947:
223:
968:
diffusion of the protons into the metal lattice. The other main mechanism involves the electrolytic reduction of ionised hydrogen on the surface of the metal lattice, also followed by the diffusion of the protons into the lattice. The second mechanism is responsible for the observed temporary volume expansion of certain electrodes used in electrolytic experiments.
2135:
997:
212:
986:. Neutron diffraction studies have shown that hydrogen atoms randomly occupy the octahedral interstices in the metal lattice (in an fcc lattice there is one octahedral hole per metal atom). The limit of absorption at normal pressures is PdH0.7, indicating that approximately 70% of the octahedral holes are occupied.
954:
Interstitial hydrides most commonly exist within metals or alloys. They are traditionally termed "compounds" even though they do not strictly conform to the definition of a compound, more closely resembling common alloys such as steel. In such hydrides, hydrogen can exist as either atomic or diatomic
2087:
Jackson, Peter F.; Johnson, Brian F. G.; Lewis, Jack; Raithby, Paul R.; McPartlin, Mary; Nelson, William J. H.; Rouse, Keith D.; Allibon, John; Mason, Sax A. (1980). "Direct location of the interstitial hydride ligand in β by both X-ray and neutron analyses of by Both X-ray and
Neutron Analyses of
903:
According to some definitions, covalent hydrides cover all other compounds containing hydrogen. Some definitions limit hydrides to hydrogen centres that formally react as hydrides, i.e. are nucleophilic, and hydrogen atoms bound to metal centers. These hydrides are formed by all the true non-metals
967:
results from the formation of interstitial hydrides. Hydrides of this type form according to either one of two main mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the adsorption of dihydrogen, succeeded by the cleaving of the H-H bond, the delocalisation of the hydrogen's electrons, and finally the
1031:. Some are even classified as interstitial hydrides and other bridging hydrides. Classical transition metal hydride feature a single bond between the hydrogen centre and the transition metal. Some transition metal hydrides are acidic, e.g.,
904:(except zero group elements) and the elements like Al, Ga, Sn, Pb, Bi, Po, etc., which are normally metallic in nature, i.e., this class includes the hydrides of p-block elements. In these substances the hydride bond is formally a
1676:
O, "hydrogen oxide" (water). This convention is sometimes broken for polonium, which on the grounds of polonium's metallicity is often referred to as "polonium hydride" instead of the expected "hydrogen polonide".
96:
912:. This category includes hydrides that exist as discrete molecules, polymers or oligomers, and hydrogen that has been chem-adsorbed to a surface. A particularly important segment of covalent hydrides are
847:
993:
compounds and solid-solution alloys. However, their application is still limited, as they are capable of storing only about 2 weight percent of hydrogen, insufficient for automotive applications.
955:
entities. Mechanical or thermal processing, such as bending, striking, or annealing, may cause the hydrogen to precipitate out of solution by degassing. Their bonding is generally considered
597:
462:
53:(H), a hydrogen atom with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and more frequently in the past) been applied to all
923:(DIBAL) consists of two aluminum centers bridged by hydride ligands. Hydrides that are soluble in common solvents are widely used in organic synthesis. Particularly common are
2167:
376:
Free hydride anions exist only under extreme conditions and are not invoked for homogeneous solution. Instead, many compounds have hydrogen centres with hydridic character.
697:. Saline hydrides are insoluble in conventional solvents, reflecting their non-molecular structures. Ionic hydrides are used as bases and, occasionally, as reducing
1418:
1404:
1390:
1376:
989:
Many interstitial hydrides have been developed that readily absorb and discharge hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. They are usually based on
1979:
Grochala, Wojciech; Edwards, Peter P. (2004-03-01). "Thermal
Decomposition of the Non-Interstitial Hydrides for the Storage and Production of Hydrogen".
92:. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed.
337:
Hydride complexes are catalysts and catalytic intermediates in a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic cycles. Important examples include
2160:
673:
These are stoichiometric compounds of hydrogen. Ionic or saline hydrides are composed of hydride bound to an electropositive metal, generally an
1894:
1867:
2153:
2115:
2027:
1832:
358:
1648:
are highly flammable. But when hydrogen combines with halogens it produces acids rather than hydrides, and they are not flammable.
1215:). The following is a list of the nomenclature for the hydride derivatives of main group compounds according to this definition:
776:
626:) forms one or more hydrides. These substances have been classified into three main types according to the nature of their
1657:
1532:
1212:
1050:
603:
321:
104:
960:
920:
256:
163:
Bonds between hydrogen and the other elements range from being highly ionic to somewhat covalent. Some hydrides, e.g.
171:
rules and the bonding is described in terms of multi-centered bonds, whereas the interstitial hydrides often involve
1932:
Chatgilialoglu, Chryssostomos; Ferreri, Carla; Landais, Yannick; Timokhin, Vitaliy I. (2018). "Thirty Years of (TMS)
959:. Such bulk transition metals form interstitial binary hydrides when exposed to hydrogen. These systems are usually
2488:
665:
While these divisions have not been used universally, they are still useful to understand differences in hydrides.
499:
215:
2483:
1522:
935:
867:
252:
946:
693:
form compounds similar to those of heavier alkaline earth metals. In these materials the hydride is viewed as a
1076:, hydride ligands are capable of bonding with positively polarized hydrogen centres. This interaction, called
1022:
409:
239:
1564:
964:
309:, i.e. drying agents, to remove trace water from organic solvents. The hydride reacts with water forming
2391:
1151:
913:
27:
This article is about binary compounds of hydrogen with another element. For the anion of hydrogen, see
963:, with variable amounts of hydrogen atoms in the lattice. In materials engineering, the phenomenon of
2139:
1223:
1208:
1121:
1093:
678:
350:
1084:, which exists between positively polarized protons and electronegative atoms with open lone pairs.
1443:
1186:
195:
monolayers, bulk metals (interstitial), or other materials. While hydrides traditionally react as
152:
1913:
1961:
1712:
1691:
1595:
1528:
1476:
1428:
924:
875:
268:
248:
1546:: reducing agent, rocket fuel, semiconductor dopant, catalyst, used in organic synthesis; also
2473:
2111:
2042:
2023:
1996:
1953:
1890:
1863:
1838:
1828:
1512:
1486:
1466:
1447:
1435:
According to the convention above, the following are "hydrogen compounds" and not "hydrides":
1246:
1204:
1117:
975:
856:
724:
702:
396:
287:
279:
168:
54:
2230:
2237:
2093:
2067:
1988:
1945:
1745:
1619:
1456:
1081:
983:
956:
759:
658:
342:
329:
283:
218:
is an example of a hydride with a weak bond to H. It is used as a source of hydrogen atoms.
89:
2478:
1159:
1125:
1077:
1012:, a metal cluster with an interstitial hydride ligand (small turquoise sphere at center).
883:
871:
346:
302:
222:
86:
317:
salt. The dry solvent can then be distilled or vacuum transferred from the "solvent pot".
2179:
2016:
1807:
1771:
1686:
1661:
1567:
1537:
1503:
755:
619:
491:
371:
324:. Various metal hydrides have been examined for use as a means of hydrogen storage for
275:
264:
200:
28:
2072:
2055:
2467:
2176:
1717:
1576:
1155:
990:
905:
648:
638:
627:
338:
291:
260:
192:
172:
58:
1965:
1644:
All metalloid hydrides are highly flammable. All solid non-metallic hydrides except
2360:
2255:
1707:
1507:
1219:
1073:
709:
694:
674:
758:
cannot serve as a medium for ionic hydrides because the hydride ion is a stronger
1884:
1857:
974:
absorbs up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen at room temperatures, forming
2207:
1949:
1637:
1623:
1551:
1516:
1359:
1310:
1163:
354:
188:
148:
1737:
2345:
2338:
1613:
1586:
1555:
1414:
1368:
1189:
1069:
978:. This material has been discussed as a means to carry hydrogen for vehicular
682:
479:
The low electron affinity of hydrogen and the strength of the H–H bond (
400:
196:
124:
1154:
exist that contain hydride with other anions. These include boride hydrides,
2356:
2324:
2303:
2278:
2223:
2145:
1842:
1750:
1697:
1665:
1582:
1472:
1372:
1363:
1324:
1242:
1193:
1109:
979:
971:
909:
763:
690:
623:
380:
325:
314:
306:
271:. The hydride adds to an electrophilic center, typically unsaturated carbon.
38:
2000:
1957:
2134:
2451:
2430:
2423:
2398:
2384:
2331:
2307:
2292:
2285:
2271:
2244:
2187:
2097:
1795:
1543:
1482:
1462:
1396:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1285:
1281:
1272:
767:
686:
468:
399:, 72.77 kJ/mol and reacts exothermically with protons as a powerful
388:
310:
180:
176:
140:
82:
50:
34:
Molecule with a hydrogen bound to a more electropositive element or group
17:
2110:
A. Dedieu (Editor) Transition Metal
Hydrides 1991, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
85:, etc. In covalent compounds, it implies hydrogen is attached to a less
2437:
2409:
2377:
2317:
2264:
1783:
1605:
1601:
1572:
1492:
1410:
1400:
1382:
1355:
1328:
1315:
1259:
1255:
1197:
1137:
698:
203:, some metal hydrides behave as hydrogen-atom donors and act as acids.
184:
164:
132:
120:
78:
1992:
1027:
Transition metal hydrides include compounds that can be classified as
2444:
2413:
2216:
1702:
1660:, by precedence (stylized electronegativity), hydrogen falls between
1627:
1591:
1560:
1547:
1452:
1439:
1424:
1386:
1319:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1268:
1233:
747:
392:
144:
128:
108:
74:
916:, powerful soluble hydrides commonly used in synthetic procedures.
770:
anions. Hydrogen gas is liberated in a typical acid-base reaction.
2370:
1633:
1229:
996:
995:
945:
919:
Molecular hydrides often involve additional ligands; for example,
751:
384:
221:
210:
136:
116:
94:
66:
46:
1609:
1342:
647:, which include the hydrocarbons and many other compounds which
211:
112:
62:
2149:
982:. Interstitial hydrides show certain promise as a way for safe
320:
Hydrides are important in storage battery technologies such as
1645:
1333:
95:
1068:
are examples from the growing collection of known molecular
1531:: selective specialty reducing agent, hydrogen storage in
618:
According to the general definition, every element of the
827:
797:
514:
450:
2090:
Journal of the
Chemical Society, Chemical Communications
1936:
SiH: A Milestone in
Radical-Based Synthetic Chemistry".
842:{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH + H2O -> H2_{(g)}{}+ NaOH}}}
357:, operate via hydride intermediates. The energy carrier
1446:("oxidane" when substituted; synonym: hydrogen oxide),
328:-powered electric cars and other purposed aspects of a
866:
Often alkali metal hydrides react with metal halides.
555:
1827:(2nd ed.). Boston, Mass: Butterworth-Heinemann.
1525:: a powerful reducing agent used in organic chemistry
779:
502:
412:
1915:
Nomenclature of
Inorganic Chemistry ("The Red Book")
1185:
are used to describe ions or compounds that contain
870:(often abbreviated as LAH) arises from reactions of
490:) means that the hydride ion would also be a strong
2408:
2355:
2302:
2254:
2206:
2186:
2015:
841:
591:
456:
1207:hydrogen forms with other elements, ranging over
563:
562:
545:
544:
361:reacts as a hydride donor or hydride equivalent.
950:Metal hydride for hydrogen storage applications
242:) are intermediates in hydrogenation catalysis.
65:. In this broad and potentially archaic sense,
1203:In the classic meaning, hydride refers to any
592:{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + 2e- <=> 2H-}}}
2161:
1908:
1906:
8:
1594:: many industrial uses, e.g. manufacture of
99:Sodium hydride as an example of hydride salt
1818:
1816:
1786:is an ion, and the HNe excimer exists also.
1540:: a powerful base used in organic chemistry
383:, the hydride ion is the simplest possible
2168:
2154:
2146:
942:Interstitial hydrides or metallic hydrides
2071:
1921:. IUPAC Recommendations. 2005. Par. IR-6.
1749:
908:much like the bond made by a proton in a
830:
826:
814:
810:
796:
791:
780:
778:
582:
577:
564:
557:
556:
554:
546:
539:
537:
536:
534:
528:
523:
513:
508:
503:
501:
449:
444:
431:
418:
413:
411:
1672:, "nitrogen hydride" (ammonia), versus H
1063:
1055:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1007:
1003:
930:
746:Typical solvents for such reactions are
457:{\displaystyle {\ce {H- + H+ -> H2}}}
1823:Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997).
1729:
538:
938:and hindered reagents such as DIBAL.
353:catalysts. Even certain enzymes, the
7:
2022:. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
657:, which may be described as having
290:. The hydride reacts with the weak
1017:Transition metal hydride complexes
25:
359:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
2133:
2056:"Materials for hydrogen storage"
1120:, are important fusion fuels in
395:. Hydrogen has a relatively low
103:Almost all of the elements form
1668:elements. Therefore, we have NH
1889:. Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley.
821:
815:
803:
565:
540:
437:
167:, do not conform to classical
105:binary compounds with hydrogen
1:
2073:10.1016/s1369-7021(03)00922-2
2018:Organic Syntheses via Boranes
1640:could be considered hydrides.
1616:, many other industrial uses
1479:("tellane" when substituted)
1459:("sulfane" when substituted)
1213:binary compounds of hydrogen
1051:potassium nonahydridorhenate
322:nickel-metal hydride battery
1950:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00109
1859:Concise Inorganic Chemistry
1489:("polane" when substituted)
1469:("selane" when substituted)
1116:. Some deuterides, such as
921:diisobutylaluminium hydride
257:diisobutylaluminium hydride
175:. Hydrides can be discrete
2505:
1417:(note "bismuthane" is the
1020:
369:
216:Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane
26:
1825:Chemistry of the elements
1523:lithium aluminium hydride
1375:(note "phosphane" is the
1124:and useful moderators in
936:lithium aluminium hydride
868:Lithium aluminium hydride
637:, which have significant
253:lithium aluminium hydride
2054:ZΓΌttel, Andreas (2003).
1170:Appendix on nomenclature
1023:Transition metal hydride
1862:(5th ed.). Wiley.
1751:10.1351/goldbook.H02904
1431:(only exists as an ion)
1403:(note "stibane" is the
263:, are commonly used as
107:, the exceptions being
1626:, important source of
1389:(note "arsane" is the
1013:
965:hydrogen embrittlement
951:
914:complex metal hydrides
843:
593:
458:
243:
226:Metal hydrides (e.g. H
219:
100:
2014:Brown, H. C. (1975).
1883:Massey, A.G. (2000).
1652:Precedence convention
1226:metals: metal hydride
1152:Mixed anion compounds
1147:Mixed anion compounds
1122:thermonuclear weapons
999:
949:
855:= β83.6 kJ/mol,
844:
655:Interstitial hydrides
594:
459:
225:
214:
155:have also been made.
98:
2142:at Wikimedia Commons
2098:10.1039/c39800000295
1886:Main Group Chemistry
1744:. 24 February 2014.
1598:and water repellents
1136:Hydrides containing
1108:Hydrides containing
1092:Hydrides containing
1072:metal hydrides. As
862:= β109.0 kJ/mol
777:
679:alkaline earth metal
500:
410:
387:, consisting of two
351:hydrodesulfurization
240:Wilkinson's catalyst
1596:composite materials
829:
799:
551:
516:
474:= β1676 kJ/mol
452:
282:are used as strong
153:positronium hydride
73:O) is a hydride of
1856:Lee, J.D. (2008).
1810:exist as a cation.
1713:Hydride compressor
1529:sodium borohydride
1495:: hydrogen halides
1477:hydrogen telluride
1078:dihydrogen bonding
1014:
961:non-stoichiometric
952:
925:sodium borohydride
876:aluminium chloride
839:
806:
787:
651:to hydrogen atoms.
589:
570:
504:
454:
440:
269:chemical synthesis
249:sodium borohydride
244:
220:
101:
2489:Functional groups
2461:
2460:
2138:Media related to
2043:Palladium hydride
1993:10.1021/cr030691s
1944:(14): 6516β6572.
1896:978-0-471-49039-5
1869:978-81-265-1554-7
1798:exists as an ion.
1774:exists as an ion.
1738:"hydron (H02904)"
1694:(hydrogen cation)
1632:Chemically, even
1513:palladium hydride
1487:hydrogen polonide
1467:hydrogen selenide
1448:hydrogen peroxide
1421:recommended name)
1407:recommended name)
1393:recommended name)
1379:recommended name)
1029:covalent hydrides
976:palladium hydride
899:Covalent hydrides
837:
820:
809:
802:
790:
783:
703:organic synthesis
645:Covalent hydrides
614:Types of hydrides
581:
572:
527:
507:
488:= 436 kJ/mol
443:
430:
417:
397:electron affinity
301:Hydrides such as
288:organic synthesis
280:potassium hydride
274:Hydrides such as
247:Hydrides such as
169:electron counting
16:(Redirected from
2496:
2484:Hydrogen storage
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2199:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2137:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1987:(3): 1283β1316.
1981:Chemical Reviews
1976:
1970:
1969:
1938:Chemical Reviews
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1734:
1658:IUPAC convention
1620:hydrogen sulfide
1515:: electrodes in
1457:hydrogen sulfide
1200:, respectively.
1126:nuclear reactors
1082:hydrogen bonding
1080:, is similar to
1067:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1011:
984:hydrogen storage
933:
848:
846:
845:
840:
838:
835:
831:
828:
825:
824:
818:
807:
800:
798:
795:
788:
781:
659:metallic bonding
609:
601:
598:
596:
595:
590:
588:
587:
586:
579:
573:
571:
569:
568:
561:
553:
552:
550:
543:
535:
533:
532:
525:
515:
512:
505:
489:
475:
466:
463:
461:
460:
455:
453:
451:
448:
441:
436:
435:
428:
423:
422:
415:
343:hydroformylation
330:hydrogen economy
173:metallic bonding
149:Exotic molecules
81:is a hydride of
59:covalently bound
45:is formally the
21:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2202:
2195:
2182:
2177:Monatomic anion
2174:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2109:
2105:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2060:Materials Today
2053:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1835:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1654:
1622:: component of
1291:
1278:
1265:
1252:
1239:
1172:
1160:hydridonitrides
1149:
1134:
1106:
1090:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1009:
1005:
1001:
944:
932:
928:
901:
893:
889:
872:lithium hydride
775:
774:
756:protic solvents
742:
738:
734:
730:
721:
717:
713:
681:. The divalent
671:
649:covalently bond
616:
602:
599:
578:
524:
498:
497:
487:
480:
467:
464:
427:
414:
408:
407:
374:
368:
347:hydrosilylation
303:calcium hydride
297:
265:reducing agents
237:
233:
229:
209:
201:reducing agents
161:
87:electronegative
72:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2502:
2500:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2364:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2311:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2129:
2128:External links
2126:
2120:
2119:
2103:
2079:
2046:
2035:
2028:
2006:
1971:
1933:
1924:
1902:
1895:
1875:
1868:
1848:
1833:
1812:
1808:Kryptonium ion
1800:
1788:
1776:
1772:Helium hydride
1764:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:Parent hydride
1682:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1653:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1617:
1599:
1589:
1580:
1570:
1568:semiconductors
1558:
1541:
1538:sodium hydride
1535:
1526:
1520:
1510:
1508:NiMH batteries
1504:nickel hydride
1497:
1496:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1433:
1432:
1429:helium hydride
1422:
1408:
1394:
1380:
1366:
1358:("azane" when
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1292:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1266:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1240:
1237:
1227:
1224:alkaline earth
1171:
1168:
1148:
1145:
1133:
1130:
1105:
1102:
1089:
1086:
1021:Main article:
1018:
1015:
943:
940:
900:
897:
896:
895:
891:
887:
864:
863:
849:
834:
823:
817:
813:
805:
794:
786:
744:
743:
740:
736:
732:
728:
719:
715:
711:
670:
669:Ionic hydrides
667:
663:
662:
652:
642:
635:Ionic hydrides
620:periodic table
615:
612:
611:
610:
608:= β2.25 V
585:
576:
567:
560:
549:
542:
531:
522:
519:
511:
492:reducing agent
485:
477:
476:
447:
439:
434:
426:
421:
372:Hydrogen anion
367:
364:
363:
362:
334:
333:
318:
299:
295:
276:sodium hydride
272:
235:
231:
227:
208:
205:
165:boron hydrides
160:
157:
70:
33:
29:Hydrogen anion
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2501:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:Chalcogenides
2358:
2354:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:0-471-18768-2
2113:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2029:0-471-11280-1
2025:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1928:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1834:0-7506-3365-4
1830:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1718:Superhydrides
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:According to
1651:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:semiconductor
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:carbohydrides
1153:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1140:are known as
1139:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:are known as
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1096:are known as
1095:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:pseudohalides
1071:
1052:
1049:. The anions
1030:
1024:
1016:
1000:Structure of
998:
994:
992:
991:intermetallic
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:
962:
958:
948:
941:
939:
937:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
906:covalent bond
898:
885:
881:
880:
879:
877:
873:
869:
861:
860:
854:
850:
832:
811:
792:
784:
773:
772:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
726:
722:
708:
707:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
660:
656:
653:
650:
646:
643:
640:
639:ionic bonding
636:
633:
632:
631:
629:
625:
622:(except some
621:
613:
607:
606:
583:
574:
558:
547:
529:
520:
517:
509:
496:
495:
494:
493:
484:
473:
472:
445:
432:
424:
419:
406:
405:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
373:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:hydrogenation
336:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
293:
292:Bronsted acid
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
261:super hydride
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:
241:
238:derived from
224:
217:
213:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
97:
93:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
30:
19:
2196:
2123:
2106:
2089:
2082:
2066:(9): 24β33.
2063:
2059:
2049:
2038:
2017:
2009:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1914:
1885:
1878:
1858:
1851:
1824:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
1708:Hydrogen ion
1655:
1643:
1638:hydrocarbons
1498:
1434:
1311:hydrocarbons
1202:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1166:and others.
1150:
1141:
1135:
1113:
1107:
1097:
1091:
1028:
1026:
988:
970:
953:
918:
902:
865:
858:
852:
745:
695:pseudohalide
675:alkali metal
672:
664:
654:
644:
634:
617:
604:
482:
478:
470:
378:
375:
305:are used as
259:(DIBAL) and
207:Applications
189:ionic solids
162:
102:
42:
36:
1624:natural gas
1585:: used for
1563:: used for
1552:pentaborane
1519:experiments
1517:cold fusion
1360:substituted
1164:oxyhydrides
683:lanthanides
624:noble gases
379:Aside from
366:Hydride ion
355:hydrogenase
294:releasing H
197:Lewis bases
193:chemisorbed
57:containing
2468:Categories
2092:(7): 295.
1724:References
1614:fertilizer
1587:fumigation
1575:: used in
1556:decaborane
1533:fuel cells
1506:: used in
1499:Examples:
1415:bismuthine
1369:phosphorus
1309:, and all
1211:1β16 (the
1190:hydrogen-1
1114:deuterides
1104:Deuterides
1070:homoleptic
980:fuel cells
754:and other
641:character.
401:Lewis base
370:See also:
307:desiccants
2308:Pnictides
2180:compounds
2124:-0101022
1698:Hydronium
1583:phosphine
1473:tellurium
1373:phosphine
1364:hydrazine
1325:germanium
1243:aluminium
1194:deuterium
1179:deuteride
1142:tritides.
1110:deuterium
972:Palladium
910:weak acid
804:⟶
766:and most
764:hydroxide
691:ytterbium
584:−
566:⇀
559:−
548:−
541:↽
530:−
438:⟶
420:−
389:electrons
381:electride
326:fuel cell
315:hydroxide
181:oligomers
177:molecules
55:compounds
39:chemistry
18:Deuteride
2474:Hydrides
2410:Group 17
2357:Group 16
2304:Group 15
2256:Group 14
2208:Group 13
2140:Hydrides
2001:15008624
1966:49413857
1958:29938502
1843:48138330
1796:Argonium
1681:See also
1666:group 16
1662:group 15
1579:industry
1544:diborane
1493:halogens
1483:polonium
1463:selenium
1397:antimony
1352:nitrogen
1347:plumbane
1338:stannane
1286:thallane
1282:thallium
1273:indigane
1205:compound
1187:enriched
1132:Tritides
1098:protides
1088:Protides
1062:[FeH
1054:[ReH
1002:[HRu
957:metallic
894:+ 3 LiCl
768:hydroxyl
699:reagents
687:europium
685:such as
311:hydrogen
230:RhCl(PPh
185:polymers
151:such as
83:nitrogen
51:hydrogen
2414:Halides
2188:Group 1
1784:Neonium
1606:coolant
1602:ammonia
1573:stibine
1411:bismuth
1401:stibine
1383:arsenic
1356:ammonia
1329:germane
1316:silicon
1307:alkynes
1303:alkenes
1299:alkanes
1260:gallane
1256:gallium
1247:alumane
1198:tritium
1183:tritide
1175:Protide
1138:tritium
1094:protium
1033:HCo(CO)
890:β LiAlH
628:bonding
90:element
79:ammonia
43:hydride
2479:Anions
2114:
2026:
1999:
1964:
1956:
1893:
1866:
1841:
1831:
1757:11 May
1703:Proton
1692:Hydron
1628:sulfur
1592:silane
1565:doping
1561:arsine
1548:borane
1453:sulfur
1440:oxygen
1425:helium
1387:arsine
1320:silane
1295:carbon
1269:indium
1234:borane
1220:alkali
1209:groups
1044:Fe(CO)
934:) and
886:+ AlCl
748:ethers
735:C(O)CH
718:C(O)CH
600:
465:
393:proton
391:and a
143:, and
75:oxygen
1962:S2CID
1919:(PDF)
1742:IUPAC
1634:water
1444:water
1419:IUPAC
1405:IUPAC
1391:IUPAC
1377:IUPAC
1288:, TlH
1275:, InH
1262:, GaH
1249:, AlH
1230:boron
874:with
762:than
752:Water
739:K + H
385:anion
284:bases
159:Bonds
67:water
63:atoms
47:anion
2112:ISBN
2024:ISBN
1997:PMID
1954:PMID
1891:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1839:OCLC
1829:ISBN
1759:2021
1664:and
1636:and
1610:fuel
1554:and
1343:lead
1236:, BH
1222:and
1181:and
1060:and
1038:and
1006:(CO)
929:NaBH
836:NaOH
760:base
689:and
313:and
278:and
41:, a
2094:doi
2088:".
2068:doi
1989:doi
1985:104
1946:doi
1942:118
1746:doi
1646:ice
1362:),
1334:tin
1196:or
1118:LiD
884:LiH
782:NaH
727:β C
701:in
677:or
403:.
286:in
267:in
199:or
183:or
49:of
37:In
2470::
2452:At
2438:Br
2431:Cl
2399:Po
2392:Te
2385:Se
2346:Bi
2339:Sb
2332:As
2293:Pb
2286:Sn
2279:Ge
2272:Si
2245:Tl
2238:In
2231:Ga
2224:Al
2062:.
2058:.
1995:.
1983:.
1960:.
1952:.
1940:.
1905:^
1837:.
1815:^
1740:.
1612:,
1608:,
1604::
1550:,
1485::
1475::
1465::
1455::
1442::
1427::
1413::
1399::
1385::
1371::
1354::
1345::
1336::
1327::
1318::
1305:,
1301:,
1297::
1284::
1271::
1258::
1245::
1232::
1192:,
1177:,
1162:,
1158:,
1128:.
1100:.
1008:18
882:4
878:.
750:.
725:KH
723:+
705:.
630::
486:BE
349:,
345:,
341:,
255:,
251:,
191:,
187:,
179:,
147:.
145:Ra
141:Fr
139:,
137:Rn
135:,
133:Ir
131:,
129:Os
127:,
125:Pm
123:,
121:Kr
119:,
117:Ar
115:,
113:Ne
111:,
109:He
77:,
69:(H
61:H
2445:I
2424:F
2416:)
2412:(
2378:S
2371:O
2363:)
2359:(
2325:P
2318:N
2310:)
2306:(
2265:C
2217:B
2197:H
2169:e
2162:t
2155:v
2100:.
2096::
2076:.
2070::
2064:6
2032:.
2003:.
1991::
1968:.
1948::
1934:3
1899:.
1872:.
1845:.
1761:.
1748::
1674:2
1670:3
1290:3
1277:3
1264:3
1251:3
1238:3
1066:]
1064:6
1058:]
1056:9
1046:4
1042:2
1040:H
1035:4
1010:]
1004:6
931:4
927:(
892:4
888:3
859:G
857:Ξ
853:H
851:Ξ
833:+
822:)
819:g
816:(
812:2
808:H
801:O
793:2
789:H
785:+
741:2
737:2
733:5
731:H
729:6
720:3
716:5
714:H
712:6
710:C
661:.
605:E
580:H
575:2
526:e
521:2
518:+
510:2
506:H
483:H
481:Ξ
471:H
469:Ξ
446:2
442:H
433:+
429:H
425:+
416:H
332:.
298:.
296:2
236:2
234:)
232:3
228:2
71:2
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
