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149:-ended granite structure built lengthwise down the slope of a hill, with a central 'cross-passage' dividing it into two rooms, sometimes partitioned with a screen. The higher end of the building was occupied by the human inhabitants; their animals were tethered in the lower, especially during the cold winter months. The animal quarters, called the 'shippon' or 'shippen'; a word still used by many locals to describe a farm building used for livestock, were located down the slope to allow
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eating. When they reached the fore-court they found a dusty threadbare floor and an old hag before the fire at one end, and when she was cold she would throw a lapfull of chaff onto the fire, so that it was not easy for any man to put up with the smoke that entered his nostrils. At the other end they saw a yellow ox-skin, and lucky the man who was privileged to sleep on that.
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or other stone. One particular longhouse near Carreg Cennen Castle in Wales is dated to the 11th century. Many longhouses are still inhabited today (although adapted over the centuries), while others have been converted into farm buildings. Forms of longhouses identical to those on
Dartmoor are found
199:
Inside they saw a bumpy pitted floor: where there were bumps a man could scarcely stand, so slimy was this floor with cow dung and urine, and where there were holes a man might sink to his instep in the mixture of water and urine, and it was all strewn with holly stems whose tips the cattle had been
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in
Cornwall dating from the mid-thirteenth century, that the shippons were typically orientated toward a common livestock holding area or 'townplace', whilst the raised human portion was carefully positioned away from the communal area for privacy. Roofs were originally thatched, with gardens and
245:, mainly in the nineteenth century. The ownership of an extensive longhouse is regarded as a sign of the relative prosperity of the rural region and longhouses would usually have been occupied by land-owning families rather than tenant peasants who would have occupied much humbler dwellings.
188:. Later in the medieval period, separation from the animals was increased with the introduction of enclosed stone fireplaces and upper floors inserted to create private bedrooms, while the roofspace above the shippen was often used as a hayloft or store.
56:, England and belonging to a wider tradition of combining human residences with those of livestock (cattle or sheep) under a single roof specific to western Britain; Wales, Cornwall and Devon, where they are more usually referred to simply as
216:
after 1340. Excavations during the 1960s revealed four longhouses, many featuring a central drainage channel, and several smaller houses and barns. Peter
Herring notes in his discussion of a medieval hamlet of six longhouses at
184:. Windows were very small or non-existent, so the interior would have been dark. The cross-passage had a door at either end, and with both of these open a breeze was often created which made it an ideal location for
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Early longhouses would have had no chimney – the smoke from a central fire simply filtered through the thatched roof and the whole space was open to the rafters, without a ceiling, as in a medieval
English
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The earliest are thought to have been built in the 13th century, and they continued to be constructed throughout the mediaeval period and into the Early Modern, using local
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In later centuries, the longhouses were adapted and expanded, often with the addition of an upper floor and a granite porch to protect against the elements. Substantial
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A 1735 Welsh longhouse in the 'Dartmoor' style; the gable end drain can just be made out below the modern bench
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Higher
Uppacott, one of very few remaining longhouses to retain its original unaltered shippon and medieval
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Newman, Phil (2006). "Tinworking and the
Landscape of Medieval Devon, c1150-1700". In Turner, Sam (ed.).
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Another fine example of a 16th-century longhouse, extended and enlarged can be found at
Cullacott near
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Higher
Uppacott (c.1350) has been preserved as a definitive example with preserved thatched roofing
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Herring, Peter (2006). "Medieval Fields at Brown Willy, Bodmin Moor". In Turner, Sam (ed.).
788:(If the same type of house is known by alternative names, it may be linked more than once.)
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from the 12th or 13th century vividly describes the interior of "an old pitch black hall":
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Lettaford - the entrance would once have been used by both cattle and human occupants
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is a type of traditional stone-built home, typically found on the high ground of
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This simple floorplan is clearly visible at the abandoned mediaeval village at
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and can be seen at many of the surviving
Dartmoor longhouses today (see
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to drain out through the end wall. In Wales, the upper end was known as
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Peate, Iorwerth C. (1940). "The Welsh House: a study in folk culture".
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641:"Cullacott and Attached Open Fronted Cartshed, Werrington, Cornwall"
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various agricultural outbuildings including communal corn-driers.
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Floorplan of a 17th-century
Dartmoor longhouse, shippon to right.
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fireplaces and chimneys were also added, along with adjoining
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Medieval Devon & Cornwall; Shaping an Ancient Countryside
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Medieval Devon & Cornwall; Shaping an Ancient Countryside
127:, and is now owned by the Dartmoor National Park Authority.
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Breton Longere (Belle ĂŽle/Ar Geuvrer) with covered well
656:, The Dream of Rhonabwy, Penguin Classics edition 1982
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Sanders, Lettaford - with granite porch and chimney
541:. Dartmoor National Park Authority. Archived from
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145:The longhouse consists of a long, single-storey
410:Westcott Farm, Uppacott, Widdecombe-in-the-moor
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27:Stone-built home, typical of Dartmoor, England
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36:A typical Dartmoor Longhouse c1500-1600 with
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619:"Interactive Visit to Higher Uppacott"
600:The Gateway to Dry Stone Architecture
89:meaning 'homestead', or specifically
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1577:Buildings and structures in Cornwall
1116:Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland
495:. Dartmoor National Park Authority.
298:From raised platform toward shippen
104:can also be found in northwestern (
97:. A near identical type called the
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1572:Buildings and structures in Devon
1547:House types in the United Kingdom
338:Hound Tor Longhouses general view
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536:"The Dartmoor Longhouse Poster"
522:Flying through Cornwall's Past
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165:meaning 'head of the floor'.
422:Tyddyn Tyfod a ruined Welsh
93:meaning 'long-house' in the
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518:"The Medieval Countryside"
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493:"The Dartmoor Longhouse"
191:The medieval Welsh tale
1567:Vernacular architecture
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1195:Architecture of England
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743:Dartmoor National Park
741:The Dartmoor Longhouse
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193:The Dream of Rhonabwy
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1358:Renaissance theatres
1338:Round-tower churches
913:Upper Lusatian house
811:Neolithic long house
621:. Virtually Dartmoor
548:on 27 September 2007
479:Notes and references
310:Hound Tor Longhouses
1328:Medieval cathedrals
1323:Abbeys and priories
898:Middle German house
524:. 11 December 2020.
1587:Houses in Cornwall
1487:Dartmoor longhouse
1482:Wealden hall house
996:Dartmoor longhouse
868:East Frisian house
858:Black Forest house
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239:Ancient Tenements
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210:Ancient Tenements
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142:in Cornwall.
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1486:
1464:Bastle house
1343:Roman villas
1033:Bresse house
995:
986:Bastle house
794:Old European
733:Devon portal
691:
682:
676:
667:
661:
649:
635:
623:. Retrieved
599:
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550:. Retrieved
543:the original
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45:
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29:
1557:Bodmin Moor
1398:Lighthouses
1353:Hall houses
1234:Elizabethan
1214:Saxo-Norman
1209:Anglo-Saxon
923:Waldlerhaus
577:Y Cymmrodor
243:Welsh slate
219:Brown Willy
214:Black Death
83:Bodmin Moor
1541:Categories
1497:Bath stone
1474:Oast house
1429:Manchester
1419:Birmingham
1310:structures
1274:Jacobethan
1254:Queen Anne
1148:Carpathian
1141:Carpathian
1001:Hall house
991:Blackhouse
878:Gulf house
140:Launceston
62:housebarns
58:longhouses
1507:Flushwork
1459:Almshouse
1454:Fan vault
1424:Liverpool
1383:Windmills
1289:Brutalist
1279:Edwardian
1269:Victorian
806:Longhouse
801:Housebarn
779:farmhouse
777:European
584:. London.
227:inglenook
206:Hound Tor
186:winnowing
155:pen uchaf
99:(Maison)
1552:Dartmoor
1528:Category
1393:Stadiums
1259:Georgian
1244:Carolean
1239:Jacobean
1153:Zakopane
1059:Alqueria
163:penllawr
159:pen isaf
106:Brittany
79:Cornwall
50:Dartmoor
1439:Bristol
1368:Museums
1318:Castles
1109:Swedish
1093:Italian
1084:Palloza
1064:Baserri
1052:Spanish
979:British
883:Haubarg
625:1 April
552:1 April
249:Gallery
235:linhays
231:dairies
101:Longère
74:granite
68:History
38:shippon
1477:(cowl)
1414:London
1219:Norman
1202:Styles
1026:French
1017:Chalet
932:Danish
853:Ansitz
846:German
424:Tyddyn
324:hearth
182:hearth
151:slurry
121:thatch
91:Ty Hir
87:tyddyn
1407:Other
1229:Tudor
1125:Malta
1079:Masia
1010:Swiss
948:Dutch
781:types
582:XLVII
546:(PDF)
539:(PDF)
179:furze
147:gable
54:Devon
52:, in
1434:Bath
627:2008
554:2008
175:peat
171:hall
44:The
177:or
77:in
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64:.
1187:e
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20:)
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