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Nazis, the more important mission was to be the “center of intellectual anti-Nazi activities”. In addition, it had extensive archives “on the history of Nazism and the anti-Nazi fight in all its forms”. After the French surrender, the Nazis were virtually in control in France so the French government closed down the library and anyone associated was imprisoned or sent to concentration camps. Once the Nazis occupied Paris, the library and archives were turned over and that was the end of the
Library.
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officials, professors, rectors, and student leaders to address the participants and spectators. At the meeting places, students threw the pillaged, banned books into the bonfires with a great joyous ceremony that included live music, singing, "fire oaths," and incantations. In Berlin, some 40,000 people heard Joseph
Goebbels deliver an address: "No to decadence and moral corruption!" Goebbels enjoined the crowd. "Yes to decency and morality in family and state! I consign to the flames the writings of
31:
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1109:, and Arnold Zweig); others were deprived of their citizenship (for example, Ernst Toller and Kurt Tucholsky) or forced into a self-imposed exile from society (e.g., Erich Kästner). For other writers the Nazi persecutions ended in death. Some of them died in concentration camps, due to the consequences of the conditions of imprisonment, or were executed (like
576:, a traditional date of celebration. Nonetheless, in thirty four university towns across Germany the "Action against the Un-German Spirit" was a success, enlisting widespread newspaper coverage. And in some places, notably Berlin, radio broadcasts brought the speeches, songs, and ceremonial incantations "live" to countless German listeners.
1222:“mass exodus of German writers, artists, and intellectuals". They went into exile in America, England, and France. On 10 May 1934, those writers in exile in France came together and established the Library of the Burned Books where all the works that had been banned, burned, censored, and destroyed were collected.
1341:, unusually, advocated wide-scale protest against the Nazi regime and its book burnings. On the other hand, the trends that appeared in rural and suburban area reporting appeared to be less critical of the Third Reich. Instead they were more wary and angered at the burning of US authors. This was seen in the
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The library had as its aim to "gather as many books as can be secured by authors whose books were burned by the Nazi
Government at the notable bonfire on 10 May 1933. Also included were general titles relating to "general Jewish interest, in English, Hebrew and Yiddish." Among the authors whose books
1221:
On 10 May 1934, one year after the mass book burnings, the German
Freedom Library founded by Alfred Kantorowicz was opened to assemble copies of the books that had been destroyed. Because of the shift in political power and the blatant control and censorship demonstrated by the Nazi Party, 1933 saw a
1229:
In
Kantorowicz's words, “the real significance of the Library was not confined to its material existence. When we inaugurated it, we wanted to make that day of shame a day of glory for literature and for freedom of thought which no tyrant could kill by fire. And furthermore, by this symbolic action,
1225:
Alfred
Kantorowicz, the author of the 1944 article Library of the Burned Books, was one of the key leaders instrumental in creating this library. In his article, he explains first-hand how the library came to be, and how it was finally destroyed. The library not only housed those books banned by the
470:
is now at an end. The breakthrough of the German revolution has again cleared the way on the German path...The future German man will not just be a man of books, but a man of character. It is to this end that we want to educate you. As a young person, to already have the courage to face the pitiless
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The burning of the books represents a culmination of the persecution of those authors whose oral or written opinions were opposed to Nazi ideology. Many artists, writers and scientists were banned from working and publication. Their works could no longer be found in libraries or in the curricula of
1394:
The directives were very broadly interpreted, leading to the destruction of thousands of paintings and thousands more were shipped to deposits in the US. Those confiscated paintings still surviving in US custody, As of 2007, include, for example, a painting "depicting a couple of middle aged women
759:
that included the burning of millions of books, resulting in the destruction of an estimated 80% of all school libraries, and three-quarters of all scientific libraries in the country. The Nazis also seized many books from Jewish communities in
Eastern Europe. They did intend to keep and display a
449:
A total of over 25,000 volumes of "un-German" books were burned, thereby ushering in an era of uncompromising state censorship. In many other university towns, nationalist students marched in torch lit parades against the "un-German" spirit. The scripted rituals of this night called for high Nazi
365:
on the 300th anniversary of Luther's burning of the bull. This was, however, a false comparison, as the "book burnings" at those historic events were not acts of censorship, nor destructive of other people's property, but purely symbolic protests, destroying only one individual document of each
437:
The institute's library included many thousands of volumes on sexuality and other matters relating to its work. The institute also had a substantial collection of objects, photographs and documents including research, biographies and patient records. Estimates of total size vary. The looted
1383:. Millions of copies of these books were confiscated and destroyed. A representative of the Military Directorate admitted that the order in principle was no different from the Nazi book burnings. However "most observers condemned the order as a piece of unenforceable foolishness".
346:, he was afraid that speaking at the book burning would cause these past remarks to be dug up by his enemies. As a result, he did not formally accept the invitation to speak – despite his having been listed in the advance publicity – until the last moment.
369:
The "Twelve Theses" called for a "pure" national language and culture. Placards publicized the theses, which attacked "Jewish intellectualism", asserted the need to "purify" German language and literature, and demanded that universities be centres of German
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on the day of the book burning, and was an advocate of the
Zionist movement. Thomas Mann, whose books were part of the library's collection, is quoted as saying that "what happened in Germany convinced me more and more of the value of Zionism for the Jew".
418:
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features a scene which is set to the backdrop of a book burning event, an event which is part of a large Nazi rally in Berlin which is attended by Adolf Hitler. The fictional scene was set in 1938 and it took place at the
Institute of Aryan
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glare, to overcome the fear of death, and to regain respect for death – this is the task of this young generation. And thus you do well in this midnight hour to commit to the flames the evil spirit of the past. This is a strong, great and
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After analysing eight different newspaper excerpts from the US Holocaust
Memorial Museum's History Unfolded Database, a collection of thousands of news clippings about events related to the Holocaust, certain trends became apparent.
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title, for a grand total of 12 individual documents, without any attempt to suppress their content, whereas the Student Union burned tens of thousands of volumes, all they could find from a list comprising around 4000 titles.
1212:
published an "Open Letter to German Students", in which she wrote: "You may burn my books and the books of the best minds in Europe, but the ideas those books contain have passed through millions of channels and will go on."
743:, and when they ran out of books in their own libraries they turned to independent bookstores. Libraries were asked to stock their shelves with material that stood up to Hitler's standards, and destroy anything that did not.
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to speak at public gatherings, and negotiate for radio broadcast time. The DSt had contacted an official from the Propaganda Ministry to request support for their campaign, including having Propaganda Minister
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Not all book burnings took place on 10 May as the German Student Union had planned. Some were postponed a few days because of rain. Others, based on local chapter preference, took place on 21 June, the
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article by Walt Lippman denoted the Nazi regime as “violent in its character” and claimed that the destruction of intellectual property was an ominous sign of the Nazis’ preparation for war. The
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von Merveldt, Nikola (Winter 2007). "Books Cannot Be Killed by Fire: The German Freedom Library and the American Library of Nazi-Banned Books as Agents of Cultural Memory".
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The United States’ reporting on the book burnings peaked after the May 10, 1933, Berlin burning but varied in coverage and approach. Publications from urban areas like the
1270:, and many others. Unlike the Paris library, the American library did not have any collection of books relating to Nazi ideology, or events or individuals in Nazi Germany.
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In his speech – which was broadcast on the radio – Goebbels' referred to the authors whose books were being burned as "Intellectual filth" and "Jewish asphalt
174:(DSt) proclaimed a nationwide "Action against the Un-German Spirit", which was to climax in a literary purge or "cleansing" ("Säuberung") by fire. According to historian
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A similar library, modeled after one in Paris, was opened at the Brooklyn Jewish Center in Brooklyn, New York on 15 November 1934. There were speeches given by Rev. Dr.
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be the main speaker at the event in Berlin. Because Goebbels had studied under several Jewish professors, and had, in the past, praised them despite his avowed
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In 1946, the Allied occupation authorities drew up a list of over 30,000 titles, ranging from school books to poetry and including works by such authors as
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all collections of works of art related or dedicated to the perpetuation of German militarism or Nazism will be closed permanently and taken into custody.
374:. The students described the action as a “response to a worldwide Jewish smear campaign against Germany and an affirmation of traditional German values.”
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The American Library of Nazi Banned Books remained in place until the Brooklyn Jewish Center closed in the 1970s. Its collection was then donated to the
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Writings on sexuality and sexual education which serve the egocentric pleasure of the individual and thus, completely destroy the principles of race and
1353:. The Tennessee newspaper described the event in a very straightforward manner, calling Goebbels the “minister of enlightenment.” Similarly, the
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commented that Hitler’s attempt to eradicate everything non-German would be fruitless as similar attempts had failed in other “kingdoms.” The
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Popular entertainment literature that depicts life and life's goals in a superficial, unrealistic and sickly sweet manner, based on a
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1289:. To the minds of those in charge of the library, the Nazi book burnings represented "proof of urgency" of Zionist affairs. Rabbi
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he exclusion of "Left", democratic, and Jewish literature took precedence over everything else. The black-lists ... ranged from
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The works of traitors, emigrants and authors from foreign countries who believe they can attack and denigrate the new Germany (
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in the 1930s. The books targeted for burning were those viewed as being subversive or as representing ideologies opposed to
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1956:
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In History Unfolded: US Newspapers and the Holocaust. United States Holocaust Museum, n.d. Accessed February 15, 2024.
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Die studentische "Aktion wider den undeutschen Geist" im FrĂĽhjahr 1933. In: Vierteljahrshefte fĂĽr Zeitgeschichte, 16
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deed – a deed which should document the following for the world to know – Here the intellectual foundation of the
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material was witnessed by the international press being loaded on to a truck and, on 10 May, it was taken to the
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2077:"Nazi Banned Books – Articles | Brooklyn Jewish Center Circle – Connecting to our Past – Preserving our Future"
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we wanted to awaken Europe to the dangers which threatened its spiritual as well as its material existence.”
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1242:, Rabbi of the Jewish Center, and the library chairman Rabbi Louis Hammer. An inaugural dinner dedicated to
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133:, writers in French and English, and effectively any book incompatible with Nazi ideology. In a campaign of
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All historical writings whose purpose is to denigrate the origin, the spirit and the culture of the German
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1421:. In 2014 the exhibition was displayed in West Fargo, North Dakota; Dallas, Texas; and Missoula, Montana.
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Strätz, Hans-Wolfgang (1968). "Die studentische 'Aktion wider den undeutschen Geist' im Frühjahr 1933".
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Lyons, Martyn. Books: A Living History. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011. chapter 5 pp. 200–201
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schools or universities. Some of them were driven to exile (such as Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud,
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Local chapters were to supply the press with releases and commissioned articles, sponsor well-known
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1653:"The incredible story of the first known trans woman to undergo gender confirmation surgery"
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Literature with liberal, democratic tendencies and attitudes, and writings supporting the
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On 6 May 1933, the Berlin chapter of the German Student Union made an organised attack on
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1930s campaign to destroy prohibited literature and research in Nazi Germany and Austria
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Many German students took part in the Nazi book burning campaign. They were known as
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1599:. A Harvest Book. Translated by Winston, Krishna. Harcourt Brace. pp. 182–183.
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Books that advocate "art" which is decadent, bloodless, or purely constructivist (
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Among the other German-speaking authors whose books student leaders burned were:
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All of these types of literature, as described by the Nazis, were to be banned:
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in 1520, and the burning of a handful of items, including 11 books, at the 1817
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Not only German-speaking authors were burned, but also French authors such as
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564:("Book marks"), commemorating the burning of the books on 10 May 1933 at the
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The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 Volumes]
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Verbrannte Orte – Scorched Places, map of places in contemporary Germany
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1628:"When Books Burn: A University of Arizona Special Collections Exhibit"
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1884:. Translated by Simon B. Steyne. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers. p. 62
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2212:"Purges, Exclusions, and Limits: Art Policies in Germany 1933–1949"
353:", a title chosen to be evocative of two events in German history:
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Dort wo man BĂĽcher verbrennt, verbrennt man auch am Ende Menschen.
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302:. The catalogue went back far enough to include literature from
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2349:"Fighting the Fires of Hate: America and the Nazi Book Burnings"
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were available upon the library's opening were Albert Einstein,
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Fighting the Fires of Hate: America and the Nazi Book Burnings
1882:
National Socialist Rule in Germany: The Führer State 1933–1945
1415:
Fighting the Fires of Hate: America and the Nazi Book Burnings
1149:). Exiled authors despaired and died by suicide, for example:
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and the masses, and which seeks to drag them through the mud (
117:
authors among others. The initial books burned were those of
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Where they burn books, they will burn people too in the end.
760:
few rare and ancient books in a museum on Judaism after the
689:-damaging writings of "Asphalt and Civilization" literati: (
1449:, the librarian who created the original blacklist of books
1293:, who spoke at the inaugural dinner, had led a protest at
2364:
2165:"US Urban vs Rural News Reporting on Nazi Book Burnings"
1386:
Artworks were under the same censorship as other media;
640:, or to dissolve the racial and structural order of the
515:
Books built into the floor at the museum Story of Berlin
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Literature by Jewish authors, regardless of the field;
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Kantorowicz, A. (1944). Library of the Burned Books.
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described the behavior of the Germans as “childish.”
479:
is sinking to the ground, but from this wreckage the
1979:: The Margaret Sanger Papers Project, Newsletter #32
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was a traveling exhibition that was produced by the
523:
Memorial for book burning in 1933; on the ground of
42:
Examples of books burned by the Nazis on display at
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2683:
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1273:The library was a strong advocate for the cause of
125:, but came to include very many authors, including
1802:"6 May 1933: Looting of the Institute of Sexology"
1746:(1st American ed.). New York: Penguin Press.
1704:
1632:ualibr-exhibits.s3-website-us-west-2.amazonaws.com
349:On the same day, the Student Union published the "
488:Joseph Goebbels, Speech to the students in Berlin
1711:, New York: Times Change Press, pp. 40–41,
1707:The Early Homosexual Rights Movement (1864–1935)
18:Destruction of Jewish books during the Holocaust
1541:, p. 31. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1507:History Unfolded: US Responses to the Holocaust
1178:
464:
1680:. Qualia Folk. 8 December 2011. Archived from
357:'s burning of a papal bull when he posted his
2380:
1395:talking in a sunlit street in a small town".
1375:Censorship in the Federal Republic of Germany
8:
1991:"Tragödien nebst einem lyrischen Intermezzo"
1351:Evening Herald Courier of Bristol Tennessee
550:(former Opernplatz) in Berlin, designed by
2387:
2373:
2365:
2332:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum –
1957:"'Bambi' Is Even Bleaker Than You Thought"
1901:Dickerman, Michael; Bartrop, P.R. (2017).
1565:. Translated by Jean Steinberg. New York:
1509:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
325:speaking at a political rally against the
2287:German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940
2128:
747:Cultural genocide in occupied territories
2334:Library Bibliography: 1933 Book Burnings
2304:This article incorporates text from the
2172:German History Source Exploration Essays
1928:Battles, M (2003). "Knowledge On Fire".
1361:Allied censorship during de-Nazification
1196:(Heine's books were among those burned.)
483:of a new spirit will triumphantly rise.
446:them along with volumes from elsewhere.
406:Burnt remains of a book-burning target,
2973:
2353:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2351:. Traveling exhibition produced by the
2324:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2306:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2260:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2238:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2183:
2181:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1703:John Lauritsen; David Thorstad (1974),
1588:
1586:
1533:
1531:
1494:
1474:
1419:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1453:List of authors banned in Nazi Germany
1303:Jewish Theological Seminary of America
162:On April 8, 1933, the Main Office for
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2071:
2069:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1234:American Library of Nazi Banned Books
753:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
7:
2983:Vierteljahrshefte fĂĽr Zeitgeschichte
440:Bebelplatz square at the State Opera
1955:Schulz, Kathryn (January 17, 2022)
1722:. Revised edition published 1995,
34:Book burning in Berlin, 10 May 1933
2308:, and has been released under the
1407:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
735:All books degrading German purity.
390:member plunder the library of Dr.
85:. These included books written by
25:
1309:US urban vs. rural news reporting
419:Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection
53:were a campaign conducted by the
2956:
2947:
2946:
2936:
1651:Kaye, Hugh (November 16, 2021).
1061:; and Russian authors including
2937:
2163:Edel, Audrey (March 25, 2024).
1250:was held on December 22, 1934.
431:Institut fĂĽr Sexualwissenschaft
408:Le Marquis de Sade et Son Temps
2195:. May 27, 1946. Archived from
1826:. US Holocaust Memorial Museum
1804:. Holocaust Memorial Day Trust
1524:(in German). pp. 347–353.
1520:Strätz, Hans-Wolfgang (1968).
1458:List of book-burning incidents
685:The decadent, destructive and
1:
1776:"Dorchen's Day – Providentia"
1743:The coming of the Third Reich
1029:; as well as British authors
434:(Institute of Sex Research).
396:Institute for Sexual Research
2860:Conservation and restoration
2081:www.brooklynjewishcenter.org
2053:Cambridge University Library
1974:"The Sanger–Hitler Equation"
764:was successfully completed.
386:A German student and a Nazi
997:; American writers such as
3057:
2326:– Holocaust Encyclopedia:
2254:Fighting the Fires of Hate
1740:Evans, Richard J. (2004).
1593:Reuth, Ralf Georg (1993).
1364:
1143:Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen
466:The era of extreme Jewish
2932:
1972:Staff (Winter 2002/2003)
1907:. ABC-CLIO. p. 458.
137:, books were also burned
3031:The Holocaust in Germany
2343:The Burning of the Books
2285:Mauthner, Martin (2007)
1989:Heine, Heinrich (1823).
868:Alexander Lernet-Holenia
741:Deutsche Studentenschaft
63:Deutsche Studentenschaft
2518:Collection (publishing)
2442:Illuminated manuscripts
1678:"Institute of Sexology"
1563:The German Dictatorship
1371:Allied-occupied Germany
1347:The Ogden Utah Examiner
1343:Wilmington Morning News
1047:Henry de Vere Stacpoole
732:and explicit literature
2339:Jewish Virtual Library
1559:Bracher, Karl Dietrich
1537:Hench, John B. (2010)
1392:
1323:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
1217:German Freedom Library
1184:
568:
554:
536:
516:
508:
507:, Berlin book burnings
491:
421:
399:
330:
316:
62:
46:
35:
3021:History of censorship
3016:Censorship in Germany
2887:Intellectual property
2513:Volume (bibliography)
2218:on December 23, 2007.
2121:10.1353/lib.2007.0026
1780:drvitelli.typepad.com
1388:
1355:Delaware Morning News
1339:Philadelphia Inquirer
1327:Philadelphia Inquirer
1295:Madison Square Garden
916:Gertrud von Puttkamer
840:Heinrich Eduard Jacob
560:
542:
522:
514:
503:
405:
385:
321:
180:
176:Karl Dietrich Bracher
41:
33:
948:Abraham Nahum Stencl
920:Erich Maria Remarque
172:German Student Union
143:occupied territories
55:German Student Union
2291:Vallentine Mitchell
2252:"Current Schedule:
2037:, 110(20), 686–688.
1977:New York University
1469:Informational notes
1240:Israel H. Levinthal
1083:Vladimir Mayakovsky
1007:F. Scott Fitzgerald
327:Lausanne Conference
2924:World Book Capital
2141:– via EBSCO.
2047:Noble, L. (2019).
1782:. December 5, 2010
1684:on 18 January 2015
1399:In popular culture
1305:in New York City.
1151:Walter Hasenclever
1111:Carl von Ossietzky
1067:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
956:Bertha von Suttner
928:Joachim Ringelnatz
904:Carl von Ossietzky
860:Siegfried Kracauer
808:Marieluise FleiĂźer
768:Persecuted authors
755:was a campaign of
594:The literature of
569:
566:Bonner Marketplace
555:
537:
517:
509:
422:
400:
394:, Director of the
378:The burnings start
359:ninety-five theses
331:
69:) to ceremonially
51:Nazi book burnings
47:
36:
2970:
2969:
2802:Coffee table book
2633:Bookworm (insect)
2299:978-0-85303-540-4
2210:Goldstein, Cora.
2015:Baez 2011, p. 211
1993:. Berlin: German
1547:978-0-8014-4891-1
1447:Wolfgang Herrmann
1335:Honolulu Bulletin
1279:national movement
1147:Rudolf Hilferding
1133:, Georg Hermann,
1103:Magnus Hirschfeld
804:Lion Feuchtwanger
757:cultural genocide
693:, Heinrich Mann,
680:Magnus Hirschfeld
669:Felix Mendelssohn
544:The Empty Library
477:November Republic
426:Magnus Hirschfeld
392:Magnus Hirschfeld
363:Wartburg Festival
147:such as in Poland
135:cultural genocide
16:(Redirected from
3048:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2870:History of books
2389:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2356:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2214:. Archived from
2207:
2201:
2200:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2160:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2104:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2038:
2035:The New Republic
2031:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1986:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1930:American Scholar
1925:
1919:
1918:
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1555:
1549:
1539:Books As Weapons
1535:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1482:
1479:
1432:Books in Germany
1198:
1197:
1123:Jakob van Hoddis
1087:Vladimir Nabokov
1053:, Irish authors
1011:Ernest Hemingway
1003:Theodore Dreiser
836:Ödön von Horvath
796:Friedrich Engels
699:Jakob Wassermann
691:Oskar Maria Graf
621:Walther Rathenau
525:Römerberg Square
489:
141:by the Nazis in
21:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3011:1933 in Germany
3006:May 1933 events
2996:
2995:
2994:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2928:
2913:The Philobiblon
2806:
2740:
2679:
2527:
2474:limited edition
2398:
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2094:
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2083:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2049:"Burning Books"
2046:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
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1569:. p. 325.
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1401:
1377:
1365:Main articles:
1363:
1311:
1283:Jewish homeland
1244:Albert Einstein
1236:
1219:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1163:Walter Benjamin
1027:Margaret Sanger
999:John Dos Passos
872:Karl Liebknecht
864:Theodor Lessing
828:Werner Hegemann
792:Albert Einstein
780:Walter Benjamin
770:
749:
617:Weimar Republic
574:summer solstice
490:
487:
468:intellectualism
417:). Part of the
413:Marquis de Sade
380:
160:
155:
127:Albert Einstein
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2930:
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2927:
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2921:
2919:World Book Day
2916:
2909:
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2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2867:
2862:
2857:
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2847:
2845:Book packaging
2842:
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2731:United Kingdom
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2330:
2319:
2318:External links
2316:
2315:
2314:
2301:
2273:
2272:
2243:
2221:
2202:
2199:on 2009-06-27.
2189:"Read No Evil"
2177:
2155:
2144:
2115:(3): 523–535.
2109:Library Trends
2092:
2065:
2039:
2017:
2008:
1981:
1965:
1961:The New Yorker
1948:
1939:
1920:
1913:
1893:
1859:
1846:"Book Burning"
1837:
1824:"Book Burning"
1815:
1793:
1767:
1752:
1732:
1717:
1695:
1669:
1643:
1619:
1605:
1582:
1575:
1550:
1527:
1512:
1503:"Book Burning"
1493:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:Denazification
1439:
1437:Degenerate art
1434:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1404:The 1989 film
1400:
1397:
1381:von Clausewitz
1367:Denazification
1362:
1359:
1331:Miami Herald’s
1310:
1307:
1248:Heinz Liepmann
1235:
1232:
1218:
1215:
1206:
1203:
1190:Heinrich Heine
1177:
1176:
1175:
1119:Gertrud Kolmar
1107:Walter Mehring
1079:Vladimir Lenin
1071:Ilya Ehrenburg
1043:D. H. Lawrence
1035:Radclyffe Hall
1023:Upton Sinclair
995:Romain Rolland
983:Henri Barbusse
972:Grete Weiskopf
964:Frank Wedekind
952:Carl Sternheim
908:Erwin Piscator
892:Ludwig Marcuse
880:Rosa Luxemburg
824:Jaroslav Hašek
812:Leonhard Frank
769:
766:
762:Final Solution
748:
745:
737:
736:
733:
727:
726:in literature.
720:
709:
706:
683:
672:
653:
646:egalitarianism
632:
613:
607:
592:
589:Romain Rolland
562:"Lese-Zeichen"
485:
379:
376:
340:Josef Goebbels
284:Lasker-SchĂĽler
159:
156:
154:
151:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3053:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Book burnings
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
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2861:
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2856:
2853:
2851:
2850:Book swapping
2848:
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2737:
2736:United States
2734:
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2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
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2709:
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2704:
2702:
2699:
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2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Print culture
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
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2631:
2629:
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2599:
2597:
2594:
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2587:
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2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Bibliotherapy
2574:
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2559:
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2184:
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2159:
2156:
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2148:
2145:
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2126:
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2114:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
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2078:
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2054:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
1997:. p. 148
1996:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1914:9781440840845
1910:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:0-631-18507-0
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:Frei, Norbert
1874:
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1868:
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1864:
1860:
1847:
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1816:
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1759:
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1753:1-59420-004-1
1749:
1745:
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1736:
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1729:
1728:0-87810-041-5
1725:
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1718:0-87810-027-X
1714:
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1673:
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1620:
1608:
1606:9780156001397
1602:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:0-14-013724-6
1572:
1568:
1567:Penguin Books
1564:
1560:
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1299:
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1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:, the Jewish
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:Sigmund Freud
1261:
1257:
1251:
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1204:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1183:
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1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:Carl Einstein
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Adam Kuckhoff
1136:
1135:Theodor Wolff
1132:
1128:
1127:Paul Kornfeld
1124:
1120:
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1039:Aldous Huxley
1036:
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1031:Joseph Conrad
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912:Alfred Polgar
909:
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869:
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837:
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832:Hermann Hesse
829:
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821:
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816:Sigmund Freud
813:
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797:
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758:
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742:
734:
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728:
725:
721:
719:view of life;
718:
714:
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684:
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677:
673:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
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647:
643:
639:
638:
633:
630:
626:
625:Heinrich Mann
622:
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530:
526:
521:
513:
506:
502:
498:
496:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
463:
461:
460:Erich Kästner
457:
456:Ernst Glaeser
453:
452:Heinrich Mann
447:
445:
441:
435:
433:
432:
427:
420:
416:
415:and his times
414:
409:
404:
397:
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389:
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377:
375:
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367:
364:
360:
356:
355:Martin Luther
352:
351:Twelve Theses
347:
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324:
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297:
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289:
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269:
265:
264:Hoffmannsthal
261:
257:
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249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:Mann brothers
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3041:Anti-Marxism
3026:Nazi culture
2986:
2982:
2976:
2911:
2907:Preservation
2832:
2823:Book burning
2818:Banned books
2571:Bibliophilia
2556:Bibliography
2486:advance copy
2469:instant book
2437:Illustration
2420:dust jackets
2328:Book Burning
2303:
2286:
2280:Bibliography
2279:
2278:
2276:
2263:. Retrieved
2253:
2246:
2231:
2224:
2216:the original
2205:
2197:the original
2192:
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2084:. Retrieved
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1999:. Retrieved
1984:
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1682:the original
1672:
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1319:Miami Herald
1318:
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1291:Stephen Wise
1272:
1260:Helen Keller
1252:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1210:Helen Keller
1208:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1171:Stefan Zweig
1167:Ernst Toller
1115:Erich MĂĽhsam
1099:
1095:Leon Trotsky
1015:Helen Keller
980:
976:Arnold Zweig
968:Franz Werfel
960:Ernst Toller
944:Anna Seghers
940:Felix Salten
900:Robert Musil
876:Georg Lukács
848:Georg Kaiser
774:
771:
750:
740:
738:
695:Stefan Zweig
686:
675:
657:George Grosz
641:
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552:Micha Ullman
527:in front of
494:
492:
465:
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436:
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368:
348:
344:antisemitism
332:
181:
161:
158:Announcement
138:
131:Helen Keller
123:Karl Kautsky
75:Nazi Germany
66:
50:
48:
2840:Book curses
2716:Netherlands
2586:Bookselling
2561:Bibliomania
2544:Bestsellers
2532:Consumption
2523:Book series
2508:Typesetting
2058:November 3,
2001:25 December
1786:February 3,
1662:January 31,
1268:Thomas Mann
1256:Maxim Gorki
1155:Ernst Weiss
1091:Leo Tolstoy
1075:Maxim Gorki
1063:Isaac Babel
1059:Oscar Wilde
1055:James Joyce
1051:H. G. Wells
1019:Jack London
991:Victor Hugo
936:Nelly Sachs
932:Joseph Roth
924:Ludwig Renn
888:Thomas Mann
852:Alfred Kerr
844:Franz Kafka
800:Etta Federn
784:Ernst Bloch
730:Pornography
717:upper class
650:Emil Ludwig
629:Thomas Mann
612:literature;
585:H. G. Wells
531:city hall,
372:nationalism
256:Bergengruen
91:half-Jewish
3000:Categories
2989:: 347–353.
2785:audiobooks
2684:By country
2637:Furniture
2628:Digitizing
2623:Collecting
2613:Censorship
2596:book towns
2481:Publishing
2464:incunabula
2403:Production
2289:, London:
2265:August 13,
2086:2020-11-20
1995:Wikisource
1688:18 January
1637:2021-10-01
1464:References
1131:Arno Nadel
987:André Gide
884:Klaus Mann
856:Egon Kisch
788:Franz Boas
776:Vicki Baum
751:Among the
722:Patriotic
703:Franz Blei
604:Bolshevism
548:Bebelplatz
505:Opernplatz
398:in Berlin.
244:Schnitzler
168:Propaganda
115:sexologist
71:burn books
44:Yad Vashem
2855:Book tour
2828:incidents
2760:miniature
2755:fictional
2641:bookcases
2581:Bookmarks
2496:paperback
2491:hardcover
2130:2142/3723
1489:Citations
1287:Palestine
1205:Responses
896:Karl Marx
820:Iwan Goll
713:bourgeois
600:Communism
535:, Germany
529:Frankfurt
296:Zuckmayer
248:Tucholsky
236:Ossietzky
188:Bernstein
119:Karl Marx
103:anarchist
99:socialist
95:communist
2952:Category
2865:Dog ears
2781:Formats
2777:Grimoire
2770:textbook
2721:Pakistan
2668:literacy
2646:bookends
2565:tsundoku
2449:Printing
2139:39301623
1762:53186626
1657:Attitude
1596:Goebbels
1561:(1970).
1426:See also
1411:Culture.
1349:and the
1325:and the
661:Otto Dix
610:Pacifist
495:literati
486:—
473:symbolic
323:Goebbels
240:Remarque
232:Plievier
200:Einstein
198:through
196:Rathenau
153:Campaign
139:en masse
111:pacifist
2942:Outline
2902:Outline
2811:Related
2751:Genres
2701:Germany
2675:Reviews
2663:Reading
2653:Library
2601:history
2459:history
2454:edition
2432:Editing
2410:Binding
1880:(1993)
1612:28 July
1275:Zionism
1187:–
665:Bauhaus
596:Marxism
546:at the
481:phoenix
268:Kästner
252:Barlach
170:of the
107:liberal
79:Austria
2962:Portal
2875:scroll
2790:Ebooks
2765:pop-up
2696:France
2691:Brazil
2591:blurbs
2539:Awards
2427:Design
2415:Covers
2297:
2137:
1911:
1888:
1852:24 Jun
1830:24 Jun
1808:24 Jun
1760:
1750:
1726:
1715:
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1573:
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1373:, and
1281:for a
1193:(1823)
1169:, and
1145:, and
1093:, and
1025:, and
974:, and
724:kitsch
444:burned
442:, and
329:(1932)
298:, and
292:Werfel
276:Kesten
272:Kasack
246:, and
222:, the
220:Kaiser
216:Döblin
208:Brecht
194:, and
192:Preuss
113:, and
87:Jewish
83:Nazism
59:German
2897:Novel
2880:codex
2795:Folio
2745:Other
2726:Spain
2711:Japan
2706:Italy
2618:Clubs
2396:Books
2168:(PDF)
2135:S2CID
1936:(35).
1848:. PBS
533:Hesse
335:Nazis
312:Kafka
304:Heine
300:Hesse
288:Unruh
280:Kraus
260:Broch
250:, to
228:Zweig
204:Freud
184:Bebel
164:Press
2892:ISBN
2833:Nazi
2606:used
2549:list
2503:Size
2310:GFDL
2295:ISBN
2267:2014
2193:Time
2060:2019
2003:2022
1909:ISBN
1886:ISBN
1854:2023
1832:2023
1810:2023
1788:2016
1758:OCLC
1748:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1690:2015
1664:2022
1614:2021
1601:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1543:ISBN
1246:and
1057:and
993:and
687:Volk
676:Volk
642:Volk
637:Volk
602:and
308:Marx
306:and
212:Brod
166:and
121:and
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