Leatherback sea turtle - Knowledge (XXG)

2147:. This tropical island off the coast of Venezuela is known for its vibrant ethnic diversity and rich cultural events. It is also the site of one of the most important nesting beaches for endangered leatherback turtles, enormous reptiles that can weigh a ton and dive deeper than many whales. Each year, more than 2,000 female leatherbacks haul themselves onto Matura Beach to lay their eggs. With leatherback populations declining more quickly than any other large animal in modern history, each turtle is precious. On this research project, Dennis Sammy of Nature Seekers and Scott Eckert of Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network work alongside a team of volunteers to help prevent the extinction of leatherback sea turtles. 126: 1476:(common Remoras) will latch onto leatherbacks and display phoresis behavior or 'hitchhiking' this represents commensalism, where one species is benefiting, while the other species is not gaining or losing anything. One cause for their endangered state is plastic bags floating in the ocean. Pacific leatherback sea turtles mistake these plastic bags for jellyfish; an estimated one-third of adults have ingested plastic. Plastic enters the oceans along the west coast of urban areas, where leatherbacks forage, with Californians using upward of 19 billion plastic bags every year. Plastic bags were banned in California in 2016. 1032:

between teeth corresponding to collagen-ductile failure. The triangular tooth geometry is able to evenly distribute load and absorb energy. This leads to a high strength in tension since this geometry takes advantage of the tensile strength of bone and the interface. Additionally, the carapace is tough because sutures prevent crack propagation. Under load, cracks interact with the sutures which can resist crack growth via crack bridging. This phenomenon was observed in sequential compression of osteoderm samples.

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This hunting strategy often places turtles in very frigid waters. One individual was found actively hunting in waters where temperatures were as low as 0.4 °C (32.7 °F). Following each foraging dive, the leatherback would return to warmer (17.5 °C (63.5 °F)) surface waters to regain body heat before continuing to dive into near freezing waters. Leatherback turtles are known to pursue prey deeper than 1000 m—beyond the physiological limits of all other diving

918: 1483:, and even small quantities of debris can kill sea turtles by obstructing their digestive tracts. Nutrient dilution, which occurs when plastics displace food in the gut, affects the nutrient gain and consequently the growth of sea turtles. Ingestion of marine debris and slowed nutrient gain leads to increased time for sexual maturation that may affect future reproductive behaviors. These turtles have the highest risk of encountering and ingesting plastic bags offshore of 1744: 1856:, find the leatherback sea turtle culturally significant because it is one of their five main creators. The Seri people devote ceremonies and fiestas to the turtle when one is caught and then released back into the environment. The Seri people have noticed the drastic decline in turtle populations over the years and created a conservation movement to help this. The group, made up of both youth and elders from the tribe, is called Grupo Tortuguero Comaac. They use both 973: 198: 1028:

keratinous shell. The osteoderms are made up of bone-like hydroxyapatite/collagen tissue and have jagged edges, referred to as teeth. These osteoderms are connected by a configuration of interpenetrating extremities called sutures that provide flexibility to the carapace, enabling in plane and out of plane movement between osteoderms. This is important since the lungs, and thus the carapace, expand when taking in air and contract when deep diving.

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their lives in the ocean, their eyes are not well adapted to night vision on land. The typical nesting environment includes a dark forested area adjacent to the beach. The contrast between this dark forest and the brighter, moonlit ocean provides directionality for the females. They nest towards the dark and then return to the ocean and the light. The mean time it takes to complete a nesting event from landing to departure is 108.1 minutes.

6490: 1240:, host the largest nesting population on the African continent and possibly worldwide, with nearly 30,000 turtles visiting its beaches each year between October and April. Off the northeastern coast of the South American continent, a few select beaches between French Guiana and Suriname are primary nesting sites of several species of sea turtles, the majority being leatherbacks. A few hundred nest annually on the eastern coast of 1942: 156: 1998:

contaminants include arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium. The contaminants were found in higher concentrations in the blood compared to the salt gland secretions. The length of the curve in the carapace of a turtle had a direct correlation with cadmium and mercury concentrations. Salt glands and red blood cells are potentially susceptible to high levels of contaminants being found in the oceans.

1307:, once had the largest nesting population in the world, hosting 10,000 nests per year. The major cause of the decline was egg consumption by humans. Conservation efforts initiated in the 1960s were ineffective because they involved excavating and incubating eggs at artificial sites which inadvertently exposed the eggs to high temperatures. It only became known in the 1980s that sea turtles undergo 1721: 1049: 2143:, a global nonprofit that teams volunteer with scientists to conduct important environmental research, launched a program called "Trinidad's Leatherback Sea Turtles". This program strives to help save the world's largest turtle from extinction in Matura Beach, Trinidad, as volunteers work side by side with leading scientists and a local conservation group, 1697: 2158:

has one such initiative. Parismina is an isolated sandbar where a large number of leatherbacks lay eggs, but poachers abound. Since 1998, the village has been assisting turtles with a hatchery program. The Parismina Social Club is a charitable organization backed by American tourists and expatriates,

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Conserving Pacific and Eastern Atlantic populations were included among the top-ten issues in turtle conservation in the first State of the World's Sea Turtles report published in 2006. The report noted significant declines in the Mexican, Costa Rican, and Malaysian populations. The eastern Atlantic

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Due to their diet consisting of gelatinous zooplankton, the leatherback sea turtle consumes high amounts of salt. Different life stages of dead individuals from the western Atlantic Ocean were used to test the concentrations of various contaminants found in the salt glands and red blood cells. These

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in one breeding season. About nine days pass between nesting events. Average clutch size is around 110 eggs, 85% of which are viable. After laying, the female carefully back-fills the nest, disguising it from predators with a scattering of sand. With the average clutch size being around 110, around

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Very little is known of the species' lifespan. Some reports claim "30 years or more", while others state "50 years or more" and upper estimates exceed 100 years. In 2020, researchers from CSIRO, Australia's National Science Agency, developed a method to calculate the natural lifespan of vertebrate

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to the U.S.A. in a 20,000 km (12,000 mi) foraging journey over a period of 647 days. Leatherbacks follow their jellyfish prey throughout the day, resulting in turtles "preferring" deeper water in the daytime, and shallower water at night (when the jellyfish rise up the water column).

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body. A large pair of front flippers powers the turtles through the water. Like other sea turtles, the leatherback has flattened forelimbs adapted for swimming in the open ocean. Claws are absent from both pairs of flippers. The leatherback's flippers are the largest in proportion to its body among

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literally translates to "Leathery Skin-turtle"). Older names include "leathery turtle" and "trunk turtle". The common names incorporating "lute" and "luth" compare the seven ridges that run the length of the animal's back to the seven strings on the musical instrument of the same name. But probably

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People around the world still harvest sea turtle eggs. Asian exploitation of turtle nests has been cited as the most significant factor for the species' global population decline. In Southeast Asia, egg harvesting in countries such as Thailand and Malaysia has led to a near-total collapse of local

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of the hatchings. After nightfall, the hatchings dig to the surface and walk to the sea. The morphology of offspring has been found to vary with nest incubation temperatures. Higher temperatures resulted in lower mass, smaller appendages, narrower carapace widths, and shorter flipper lengths while

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are easily damaged by hard rocks. Nesting beaches also have shallower approach angles from the sea. This is a vulnerability for the turtles because such beaches easily erode. They nest at night when the risk of predation and heat stress is lowest. As leatherback turtles spend the vast majority of

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The carapace of the leatherback sea turtle has a unique design which enables the sea turtles to withstand high hydrostatic pressures as they dive to depths of 1200 m. Unlike other sea turtles, the leatherback sea turtle has a soft, leathery skin which covers the osteoderms rather than a hard

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discovered individuals may spend as little as 0.1% of the day resting. This constant swimming creates muscle-derived heat. Coupled with their countercurrent heat exchangers, insulating fat covering, and large size, leatherbacks are able to maintain high temperature differentials compared to the

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The sutures connect rigid elements and flexible joints in a zig-zag configuration, so there is no region where teeth can easily penetrate the carapace. There are two main failure mechanisms for the tires in tension: tooth failure corresponding to mineral-brittle failure; and interfacial failure

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leatherback turtles to replenish the country's rapidly declining population. Some conservation biologists, however, are skeptical of the proposed plan because cloning has only succeeded on mammals such as dogs, sheep, cats, and cattle, and uncertainties persist about cloned animals' health and

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Leatherbacks have slightly fewer human-related threats than other sea turtle species, however, turtle-fishery interactions may play a larger role than previously recognized. Their flesh contains too much oil and fat to be considered palatable, reducing the demand. However, human activity still

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Adults are prone to long-distance migration. Migration occurs between the cold waters where mature leatherbacks feed, to the tropical and subtropical beaches in the regions where they hatch. In the Atlantic, females tagged in French Guiana have been recaptured on the other side of the ocean in

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Light pollution is a serious threat to sea turtle hatchlings which have a strong attraction to light. Human-generated light from streetlights and buildings causes hatchlings to become disoriented, crawling toward the light and away from the beach. Hatchlings are attracted to light because the

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have found that its true CCL is closer to 1.5 m (4.9 ft), casting doubt on the accuracy of the claimed weight, as well. On the other hand, one scientific paper has claimed that the species can weigh up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) without providing more verifiable detail. The

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and measured 213 cm (6.99 ft) in CCL and 650 kg (1,433 lb) in weight. A previous contender, the "Harlech turtle", was purportedly 256.5 cm (8.42 ft) in CCL and 916 kg (2,019 lb) in weight, however recent inspection of its remains housed at the

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The adult leatherback has been observed aggressively defending itself at sea from predators. A medium-sized adult was observed chasing a shark that had attempted to bite it and then turned its aggression and attacked the boat containing the humans observing the prior interaction.

1053: 1074:. Initial studies on their metabolic rates found leatherbacks had resting metabolisms around three times higher than expected for reptiles of their size. However, recent studies using reptile representatives encompassing all the size ranges leatherbacks pass through during 1311:; it is suspected that nearly all the artificially incubated hatchlings were female. In 2008, two turtles nested at Rantau Abang, and unfortunately, the eggs were infertile. Additionally, there are small nesting sites in southern Thailand where 18 turtles nested in 2021. 1097:

Leatherback turtles are one of the deepest-diving marine animals. Individuals have been recorded diving to depths as great as 1,280 m (4,200 ft). Typical dive durations are between 3 and 8 minutes, with dives of 30–70 minutes occurring infrequently.

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cells, while the eggs are being laid. Development then resumes, but embryos remain extremely susceptible to movement-induced mortality until the membranes fully develop after incubating for 20 to 25 days. The structural differentiation of body and organs

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animals by leveraging genetic markers and known lifespans of various species. From the genomic sequencing of DNA samples taken from five different marine turtle species, the natural lifespan of the Leatherback turtle was calculated at 90.4 years.

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can be ineffective with mature adults. In the eastern Pacific alone, a reported average of 1,500 mature females were accidentally caught annually in the 1990s. Pollution, both chemical and physical, can also be fatal. Many turtles die from

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lightest area on a natural beach is the horizon over the ocean, the darkest area is the dunes or forest. On Florida's Atlantic coast, some beaches with high turtle nesting density have lost thousands of hatchlings due to artificial light.

3901: 781:-like skin, for which it is named. Leatherback turtles have a global range, although there are multiple distinct subpopulations. The species as a whole is considered vulnerable, and some of its subpopulations are critically endangered. 1272:

in North America. The eastern Pacific population forages in the Southern Hemisphere, in waters along the western coast of South America, nesting in Mexico, Panama, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, as well as eastern Australia.

2206:'s shore, but never in the state of Paraná, this unusual act brought much attention to the area, biologists have been protecting the nests and checking their eggs' temperature, although it might be that none of the eggs are fertile. 4413: 5290: 1839:

They are also a major jellyfish predator, which helps keep populations in check. This bears importance to humans, as jellyfish diets consist largely of larval fish, the adults of which are commercially fished by humans.

2198:(TAMAR project), which works to protect nests and prevent accidental kills by fishing boats. The last official count of nesting leatherback females in Brazil yielded only seven females. In January 2010, one female at 2112:

ratified its status. In 2012, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration designated 41,914 square miles of Pacific Ocean along California, Oregon, and Washington as "critical habitat". In Canada, the

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to signal her reproductive status), the male uses head movements, nuzzling, biting, or flipper movements to determine her receptiveness. Males can mate every year but the females mate every two to three years.

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does not provide the offspring with any special advantages. Female leatherbacks are known to nest up to 10 times in a single nesting season giving them the shortest internesting interval of all sea turtles.

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leatherback turtle is scarcely larger than any other sea turtle upon hatching, as they average 61.3 mm (2.41 in) in carapace length and weigh around 46 g (1.6 oz) when freshly hatched.

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endangers leatherback turtles in direct and indirect ways. Directly, a few are caught for their meat by subsistence fisheries. Nests are raided by humans in places such as Southeast Asia. In the state of

4683: 1627:, and various large fish. Despite their lack of a hard shell, the huge adults face fewer serious predators, though they are occasionally overwhelmed and preyed on by very large marine predators such as 3105:

McClain, CR; Balk, MA; Benfield, MC; Branch, TA; Chen, C; Cosgrove, J; Dove, ADM; Gaskins, LC; Helm, RR; Hochberg, FG; Lee, FB; Marshall, A; McMurray, SE; Schanche, C; Stone, SN; Thaler, AD (2015).

1938:, there have been 603 leatherback strandings between 1980 and 2014. Almost one-quarter (23.5%) of leatherback strandings are due to vessel-strike injuries, which is the highest cause of strandings. 2210: 6336:

Wood, Roger Conant; Johnson-Gove, Jonnie; Gaffney, Eugene S.; Maley, Kevin F. (1996). "Evolution and phylogeny of the leatherback turtles (Dermochelyidae), with descriptions of new fossil taxa".

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adults average 1–1.75 m (3.3–5.7 ft) in curved carapace length (CCL), 1.83–2.2 m (6.0–7.2 ft) in total length, and 250 to 700 kg (550 to 1,540 lb) in weight. In the

3909: 1894:. In 2021, a leatherback sea turtle was laid to rest by New Zealand's Department of Conservation in a hilltop cave on the Peninsula's Horomaka Island dug by hapū and in accordance with their 1708:

While other sea turtle species almost always return to their hatching beach, leatherbacks may choose another beach within the region. They choose beaches with soft sand because their softer

1994:. Leatherback sea turtles ranging from 1885 to 2007 were autopsied for the existence of plastic in the gastrointestinal tract. It was discovered that 34% of the cases had plastic blockage. 1470:

Pacific leatherbacks migrate about 6,000 mi (9,700 km) across the Pacific from their nesting sites in Indonesia to eat California jellyfish. During these long traveling periods,

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extant sea turtles. Leatherback's front flippers can grow up to 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in large specimens, the largest flippers (even in comparison to its body) of any sea turtle.

1815:, Costa Rica. Farther east in French Guiana, nesting is from March to August. Atlantic leatherbacks nest between February and July from South Carolina in the United States to the 5298: 2173:

in Gabon, Central Africa, was created to protect Africa's most important nesting beach. More than 30,000 turtles nest on Mayumba's beaches between September and April each year.

1170:, and western Pacific Oceans. While nesting beaches have been identified in the region, leatherback populations in the Indian Ocean remain generally unassessed and unevaluated. 2185:, where more than 3,000 females nested in the late 1960s. The last official count of nesting leatherback females on that beach was recorded to be a mere two females in 1993. 4169: 4354: 3276:

Penick DN, Spotila JR, O'Connor MP, Steyermark AC, George RH, Salice CJ, Paladino FV (1998). "Thermal Independence of Muscle Tissue Metabolism in the Leatherback Turtle,

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Relatives of modern leatherback turtles have existed in relatively the same form since the first true sea turtles evolved over 110 million years ago during the

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A third possible Pacific subpopulation has been proposed, those that nest in Malaysia. This subpopulation, however, has effectively been eradicated. The beach of

991:, weighed an average of 339.3 kg (748 lb) and measured 1.54 m (5.1 ft) in CCL. The largest verified specimen ever found was discovered on the 4607:

Tomas; Guitart, R; Mateo, R; Raga, JA; et al. (2002). "Marine debris ingestion in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the Western Mediterranean".

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was founded specifically to conserve sea turtles, specifically its namesake. The foundation established a sanctuary in Costa Rica, the Parque Marino Las Baulas.

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50 percent of the eggs do not even develop into hatchlings. This only causes more concern for the species, because it makes management much harder to determine.

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The continental United States offers two major Pacific leatherback feeding areas. One well-studied area is just off the northwestern coast near the mouth of the

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surrounding water. Adult leatherbacks have been found with core body temperatures that were 18 °C (32 °F) above the water in which they were swimming.

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Recent estimates of global nesting populations are that 26,000 to 43,000 females nest annually, which is a dramatic decline from the 115,000 estimated in 1980.

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Rostal, D. C., et al. "Reproductive physiology of nesting leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2.2 (1996): 230-236.

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lists the leatherback turtle moving at 35.28 km/h (21.92 mph) in the water. More typically, they swim at 1.80–10.08 km/h (1.12–6.26 mph).

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takes place at sea. Males never leave the water once they enter it, unlike females, which nest on land. After encountering a female (which possibly exudes a

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Foley, Allen (2017). "Distributions, relative abundances, and mortality factors of sea turtles in Florida during 1980-2014 as determined from strandings".

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Rimblot F, Fretey J, Mrosovsky N, Lescure J, Pieau C (1985). "Sexual differentiation as a function of the incubation temperature of eggs in the sea-turtle

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Desvages G, Girondot M, Pieau C (1993). "Sensitive stages for the effects of temperature on gonadal aromatase activity in embryos of the marine turtle

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Bjorndal, K.A. et al., 1997. Foraging Ecology and Nutrition of Sea Turtles. In The Biology of Sea Turtles by Peter L. Lutz and John A. Musick. 218-220.

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Bjorndal; Bolten, Alan B.; Lagueux, Cynthia J.; et al. (1994). "Ingestion of marine debris by juvenile sea turtles in coastal Florida habitats".

5615:"Evidence of accumulation and elimination of inorganic contaminants from the lachrymal salt glands of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)" 9581: 9571: 9394: 9096: 6391: 5343: 9420: 9148: 2735: 2706: 2677: 2648: 2623: 2594: 2565: 1804: 1308: 3049: 1761: 987:, the mean size of adults was reported at 384 kg (847 lb) in weight and 1.55 m (5.1 ft) in CCL. Similarly, those nesting in 9596: 9586: 5215:"Influence of nest temperature on morphology of Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) hatchlings incubated in hatcheries in Oaxaca, Mexico" 4884: 949:. Seven distinct ridges rise from the carapace, crossing from the cranial to caudal margin of the turtle's back. Leatherbacks are unique among 9249: 5506: 5119: 5093:

Fretey J, Girondot M (1989). "Hydrodynamic factors involved in choice of nesting site and time of arrivals of Leatherback in french Guiana".

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of its upper lip, with backwards spines in its throat (esophagus) to help it swallow food and to stop its prey from escaping once caught.

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reptile, reaching lengths of up to 2.7 metres (8 ft 10 in) and weights of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb). It is the only living

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between the large front flippers and the core body, and an extensive network of countercurrent heat exchangers surrounding the trachea.

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The leatherback has several characteristics that distinguish it from other sea turtles. Its most notable feature is the lack of a bony

9631: 9381: 9057: 3058: 2356: 2130: 1280:. The other American area is located in California. Further north, off the Pacific coast of Canada, leatherbacks visit the beaches of 835: 306: 1011:

exhibits several anatomical characteristics believed to be associated with a life in cold waters, including an extensive covering of

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Paladino FV, O'Connor MP, Spotila JR (1990). "Metabolism of Leatherback Turtles, Gigantothermy, and Thermoregulation of Dinosaurs".

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Leatherback turtles face many predators in their early lives. Eggs may be preyed on by a diversity of coastal predators, including

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Several Caribbean countries started conservation programs, such as the St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network, focused on using

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Yang, Wen; Gludovatz, Bernd; Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.; Bale, Hrishikesh A.; Ritchie, Robert O.; Meyers, Marc A. (1 April 2013).

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suggest only 2,300 adult females of the Pacific leatherback remain, making it the most endangered marine turtle subpopulation.

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Goff GP, Stenson GB (1988). "Brown Adipose Tissue in Leatherback Sea Turtles: A Thermogenic Organ in an Endothermic Reptile".

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Yang, Wen; Chen, Irene H.; Gludovatz, Bernd; Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.; Ritchie, Robert O.; Meyers, Marc A. (4 January 2013).

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Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status

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turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status

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Reina, R. D.; Mayor, P. A.; Spotila, J. R.; Piedra, R.; Paladino, F. V. (2002). "Nesting ecology of the leatherback turtle,

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prey is found, which broadens their range. However, only a few beaches on both sides of the Atlantic provide nesting sites.

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Rather than using a high resting metabolism, leatherbacks appear to take advantage of a high activity rate. Studies on wild

125: 9666: 9601: 9576: 9566: 9551: 9187: 3317:"Ontogenetic Changes in Tracheal Structure Facilitate Deep Dives and Cold Water Foraging in Adult Leatherback Sea Turtles" 1383:

Their favored breeding beaches are mainland sites facing the deep water, and they seem to avoid those sites protected by

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lower temperatures resulted in greater mass, wider appendage widths, wider carapace widths, and longer flipper lengths.

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The leatherback turtle population in the Atlantic Ocean ranges across the entire region. They range as far north as the

137: 8868: 6678: 3940: 1883: 9556: 9531: 9511: 9135: 8982: 8956: 8879: 7402: 6786: 6277: 4804:"Influence of nest location and yolkless eggs on the hatching success of leatherback turtle clutches in French Guiana" 4248: 2922: 1257: 9319: 6354:

Hirsch, Rebecca E.. Leatherback Sea Turtles: Ancient Swimming Reptiles. United States, Lerner Publishing Group, 2015.

4306: 1260:, Indonesia, and the Solomon Islands, and forages across the Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere, along the coasts of 197: 9075: 2330:"Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status" 1189:

in the south. Unlike other sea turtles, leatherback feeding areas are in colder waters, where an abundance of their

9671: 9546: 9536: 9486: 9476: 7135: 4338: 3742: 2474: 2380: 1288: 812: 9205: 6054: 4770:"Arthropod succession in leatherback turtle carrion and implications for determination of the postmortem interval" 9088: 6624: 6604: 4109: 3569:

Wallace BP, Jones TT (2008). "What Makes Marine Turtles Go: A Review of Metabolic Rates and their Consequences".

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prey on the hatchlings scrambling for the sea. Once they enter the water, they become prey to predatory fish and

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flies invaded the corpse, as well. Organisms from more than a dozen families took part in consuming the carcass.

1205: 1120: 6255: 4278:(2006). "Expanded Thermal Niche for a Diving Vertebrate: A Leatherback Turtle Diving into Near-Freezing Water". 3219: 9481: 8974: 8934: 7781: 6703: 6630: 6654: 4238:, 8 May 2012, retrieved from Universiti Malaysia Terengganu's Sea Turtle Research Unit website on 13 May 2012. 1803:) soon follows. The eggs hatch in about 60 to 70 days. As with other reptiles, the nest's ambient temperature 6642: 3773: 880:

Both the turtle's common and scientific names come from the leathery texture and appearance of its carapace (

9466: 8637: 6648: 6377: 2126: 1016: 1001: 6636: 1965:. Entanglement in lobster pot ropes is another hazard the animals face. As the largest living sea turtles, 1860:

and Western technology to help manage the turtle populations and protect the turtle's natural environment.

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Willgohs JF (1957). "Occurrence of the Leathery Turtle in the Northern North Sea and off Western Norway".

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García-Grajales, J.; Meraz-Hernando, J. F.; García, J. L. Arcos; Ramírez-Fuentes, E. (10 February 2021).

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classified it as endangered. Ireland and Wales initiated a joint leatherback conservation effort between

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nesting population was threatened by increased fishing pressures from eastern South American countries.

2044: 1360: 1233: 965:, the turtle's underside is lightly colored. Instead of teeth, the leatherback turtle has points on the 329: 5449: 4235: 9438: 6348:

The Leatherback Turtle: Biology and Conservation. United States, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015.

6001: 5955: 5909: 5863: 5817: 5771: 5725: 5614: 5549: 3480: 3067: 9471: 9368: 9332: 9228: 9031: 8943: 8595: 7261: 6885: 6307: 6110: 5626: 5561: 4949: 4616: 4581: 4516: 4007: 3860: 3653: 3535: 3437: 2875: 2533:"Indian government's development plans for the Andamans may endanger the world's largest sea turtles" 2140: 1684: 1304: 5613:

Perrault, Justin R.; Lehner, Andreas F.; Buchweitz, John P.; Page-Karjian, Annie (1 February 2019).

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surface is colored dark grey to black, with a scattering of white blotches and spots. Demonstrating

8580: 6939: 6696: 6584: 2199: 2114: 1701: 1648: 1221: 917: 824: 145: 9179: 4803: 2278: 1327:. These turtles are proposed to form a separate, genetically distinct Indian Ocean subpopulation. 9293: 7987: 7952: 7819: 7617: 7558: 7528: 6550: 5658: 5234: 5075: 4507:

Mrosovky; Ryan, GD; James, MC; et al. (2009). "Leatherback turtles: The meance of plastic".

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Davenport J, Fraher J, Fitzgerald E, McLaughlin P, Doyle T, Harman L, Cuffe T, Dockery P (2009).

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once they mature; they are most vulnerable to predation in their early life stages. Birds, small

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lifespans. Leatherbacks used to nest in the thousands on Malaysian beaches, including those at

1335: 8995: 8530: 7513: 7465: 7456: 7339: 6916: 5650: 5642: 5595: 5587: 5502: 5433: 5195: 5125: 5115: 5067: 4977: 4725: 4632: 4542: 4489: 4446: 4035: 3994:

Caut, Stéphane; Guirlet, Elodie; Angulo, Elena; Das, Krishna; Girondot, Marc (25 March 2008).

3669: 3622: 3508: 3500: 3453: 3406: 3398: 3348: 3297: 3138: 2992: 2757: 2443: 2352: 2203: 2090: 1832:, the eggs are considered a delicacy. In the Caribbean, some cultures consider the eggs to be 1787: 1632: 1611:. Many of the same predators feed on baby turtles as they try to get to the ocean, as well as 1484: 1186: 847: 828: 346: 4386: 3425: 9275: 9218: 8961: 8322: 7710: 7685: 7646: 7594: 7325: 6870: 5996: 5950: 5904: 5858: 5812: 5766: 5720: 5634: 5577: 5569: 5461: 5226: 5187: 5156: 5056:"Environmental Unpredictability and Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Nest Loss" 4967: 4957: 4826: 4818: 4624: 4589: 4532: 4524: 4481: 4287: 4025: 4015: 3868: 3788: 3722: 3712: 3661: 3614: 3578: 3543: 3492: 3445: 3388: 3338: 3328: 3289: 3250: 3215: 3157: 3128: 3118: 2883: 2433: 2344: 2273: 2010: 1829: 1644: 1407:

jellyfish populations. Leatherbacks also feed on other soft-bodied organisms, such as other

1356: 1281: 958: 4684:"A Leatherback turtle has been found washed up on Macs Beach, about 6km north of Ardrossan" 2154:

to highlight the leatherback's plight. On the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica, the village of

2101:

The leatherback sea turtle is subject to different conservation laws in various countries.

9236: 9166: 8770: 8418: 8147: 8115: 7752: 7661: 7437: 7023: 6768: 6595: 5321: 4231: 1875: 1790:

of the cell begins within hours of fertilization, but development is suspended during the

1600: 1539: 1324: 1124: 1102: 851: 356: 4660: 4355:"Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago [OGATT] - Leatherback Turtle" 3814: 6111:"NOAA designates additional critical habitat for leatherback sea turtles off West Coast" 5978: 5932: 5886: 5840: 5794: 5748: 5702: 5630: 5565: 4953: 4620: 4585: 4520: 4170:"Giant turtle found on NSW beach may have been killed by pollution linked to heavy rain" 4011: 3864: 3657: 3539: 3441: 2879: 2348: 9083: 9070: 8665: 8655: 8552: 8402: 8242: 7944: 7889: 7631: 7566: 7106: 7097: 7066: 6974: 6863: 6777: 6475: 6455: 6400: 5676: 4030: 3995: 3601:

Eckert SA (2002). "Swim Speed and Movement Patterns of Gravid Leatherback Sea Turtles (

3133: 3106: 2328:

Rhodin, A. G. J.; van Dijk, P. P.; Inverson, J. B.; Shaffer, H. B. (14 December 2010).

2202:

laid hundreds of eggs. Since leatherback sea turtles had been reported to nest only at

2144: 2062: 2055: 1624: 1592: 1572: 1277: 1237: 1163: 996: 962: 930: 806: 762: 289: 279: 9013: 5638: 4972: 4937: 4883:

Michael R. Heithaus, Aaron J. Wirsing, Jordan A. Thomson, Derek A. Burkholder (2008).

4628: 3774:"Long-term monitoring of leatherback turtle diving behaviour during oceanic movements" 3293: 3015: 1941: 1323:

populations in the Indian Ocean, nesting populations are known from Sri Lanka and the

9455: 9161: 8845: 8728: 8628: 8617: 8588: 8502: 8386: 8370: 8330: 8264: 8174: 8139: 8083: 8067: 8051: 8025: 8013: 7997: 7975: 7967: 7774: 7485: 7318: 7179: 7126: 7074: 5987: 5941: 5895: 5849: 5803: 5757: 5711: 5465: 5238: 4593: 3727: 3681: 3465: 2985: 2264: 2194: 2037: 2025: 1971: 1848:

The turtle is known to be of cultural significance to tribes all over the world. The

1800: 1733: 1680: 1535: 1509: 1480: 1472: 1256:

Pacific leatherbacks divide into two populations. One population nests on beaches in

1217: 1167: 1156: 988: 906: 885:

more accurately derived from the lute's ribbed back which is in the form of a shell.

854: 165: 76: 8948: 5662: 5573: 5369: 4528: 4485: 3768:

Alessandro Sale; Luschi, Paolo; Mencacci, Resi; Lambardi, Paolo; Hughes, George R.;

3227: 2895: 2255: 1978:

following the ingestion of balloons and plastic bags which resemble their jellyfish

17: 9359: 9000: 8780: 8705: 8681: 8198: 8075: 8059: 8035: 7936: 7881: 7805: 7721: 7695: 7609: 7520: 7499: 7423: 7388: 7198: 7164: 7031: 6947: 6893: 6615: 6449: 3996:"Isotope Analysis Reveals Foraging Area Dichotomy for Atlantic Leatherback Turtles" 3936: 3880: 3555: 3107:"Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna" 2051: 2014: 1791: 1628: 1616: 1551: 1531: 1412: 1377: 1373: 1352: 1300: 1140: 954: 820: 6351:

Rake, Jody Sullivan. Leatherback Sea Turtles. United States, Capstone Press, 2012.

6024: 1720: 4224: 4083: 4020: 3665: 3496: 3393: 3376: 2438: 2421: 1811:

Leatherback nesting seasons vary by location; it occurs from February to July in

1760: 9306: 9288: 9192: 9174: 9109: 8928: 8758: 8713: 8559: 8544: 8466: 8458: 8450: 8426: 8306: 8290: 8274: 8190: 8182: 8131: 8107: 8099: 8091: 7959: 7911: 7834: 7759: 7624: 7580: 7506: 7492: 7444: 7301: 7219: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7058: 7000: 6992: 6909: 6901: 6848: 6838: 6560: 6541: 6521: 5494: 4933: 4885:"A review of lethal and non-lethal effects of predators on adult marine turtles" 4291: 4275: 3792: 3769: 3696: 3582: 1849: 1833: 1636: 1612: 1547: 1488: 1144: 770: 495: 51: 5448:

James, Michael C.; Andrea Ottensmeyer, C.; Myers, Ransom A. (13 January 2005).

8837: 8750: 8736: 8697: 8474: 8394: 8362: 8346: 8314: 8252: 8225: 8206: 8123: 7928: 7848: 7841: 7789: 7766: 7676: 7543: 7275: 7082: 7015: 6932: 6924: 6827: 6818: 6575: 6443: 6437: 6155: 5129: 4330: 2787: 2182: 2151: 2066: 1927: 1923: 1868: 1774: 1620: 1568: 1543: 1452: 1436: 1428: 1384: 1261: 1152: 1067: 926: 902: 898: 894: 766: 748: 269: 259: 96: 61: 8919: 6088: 5646: 5591: 5522: 5071: 4769: 4493: 3695:

Doyle TK, Houghton JD, O'Súilleabháin PF, Hobson VJ, Marnell F, Davenport J,

3504: 3402: 3206:, at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, Costa Rica: 1988-1989 to 1999-2000". 1886:, as well as wider significance in Te Ao Māori and to the peoples of greater 9386: 9044: 8829: 8689: 8673: 8602: 8566: 8516: 8509: 8434: 8410: 8354: 8298: 8005: 7797: 7745: 7703: 7416: 7374: 7282: 7268: 7254: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7205: 7050: 6878: 5160: 4962: 3955: 3618: 2155: 1987: 1979: 1911: 1899: 1887: 1878:

the leatherback turtle has great spiritual significance to the Koukourārata

1871:, the turtle is the state's main animal and is usually seen in tourism ads. 1812: 1675: 1513: 1408: 1364: 1355:. Scientists tracked a leatherback turtle that swam from Jen Womom beach of 1245: 1225: 1190: 1182: 1083: 1071: 1012: 984: 946: 393: 209: 101: 45: 9140: 6285: 5654: 5599: 5191: 4981: 4636: 4546: 4039: 3673: 3626: 3512: 3457: 3449: 3410: 3352: 3142: 2930: 2447: 2300: 2188:

In Brazil, reproduction of the leatherback turtle is being assisted by the

9062: 6233: 5230: 5199: 3301: 9353: 9241: 8913: 8644: 8573: 8493: 8482: 8378: 8043: 7920: 7812: 7654: 7639: 7601: 7550: 7476: 7381: 7360: 7346: 7332: 7188: 7115: 6984: 6963: 6955: 6737: 6501: 6419: 2160: 1991: 1864: 1713: 1709: 1596: 1517: 1460: 1440: 1424: 1416: 1369: 1209: 1075: 992: 938: 901:, which contains the other six extant sea turtle species. However, their 774: 229: 91: 86: 71: 66: 56: 39: 9023: 6369: 5548:

Mrosovsky, N.; Ryan, Geraldine D.; James, Michael C. (1 February 2009).

5214: 2395: 1683:

is internal, and multiple males usually mate with a single female. This

9399: 9101: 8788: 8537: 8442: 8338: 8282: 7862: 7855: 7737: 7587: 7573: 7430: 7395: 7310: 7212: 6752: 6743: 6431: 6425: 6207: 6058: 5079: 5055: 3983:. U.S Fish & Wildlife Service-North Florida Office. 31 August 2007. 3343: 3333: 3316: 3262: 2177: 2133:, the Irish Sea Leatherback Turtle Project focuses on research such as 2032:), and additionally with the following infraspecific taxa assessments: 1962: 1935: 1918:, and other opportunists dig up the nests of turtles and consume eggs. 1879: 1576: 1527: 1241: 1148: 1063: 950: 850:

put the genus in its own family, Dermochelyidae. In 1884, the American

832: 798: 778: 752: 239: 106: 81: 5582: 5109: 4830: 4537: 4117: 3377:"Leatherback sea turtle shell: A tough and flexible biological design" 3123: 2929:. Caribbean Conservation Corporation. 29 December 2005. Archived from 2505: 2422:"Leatherback Sea Turtle Shell: a Tough and Flexible Biological Design" 1696: 1659:

juveniles spend more of their time in tropical waters than do adults.

1542:

soon followed. After days of decomposition, beetles from the families

9114: 8969: 8523: 8166: 6758: 6731: 6719: 6413: 5322:"Taste for leatherback eggs contributes to Malaysian turtle's demise" 4335:

Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

3872: 3717: 3700: 3547: 1915: 1853: 1795: 1671: 1640: 1604: 1588: 1265: 1213: 1201: 1136: 1132: 966: 744: 249: 219: 8890: 4822: 3254: 805:. The genus, in turn, contains the only extant member of the family 9049: 4249:"Leatherback turtle swims from Indonesia to Oregon in epic journey" 2927:

Caribbean Conservation Corporation & Sea Turtle Survival League

2176:

In mid-2007, the Malaysian Fisheries Department revealed a plan to

1902:, according to New Zealand's state broadcaster, Radio New Zealand. 976:

Esophagus of a leatherback sea turtle showing spines to retain prey

9301: 7730: 6797: 4938:"Polyandry in a marine turtle: Females make the best of a bad job" 2887: 2190:

Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources

1975: 1940: 1919: 1828:

nesting populations. In Malaysia, where the turtle is practically

1719: 1695: 1580: 1464: 1456: 1432: 1334: 1229: 1196:

Off the Atlantic coast of Canada, leatherback turtles feed in the

1047: 1034: 971: 942: 916: 182: 176: 9036: 2075:

Southwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation CR (Critically Endangered)

9254: 7226: 4559: 4470:"Turtle riders: remoras on marine turtles in Southwest Atlantic" 3183:(Testudines: Dermochelyidae): a skeletochronological analysis". 1895: 1891: 1729: 1608: 1448: 1444: 1420: 9373: 8894: 6692: 6373: 2117:

made it illegal to exploit the species in Canadian waters. The

2078:

Southwest Indian Ocean subpopulation CR (Critically Endangered)

1162:

The three major, genetically distinct populations occur in the

1082:

is not significantly different from predicted results based on

1062:

Leatherbacks have been viewed as unique among extant non-avian

909:

that included other species that did not have a hard carapace.

6025:"The Top Ten Burning Issues in Global Sea Turtle Conservation" 5297:. World Wide Fund for Nature. 16 February 2007. Archived from 4420:. World Wide Fund for Nature. 16 February 2007. Archived from 3908:. World Wide Fund for Nature. 16 February 2007. Archived from 3640:

Frair W, Ackman RG, Mrosovsky N (1972). "Body Temperatures of

3375:

Chen, Irene H.; Yang, Wen; Meyers, Marc A. (1 December 2015).

1584: 1058:

Leatherback sea turtle covering her eggs, Turtle Beach, Tobago

6688: 5499:

Voyage of the Turtle: In Pursuit of the Earth's Last Dinosaur

2211:

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

1732:

line with their flippers. One female may lay as many as nine

1508:

Dead leatherbacks that wash ashore are microecosystems while

6488: 5095:

Ninth Annual Workshop on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology

1742: 1619:. Once in the ocean, young leatherbacks face predation from 1399:

turtles subsist almost entirely on jellyfish. Due to their

6180: 4193: 4191: 4058: 3941:"Building our Knowledge of the Leatherback Stock Structure" 3220:

10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0653:neotlt]2.0.co;2

2164: 2081:

West Pacific Ocean subpopulation CR (Critically Endangered)

2072:

Southeast Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: DD (Data Deficient)

1066:

for their ability to maintain high body temperatures using

925:

Leatherback turtles have the most hydrodynamic body of any

4659:

Department of Environmental Protection (24 October 2006).

4225:

Hope remains in conserving Malaysia’s three turtle species

3902:"WWF - Leatherback turtle - Population & Distribution" 3179:

George, R (1996). "Age and growth in leatherback turtles,

5793:

The Northwest Atlantic Leatherback Working Group (2019).

5501:. New York: Henry Holt and Company. pp. 52, 53, 60. 4802:

Caut, S.; Guirlet, E.; Jouquet, P.; Girondot, M. (2006).

3701:"Leatherback Turtles Satellite Tagged in European Waters" 6133: 5111:

Leatherback sea turtles : ancient swimming reptiles

4709: 2866:

Hirayama R. (16 April 1998). "Oldest known sea turtle".

2119:

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

873:. The subspecies were later labeled invalid synonyms of 6087:. The Oceanic Resource Foundation. 2005. Archived from 5030:"Information About Sea Turtles: Leatherback Sea Turtle" 4922:. Washington, D.C., USA: Smithsonian Institution Press. 2843:. Finnish Museum of the Natural History. Archived from 1479:

Several species of sea turtles commonly ingest plastic

4380: 4378: 1351:

Leatherback sea turtles can be found primarily in the

1131:

has the widest distribution, reaching as far north as

945:, it has thick, leathery skin with embedded minuscule 897:

period. The dermochelyids are relatives of the family

4708:

Mayne, B., Berry, O., Davies, C. (12 December 2019).

3100: 3098: 2837:"Dermochelyoidea - leatherback turtles and relatives" 1208:. The most significant Atlantic nesting sites are in 4116:. Parismina Social Club. 13 May 2007. Archived from 4088:

Mayumba National Park: Protecting Gabon's Wild Coast

4061:. Nova Scotia Leatherback Turtle Working Group. 2007 765:. It can easily be differentiated from other modern 27:

Species of marine reptile in the family Chelonioidea

9343: 8903: 8820: 8813: 8806: 8768: 8654: 8627: 8492: 8262: 8240: 8233: 8224: 8157: 8023: 7985: 7910: 7903: 7872: 7720: 7684: 7675: 7475: 7454: 7300: 7187: 7178: 7125: 7105: 7096: 7041: 6973: 6837: 6826: 6817: 6785: 6776: 6767: 6613: 6593: 6573: 6559: 6539: 6519: 6499: 6464: 6256:"Experts meet to help save world's largest turtles" 5097:: 227–229. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-232. 4307:"Australian endangered species: Leatherback Turtle" 4137: 4135: 3092:

Dermochelys coriacea. arXiv preprint q-bio/0611055.

2991:. Enfield, Middlesex : Guinness Superlatives. 2420:Chen, Irene H.; Yang, Wen; Meyers, Marc A. (2015). 2159:which collects donations to fund beach patrols. In 1982:. Chemical pollution also has an adverse effect on 4892:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 4414:"WWF - Leatherback turtle - Ecology & Habitat" 4280:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3781:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3571:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2984: 2758:"The Etymological Riddle of the Ridley Sea Turtle" 6212:Village of Parismina, Costa Rica - Turtle Project 6002:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967817A46967821.en 5956:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967863A46967866.en 5910:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967838A46967842.en 5864:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967848A46967852.en 5818:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T46967827A83327767.en 5772:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967873A46967877.en 5726:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T46967807A46967809.en 5481:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 4305:Hamann, Mark; Riskas, Kimberly (15 August 2013). 4114:Village of Parismina, Costa Rica - Turtle Project 2792:Weekly Times (Melbourne, Vic. : 1869 - 1954) 2167:protect leatherback nesting sites from poachers. 1078:discovered the resting metabolic rate of a large 6208:"History of the Sea Turtle Project in Parismina" 6156:"Earthwatch: Trinidad's Leatherback Sea Turtles" 5977:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5931:Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5885:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5839:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5747:Tiwari, M.; Wallace, B.P.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5701:Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). 5429:"Endangered leatherback turtle returned to hapū" 4710:"A genomic predictor of lifespan in vertebrates" 3596: 3594: 3592: 3016:"Leatherback turtle : Dermochelys coriacea" 2254:Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). 6312:Federal University of Paraná's official website 4942:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4562:, California Integrated Waste Management Board. 3090:Estimating body mass in the leatherback turtle 3043: 3041: 3039: 1700:A leatherback turtle with eggs, photo taken on 6284:(in Portuguese). December 2007. Archived from 5527:West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879 - 1954) 4349: 4347: 4059:"Nova Scotia Leatherback Turtle Working Group" 3931: 3929: 3927: 8867:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on 6704: 6677:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on 6385: 6057:. The Leatherback Trust. 2007. Archived from 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 4747:"Discovering the lifespans of marine turtles" 4408: 4406: 4404: 3772:; Benvenuti, Silvano; Papi, Floriano (2006). 2279:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T6494A43526147.en 1819:in the Caribbean and to Suriname and Guyana. 8: 5550:"Leatherback turtles: The menace of plastic" 4904:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4730:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4468:Sazima, Ivan; Grossman, Alice (March 2006). 2923:"Species Fact Sheet: Leatherback Sea Turtle" 2500: 2498: 2496: 1643:in the American tropics. Nesting females in 1244:. In Costa Rica, the beaches of Gandoca and 1155:oceans, and its range extends well into the 1105:non-avian reptiles. The 1992 edition of the 1015:, temperature-independent swimming muscles, 6029:The State of the World's Sea Turtles Report 5387:. Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. 5260:"Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)" 3948:The State of the World's Sea Turtles Report 3088:Georges, J. Y., & Fossette, S. (2006). 2987:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats 1639:. Nesting females have been preyed upon by 1520:flies after being picked open by a pair of 1220:in South America, Antigua and Barbuda, and 1119:The leatherback turtle is a species with a 842:. The leatherback was then reclassified as 8891: 8817: 8810: 8237: 8230: 7907: 7681: 7184: 7102: 6834: 6823: 6791: 6782: 6773: 6711: 6697: 6689: 6468: 6392: 6378: 6370: 4078: 4076: 2964:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 1435:). They're also believed to feed on small 355: 154: 124: 31: 6000: 5954: 5908: 5891:(Southwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation)" 5862: 5845:(Southeast Atlantic Ocean subpopulation)" 5816: 5799:(Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation)" 5770: 5724: 5581: 4971: 4961: 4661:"DEEP: Leatherback Sea Turtle Fact Sheet" 4536: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4029: 4019: 3726: 3716: 3392: 3342: 3332: 3282:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 3132: 3122: 2437: 2277: 1945:Decaying plastic bag resembling jellyfish 9637:Nature Conservation Act endangered biota 9627:Critically endangered fauna of Australia 4918:Ernst, C., J. Lovich, R. Barbour. 1994. 4387:"ADW: Dermochelys coriacea: INFORMATION" 2323: 2321: 1127:. Of all the extant sea turtle species, 5937:(Southwest Indian Ocean subpopulation)" 5753:(Northeast Indian Ocean subpopulation)" 4920:Turtles of the United States and Canada 4682:Broadstock, Amelia (31 December 2014). 2736:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2707:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2678:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2649:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2624:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2595:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2566:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2477:(WWF). 16 February 2007. Archived from 2241: 2137:and satellite tracking of individuals. 1728:Females excavate a nest above the high- 1319:While little research has been done on 1309:temperature-dependent sex determination 865:, with each given subspecies status as 777:is covered by oily flesh and flexible, 377: 6206:Cruz, Jerry McKinley (December 2006). 6136:. Irish Sea Leatherback Turtle Project 6134:"Irish Sea Leatherback Turtle Project" 6132:Doyle, Tom; Jonathan Houghton (2007). 4897: 4723: 4441: 4439: 4142:Profita, Cassandra (1 November 2006). 3054:, nesting in French Guiana, 1978–1995" 3010: 3008: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2381:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World" 2249: 2247: 2245: 1953:Many human activities indirectly harm 1794:period of movements and infoldings of 1772: 1143:in Africa and the southernmost tip of 6234:"Malaysia mulls cloning rare turtles" 5320:Townsend, Hamish (10 February 2007). 5180:General and Comparative Endocrinology 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 2461: 2459: 2457: 1910:Leatherback turtles have few natural 1874:On the South Island of New Zealand's 921:Size of leatherback compared to human 7: 9229:b334cc88-0ada-4f4e-bcfe-57f3228032ec 9089:618f7f0e-1de7-4f15-91fd-d03bde3fd431 5291:"WWF - Leatherback Turtle - Threats" 1341:Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge 134:Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge 9617:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area 5988:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5983:(West Pacific Ocean subpopulation)" 5942:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5896:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5850:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5804:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5758:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5712:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5707:(East Pacific Ocean subpopulation)" 4144:"Saving the 'dinosaurs of the sea'" 3981:"Leatherback Sea Turtle-Fact Sheet" 3605:) at St Croix, US Virgin Islands". 2349:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010 2265:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2108:on 2 June 1970. The passing of the 2026:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1957:populations. As a pelagic species, 1890:according to the protocols of each 1451:(possibly symbiotes with jellies), 815:named the species first in 1761 as 9612:Fauna of the Western United States 9607:Fauna of the Eastern United States 9517:Reptiles of the Dominican Republic 6338:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 5108:Hirsch, Rebecca E. (August 2015). 4768:Fretey J, Babin R (January 1998). 4205:. WWF - World Wide Fund For Nature 3185:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 3059:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2217:as vulnerable, while Queensland's 2131:European Regional Development Fund 2104:The United States listed it as an 1512:. In 1996, a drowned carcass held 1403:feeding nature, leatherbacks help 1232:in Central Africa. The beaches of 1147:. The leatherback is found in all 643:Mertens, Müller & Rust, 1934 ( 25: 5639:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.206 4362:The University of the West Indies 4274:James, M.C.; Davenport, J. & 2835:Haaramo, Miiko (15 August 2003). 2531:Thomas, Rosamma (13 April 2021). 2379:Uwe, Fritz; Havaš, Peter (2007). 1990:has been measured in their eggs' 9462:IUCN Red List vulnerable species 6282:Projeto Tamar's official website 5466:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00710.x 3644:: Warm Turtle from Cold Water". 2822:North Carolina Wildlife Profiles 1858:traditional ecological knowledge 1773:Problems playing this file? See 1758: 1530:-eating beetles of the families 1487:, the Columbia River mouth, and 632:Dendrochelys (Sphargis) coriacea 196: 9582:Reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago 9572:Reptiles of the Solomon Islands 5574:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.018 4529:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.018 4486:10.1590/S1679-62252006000100014 3815:"Speed of a Turtle or Tortoise" 3607:Journal of Experimental Biology 3426:"Natural Flexible Dermal Armor" 3321:Journal of Experimental Biology 3156:Eckert KL, Luginbuhl C (1988). 2730:Dermochelys coriacea schlegelii 743:, is the largest of all living 684:Dermochelys coriacea schlegelli 676:Dermochelys coriacea schlegelii 6023:Mast RB, Pritchard PC (2006). 2512:. turtles.org. 24 January 2004 2110:Endangered Species Act of 1973 2097:National and local initiatives 1754:The female back-fills the nest 1108:Guinness Book of World Records 1039:Hatchlings crawling to the sea 1017:countercurrent heat exchangers 861:. The two were then united in 640:Dermochelys coriacea schlegeli 1: 9597:Reptiles of Western Australia 9587:Reptiles of the United States 6314:(in Portuguese). January 2010 5523:"TURTLE CAUGHT WITH CRAY POT" 4629:10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00236-3 4090:. Mayumba National Park. 2006 3838:Guinness Book of Records 1992 3294:10.1016/S1095-6433(98)00024-5 3048:Girondot M, Fretey J (1996). 2701:Dermochelys coriacea coriacea 2337:Chelonian Research Monographs 2024:The species is listed in the 1295:South China Sea subpopulation 624:Dermochelys coriacea coriacea 6667:Psephophorus terrypratchetti 5529:. 3 January 1951. p. 10 5385:People of the Desert and Sea 5005:"Life Cycle of Leatherbacks" 4594:10.1016/0025-326X(94)90391-3 4253:International Herald Tribune 4021:10.1371/journal.pone.0001845 3666:10.1126/science.177.4051.791 3497:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.026 3394:10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.023 2672:Sphargis coriacea schlegelii 2439:10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.023 2394:(2): 174–176. Archived from 2219:Nature Conservation Act 1992 2019:Zoological Society of London 1852:, from the Mexican state of 1817:United States Virgin Islands 859:Sphargis coriacea schlegelii 819:after an animal captured at 138:United States Virgin Islands 9657:Vulnerable fauna of Oceania 8880:List of Testudines families 6625:Psephophorus californiensis 6258:. Yahoo! News. 17 July 2007 5219:Canadian Journal of Zoology 5054:Eckert, Karen Lind (1987). 4811:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4292:10.1016/j.jembe.2006.03.013 3793:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.07.006 3705:Endangered Species Research 3583:10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.023 9698: 9682:Habitats Directive species 9652:Vulnerable biota of Europe 9642:Vulnerable biota of Africa 9622:Reptiles described in 1761 5399:"Grupo Tortuguero Comcaåc" 4860:. Seaworld. Archived from 4199:"WWF - Leathetback turtle" 4110:"Sea Turtles of Parismina" 2794:. 3 March 1954. p. 40 2756:Dundee, Harold A. (2001). 2475:World Wide Fund for Nature 2467:"WWF - Leatherback turtle" 1961:is occasionally caught as 1315:Indian Ocean subpopulation 953:in that their scales lack 813:Domenico Agostino Vandelli 559:Duméril & Bibron, 1835 9632:EPBC Act vulnerable biota 8863: 6794: 6726: 6675: 6631:Psephophorus calvertensis 6605:Mesodermochelys undulatus 6486: 6471: 6408: 6081:"The Leatherback Turtle ( 5554:Marine Pollution Bulletin 4609:Marine Pollution Bulletin 4574:Marine Pollution Bulletin 4509:Marine Pollution Bulletin 3836:McFarlan, Donald (1991). 3066:: 204–208. Archived from 2841:Miiko's Phylogeny Archive 2813:Godfrey, Matthew (2018). 2506:"The Leatherback Turtle ( 1526:vultures. Infestation by 1248:provide nesting grounds. 1206:Newfoundland and Labrador 857:described the species as 846:. In 1843, the zoologist 572:Dermochelydis tuberculata 370: 363: 354: 335: 328: 193:Scientific classification 191: 174: 152: 143: 132: 123: 34: 9647:Vulnerable fauna of Asia 9502:Turtles of South America 9492:Turtles of North America 6655:Psephophorus rupeliensis 6236:. NBC News. 12 July 2007 5995:: e.T46967817A46967821. 5949:: e.T46967863A46967866. 5903:: e.T46967838A46967842. 5857:: e.T46967848A46967852. 5811:: e.T46967827A83327767. 5765:: e.T46967873A46967877. 5719:: e.T46967807A46967809. 5383:Felger, Richard (1985). 4845:The plight of the turtle 4777:Marine Turtle Newsletter 4745:CSIRO (20 August 2020). 3162:Marine Turtle Newsletter 2815:"Leatherback Sea Turtle" 2788:"Giant turtle a captive" 2762:Marine Turtle Newsletter 2221:lists it as endangered. 1783:Development of offspring 1331:Ecology and life history 731:), sometimes called the 9592:Reptiles of West Africa 9562:Reptiles of New Zealand 6643:Psephophorus oregonesis 6214:. Parismina Social Club 6055:"The Leatherback Trust" 5161:10.1163/156853885X00218 5114:. Lerner Publications. 4963:10.1073/pnas.0307982101 4894:(356). Elsevier: 43–51. 4847:. Science World, 59: 8. 4474:Neotropical Ichthyology 3954:: 10–11. Archived from 3813:Shweky, Rachel (1999). 3619:10.1242/jeb.205.23.3689 2127:University College Cork 1967:turtle excluder devices 1724:Baby leatherback turtle 1504:Death and decomposition 1002:National Museum Cardiff 592:Dermatochaelis coriacea 564:Dermatochelys atlantica 548:Testudo coriacea marina 9662:ESA endangered species 9507:Reptiles of Bangladesh 6649:Psephophorus polygonus 6567:Leatherback sea turtle 6511:Arabemys crassiscutata 6493: 6187:. Heather Hjorth. 2009 5192:10.1006/gcen.1993.1142 3817:. The Physics Factbook 3450:10.1002/adma.201202713 3050:"Leatherback turtles, 2231:Threats to sea turtles 1946: 1884:te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu 1747: 1725: 1705: 1343: 1339:Leatherback turtle at 1198:Gulf of Saint Lawrence 1177:Atlantic subpopulation 1059: 1040: 977: 957:. The entire turtle's 922: 913:Anatomy and physiology 905:is the extinct family 785:Taxonomy and evolution 723:leatherback sea turtle 608:Dermochelys schlegelii 520:Dermatochelys coriacea 35:Leatherback sea turtle 9677:Symbols of California 9542:Reptiles of Indonesia 9527:Reptiles of Guatemala 9263:Paleobiology Database 6637:Psephophorus eocaenus 6531:Corsochelys halinches 6492: 5346:. NSF. Archived from 5344:"Jellyfish Gone Wild" 5231:10.1139/cjz-2020-0083 4389:. Animaldiversity.org 3840:. New York: Guinness. 3728:10536/DRO/DU:30058338 2983:Wood, Gerald (1983). 2952:Fontanes, F. (2003). 2171:Mayumba National Park 2045:Critically Endangered 1944: 1844:Cultural significance 1746: 1723: 1704:beach (French Guiana) 1699: 1647:are also attacked by 1338: 1252:Pacific subpopulation 1234:Mayumba National Park 1057: 1038: 1023:Mechanical properties 975: 920: 747:and the heaviest non- 696:Dermochelys schlegeli 616:Dermatochelys angusta 556:Dermochelys atlantica 540:Dermatochelys porcata 490:Dermochelis atlantica 9667:Turtles of Australia 9602:Reptiles of Suriname 9577:Reptiles of Thailand 9567:Reptiles of Pakistan 9552:Reptiles of Malaysia 9084:Fauna Europaea (new) 9014:dermochelys-coriacea 8975:dermochelys-coriacea 8962:Dermochelys_coriacea 8935:Dermochelys coriacea 8905:Dermochelys coriacea 6661:Psephophorus scaldii 6091:on 28 September 2007 6083:Dermochelys coriacea 5981:Dermochelys coriacea 5935:Dermochelys coriacea 5889:Dermochelys coriacea 5843:Dermochelys coriacea 5797:Dermochelys coriacea 5751:Dermochelys coriacea 5705:Dermochelys coriacea 5176:Dermochelys coriacea 5145:Dermochelys coriacea 4449:Dermochelys coriacea 4230:25 July 2012 at the 4150:. The Daily Astorian 4120:on 11 September 2007 3642:Dermochelys coriacea 3613:(Pt 23): 3689–3697. 3603:Dermochelys coriacea 3327:(Pt 21): 3440–3447. 3278:Dermochelys coriacea 3204:Dermochelys coriacea 3181:Dermochelys coriacea 3052:Dermochelys coriacea 2962:Animal Diversity Web 2956:Dermochelys coriacea 2933:on 28 September 2007 2560:Dermochelys coriacea 2508:Dermochelys coriacea 2301:"Appendices | CITES" 2272:: e.T6494A43526147. 2258:Dermochelys coriacea 2141:Earthwatch Institute 1823:Importance to humans 1649:saltwater crocodiles 1305:Terengganu, Malaysia 1204:and as far north as 1139:and as far south as 1013:brown adipose tissue 882:Dermochelys coriacea 844:Dermochelys coriacea 795:Dermochelys coriacea 728:Dermochelys coriacea 512:Sphargis tuberculata 466:Sphargis mercurialis 458:Dermochelys coriacea 339:Dermochelys coriacea 18:Dermochelys coriacea 9522:Reptiles of Myanmar 9497:Reptiles of Oceania 6585:Eosphargis breineri 6365:National Geographic 6288:on 21 December 2007 5681:Edgeofexistence.org 5631:2019Chmsp.217...59P 5566:2009MarPB..58..287M 5403:Oceanrevolution.org 5301:on 21 November 2007 5147:(Vandelli, 1761)". 5034:Conserveturtles.org 4954:2004PNAS..101.6530L 4621:2002MarPB..44..211T 4586:1994MarPB..28..154B 4521:2009MarPB..58..287M 4455:Reptiles of Ecuador 4012:2008PLoSO...3.1845C 3865:1957Natur.179..163W 3743:"Leatherbacks home" 3658:1972Sci...177..791F 3540:1990Natur.344..858P 3442:2013AdM....25...31Y 2880:1998Natur.392..705H 2115:Species at Risk Act 2065:subpopulation: EN ( 2054:subpopulation: DD ( 1976:intestinal blockage 1702:Salines de Montjoly 1663:Morocco and Spain. 1603:ranging from small 1222:Trinidad and Tobago 1070:generated heat, or 825:University of Padua 823:and donated to the 704:Dermochelys coricea 668:Sphargis schlegelii 426:Testudo tuberculata 146:Conservation status 9557:Reptiles of Mexico 9532:Reptiles of Guyana 9512:Reptiles of Canada 9219:leatherback-turtle 7988:Nanhsiungchelyidae 7953:Macrocephalochelys 6551:Cosmochelys dolloi 6494: 6278:"Tamar's Bulletin" 6061:on 1 November 2007 5409:on 20 October 2018 3747:Daily News Tribune 3485:Acta Biomaterialia 3430:Advanced Materials 3381:Acta Biomaterialia 3334:10.1242/jeb.034991 3158:"Death of a Giant" 2481:on 12 October 2007 2426:Acta Biomaterialia 2388:Vertebrate Zoology 2163:, patrollers from 2123:Swansea University 2106:endangered species 2002:Global initiatives 1986:. A high level of 1947: 1805:determines the sex 1748: 1726: 1706: 1633:great white sharks 1344: 1101:They are also the 1060: 1041: 978: 923: 831:. In 1816, French 580:Sphargis coriacea 575:Alessandrini, 1838 531:Rafinesque, 1832 ( 388:Testudo coriaceous 9672:Turtles of Brazil 9547:Reptiles of Japan 9537:Reptiles of India 9487:Turtles of Europe 9477:Turtles of Africa 9449: 9448: 8897:Taxon identifiers 8888: 8887: 8859: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8802: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8220: 8219: 8216: 8215: 7899: 7898: 7671: 7670: 7174: 7173: 7092: 7091: 6813: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6686: 6685: 6484: 6483: 6308:"UFPR's bulletin" 5508:978-0-8050-8318-7 5434:Radio New Zealand 5149:Amphibia-Reptilia 5121:978-1-4677-8275-3 4948:(17): 6530–6535. 4936:(27 April 2004). 4843:Chiang, M. 2003. 4560:Calrecycle.ca.gov 4255:. 8 February 2008 4236:The Star Malaysia 3859:(4551): 163–164. 3652:(4051): 791–793. 3534:(6269): 858–860. 3124:10.7717/peerj.715 2998:978-0-85112-235-9 2874:(6677): 705–708. 2091:Leatherback Trust 1763: 1485:San Francisco Bay 1287:Estimates by the 1187:Cape of Good Hope 1055: 848:Leopold Fitzinger 829:Pope Clement XIII 769:by its lack of a 719: 718: 712: 700: 692: 680: 672: 664: 656: 648: 636: 628: 620: 612: 604: 596: 588: 576: 568: 560: 552: 544: 536: 524: 516: 515:Gravenhorst, 1829 508: 504:Sphargis coriacea 500: 486: 478: 470: 462: 454: 446: 442:Chelonia coriacea 438: 430: 422: 414: 406: 398: 384: 310: 186: 169: 16:(Redirected from 9689: 9442: 9441: 9429: 9428: 9416: 9415: 9403: 9402: 9390: 9389: 9377: 9376: 9364: 9363: 9362: 9345:Testudo coriacea 9336: 9335: 9323: 9322: 9310: 9309: 9297: 9296: 9284: 9283: 9271: 9270: 9258: 9257: 9245: 9244: 9232: 9231: 9222: 9221: 9209: 9208: 9196: 9195: 9193:NBNSYS0000188646 9183: 9182: 9170: 9169: 9157: 9156: 9144: 9143: 9131: 9130: 9118: 9117: 9105: 9104: 9092: 9091: 9079: 9078: 9066: 9065: 9053: 9052: 9040: 9039: 9027: 9026: 9017: 9016: 9004: 9003: 8991: 8990: 8978: 8977: 8965: 8964: 8952: 8951: 8939: 8938: 8937: 8924: 8923: 8922: 8892: 8818: 8811: 8323:Chupacabrachelys 8238: 8231: 7908: 7686:Carettochelyidae 7682: 7185: 7103: 6835: 6824: 6792: 6783: 6774: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6690: 6491: 6469: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6371: 6345: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6185:Save the Turtles 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 6004: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5958: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5912: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5866: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5820: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5728: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5585: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5405:. Archived from 5395: 5389: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5370:"Jellyfish Diet" 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5287: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5001: 4995: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4975: 4965: 4929: 4923: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4903: 4895: 4889: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4854: 4848: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4808: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4774: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4656: 4650: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4540: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4424:on 9 August 2007 4410: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4382: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4359: 4351: 4342: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4311:The Conversation 4302: 4296: 4295: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4245: 4239: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4139: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4084:"Marine Turtles" 4080: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4055: 4044: 4043: 4033: 4023: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3960: 3945: 3933: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3912:on 9 August 2007 3898: 3885: 3884: 3873:10.1038/179163a0 3848: 3842: 3841: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3778: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3720: 3718:10.3354/esr00076 3692: 3686: 3685: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3598: 3587: 3586: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3548:10.1038/344858a0 3523: 3517: 3516: 3491:(4): 5876–5889. 3476: 3470: 3469: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3396: 3372: 3357: 3356: 3346: 3336: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3249:(4): 1071–1075. 3238: 3232: 3231: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3136: 3126: 3102: 3093: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3045: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3020: 3012: 3003: 3002: 2990: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2919: 2900: 2899: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2645:"Dermochelyidae" 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2589:Testudo coriacea 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2502: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2463: 2452: 2451: 2441: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2400: 2385: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2368:on 17 July 2011. 2367: 2361:. Archived from 2334: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2281: 2251: 2200:Pontal do Paraná 2129:. Funded by the 2011:CITES Appendix I 1765: 1764: 1745: 1645:Papua New Guinea 1523:Coragyps atratus 1357:Tambrauw Regency 1282:British Columbia 1056: 929:, with a large, 871:D. c. schlegelii 838:coined the term 836:Henri Blainville 817:Testudo coriacea 706: 698: 687:Caldwell, 1962 ( 686: 678: 670: 662: 660:Seytina coriacea 654: 652:Chelyra coriacea 642: 635:Pierantoni, 1934 634: 626: 618: 610: 602: 600:Sphargis angusta 594: 586: 574: 566: 558: 550: 542: 530: 528:Chelyra coriacca 522: 514: 506: 492: 484: 482:Scytina coriacea 476: 474:Coriudo coriacea 468: 461:Blainville, 1816 460: 453:Rafinesque, 1814 452: 444: 437:Brongniart, 1805 436: 434:Chelone coriacea 428: 420: 412: 404: 390: 383:Vandellius, 1761 382: 380:Testudo coriacea 374:List of synonyms 359: 341: 321:D. coriacea 305: 201: 200: 180: 163: 158: 157: 128: 118: 48: 38:Temporal range: 32: 21: 9697: 9696: 9692: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9687: 9686: 9482:Turtles of Asia 9452: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9437: 9432: 9424: 9419: 9411: 9406: 9398: 9393: 9385: 9380: 9372: 9367: 9358: 9357: 9352: 9339: 9331: 9326: 9318: 9313: 9305: 9300: 9292: 9287: 9279: 9274: 9266: 9261: 9253: 9248: 9240: 9237:Observation.org 9235: 9227: 9225: 9217: 9212: 9204: 9199: 9191: 9186: 9178: 9173: 9165: 9160: 9152: 9147: 9139: 9134: 9126: 9121: 9113: 9108: 9100: 9095: 9087: 9082: 9074: 9069: 9061: 9056: 9048: 9043: 9035: 9030: 9022: 9020: 9012: 9007: 8999: 8994: 8986: 8981: 8973: 8968: 8960: 8955: 8947: 8942: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8918: 8917: 8912: 8899: 8889: 8884: 8851: 8794: 8771:Sahonachelyidae 8764: 8650: 8623: 8488: 8419:Phosphatochelys 8258: 8212: 8153: 8148:Terlinguachelys 8116:Pneumatoarthrus 8019: 7981: 7895: 7868: 7716: 7667: 7471: 7450: 7438:Siebenrockiella 7296: 7170: 7121: 7088: 7037: 7024:Mesodermochelys 6969: 6830: 6801: 6763: 6722: 6717: 6687: 6682: 6671: 6609: 6596:Mesodermochelys 6589: 6569: 6555: 6535: 6515: 6495: 6489: 6480: 6473:Species of the 6460: 6404: 6398: 6361: 6335: 6332: 6330:Further reading 6327: 6317: 6315: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6276: 6275: 6271: 6261: 6259: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6181:"Parismina.com" 6179: 6178: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6064: 6062: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6038: 6036: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5961: 5959: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5915: 5913: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5731: 5729: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5675: 5674: 5670: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5521: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5454:Ecology Letters 5447: 5446: 5442: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5350:on 12 July 2010 5342: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5289: 5288: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5122: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5009:Leatherback.org 5003: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4917: 4913: 4896: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4842: 4838: 4823:10.1139/z06-063 4806: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4722: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4648: 4644: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4445: 4444: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4412: 4411: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4345: 4339:Greenwood Press 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4232:Wayback Machine 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4189: 4179: 4177: 4176:. 30 March 2022 4168: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4141: 4140: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4057: 4056: 4047: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3943: 3935: 3934: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3900: 3899: 3888: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3776: 3770:Hays, Graeme C. 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3600: 3599: 3590: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3374: 3373: 3360: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3255:10.2307/1445737 3240: 3239: 3235: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3087: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3070:on 21 July 2011 3047: 3046: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3006: 2999: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2921: 2920: 2903: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2847:on 25 June 2007 2834: 2833: 2829: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2504: 2503: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2465: 2464: 2455: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2359: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2253: 2252: 2243: 2239: 2227: 2099: 2004: 1908: 1876:Banks Peninsula 1846: 1830:locally extinct 1825: 1785: 1780: 1779: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1759: 1756: 1749: 1743: 1694: 1669: 1573:monitor lizards 1565: 1560: 1506: 1497: 1393: 1349: 1333: 1325:Nicobar Islands 1317: 1297: 1254: 1179: 1117: 1048: 1046: 1025: 931:teardrop-shaped 915: 891: 792: 787: 773:; instead, its 737:leathery turtle 715: 611:Stejneger, 1907 567:Fitzinger, 1835 493:LeSueur, 1829 ( 450:Testudo lutaria 402:Testudo arcuata 391:Pennant, 1769 ( 376: 375: 350: 343: 337: 324: 304: 195: 187: 170: 159: 155: 148: 119: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 43: 42: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9695: 9693: 9685: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9467:Dermochelyidae 9464: 9454: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9430: 9417: 9404: 9391: 9378: 9365: 9349: 9347: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9337: 9324: 9311: 9298: 9285: 9272: 9259: 9246: 9233: 9223: 9210: 9197: 9184: 9171: 9158: 9145: 9132: 9119: 9106: 9093: 9080: 9071:Fauna Europaea 9067: 9054: 9041: 9028: 9018: 9005: 8992: 8979: 8966: 8953: 8940: 8925: 8909: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8895: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8882: 8875: 8874: 8873:. † = extinct. 8864: 8861: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8841: 8833: 8824: 8822: 8815: 8808: 8804: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8784: 8775: 8773: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8762: 8754: 8747: 8740: 8732: 8724: 8717: 8709: 8701: 8693: 8685: 8677: 8669: 8666:Albertwoodemys 8660: 8658: 8656:Podocnemididae 8652: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8641: 8633: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8613: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8584: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8556: 8553:Lomalatachelys 8548: 8541: 8534: 8527: 8520: 8513: 8506: 8498: 8496: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8478: 8470: 8462: 8454: 8446: 8438: 8430: 8422: 8414: 8406: 8403:Labrostochelys 8398: 8390: 8382: 8374: 8366: 8358: 8350: 8342: 8334: 8326: 8318: 8310: 8302: 8294: 8286: 8278: 8269: 8267: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8247: 8245: 8243:Araripemydidae 8235: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8202: 8194: 8186: 8178: 8170: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8143: 8135: 8127: 8119: 8111: 8103: 8095: 8087: 8079: 8071: 8063: 8055: 8047: 8039: 8030: 8028: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8017: 8009: 8001: 7992: 7990: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7971: 7963: 7956: 7948: 7945:Emarginachelys 7940: 7932: 7924: 7916: 7914: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7893: 7890:Sinaspideretes 7885: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7859: 7852: 7845: 7838: 7830: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7801: 7793: 7785: 7778: 7770: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7741: 7734: 7726: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7714: 7707: 7699: 7690: 7688: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7658: 7650: 7643: 7635: 7628: 7621: 7613: 7605: 7598: 7591: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7567:Hesperotestudo 7562: 7554: 7547: 7540: 7532: 7524: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7496: 7489: 7481: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7461: 7459: 7457:Platysternidae 7452: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7427: 7420: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7385: 7378: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7350: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7314: 7306: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7244: 7237: 7230: 7223: 7216: 7209: 7202: 7193: 7191: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7147: 7139: 7131: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7111: 7109: 7107:Dermatemydidae 7100: 7098:Kinosternoidea 7094: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7078: 7070: 7067:Procolpochelys 7062: 7054: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7027: 7019: 7011: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6979: 6977: 6975:Dermochelyidae 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6959: 6951: 6943: 6936: 6928: 6920: 6913: 6905: 6897: 6889: 6882: 6874: 6867: 6864:Carolinochelys 6859: 6852: 6843: 6841: 6832: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6795: 6789: 6780: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6755: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6663: 6657: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6627: 6620: 6618: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6600: 6598: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6580: 6578: 6571: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6546: 6544: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6526: 6524: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6513: 6506: 6504: 6497: 6496: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6476:Dermochelyidae 6472: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6456:Dermochelyidae 6452: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6401:Dermochelyidae 6399: 6397: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6360: 6359:External links 6357: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6299: 6269: 6247: 6225: 6198: 6172: 6160:Earthwatch.org 6147: 6124: 6102: 6072: 6046: 6015: 5969: 5923: 5877: 5831: 5785: 5739: 5693: 5668: 5605: 5560:(2): 287–289. 5540: 5514: 5507: 5486: 5471: 5460:(2): 195–201. 5440: 5420: 5390: 5375: 5361: 5335: 5312: 5295:Marine Turtles 5273: 5251: 5225:(5): 369–379. 5205: 5166: 5135: 5120: 5100: 5085: 5066:(3): 315–323. 5046: 5021: 4996: 4987: 4924: 4911: 4875: 4864:on 29 May 2013 4849: 4836: 4817:(6): 908–916. 4794: 4760: 4737: 4700: 4688:The Advertiser 4674: 4651: 4642: 4615:(3): 211–216. 4599: 4580:(3): 154–158. 4564: 4552: 4515:(2): 287–289. 4499: 4480:(1): 123–126. 4460: 4447:"Leatherback ( 4435: 4418:Marine Turtles 4400: 4385:Farmer, Adam. 4374: 4343: 4323: 4297: 4286:(2): 221–226. 4266: 4240: 4223:Heng, Natalie 4216: 4187: 4161: 4131: 4101: 4072: 4045: 3986: 3972: 3961:on 13 May 2011 3923: 3906:Marine Turtles 3886: 3843: 3828: 3805: 3787:(2): 197–210. 3760: 3749:. 31 July 2008 3734: 3687: 3632: 3588: 3561: 3518: 3471: 3416: 3358: 3307: 3288:(3): 399–403. 3268: 3233: 3214:(3): 653–664. 3194: 3171: 3148: 3094: 3081: 3035: 3004: 2997: 2975: 2958:: Information" 2944: 2901: 2858: 2827: 2805: 2779: 2748: 2719: 2690: 2661: 2636: 2607: 2578: 2549: 2523: 2492: 2471:Marine Turtles 2453: 2412: 2371: 2358:978-0965354097 2357: 2317: 2292: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2226: 2223: 2204:Espírito Santo 2145:Nature Seekers 2098: 2095: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2063:Atlantic Ocean 2059: 2056:Data Deficient 2048: 2003: 2000: 1907: 1904: 1845: 1842: 1824: 1821: 1784: 1781: 1770: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1693: 1690: 1668: 1665: 1625:requiem sharks 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1392: 1389: 1348: 1345: 1332: 1329: 1316: 1313: 1296: 1293: 1278:Columbia River 1253: 1250: 1238:Mayumba, Gabon 1178: 1175: 1116: 1113: 1103:fastest-moving 1045: 1042: 1024: 1021: 963:countershading 914: 911: 890: 887: 867:D. c. coriacea 807:Dermochelyidae 791: 788: 786: 783: 763:Dermochelyidae 739:or simply the 717: 716: 714: 713: 701: 693: 681: 673: 665: 657: 649: 637: 629: 621: 613: 605: 603:Philippi, 1899 597: 595:Oliveira, 1896 589: 577: 569: 561: 553: 545: 537: 525: 517: 509: 501: 487: 479: 471: 463: 455: 447: 439: 431: 423: 418:Testudo marina 415: 413:Lacépède, 1788 407: 399: 385: 373: 372: 371: 368: 367: 361: 360: 352: 351: 344: 333: 332: 326: 325: 318: 316: 312: 311: 297: 293: 292: 290:Dermochelyinae 287: 283: 282: 280:Dermochelyidae 277: 273: 272: 267: 263: 262: 257: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 227: 223: 222: 217: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 189: 188: 175: 172: 171: 153: 150: 149: 144: 141: 140: 130: 129: 121: 120: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 49: 37: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9694: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9440: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9370: 9366: 9361: 9355: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9334: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9224: 9220: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9019: 9015: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8945: 8941: 8936: 8930: 8926: 8921: 8915: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8893: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8872: 8871: 8866: 8865: 8862: 8848: 8847: 8846:Tacuarembemys 8842: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8832: 8831: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8805: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8781:Sahonachelys 8777: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8748: 8746: 8745: 8744:Peltocephalus 8741: 8739: 8738: 8733: 8731: 8730: 8729:Lapparentemys 8725: 8723: 8722: 8718: 8716: 8715: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8684: 8683: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8629:Pelomedusidae 8626: 8620: 8619: 8618:Yaminuechelys 8614: 8612: 8611: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8600: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8591: 8590: 8589:Prochelidella 8585: 8583: 8582: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8562: 8561: 8557: 8555: 8554: 8549: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8533: 8532: 8528: 8526: 8525: 8521: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8512: 8511: 8507: 8505: 8504: 8503:Acanthochelys 8500: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8477: 8476: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8463: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8437: 8436: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8387:Kinkonychelys 8383: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8373: 8372: 8371:Itapecuruemys 8367: 8365: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8356: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8341: 8340: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8331:Eotaphrosphys 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8317: 8316: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8265:Bothremydidae 8261: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8239: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8223: 8209: 8208: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8187: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8175:Argillochelys 8171: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8140:Santanachelys 8136: 8134: 8133: 8128: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8102: 8101: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8084:Desmatochelys 8080: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8068:Calcarichelys 8064: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8054: 8053: 8052:Atlantochelys 8048: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8026:Protostegidae 8022: 8016: 8015: 8014:Jiangxichelys 8010: 8008: 8007: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7998:Anomalochelys 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7976:Protochelydra 7972: 7970: 7969: 7968:Planiplastron 7964: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7892: 7891: 7886: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7853: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7839: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7810: 7808: 7807: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7794: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7775:Drazinderetes 7771: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7762: 7761: 7757: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7711:Carettochelys 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7698: 7697: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7664: 7663: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7651: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7612: 7611: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7595:Malacochersus 7592: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7583: 7582: 7578: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7561: 7560: 7555: 7553: 7552: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7504: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7486:Aldabrachelys 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7453: 7447: 7446: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7368:Leucocephalon 7365: 7363: 7362: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7342: 7341: 7337: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7319:Banhxeochelys 7315: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7180:Testudinoidea 7177: 7167: 7166: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7127:Kinosternidae 7124: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7095: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7075:Protosphargis 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7053: 7052: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7026: 7025: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7003: 7002: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6833: 6831:(Sea turtles) 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6800: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6725: 6721: 6714: 6709: 6707: 6702: 6700: 6695: 6694: 6691: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6638: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6612: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6592: 6586: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6538: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6518: 6512: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6498: 6478: 6477: 6470: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6453: 6451: 6448:Superfamily: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6402: 6395: 6390: 6388: 6383: 6381: 6376: 6375: 6372: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6313: 6309: 6303: 6300: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6257: 6251: 6248: 6235: 6229: 6226: 6213: 6209: 6202: 6199: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6148: 6135: 6128: 6125: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6090: 6086: 6084: 6076: 6073: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6019: 6016: 6003: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5982: 5973: 5970: 5957: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5936: 5927: 5924: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5881: 5878: 5865: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5835: 5832: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5798: 5789: 5786: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5752: 5743: 5740: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5706: 5697: 5694: 5682: 5678: 5677:"Leatherback" 5672: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5606: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5541: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5515: 5510: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5482: 5475: 5472: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5441: 5437:. 8 May 2021. 5436: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5394: 5391: 5386: 5379: 5376: 5371: 5365: 5362: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5336: 5323: 5316: 5313: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5206: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5167: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5060:Herpetologica 5057: 5050: 5047: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4983: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4876: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4795: 4782: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4761: 4748: 4741: 4738: 4733: 4727: 4711: 4704: 4701: 4689: 4685: 4678: 4675: 4662: 4655: 4652: 4646: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4603: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4388: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4363: 4356: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4324: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4267: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4162: 4149: 4148:Headline News 4145: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3990: 3987: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3847: 3844: 3839: 3832: 3829: 3816: 3809: 3806: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3761: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3577:(1–2): 8–24. 3576: 3572: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3195: 3191:(2): 244–249. 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2994: 2989: 2988: 2979: 2976: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2948: 2945: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888:10.1038/33669 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2828: 2823: 2816: 2809: 2806: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2749: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2723: 2720: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2694: 2691: 2679: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2662: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2625: 2621: 2619: 2611: 2608: 2596: 2592: 2590: 2582: 2579: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2553: 2550: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2524: 2511: 2509: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2416: 2413: 2401:on 1 May 2011 2397: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2375: 2372: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2331: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2259: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2195:projeto TAMAR 2191: 2186: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041:subpopulation 2039: 2038:Pacific Ocean 2035: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2009:is listed on 2008: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1972:malabsorption 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1801:organogenesis 1797: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1755: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1698: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1681:Fertilization 1677: 1673: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1629:killer whales 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1548:Staphylinidae 1545: 1541: 1540:Tenebrionidae 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1503: 1501: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481:marine debris 1477: 1475: 1474: 1473:Remora remora 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413:siphonophores 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1374:beaked whales 1371: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218:French Guiana 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1157:Arctic Circle 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1068:metabolically 1065: 1043: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 989:French Guiana 986: 982: 974: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 941:. Instead of 940: 935: 932: 928: 919: 912: 910: 908: 907:Protostegidae 904: 900: 896: 888: 886: 883: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 855:Samuel Garman 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 789: 784: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 759: 755:in the genus 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 729: 724: 710: 705: 702: 697: 694: 690: 685: 682: 677: 674: 671:Bourret, 1941 669: 666: 663:Bourret, 1941 661: 658: 655:Bourret, 1941 653: 650: 646: 641: 638: 633: 630: 625: 622: 619:Quijada, 1916 617: 614: 609: 606: 601: 598: 593: 590: 585: 581: 578: 573: 570: 565: 562: 557: 554: 551:Ranzano, 1834 549: 546: 541: 538: 534: 529: 526: 521: 518: 513: 510: 505: 502: 498: 497: 491: 488: 483: 480: 477:Fleming, 1822 475: 472: 467: 464: 459: 456: 451: 448: 443: 440: 435: 432: 429:Pennant, 1801 427: 424: 421:Wilhelm, 1794 419: 416: 411: 408: 405:Catesby, 1771 403: 400: 396: 395: 389: 386: 381: 378: 369: 366: 362: 358: 353: 348: 342: 340: 334: 331: 330:Binomial name 327: 323: 322: 317: 314: 313: 308: 303: 302: 298: 295: 294: 291: 288: 285: 284: 281: 278: 275: 274: 271: 268: 266:Superfamily: 265: 264: 261: 258: 255: 254: 251: 248: 245: 244: 241: 238: 235: 234: 231: 228: 225: 224: 221: 218: 215: 214: 211: 208: 205: 204: 199: 194: 190: 184: 178: 173: 167: 162: 151: 147: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 47: 44:0.012–0 41: 33: 30: 19: 9344: 8904: 8869: 8844: 8836: 8828: 8787: 8779: 8757: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8727: 8721:Erymnochelys 8719: 8712: 8706:Cerrejonemys 8704: 8696: 8688: 8682:Brontochelys 8680: 8672: 8664: 8643: 8636: 8616: 8608: 8601: 8596:Pseudemydura 8594: 8587: 8579: 8572: 8565: 8558: 8551: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8481: 8473: 8465: 8457: 8449: 8441: 8433: 8425: 8417: 8409: 8401: 8393: 8385: 8377: 8369: 8361: 8353: 8345: 8337: 8329: 8321: 8313: 8305: 8297: 8289: 8281: 8273: 8251: 8205: 8199:Prionochelys 8197: 8189: 8181: 8173: 8165: 8146: 8138: 8130: 8122: 8114: 8106: 8098: 8090: 8082: 8076:Cratochelone 8074: 8066: 8060:Bouliachelys 8058: 8050: 8042: 8036:Alienochelys 8034: 8012: 8004: 7996: 7974: 7966: 7958: 7951: 7943: 7937:Chelydropsis 7935: 7927: 7919: 7888: 7882:Basilochelys 7880: 7861: 7854: 7847: 7840: 7833: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7806:Khunnuchelys 7804: 7796: 7788: 7780: 7773: 7765: 7758: 7751: 7744: 7736: 7729: 7722:Trionychidae 7709: 7702: 7696:Allaeochelys 7694: 7660: 7653: 7647:Stigmochelys 7645: 7638: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7610:Megalochelys 7608: 7600: 7593: 7586: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7557: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7527: 7521:Cylindraspis 7519: 7512: 7505: 7500:Centrochelys 7498: 7491: 7484: 7477:Testudinidae 7466:Platysternon 7464: 7445:Vijayachelys 7443: 7436: 7429: 7424:Rhinoclemmys 7422: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7389:Melanochelys 7387: 7380: 7373: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7317: 7309: 7289: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7260: 7253: 7246: 7239: 7232: 7225: 7218: 7211: 7204: 7199:Acherontemys 7197: 7165:Sternotherus 7163: 7156: 7149: 7142: 7134: 7114: 7081: 7073: 7065: 7057: 7049: 7032:Psephophorus 7030: 7022: 7014: 7007: 7006: 6999: 6991: 6983: 6962: 6954: 6948:Pacifichelys 6946: 6938: 6931: 6923: 6917:Lepidochelys 6915: 6908: 6900: 6894:Gigantatypus 6892: 6886:Eretmochelys 6884: 6877: 6869: 6862: 6854: 6847: 6828:Chelonioidea 6796: 6748: 6681:. †=Extinct. 6616:Psephophorus 6566: 6474: 6450:Chelonioidea 6341: 6337: 6316:. 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