less commonly
54:
53:
16:Medical condition
3238:
3205:Prosthodontology
3164:Dennis P. Tarnow
3109:Robert Gottsegen
2928:
2780:Furcation defect
2613:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2449:
2348:
2272:
2141:Ductal papilloma
2030:
1909:
1806:Non-odontogenic:
1791:Globulomaxillary
1730:Buccal exostosis
1695:
1639:Peri-implantitis
1485:
1201:Dentin dysplasia
1123:
1099:Verruca vulgaris
994:Mucosal melanoma
841:Darier's disease
816:Behçet's disease
786:
742:Bednar's aphthae
726:
614:
600:Trumpeter's wart
522:
507:
500:
493:
484:
429:
417:
416:
396:
390:
389:
361:
352:
351:
323:
317:
316:
298:
50:
49:
19:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3183:
3114:Gary Greenstein
3078:
2957:
2915:
2844:
2815:Occlusal trauma
2790:Gingival pocket
2748:
2664:
2604:
2575:Gingival sulcus
2570:Gingival fibers
2528:
2521:
2491:
2482:
2454:
2439:
2395:Ludwig's angina
2356:
2338:
2297:Mouth breathing
2283:
2262:
2083:Pneumoparotitis
2056:Frey's syndrome
2037:
2035:Salivary glands
2020:
1928:
1899:
1878:Phoenix abscess
1711:
1707:hard tissues –
1685:
1607:Hypercementosis
1526:Cementoblastoma
1512:
1475:
1189:Dens evaginatus
1143:
1113:
1065:Denture-related
1050:Plasmoacanthoma
976:Keratoacanthoma
797:
795:Lining of mouth
776:
772:Torus palatinus
733:
716:
697:Lingual thyroid
655:Fissured tongue
645:Crenated tongue
621:
604:
590:Nasolabial cyst
575:Herpes labialis
529:
516:
511:
481:
476:
475:
440:
426:
421:
420:
413:
398:
397:
393:
378:
363:
362:
355:
325:
324:
320:
313:
300:
299:
254:
249:
241:
222:
192:Crohn's disease
126:
121:
109:
93:alveolar mucosa
73:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3244:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3200:Orthodontology
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:Biologic width
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2525:Periodontology
2522:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:Eagle syndrome
2459:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Cystic hygroma
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2253:Sialolithiasis
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Adenocarcinoma
2181:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:Myoepithelioma
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1824:Traumatic bone
1821:
1819:Median palatal
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1614:
1612:Hypocementosis
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1346:Neonatal teeth
1338:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1226:Ectopic enamel
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:Oral melanosis
1018:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
978:
973:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
869:
868:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
821:Bohn's nodules
818:
813:
808:
806:Amalgam tattoo
802:
799:
798:
789:
782:
781:
778:
777:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
735:
734:
729:
722:
721:
718:
717:
715:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
683:
682:
677:
672:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
626:
623:
622:
617:
610:
609:
606:
605:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
556:
555:
550:
545:
534:
531:
530:
525:
518:
517:
512:
510:
509:
502:
495:
487:
478:
477:
474:
473:
458:
441:
436:
435:
433:
432:Classification
425:
424:External links
422:
419:
418:
411:
391:
376:
353:
318:
311:
251:
250:
248:
245:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
221:
218:
217:
216:
210:
204:
199:
194:
185:
184:
181:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
144:
125:
122:
120:
117:
108:
105:
72:
69:
52:
51:
41:Periodontology
38:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3243:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Endodontology
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3179:W. J. Younger
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Carl E. Misch
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:Periodontitis
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2707:P. intermedia
2704:
2702:
2701:
2700:P. gingivalis
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Periodontosis
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:Alveolar bone
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Actinomycosis
2363:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Sialodochitis
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:malocclusions
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:Stafne defect
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:Osteonecrosis
1839:
1837:
1836:Osteomyelitis
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:Bones of jaws
1706:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:Periodontitis
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Pericoronitis
1632:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Granulomatous
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:Eruption cyst
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:Pulp necrosis
1368:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:Dens in dente
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:Discoloration
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Lichen planus
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
903:Herpes zoster
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
878:Fordyce spots
876:
874:
871:
867:
864:
863:
862:
859:
857:
856:Erythroplakia
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
800:
796:
792:
787:
783:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
732:
727:
723:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:Caviar tongue
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Ankyloglossia
628:
627:
624:
620:
615:
611:
601:
598:
596:
595:Sun poisoning
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
528:
523:
519:
515:
508:
503:
501:
496:
494:
489:
488:
485:
472:
468:
467:
463:
459:
456:
452:
451:
447:
443:
442:
439:
434:
430:
423:
414:
408:
404:
403:
395:
392:
387:
383:
379:
373:
369:
368:
360:
358:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
322:
319:
314:
308:
304:
297:
295:
293:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
269:
267:
265:
263:
261:
259:
257:
253:
246:
244:
238:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
219:
214:
211:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
188:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
138:
136:
132:
123:
118:
116:
114:
106:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
70:
68:
66:
62:
58:
48:
42:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
3169:Hom-Lay Wang
3154:Jørgen Slots
3124:Brian Mealey
2999:Gingivectomy
2901:Tetracycline
2896:Oral hygiene
2741:
2733:
2726:
2721:T. denticola
2719:
2714:T. forsythia
2712:
2705:
2698:
2693:F. nucleatum
2691:
2684:
2677:
2540:Periodontium
2353:
2280:
2216:Sialadenitis
2175:
2127:
1992:Scissor bite
1987:Retrognathia
1972:Overeruption
1952:Malocclusion
1925:
1805:
1764:
1755:Micrognathia
1708:
1699:Periapical,
1585:Desquamative
1584:
1509:
1490:Periodontium
1464:Acid erosion
1405:Taurodontism
1336:Open contact
1248:Enamel pearl
1216:Dilaceration
1179:Concrescence
980:
967:
794:
747:Cleft palate
707:Microglossia
702:Macroglossia
687:Glossoptosis
585:Microcheilia
580:Macrocheilia
460:
444:
401:
394:
366:
331:
327:
321:
302:
242:
186:
127:
110:
74:
61:erythematous
56:
55:
3149:Jay Seibert
3099:Frank Beube
2938:Debridement
2728:Red complex
2410:Microstomia
2400:Macrostomia
2390:Gnathophyma
2307:Catathrenia
2302:Sleep apnea
2233:Sialectasis
1776:Dentigerous
1766:Odontogenic
1595:Plasma cell
1531:Gigantiform
1307:Microdontia
1297:Macrodontia
1268:Hyperdontia
963:Oral cancer
923:Leukoplakia
831:Candidiasis
791:Oral mucosa
712:Rhabdomyoma
692:Hypoglossia
553:Plasma cell
334:(1): 4–24.
197:Sarcoidosis
27:Other names
3220:Categories
3119:Jan Lindhe
3044:Sinus lift
2974:Bone graft
2861:Ante's law
2800:Gingivitis
2770:Edentulism
2370:Angioedema
2176:Malignant:
2156:Oncocytoma
1982:Prognathia
1771:periapical
1750:Microgenia
1701:mandibular
1659:Aggressive
1580:Gingivitis
1521:Cementicle
1459:Abfraction
1449:Tooth wear
1442:Edentulism
1437:Tooth loss
1390:Resorption
1375:Pulp polyp
1358:Pulp stone
1302:Meth mouth
1273:Hypodontia
1263:Gemination
1194:Talon cusp
1087:Ulceration
1055:Stomatitis
1033:Pemphigoid
981:Malignant:
933:Linea alba
918:Leukoedema
898:Herpangina
866:Giant-cell
247:References
207:factitious
89:gingivitis
2924:Treatment
2906:Triclosan
2891:Mouthwash
2738:(amoebic)
2670:Infection
2617:Diagnoses
2600:Stippling
2238:Sialocele
2221:Parotitis
1962:Open bite
1957:Crossbite
1735:Cherubism
1705:maxillary
1538:Cementoma
1469:Attrition
1285:Impaction
1253:Fluorosis
1162:Anodontia
1157:Ankylosis
1045:Pemphigus
665:Glossitis
560:Cleft lip
538:Cheilitis
453:: K05.1 (
386:427608817
220:Treatment
119:Diagnosis
83:. Unlike
65:ulcerated
36:Specialty
3062:Membrane
2881:Flossing
2866:Brushing
2775:Fremitus
2760:Calculus
2555:Cementum
2248:Sialosis
2199:Lymphoma
2071:Mucocele
1967:Overbite
1720:Agnathia
1681:Teething
1506:alveolus
1502:cementum
1454:Abrasion
1430:Occlusal
1415:Avulsion
1380:Pulpitis
1324:Odontoma
1070:Herpetic
1060:Aphthous
570:Eclabium
457:K05.130)
348:18166088
202:Leukemia
3057:Curette
2962:Surgery
2609:Disease
2565:Gingiva
2533:Anatomy
2334:Snoring
2292:Bruxism
2128:Benign:
1977:Overjet
1937:Bruxism
1831:Osteoma
1669:Chronic
1494:gingiva
968:Benign:
861:Fibroma
548:Angular
543:Actinic
239:History
79:of the
77:lesions
3072:Scaler
3053:Tools
2835:Plaque
2076:Ranula
1548:Epulis
1410:Trauma
1258:Fusion
1167:Caries
1140:enamel
1136:dentin
731:Palate
619:Tongue
471:523.10
409:
384:
374:
346:
309:
85:plaque
59:is an
43:
3067:Probe
2753:Other
2453:Other
1128:Teeth
107:Cause
2415:Noma
1920:and
1703:and
1508:) –
1132:pulp
527:Lips
466:9-CM
455:ILDS
407:ISBN
382:OCLC
372:ISBN
344:PMID
307:ISBN
462:ICD
446:ICD
336:doi
133:or
3222::
2279:–
1924:–
1916:,
1504:,
1500:,
1496:,
1138:,
1134:,
793:–
469::
450:10
380:.
356:^
342:.
332:79
330:.
255:^
30:DG
2527:)
2516:e
2509:t
2502:v
1768::
1492:(
1142:)
1130:(
506:e
499:t
492:v
464:-
448:-
438:D
415:.
388:.
350:.
338::
315:.
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