510:
480:
46:
33:
1277:
506:: Penis is often reduced, elongated if present, without proper penial gland but with two or more tiny glandular papillae and its end. Retractor is unforked and attached at half penis length, stimulator small, cone-shaped but looks more like a papilla. Tubular oviductus and atrium are unusually long. There is no rectal caecum.
595:
The life cycle is extremely short, and can take place within less than a month. This species can have up to 5 generations in a year, with several generations alive at the same time. Frequently there are forms with a reduced penis, which reproduce by
540:, but needs permanently wet habitats. It is usually found in lowlands and very humid habitats, swamps, riversides, wetlands, especially alder and oak woods, marshlands and degraded areas, also greenhouses, often near water under wood or
443:
544:. It tolerates subpolar and tropical temperatures. Newly created habitats are often colonized after a few years. In Switzerland in up to 1800 m altitude, but usually below 1000 m, in Bulgaria in up to 2500 m.
469:
The slug is from brown to dark brown, usually with dark and characteristic but not well visible spots arranged in groups. The shape is almost cylindrical, posterior end is abruptly widened. The
1247:
573:
It is the only land gastropod that goes deliberately into the water and can survive for days submerged. Because of this unusual behavior, the species can be dispersed by flowing water.
1265:
pp 196–219 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New
Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch
366:
1675:
1526:
372:
1578:
356:
344:, from the subpolar zones to the southern margins. Today this slug species has been introduced worldwide except Antarctica, also on tropical islands such as
748:
Horsák M., JuĹ™iÄŤková L., Beran L., ÄŚejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "KomentovanĂ˝ seznam mÄ›kkýšů zjištÄ›nĂ˝ch ve volnĂ© pĹ™ĂrodÄ› ÄŚeskĂ© a
Slovenské republiky. ".
1329:
1123:"Lista de especies de moluscos terrestres (Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Archaeopulmonata, Stylommatophora, Soleolifera) informadas para Costa Rica"
397:
1487:
641:
Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum
1552:
454:
448:
411:
382:
987:"Deroceras laeve as a potential agricultural pest in Darjeeling Himalayas, India: Palatability and preference of economically important plants"
473:
covers 50% of body length (unusually large). There are wrinkles on skin present (may disappear in preserved slugs). Mucus is thin, colourless.
387:
360:
1670:
1094:
421:
392:
377:
416:
652:
1448:
503:
1627:
1500:
785:
1186:
1557:
1084:
1680:
1665:
1660:
1287:
723:
592:
The eggs of this species can also survive when submerged; juveniles can hatch underwater and then climb to the surface.
1539:
1396:
1373:
1466:
584:
is omnivorous and capable of eating eggs and small insects, but tends to prefer plant matter, either alive or dead.
1583:
1281:
617:
45:
1221:
Fox, Lee; Landis, B. J. (1 April 1973). "Notes on the
Predaceous Habits of the Gray Field Slug, Deroceras laeve".
1479:
1191:
893:
157:
1251:
1655:
1319:
509:
1341:
803:
Balashov, I.; Gural-Sverlova, N. (2012). "An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of
Ukraine".
537:
495:
1401:
1325:
479:
140:
1034:(O. F. MĂĽller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) recently introduced to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"
924:
766:
Juřičková L, Horsák M, Beran L (2001). "Check-list of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech
Republic".
1632:
1593:
1422:
1305:
940:
316:
1122:
559:
1570:
1010:
964:
597:
166:
40:
1531:
1187:"The land Mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species"
1614:
1409:
1167:
1090:
1065:
1002:
956:
567:
1619:
1230:
1157:
1055:
1045:
994:
948:
872:
839:
470:
1601:
551:
97:
986:
944:
1474:
1461:
1378:
1310:
1060:
1029:
107:
1649:
1014:
968:
1200:
1505:
1414:
923:
Gupta, Neha Kumari; Paul, Pranesh; Barman, Himangshu; Aditya, Gautam (2023-06-01).
952:
1565:
1513:
1100:
929:
in
Darjeeling Himalayas, India: First record and modelling of suitable habitats"
555:
1293:
1162:
1145:
753:
730:
660:
513:
345:
341:
87:
32:
1453:
1364:
1006:
960:
1435:
877:
860:
844:
823:
322:
319:
117:
57:
1544:
1171:
1069:
828:(O. F. MĂĽller, 1774) from Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Agriolimacidae)"
363:. The species has shown little evidence for significant decline in Britain.
1296:
taxonomy,short description, distribution, biology,status (threats), images
1276:
1606:
1358:
1234:
1050:
563:
541:
77:
1388:
1028:
Dedov, I.K.; Schneppat, U.E; Reise, H.; Quang Vu, M. (3 December 2020).
1492:
1185:
Robinson, D.G.; Hovestadt, A.; Fields, A.; Breure, A.S.H. (July 2009).
325:
308:
1518:
998:
861:"Stylommatophoran slugs of China (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) – prodromus"
67:
1335:
1299:
643:. pp. I-XXXVI , 1-214, . Havniæ & Lipsiæ. (Heineck & Faber).
1440:
508:
478:
1083:
Rory J. Mc Donnel; Timothy D. Paine; Michael J. Gormally (2009).
629:
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference
985:
Gupta, Neha Kumari; Paul, Pranesh; Aditya, Gautam (2023-09-30).
312:
1427:
1339:
1086:
Slugs: A Guide to the
Invasive and Native Fauna of California
558:. On the other hand, the species is threatened by continuous
1030:"First record of an agriolimacid slug in Southeast Asia –
1261:
Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009).
1313:
1248:
Michigan
Department of Natural Resources and Environment
600:. The maximum age of this slug is not more than 1 year.
904:. Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
786:"Anemoon > Flora en Fauna > Soorteninformatie"
1348:
476:This slug is 15–25 mm long when preserved.
1146:"Introduced land snails and slugs in Colombia"
741:
739:
8:
444:El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela
1336:
31:
20:
1263:Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca.
1161:
1059:
1049:
876:
843:
980:
978:
859:Wiktor, A.; De-niu, C.; Wu, M. (2000).
632:
483:Drawing of the reproductive system of
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
7:
1594:39f7a22c-9b82-4af3-a817-8dadc94b5029
1480:851f7b89-264f-499a-ab19-2c439ade567a
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
1676:Taxa named by Otto Friedrich MĂĽller
14:
1275:
44:
400:- lower concern in Switzerland
328:in the family Agriolimacidae.
1:
1671:Gastropods described in 1774
1254:. accessed 14 December 2010.
1150:Journal of Molluscan Studies
1127:Revista de BiologĂa Tropical
1121:Barrientos, Zaidett (2003).
953:10.1016/j.chnaes.2022.07.003
566:, construction projects and
311:of small air-breathing land
1332:Featured Creatures Web site
902:Catalogue of life in Taiwan
560:elimination of wet habitats
1697:
750:Malacologica Bohemoslovaca
733:, accessed 4 January 2011.
663:, accessed 4 January 2011.
618:Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
1144:Hausdorf, B. (May 2002).
1038:Biodiversity Data Journal
991:Annals of Applied Biology
172:
165:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1223:Environmental Entomology
1192:Zoologische Mededelingen
496:musculus retractor penis
348:and on Pacific islands.
1163:10.1093/mollus/68.2.127
878:10.12657/folmal.008.002
845:10.12657/folmal.012.016
278:Agriolimax pseudodiocus
822:Hlaváč, J. Č. (2004).
520:
500:
499:bc - bursa copulatrix.
457:(first report in 2009)
933:Acta Ecologica Sinica
805:Journal of Conchology
768:Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem
639:MĂĽller O. F. (1774).
512:
482:
256:Krynickillus montanus
1681:Molluscs of Pakistan
1666:Gastropods of Europe
1475:Fauna Europaea (new)
1306:Encyclopedia of Life
1284:at Wikimedia Commons
1051:10.3897/BDJ.8.e59644
724:Species summary for
538:ecological tolerance
460:introduced to Brazil
369:- least concern (LC)
336:The distribution of
16:Species of gastropod
1661:Palearctic molluscs
945:2023AcEcS..43..432G
504:Reproductive system
280:Velichkovskiy, 1910
226:Agriolimax bovenoti
1235:10.1093/ee/2.2.306
892:K. T. Shao (ed.).
865:Folia Malacologica
832:Folia Malacologica
752:, Suppl. 1: 1-37.
598:self-fertilisation
521:
501:
1643:
1642:
1615:Open Tree of Life
1342:Taxon identifiers
1280:Media related to
1096:978-1-60107-564-2
999:10.1111/aab.12869
925:"The marsh slug,
824:"A new record of
568:road construction
550:can be a serious
296:
295:
250:Limax hyperboreus
1688:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1622:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1574:
1573:
1561:
1560:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1495:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1417:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1337:
1279:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1199:. Archived from
1182:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1099:. Archived from
1080:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1025:
1019:
1018:
982:
973:
972:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
889:
883:
882:
880:
856:
850:
849:
847:
819:
813:
812:
800:
794:
793:
782:
776:
775:
763:
757:
747:
743:
734:
721:
664:
650:
644:
637:
252:Westerlund, 1876
238:Limax ingersolli
202:Limax campestris
198:Rafinesque, 1820
184:Draparnaud, 1801
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1602:Observation.org
1600:
1592:
1590:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1385:
1379:Deroceras_laeve
1377:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1350:Deroceras laeve
1344:
1321:Deroceras laeve
1301:Deroceras laeve
1289:Deroceras laeve
1282:Deroceras laeve
1272:
1258:
1246:
1242:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1032:Deroceras laeve
1027:
1026:
1022:
984:
983:
976:
927:Deroceras laeve
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
898:(MĂĽller, 1774)"
896:Deroceras laeve
891:
890:
886:
858:
857:
853:
826:Deroceras laeve
821:
820:
816:
802:
801:
797:
790:www.anemoon.org
784:
783:
779:
765:
764:
760:
745:
744:
737:
726:Deroceras laeve
722:
667:
651:
647:
638:
634:
627:
610:Deroceras laeve
606:
590:
582:Deroceras laeve
579:
548:Deroceras laeve
534:Deroceras laeve
531:
526:
518:Deroceras laeve
498:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:Deroceras laeve
467:
355:British Isles:
340:was originally
338:Deroceras laeve
334:
300:Deroceras laeve
274:Cockerell, 1897
262:Limax hemphilli
246:Ingersoll, 1875
234:Ingersoll, 1875
232:Limax castaneus
216:Heynemann, 1862
214:Limax Weinlandi
161:
154:
150:Deroceras laeve
148:
135:
98:Stylommatophora
43:
25:Deroceras laeve
17:
12:
11:
5:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:Agriolimacidae
1648:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1624:
1611:
1598:
1588:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1462:Fauna Europaea
1458:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1383:
1370:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1317:
1311:Fauna Europaea
1308:
1297:
1285:
1271:
1270:External links
1268:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1240:
1229:(2): 306–307.
1213:
1177:
1156:(2): 127–131.
1136:
1113:
1095:
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974:
939:(3): 432–438.
915:
884:
851:
838:(4): 181–182.
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577:Feeding habits
575:
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463:
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461:
458:
453:introduced to
451:
446:
441:
438:
433:The Americas:
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385:
380:
375:
370:
367:Czech Republic
364:
333:
330:
294:
293:
292:
291:
281:
275:
268:Limax berendti
265:
259:
253:
247:
244:Limax montanus
241:
235:
229:
228:Collinge, 1870
223:
217:
211:
208:Limax parvulus
205:
199:
185:
182:Limax brunneus
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155:
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108:Agriolimacidae
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1241:
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1224:
1217:
1214:
1203:on 2011-10-07
1202:
1198:
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1159:
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1103:on 2011-07-04
1102:
1098:
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1057:
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1047:
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1039:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
979:
975:
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966:
962:
958:
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950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
928:
919:
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662:
658:
656:
653:"Synonyms of
649:
646:
642:
636:
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630:
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619:
615:
614:
613:
611:
608:Parasites of
603:
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587:
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583:
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571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
543:
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535:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
505:
497:
486:
481:
477:
474:
472:
464:
459:
456:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
439:
436:
435:
434:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
402:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
358:
357:Great Britain
354:
353:
352:
349:
347:
343:
339:
331:
329:
327:
324:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:
289:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:Limax araneus
218:
215:
212:
210:Normand, 1852
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
193:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
171:
168:
164:
159:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
132:D. laeve
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1349:
1320:
1316:Distribution
1300:
1288:
1262:
1243:
1226:
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1201:the original
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906:. Retrieved
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811:(1): 91–109.
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655:Limax laevis
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332:Distribution
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290:Wagner, 1934
287:
284:Agriolimax (
283:
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264:Binney, 1890
261:
258:Nevill, 1880
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240:Binney, 1875
237:
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222:Gessis, 1867
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204:Binney, 1842
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178:MĂĽller, 1774
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158:O. F. MĂĽller
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130:
118:
24:
18:
1566:NatureServe
1514:iNaturalist
1252:"Brainworm"
908:27 December
871:(1): 3–35.
556:greenhouses
465:Description
440:Costa Rica
398:Switzerland
373:Netherlands
317:terrestrial
176:Limax lævis
1650:Categories
1304:images at
1294:Animalbase
1207:2010-04-03
1133:: 293–304.
1107:2009-01-17
1044:: e59644.
746:(in Czech)
731:AnimalBase
661:AnimalBase
625:References
588:Life cycle
514:Epithelium
490:v - vagina
488:a - atrium
437:California
403:and others
346:New Guinea
342:Palearctic
305:marsh slug
286:Hydrolimax
88:Gastropoda
1015:262191933
1007:0003-4746
969:250464605
961:1872-2032
612:include:
604:Parasites
536:has high
492:p - penis
323:gastropod
320:pulmonate
288:) renschi
192:Deroceras
126:Species:
119:Deroceras
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1571:2.107018
1532:11025922
1386:BioLib:
1359:Wikidata
1172:12011238
1070:33328779
774:: 25–40.
564:drainage
542:detritus
455:Dominica
449:Colombia
412:Pakistan
383:Slovakia
351:Europe:
196:gracilis
167:Synonyms
104:Family:
78:Mollusca
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
1493:5781358
1365:Q388218
1324:on the
1061:7728728
941:Bibcode
657:(n=17)"
529:Habitat
524:Ecology
429:Vietnam
388:Ukraine
361:Ireland
326:mollusk
309:species
307:, is a
160:, 1774)
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1633:819966
1620:650381
1591:NZOR:
1584:147581
1519:209624
1467:421592
1454:290527
1441:DEROLA
1428:452585
1402:106138
1314:Search
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471:mantle
422:Taiwan
407:Asia:
393:Sweden
378:Poland
303:, the
272:pictus
1628:WoRMS
1607:19906
1558:77305
1545:85751
1527:IRMNG
1449:EUNIS
1415:34Y2R
1011:S2CID
965:S2CID
494:mr -
426:India
417:China
270:var.
188:Limax
1579:NCBI
1553:ITIS
1506:1918
1501:GISD
1488:GBIF
1436:EPPO
1397:BOLD
1389:2881
1330:IFAS
1168:PMID
1091:ISBN
1066:PMID
1003:ISSN
957:ISSN
910:2016
552:pest
359:and
315:, a
313:slug
1540:ISC
1423:EoL
1410:CoL
1374:AFD
1292:at
1231:doi
1197:83'
1158:doi
1056:PMC
1046:doi
995:doi
949:doi
873:doi
840:doi
754:PDF
562:by
554:in
516:of
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