618:(State Railways of the GDR) along the lines of other East German institutions, the Western Allies would probably have refused to recognise it as the same or a successor organization and removed its right to operate in West Berlin. The legal necessity of keeping the term 'Deutsche Reichsbahn' explains the unique use of the word 'Reich' (with its Imperial and Nazi connotations) in the name of an official organisation of the communist GDR. This quasi-official presence in West Berlin was apparently of an utmost importance to the GDR regime, otherwise it is hard to explain why the anti-imperialist and cash-strapped GDR government was willing to both continue using the word 'Reich' and incur large
43:
703:, the DR and DB continued to operate as separate entities in their respective service areas, albeit under a coordination agreement concerning operations. On 1 June 1992, the DB and DR formed a joint board of directors which governed both entities. The merger between the DR and DB was delayed by several years over the structure of the merged railway due to concerns by German politicians on the ever-increasing annual operating deficits incurred by the DB and DR. The
457:
115:
540:(DB) maintained a ticket office in West Berlin for many years on Hardenbergstraße near the main Zoological Garden railway station that was run by the Eastern Reichsbahn. One reason for this was due to the generally poor customer service offered at the DR's ticket counters . Another reason may have been psychological – to promote a visible West German government presence in West Berlin.
1035:
985:
657:
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672:. The BVG gradually restored much of the S-Bahn service that had been previously reduced. Following the reunification in October 1990, the arrangements were kept until the creation of Deutsche Bahn AG on 1 January 1994 when the new company took over all S-Bahn operations in the Greater Berlin region.
613:
as it was mentioned as such in transit treaties. After the foundation of East
Germany on 7 October 1949 the East German government continued to run all the railways in its territory under the official name Deutsche Reichsbahn, by so doing it maintained responsibility for almost all railway transport
481:
When the GDR's energy costs began to rise dramatically in the early 1980s (in part because the Soviet Union ceased to subsidize the price of fuel sold to the GDR), the DR embarked on a large rail electrification campaign as the GDR's electrical power grid could be supplied with electricity generated
494:
Due to the Four-Power
Occupation Agreements for Berlin, in which the long-term division of Germany and Berlin (the partition of Germany into two German states; and Berlin partitioned into two principal zones of occupation, West Berlin and East Berlin) was not foreseen, the DR operated the long-haul
464:
Steam engines were the workhorses after the war and remained important for a long time into the period of German partition. The DR's last steam engine (on normal-gauge tracks) was taken out of service on 28 May 1988. Much of the electrified rail network that existed in (present-day) eastern
Germany
646:
on 13 August 1961, many West
Berliners boycotted the S-Bahn in West Berlin. After a strike by West Berlin-based DR employees in September 1980, the S-Bahn service in West Berlin was greatly reduced. Almost half of the West Berlin S-Bahn railway network was closed following this action, including
473:
in the early years of Soviet occupation. By the early 1970s, only a small portion of the tracks in the GDR had been electrified in comparison with those in
Western Europe; the GDR leadership chose to reduce the pace of electrification and instead relied on mostly Russian-made
507:(and also after the reunification of Germany) until the merger of the DR and DB in January 1994. This led to unique situations due to the occupied status of West Berlin and the presence of the DR there. For example, there were
424:. Fares were fairly cheap, but trains tended to be overcrowded and slow, owing in part to the poor condition of most railway lines in the GDR. The DR did offer a limited number of express trains such as the "Neptun" (
810:
704:
602:. DR conductors and engine crews managed these trains while military transport officers and soldiers dealt with their passengers and the Soviet military checkpoint officials at Marienborn.
679:
was not restored until after reunification (in phases, from 1993 to 2002). Capital projects continue to address the backlog of construction needs that developed during the DR-GDR era.
605:
The presence of the DR in West Berlin was costly to the GDR – the annual operating deficit for the DR in West Berlin in the early 1980s was estimated to be around 120-140 million
800:
Dürr was also concurrently chairman of the board of the DB. He later served as the chairman of the joint board of directors of the DB and DR from June 1992 – January 1994.
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1023:
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until 1994 when the
Russian military finally withdrew from Germany. Each of the Western Allies also maintained its stations and ticket offices in its respective zone:
527:) never officially recognized the authority of the GDR government in the Soviet (Eastern) sector of Berlin, let alone in West Berlin. For this reason, the West Berlin
72:
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It took several years to fully restore all of S-Bahn services throughout the
Greater Berlin region. Service on the West Berlin portion of the
511:(railway police) employed by the DR in their West Berlin railway stations who were controlled by the GDR Interior Ministry, although the three
30:
This article is about the state railway of the former post-war East
Germany. For its pan-Germany predecessor during the inter-war years, see
668:
entered into force and turned over the responsibility for the operation of the S-Bahn in West Berlin to the West Berlin transport authority
1110:
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564:) military to facilitate transport of their personnel to and from Russia. A special military train regularly operated between Berlin and
1155:
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in 1993 and went into effect on 1 January 1994, that included the planned merger between the DR and DB on 1 January 1994 to form the
335:. From November 1954 until November 1989, the GDR Minister of Transport also occupied the position of the Director General of the DR
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967:
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898:
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94:
852:
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580:
416:. By 1989, 17.2% of the passenger transport volume in the GDR was handled by the DR – three times the market share of the
55:
696:
660:
Patchwork conditions on the West Berlin S-Bahn were illustrated in 1969 by this station on the
Lichterfelde-Süd Line.
65:
59:
51:
460:
In March 1971, the DR's
Interzone express departs Hamburg for Berlin with class 01.5 steam power, a 4-6-2 "Pacific".
1150:
669:
76:
316:
Both the Reichsbahn and the Bundesbahn continued as separate entities until 1994, when they merged to form the
275:
634:
In 1969 a third-rail S-Bahn train eases past West Berlin firemen fighting a trackside fire in untrimmed brush.
1145:
282:
768:
412:
The DR was centrally directed according to socialist principles within the context of a centrally planned
294:
286:
642:
local train service in West Berlin during much of the Cold War period. Following the erection of the
533:
had separate patrols who were empowered to maintain law and order in the West Berlin railway stations.
328:
The DR was the largest employer in the GDR and as a state-owned firm was directly subordinated to the
700:
383:
1092:
1082:
762:
738:
573:
417:
310:
302:
185:
138:
31:
1140:
594:
The Western Allies operated military trains over DR lines converging on the route between Berlin-
456:
782:() Was also GDR Minister of Transport during his term of service as Director General of the DR.
963:
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between the two German states signed on 31 August 1990 established the DR as special property
609:. The status of Berlin is also believed to be the reason the East Germans retained the name
545:
475:
433:
301:
or GDR on 7 October 1949) continued to run as the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the name given to the
665:
649:
470:
413:
1102:
1061:
344:
206:
17:
114:
893:] (in German) (fully revised and expanded new ed.). München: GeraMond Verlag.
128:
1170:
1077:
891:
Deutsche Reichsbahn Confidential: Poison Trains, Military Transports, Secret Projects
820:
792:
774:
719:
639:
619:
520:
516:
352:
317:
195:
750:
557:
552:
512:
466:
441:
421:
306:
298:
290:
271:
233:
217:
914:
The Deutsche Reichsbahn in West Berlin - Interzonal Traffic, the S-Bahn and the DR
910:
Die Deutsche Reichsbahn in West-Berlin – Interzonenverkehr, die S-Bahn und die DR
841:
Das Buch der Deutschen Reichsbahn: Erinnerungen an den Schienenverkehr in der DDR
478:
due to the easy availability of fuel from the Soviet Union at subsidised prices.
643:
606:
500:
425:
348:
340:
329:
211:
699:, and stipulated the DR to be merged with DB at the earliest opportunity. Upon
543:
Another oddity was the presence of a ticket counter at the East Berlin station
756:
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429:
379:
358:
The company was administratively subdivided into eight regional directorates
825:
715:
445:
387:
400:
services to the DR, both on board trains and in stations, were provided by
984:
845:
The Book of the Deutsche Reichsbahn: Memories of Rail Transport in the GDR
870:] (in German) (approved special ed.). München: GeraMond Verlag.
504:
486:. The electrified rail network grew from 11.5% in 1979 to 27.3% by 1990.
397:
391:
267:
647:
the closure of the western portion of the Berlin circular ring railway (
1034:
887:
Deutsche Reichsbahn geheim: Giftzüge, Militärtransporte, Geheimprojekte
595:
483:
401:
371:
367:
241:
656:
630:
997:"Berlin 1969" includes sections on Marienborn-Berlin rail operations.
614:
in all four sectors of Berlin. Had the DR been renamed, for example,
565:
561:
529:
524:
437:
375:
363:
933:
Der Reichsbahn-Report: 1945–1993; Tatsachen, Legenden, Hintergründe
655:
629:
587:
455:
868:
The Album of the Deutsche Reichsbahn: Railway Everyday in the GDR
811:
List of East German Deutsche Reichsbahn locomotives and railbuses
622:
deficits to operate and maintain the West Berlin railway system.
285:'s railways were returned to German control after four years of
1005:
864:
Das Album der Deutschen Reichsbahn: Eisenbahnalltag in der DDR
36:
937:
The Reichsbahn Report: 1945–1993; Facts, Legends, Backgrounds
729:(Corporation), which is a state-owned limited stock company.
710:
proposed a comprehensive reform of the German railway system
996:
956:
Deutsche Reichsbahn intern geheime Akten, brisante Tatsachen
27:
State railway of the German Democratic Republic (1945–1993)
960:
Deutsche Reichsbahn Secret Internal Files, Explosive Facts
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On 9 January 1984, a treaty between the GDR and the
1101:
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939:] (in German). Stuttgart: Transpress Verlag.
916:] (in German). Stuttgart: Transpress Verlag.
64:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
339:. The headquarters of the DR were located in
1017:
962:] (in German). München: GeraMond Verlag.
847:] (in German). München: GeraMond Verlag.
626:The S-Bahn in West Berlin during the Cold War
8:
107:
1024:
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482:from the burning of domestically produced
337:(Generaldirektor der Deutschen Reichsbahn)
106:
683:The DR after the reunification of Germany
465:in 1945 had been removed and sent to the
95:Learn how and when to remove this message
1192:Railway companies disestablished in 1993
1182:Government organisations in East Germany
1212:German companies disestablished in 1993
444:), and "Balt-Orient-Express" (Berlin –
351:and across from the site of the former
954:Preuss, Erich; Preuss, Reiner (2011).
309:, the Reichsbahn was succeeded by the
266:was the operating name of state owned
119:"DR-Kreis" logo used from 1949 to 1994
1187:Railway companies established in 1949
1057:History of the railway in Württemberg
687:Article 26 of the Unification Treaty
7:
1197:History of rail transport in Germany
1177:Defunct railway companies of Germany
1052:History of rail transport in Germany
490:The DR in Berlin during the Cold War
1207:1949 establishments in East Germany
556:from 1987 to 1998) operated by the
1088:Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
499:and barge canals in both East and
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816:Deutsche Reichsbahn service ranks
333:(Ministerium für Verkehr der DDR)
1093:Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
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787:Chairman of the board of the DR
1202:Rail transport in East Germany
1:
705:Federal Ministry of Transport
503:throughout the years of the
733:Directors General of the DR
708:(Bundesverkehrsministerium)
697:Federal Republic of Germany
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714:which was approved by the
299:German Democratic Republic
29:
990:Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR)
638:The DR also operated the
330:GDR Ministry of Transport
112:
18:Deutsche Reichsbahn (DDR)
1071:German railway companies
1039:German railway companies
908:Kuhlmann, Bernd (2020).
885:Kuhlmann, Bernd (2013).
303:German national railways
50:This article includes a
616:Staatseisenbahn der DDR
360:(Reichsbahndirektionen)
264:(German Reich Railways)
79:more precise citations.
1045:German railway history
931:Preuss, Erich (2001).
661:
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440:), "Karlex" (Berlin –
295:Soviet occupation zone
278:until 1 January 1994.
168:; 30 years ago
150:; 74 years ago
992:at Wikimedia Commons
862:Heym, Rudolf (2010).
839:Heym, Rudolf (2003).
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166:1 January 1994
148:7 October 1949
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1171:Categories
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854:3765472468
832:References
793:Heinz Dürr
775:Heinz Dürr
769:Hans Klemm
757:Otto Arndt
600:Marienborn
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380:Greifswald
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716:Bundestag
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805:See also
677:Ringbahn
650:Ringbahn
586:France:
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420:(DB) in
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125:Industry
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560:(later
551:Berlin
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484:lignite
402:Mitropa
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73:improve
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525:France
523:, and
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