195:. There is a wide range of cases and severity to ASD so it is very hard to detect the first signs of ASD. A diagnosis of ASD can be made accurately before the child is 3 years old, but the diagnosis of ASD is not commonly confirmed until the child is somewhat older. The age of diagnosis can range from 9 months to 14 years, and the mean age is 4 years old in the USA. On average each case of ASD is tested at three different diagnostic centers before confirmed. Early diagnosis of the disorder can diminish familial stress, speed up referral to special educational programs and influence family planning. The occurrence of ASD in one child can increase the risk of the next child having ASD by 50 to 100 times.
209:
cerebellum too, which affect the motor and communication skills. Sometimes the left lobe of the brain is affected and this causes neuropsychological symptoms. The distribution of white matter, the nerve fibers that link diverse parts of the brain, is abnormal. The corpus callosum, the band of nerve fibers, that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain also gets affected in ASD. A study also found that 33% of people who have AgCC (agenesis of the corpus callosum), a condition in which the corpus callosum is partially or completely absent, had scores higher than the autism screening cut-off.
427:
imbalances. However, it is important to be aware of potential side effects associated with these medications. Common side effects may include headaches, which can often be mitigated by adjusting the dosage or administration timing. Gastrointestinal discomfort, including stomach pain or nausea, is another possible side effect, and taking the medication with food or modifying the dosage may help alleviate these symptoms. Additionally, while rare, changes in mood such as
110:(PPD), which uniquely describe a group of five developmental diagnoses, one of which is autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Pervasive developmental disorders reference a limited number of conditions whereas development disorders are a broad network of social, communicative, physical, genetic, intellectual, behavioral, and language concerns and diagnoses.
243:
between 12 and 24 months with ASD show a lack of gestures, prefer to be alone, do not point to objects to indicate interest, are easily frustrated with challenges, and lack of functional play. And finally children between the ages 24 to 36 months with ASD show a lack of symbolic play and an unusual interest in certain objects, or moving objects.
285:. ABA focuses on teaching adaptive behaviors like social skills, play skills, or communication skills and diminishing problematic behaviors like self-injury. This is done by creating a specialized plan that uses behavioral therapy techniques, such as positive or negative reinforcement, to encourage or discourage certain behaviors over-time.
330:
Symptoms of ADHD include inattentiveness, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. Many of the behaviors that are associated with ADHD include poor control over actions resulting in disruptive behavior and academic problems. Another area that is affected by these disorders is the social arena for the person
238:
These patterns can be seen in the form of repeated movements of the hand or the phrases used while talking. A rigid adherence to schedules and inflexibility to adapt even if a minor change is made to their routine is also one of the behavioral symptoms of ASD. They could also display sensory patterns
376:
Stimulant
Medications - Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin) and amphetamines (e.g., Adderall), are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of ADHD. These medications enhance the activity of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, helping to improve attention and
339:
The treatment of
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) commonly involves a multimodal approach, combining various strategies to address the complex nature of the disorder. This comprehensive approach includes psychological, behavioral, pharmaceutical, and educational interventions tailored
130:
The scientific study of the causes of developmental disorders involves many theories. Some of the major differences between these theories involves whether environment disrupts normal development, if abnormalities are pre-determined, or if they are products of human evolutionary history which become
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helps autistic children and adults learn everyday skills that help them with daily tasks, such as personal hygiene and movement. These skills are then integrated into their home, school, and work environments. Therapists will oftentimes help patients learn to adapt their environment to their skill
242:
There are also different symptoms at different ages based on developmental milestones. Children between 0 and 36 months with ASD show a lack of eye contact, seem to be deaf, lack a social smile, do not like being touched or held, have unusual sensory behavior and show a lack of imitation. Children
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genes) are found to be potential target genes that get affected in ASD. Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder of the many parts of the brain. Structural changes are observed in the cortex, which controls higher functions, sensation, muscle movements, and memory. Structural defects are seen in the
121:
Young children with communication disorders may not speak at all, or may have a limited vocabulary for their age. Some children with communication disorders have difficulty understanding simple directions or cannot name objects. Most children with communication disorders can speak by the time they
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Counseling and
Psychoeducation - Individuals with ADHD may benefit from counseling sessions that provide a safe space to discuss challenges, develop coping strategies, and improve self-esteem. **Psychoeducation helps individuals and their families understand the nature of ADHD and learn effective
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helps people with autism adapt to different kinds of sensory stimuli. Many children with autism can be oversensitive to certain stimuli, such as lights or sounds, causing them to overreact. Others may not react to certain stimuli, such as someone speaking to them. Many types of therapy activities
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can help those with autism who need to develop or improve communication skills. According to the organization Autism Speaks, “speech-language therapy is designed to coordinate the mechanics of speech with the meaning and social use of speech”. People with low-functioning autism may not be able to
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with the disorder. Many children that have this disorder exhibit poor interpersonal relationships and struggle to fit in socially with their peers. Behavioral study of these children can show a history of other symptoms such as temper tantrums, mood swings, sleep disturbances and aggressiveness.
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that occurs in early childhood. ADHD affects 8 to 11% of children in the school going age. ADHD is characterised by significant levels of hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness. There are three subtypes of ADHD: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive, and combined (which
405:
The effectiveness of the treatment plan depends on the individual's specific challenges and responses to interventions. A collaborative and multidisciplinary approach involving parents, educators, mental health professionals, and healthcare providers is crucial for developing and implementing a
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Medications commonly utilized in the treatment of
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) include stimulants like methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine, as well as non-stimulants such as atomoxetine. These medications can effectively manage ADHD symptoms by targeting neurotransmitter
153:. In his works, he compares developmental disorders in traumatized children to adults with post-traumatic stress disorder, linking extreme environmental stress to the cause of developmental difficulties. Other stress theories suggest that even small stresses can accumulate to result in
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An ASD child's brain grows at a very rapid rate and is almost fully grown by the age of 10. Recent fMRI studies have also found altered connectivity within the social brain areas due to ASD and may be related to the social impairments encountered in ASD.
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communicate with spoken words. Speech-language
Pathologists (SLP) may teach someone how to communicate more effectively with others or work on starting to develop speech patterns. The SLP will create a plan that focuses on what the child needs.
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The cause of ASD is still uncertain. What is known is that a child with ASD has a pervasive problem with how the brain is wired. Genes related to neurotransmitter receptors (serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid ) and CNS structural control
65:
conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas. There are several ways of using this term. The most narrow concept is used in the category "Specific
Disorders of Psychological Development" in the
229:
These are predominantly seen by unresponsiveness in conversations, lesser emotional sharing, inability to initiate conversations, inability to interpret body language, avoidance of eye-contact and difficulty maintaining relationships.
418:(CBT), making environmental changes in noise and visual stimulation are some behavioral management techniques followed. But it has been observed that behavioral therapy alone is less effective than therapy with stimulant drugs alone.
122:
enter school, however, they continue to have problems with communication. School-aged children often have problems understanding and formulating words. Teens may have more difficulty with understanding or expressing abstract ideas.
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level. This type of therapy could help autistic people become more engaged in their environment. An occupational therapist will create a plan based on the patient's needs and desires and work with them to achieve their set goals.
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Lau, Yolanda C.; Hinkley, Leighton B. N.; Bukshpun, Polina; Strominger, Zoe A.; Wakahiro, Mari L. J.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Allison, Carrie; Auyeung, Bonnie; Jeremy, Rita J.; Nagarajan, Srikantan S.; Sherr, Elliott H. (May 2013).
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presents as both hyperactive and inattentive subtypes). ADHD is twice as common in boys than girls but it is seen that the hyperactive/impulsive type is more common in boys while the inattentive type affects both sexes equally.
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Parent
Training - Parents often participate in training programs to learn behavior management techniques. This may involve setting clear expectations, using positive reinforcement, and implementing consistent consequences for
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involve a form of play, such as using swings, toys and trampolines to help engage the patients with sensory stimuli. Therapists will create a plan that focuses on the type of stimulation the person needs integration with.
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have been reported. Careful monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are essential to address and manage any side effects, ensuring the overall effectiveness and well-being of individuals undergoing
393:(IEPs) - In educational settings, IEPs are developed to accommodate the unique learning needs of students with ADHD. This may involve classroom modifications, additional support, and specific teaching strategies.
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that begins in childhood and continues through life. However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability.
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and
Ireland in order to identify if these difficulties had a genetic cause. They found 14 new developmental disorders caused by spontaneous genetic mutations not found in either parent (such as a fault in the
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Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - CBT aims to modify negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with ADHD. It helps individuals develop organizational skills, time management, and problem-solving
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Subbaraju V, Sundaram S, Narasimhan S (2017). "Identification of lateralized compensatory neural activities within the social brain due to autism spectrum disorder in adolescent males".
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Developmental disorders are present from early life onward. Most improve as the child grows older, but some entail impairments that continue throughout life. These disorders differ from
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Austerman J. ADHD and behavioral disorders: Assessment, management, and an update from DSM-5. Cleve Clin J Med. 2015 Nov;82(11 Suppl 1):S2-7. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.82.s1.01. PMID 26555810.
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Non-stimulant
Medications - In cases where stimulants are not suitable or effective, non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) or guanfacine (Intuniv) may be prescribed.
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Behavioral Modification Programs - These programs focus on shaping positive behaviors and reducing impulsive or disruptive behaviors in various settings, including home and school.
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Summers, Jane; Sharami, Ali; Cali, Stefanie; D'Mello, Chantelle; Kako, Milena; Palikucin-Reljin, Andjelka; Savage, Melissa; Shaw, Olivia; Lunsky, Yona (November 2017).
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Matson, Johnny; Hattier, Megan; Belva, Brian (January–March 2012). "Treating adaptive living skills of persons with autism using applied behavior analysis: A review".
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antidepressants may be unhelpful, and could worsen symptoms of ADHD. However ADHD is often misdiagnosed as depression, particularly when no hyperactivity is present.
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McRae, Jeremy F.; Clayton, Stephen; Fitzgerald, Tomas W.; Kaplanis, Joanna; Prigmore, Elena; Rajan, Diana; Sifrim, Alejandro; Aitken, Stuart; Akawi, Nadia (2017).
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successful ADHD management plan. Regular monitoring and adjustments to the treatment plan may be necessary to meet the evolving needs of individuals with ADHD.
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Tripp G, Wickens JR. Neurobiology of ADHD. Neuropharmacology. 2009 Dec;57(7-8):579-89. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026. Epub 2009 Jul 21. PMID 19627998.
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Payne, Kim John. “Simplicity Parenting: Using the Extraordinary Power of Less to Raise Calmer, Happier, and More Secure Kids”, Ballantine Books, 2010, p. 9.
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399:- These plans outline accommodations for students with ADHD in mainstream educational settings, such as extended test-taking time or preferential seating.
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Learning disabilities are often diagnosed when the children are young and just beginning school. Most learning disabilities are found under the age of 9.
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One theory that supports environmental causes of developmental disorders involves stress in early childhood. Researcher and child psychiatrist
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173:). They estimated that about one in 300 children are born with spontaneous genetic mutations associated with rare developmental disorders.
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Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Flemish Day-Care Centers with the Checklist for Early Signs of Developmental Disorders.
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1253:"Self-Injury in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: Exploring the Role of Reactivity to Pain and Sensory Input"
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107:
28:
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142:. The theories vary in the part each factor has to play in normal development, thus affecting how the abnormalities are caused.
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A 2017 study tested all 20,000 genes in about 4,300 families with children with rare developmental difficulties in the
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Communication Disorders. (n.d.). Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, WI, Retrieved December 6, 2011, from
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The symptoms have a wide range of severity. The symptoms of ASD can be broadly categorised as the following:
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Karmiloff Annette (October 1998). "Development itself is key to understanding developmental disorders".
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2238:
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2009:
1987:
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95:
1509:
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1982:
1834:
1115:
688:
150:
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Perry, Bruce D. and Szalavitz, Maia. "The Boy Who Was Raised As A Dog", Basic Books, 2006, p.2.
138:). Normal development occurs with a combination of contributions from both the environment and
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2004:
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1005:
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725:
709:
680:
553:
495:
486:
75:
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255:, but there are several types of therapy effective in easing the symptoms of autism, such as
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1977:
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552:. Dorothy Bishop and Michael Rutter (5th ed.). Blackwell Publishing. pp. 32–33.
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278:
83:
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1512:(1997). "Antidepressants in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder".
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Gotts S. J.; Simmons W. K.; Milbury L. A.; Wallace G. L.; Cox R. W.; Martin A. (2012).
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National, Disabilities Learning (1982). "Learning disabilities: Issues on definition".
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to the individual's specific needs. Here's a breakdown of the different components:
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2331:
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491:
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such as extreme aversion to certain odors or indifference to pain or temperature.
3390:
3365:
3360:
3325:
3013:
2535:
2266:
1997:
1747:
546:
Michael Rutter; Dorothy V. M. Bishop; Daniel S. Pine; et al., eds. (2008).
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954:
191:
The first diagnosed case of ASD was published in 1943 by American psychiatrist
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3018:
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2450:
2151:
1876:
1871:
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1001:
500:
459:
192:
62:
50:
1160:
1009:
845:
772:"Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders"
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2737:
2555:
2014:
1752:
1677:
1269:
158:
1288:
1168:
1151:
1111:
1076:
1058:
1027:
816:
684:
1527:
149:, theorizes that developmental disorders can be caused by early childhood
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3132:
3102:
3008:
2898:
2540:
2210:
2177:
2103:
139:
1552:
798:
641:
428:
1363:"What Treatments are Available for Speech, Language and Motor Issues?"
1103:
3200:
2258:
2073:
1564:
1043:"Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism spectrum disorders"
67:
1463:"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD, ADHD) - Pediatrics"
986:"Autism traits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum"
2036:
584:
955:"Autism: Facts, causes, risk-factors, symptoms, & management"
2950:
443:
3173:
2871:
2826:
2694:
2629:
2481:
2208:
2053:
1963:
1783:
1644:
1601:
1133:
Myers, Scott M.; Johnson, Chris Plauché (1 November 2007).
225:
Persistent issues in social interactions and communications
704:
702:
3169:
846:"Child gene study identifies new developmental disorders"
741:
3296:
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
1447:
Attention Deficit Disorders: School-Based Interventions.
1135:"Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders"
1441:
1439:
1303:"Applied Behavioral Strategies - Getting to Know ABA"
1542:
904:
902:
900:
3761:
3735:
3709:
3678:
3633:
3587:
3484:
3419:
3316:
3273:
3207:
3146:
3080:
3055:
3034:
2999:
2916:
2909:
2798:
2767:
2736:
2715:
2594:
2571:
2525:
2492:
2399:
2366:
2314:
2257:
2248:
2229:
2170:
2102:
2064:
1924:
1899:
1796:
1708:
1655:
1546:
1357:
1355:
1353:
742:"Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) project"
658:
656:
277:(ABA) is considered the most effective therapy for
44:
39:
1195:"Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA): What is ABA?"
920:
918:
310:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
3185:
2883:
1613:
1457:
1455:
990:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
8:
2956:Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
912:Springer Science+Business Media. 1247-1258.
3727:Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale
3192:
3178:
3170:
2913:
2890:
2876:
2868:
2823:
2712:
2691:
2626:
2517:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
2489:
2478:
2254:
2226:
2205:
2061:
2050:
1960:
1793:
1780:
1652:
1641:
1620:
1606:
1598:
1543:
36:
3429:Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
1333:American Occupational Therapy Association
1329:"Occupational Therapy's Role with Autism"
1278:
1268:
1150:
1066:
1017:
806:
90:(ADHD) is included, and the term used is
86:disorders (ASD). In broader definitions,
3434:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
2780:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
2376:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
926:"Autism Spectrum Disorders - Pediatrics"
549:Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
315:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
88:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
3610:Multiple complex developmental disorder
529:
3691:Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
885:from the original on 14 September 2018
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
3098:Learning problems in childhood cancer
1226:Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
875:"Hunting for Autism's Earliest Clues"
642:http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/
7:
80:developmental coordination disorders
3451:Developmental coordination disorder
3042:Developmental coordination disorder
2483:Physiological and physical behavior
1205:from the original on 3 January 2019
1175:from the original on 9 October 2019
748:. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
474:Developmental coordination disorder
251:There is no specific treatment for
2429:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
1823:Emotional and behavioral disorders
1515:The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
131:disorders in modern environments (
25:
3701:Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale
3529:Fetal valproate spectrum disorder
3301:Childhood disintegrative disorder
2609:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
108:Pervasive developmental disorders
3281:Pervasive developmental disorder
2903:specific developmental disorders
1909:X-linked intellectual disability
1092:European Journal of Neuroscience
29:Pervasive developmental disorder
1738:Intermittent explosive disorder
1663:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
1473:from the original on 2021-06-05
1467:MSD Manual Professional Edition
1425:from the original on 2022-09-20
1413:Smith, M; Segal, J; Hutman, T.
1373:from the original on 2015-12-22
1339:from the original on 2019-01-03
1309:from the original on 2015-10-07
965:from the original on 2019-10-30
936:from the original on 2019-10-31
930:MSD Manual Professional Edition
856:from the original on 2019-04-17
826:from the original on 2019-04-27
752:from the original on 2019-10-19
595:from the original on 2010-10-09
566:from the original on 2009-04-28
257:Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
72:developmental language disorder
3722:Childhood Autism Spectrum Test
3047:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
3024:Disorder of written expression
2966:Speech and language impairment
2381:Dissociative identity disorder
1646:Adult personality and behavior
391:Individualized Education Plans
373:Pharmaceutical Interventions:
283:American Academy of Pediatrics
234:Repetitive behavioral patterns
182:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
1:
3696:Childhood Autism Rating Scale
3554:PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
3444:obsessive–compulsive disorder
3376:Pathological demand avoidance
3260:Societal and cultural aspects
1392:"Speech and Language Therapy"
677:10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01230-3
344:Psychological Interventions:
3795:Neurodevelopmental disorders
3063:Auditory processing disorder
2961:Specific language impairment
2931:Expressive language disorder
2785:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
2322:Generalized anxiety disorder
2055:Neurological and symptomatic
1700:Sexual relationship disorder
844:Walsh, Fergus (2017-01-25).
665:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
469:Auditory processing disorder
416:cognitive behavioral therapy
92:neurodevelopmental disorders
3686:Autism Diagnostic Interview
3466:Sensory processing disorder
3331:Autism and LGBTQ identities
3068:Sensory processing disorder
2561:REM sleep behavior disorder
2030:Seasonal affective disorder
1828:Separation anxiety disorder
1415:"Autism Spectrum Disorders"
387:Educational Interventions:
319:neurodevelopmental disorder
303:Sensory integration therapy
275:Applied behavioral analysis
269:Sensory integration therapy
70:. These disorders comprise
3816:
3800:Developmental disabilities
3574:Tuberous sclerosis complex
3564:Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
3539:MECP2 duplication syndrome
3519:Cornelia de Lange syndrome
3471:Global developmental delay
2828:Symptoms and uncategorized
1929:developmental disabilities
1695:Sexual maturation disorder
1238:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.008
359:Behavioral Interventions:
199:Abnormalities in the brain
147:Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D
26:
3643:Facilitated communication
3494:22q11.2 deletion syndrome
2833:
2822:
2790:Simple-type schizophrenia
2759:Schizophreniform disorder
2711:
2690:
2643:
2625:
2488:
2477:
2225:
2204:
2137:Mild cognitive impairment
2122:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
2060:
2049:
2020:Major depressive disorder
1973:
1959:
1925:Psychological development
1792:
1779:
1651:
1640:
1002:10.1007/s10803-012-1653-2
414:Sessions of counselling,
279:Autism spectrum disorders
253:autism spectrum disorders
3717:Autism-spectrum quotient
3544:Neurofibromatosis type I
3113:Multisensory integration
2941:Landau–Kleffner syndrome
2838:Impulse-control disorder
2754:Schizoaffective disorder
2749:Brief reactive psychosis
2446:Mass psychogenic illness
2409:Body dysmorphic disorder
2188:Post-concussion syndrome
1798:Emotional and behavioral
1449:Pennsylvania: Bethlehem.
1445:Tresco, Katy E. (2004).
518:Developmental disability
27:Not to be confused with
3648:Lancet MMR autism fraud
3600:Critical autism studies
3499:22q13 deletion syndrome
3461:Intellectual disability
3411:Emotional dysregulation
3308:High-functioning autism
2775:Childhood schizophrenia
2127:Frontotemporal dementia
2084:High-functioning autism
1901:Intellectual disability
1327:Crabtree, Lisa (2018).
1270:10.3390/brainsci7110140
506:Intellectual disability
465:Communication disorders
296:Speech-language therapy
261:Speech-language therapy
135:evolutionary psychiatry
59:Developmental disorders
18:Developmental disorders
3658:Rapid prompting method
3605:Double empathy problem
3595:Autism rights movement
3108:Management of dyslexia
2292:Specific social phobia
2183:Organic brain syndrome
2025:Melancholic depression
1786:Childhood and learning
1396:Autism Education Trust
1152:10.1542/peds.2007-2362
908:Dereu, Mieke. (2010).
348:management techniques.
40:Developmental disorder
3743:Autism-related topics
3317:Associated conditions
2981:Speech sound disorder
2848:Psychomotor agitation
2638:and substance-related
2581:Postpartum depression
2461:Somatization disorder
2347:Acute stress reaction
2112:AIDS dementia complex
881:. 18 September 2013.
456:Learning disabilities
94:. Yet others include
3748:Fictional characters
3486:Associated syndromes
3159:People with dyslexia
2843:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
2673:Substance dependence
2586:Postpartum psychosis
2132:Huntington's disease
1914:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
1763:Personality disorder
1059:10.1093/brain/aws160
289:Occupational therapy
265:Occupational therapy
61:comprise a group of
3625:Violence and autism
3421:Comorbid conditions
3154:Dyslexia in fiction
3128:Reading acquisition
3001:Learning disability
2723:Delusional disorder
2668:Stimulant psychosis
2658:Physical dependence
2512:Rumination syndrome
2414:Conversion disorder
2391:Psychogenic amnesia
2241:with depressed mood
2239:Adjustment disorder
2142:Parkinson's disease
2117:Alzheimer's disease
2010:Atypical depression
1846:Social functioning
1721:Munchausen syndrome
1716:Factitious disorder
1522:(Suppl 14): 14–29.
799:10.1038/nature21062
791:2017Natur.542..433M
96:antisocial behavior
3534:Fragile X syndrome
3341:Autistic catatonia
2742:schizophrenia-like
2386:Dissociative fugue
1835:Movement disorders
1199:Autism partnership
647:2012-04-26 at the
410:Behavioral therapy
76:learning disorders
3782:
3781:
3679:Diagnostic scales
3579:Williams syndrome
3504:Angelman syndrome
3386:Special interests
3351:Autistic meltdown
3291:Asperger syndrome
3167:
3166:
3088:Dyslexia research
3076:
3075:
2991:Tip of the tongue
2946:Language disorder
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2686:
2685:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2362:
2361:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2157:Vascular dementia
2079:Asperger syndrome
2045:
2044:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1889:Tourette syndrome
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1595:
1594:
1104:10.1111/ejn.13634
785:(7642): 433–438.
714:978-0-465-05653-8
559:978-1-4051-4549-7
496:Tourette syndrome
487:Williams syndrome
479:Genetic disorders
335:Treatment options
157:, behavioral, or
56:
55:
34:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3807:
3774:Sensory friendly
3710:Screening scales
3569:Timothy syndrome
3476:Verbal Dyspraxia
3439:Anxiety disorder
3371:Nonverbal autism
3346:Autistic masking
3336:Autistic burnout
3194:
3187:
3180:
3171:
2936:Infantile speech
2918:Speech, language
2914:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2869:
2824:
2713:
2692:
2627:
2502:Anorexia nervosa
2490:
2479:
2456:Psychogenic pain
2424:Globus pharyngis
2272:Childhood phobia
2255:
2227:
2206:
2062:
2051:
1961:
1860:Selective mutism
1811:Conduct disorder
1794:
1781:
1758:Trichotillomania
1733:Gender dysphoria
1728:Fear of intimacy
1685:Sexual anhedonia
1653:
1642:
1629:Mental disorders
1622:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1544:
1532:
1531:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1459:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:. Archived from
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1359:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1201:. 16 June 2011.
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1154:
1145:(5): 1162–1182.
1130:
1124:
1123:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1053:(9): 2711–2725.
1038:
1032:
1031:
1021:
996:(5): 1106–1118.
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
922:
913:
906:
895:
894:
892:
890:
871:
865:
864:
862:
861:
841:
835:
834:
832:
831:
825:
810:
776:
767:
761:
760:
758:
757:
738:
732:
722:
716:
706:
697:
696:
660:
651:
638:
623:
622:
610:
604:
603:
601:
600:
581:
575:
574:
572:
571:
543:
377:impulse control.
159:social disorders
37:
21:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3769:Autism-friendly
3757:
3731:
3705:
3674:
3629:
3583:
3549:Noonan syndrome
3509:CHARGE syndrome
3480:
3415:
3381:Savant syndrome
3318:
3312:
3269:
3250:Pathophysiology
3203:
3198:
3168:
3163:
3142:
3118:Neuropsychology
3072:
3051:
3030:
2995:
2971:Speech disorder
2921:
2905:
2896:
2866:
2857:
2829:
2810:
2794:
2763:
2741:
2732:
2707:
2682:
2639:
2636:substance abuse
2613:
2590:
2567:
2521:
2507:Bulimia nervosa
2484:
2465:
2441:Hypochondriasis
2436:False pregnancy
2419:Ganser syndrome
2401:Somatic symptom
2395:
2358:
2310:
2299:Specific phobia
2244:
2221:
2192:
2166:
2098:
2094:Savant syndrome
2066:Autism spectrum
2056:
2041:
1969:
1947:
1926:
1920:
1895:
1788:
1767:
1743:Dermatillomania
1704:
1690:Sexual anorexia
1647:
1636:
1626:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1555:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1040:
1039:
1035:
982:
981:
977:
968:
966:
953:
952:
948:
939:
937:
924:
923:
916:
907:
898:
888:
886:
873:
872:
868:
859:
857:
843:
842:
838:
829:
827:
823:
774:
769:
768:
764:
755:
753:
740:
739:
735:
723:
719:
707:
700:
671:(10): 389–398.
662:
661:
654:
649:Wayback Machine
639:
626:
612:
611:
607:
598:
596:
583:
582:
578:
569:
567:
560:
545:
544:
531:
526:
514:
452:
450:Other disorders
438:ADHD treatments
424:
412:
337:
328:
312:
249:
236:
227:
219:
201:
189:
184:
179:
128:
116:
84:autism spectrum
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3762:Accommodations
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3620:TEACCH program
3617:
3615:Neurodiversity
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3588:Related issues
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:Cohen syndrome
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3286:Classic autism
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3255:Sex and gender
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3138:Writing system
3135:
3130:
3125:
3123:Neurodiversity
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3081:Related topics
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2695:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2663:Rebound effect
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2604:Hypersexuality
2600:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2339:
2337:Panic disorder
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2304:Claustrophobia
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:Anthropophobia
2279:
2277:Social anxiety
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2223:
2222:
2209:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:Pick's disease
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1633:Classification
1627:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1569:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:Classification
1540:
1539:External links
1537:
1534:
1533:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1451:
1435:
1405:
1402:on 2018-03-25.
1383:
1349:
1319:
1294:
1243:
1232:(1): 271–276.
1216:
1186:
1125:
1098:(6): 631–642.
1082:
1033:
975:
961:. 2018-06-25.
946:
914:
896:
866:
836:
762:
733:
717:
698:
652:
624:
621:(11): 945–947.
605:
576:
558:
528:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
513:
510:
509:
508:
503:
498:
489:
476:
471:
462:
451:
448:
423:
420:
411:
408:
403:
402:
401:
400:
394:
384:
383:
382:
381:
378:
370:
369:
368:
367:
364:
356:
355:
354:
353:
349:
336:
333:
327:
324:
311:
308:
248:
245:
235:
232:
226:
223:
218:
215:
200:
197:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
151:traumatization
127:
124:
115:
112:
54:
53:
48:
42:
41:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3812:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3635:Controversies
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:Rett syndrome
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:Down syndrome
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3441:
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2648:Drug overdose
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1367:Autism Speaks
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879:Autism Speaks
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492:Tic disorders
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483:Down syndrome
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161:in children.
160:
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152:
148:
143:
141:
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119:
113:
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109:
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101:
100:schizophrenia
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73:
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64:
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38:
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3235:Heritability
3225:Epidemiology
2976:Speech error
2901:and related
2728:Folie Ă deux
2653:Intoxication
2634:substances,
2632:Psychoactive
2551:Night terror
2368:Dissociative
2332:Panic attack
1884:Tic disorder
1571:
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1519:
1513:
1510:C. W. Popper
1504:
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1475:. Retrieved
1466:
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1366:
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548:
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425:
422:Drug therapy
413:
404:
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313:
301:
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241:
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220:
211:
205:
202:
190:
163:
144:
132:
129:
120:
117:
105:
58:
57:
3653:MMR vaccine
3391:Infodumping
3366:Monotropism
3361:Late talker
3326:Alexithymia
3230:Epigenetics
3014:Dyscalculia
2701:schizotypal
2536:Hypersomnia
2526:Nonorganic
2267:Agoraphobia
1998:Cyclothymia
1993:Bipolar NOS
1968:(affective)
1840:Stereotypic
1748:Kleptomania
1263:(11): 140.
63:psychiatric
3789:Categories
3663:Thiomersal
3406:Echopraxia
3356:Hyperlexia
3019:Dysgraphia
2986:Stuttering
2910:Conditions
2853:Stereotypy
2716:Delusional
2705:delusional
2678:Withdrawal
2546:Parasomnia
2451:Nosophobia
2231:Adjustment
2219:somatoform
2152:Sundowning
2005:Depression
1988:Bipolar II
1877:Stuttering
1872:Cluttering
1668:Paraphilia
1477:2019-10-30
1429:2022-09-17
1377:2015-12-16
1343:2022-09-17
1313:2015-12-16
1139:Pediatrics
969:2019-10-30
940:2019-10-30
860:2017-01-27
830:2019-07-05
756:2017-01-27
599:2013-02-05
589:priory.com
570:2013-02-05
524:References
501:Stuttering
481:, such as
460:Dysgraphia
458:, such as
433:depression
352:abilities.
193:Leo Kanner
171:CDK13 gene
51:Psychiatry
3668:Chelation
3401:Echolalia
3274:Diagnoses
3265:Therapies
3220:Diagnosis
2806:Catatonia
2738:Psychosis
2573:Postnatal
2556:Nightmare
2162:Wandering
2015:Dysthymia
1983:Bipolar I
1938:Pervasive
1753:Pyromania
1678:Voyeurism
1673:Fetishism
1568:: F80-F84
1419:HelpGuide
1257:Brain Sci
1209:24 August
1179:24 August
1161:0031-4005
1010:0162-3257
889:3 October
397:504 Plans
363:behavior.
247:Treatment
187:Diagnosis
155:emotional
114:Emergence
46:Specialty
3456:Epilepsy
3396:Stimming
3133:Spelling
3103:Literacy
3009:Dyslexia
2899:Dyslexia
2541:Insomnia
2211:Neurotic
2178:Delirium
2104:Dementia
1943:Specific
1471:Archived
1423:Archived
1371:Archived
1337:Archived
1307:Archived
1289:29072583
1203:Archived
1173:Archived
1169:17967921
1112:28661076
1077:22791801
1028:23054201
963:Archived
934:Archived
883:Archived
854:Archived
850:BBC News
821:Archived
817:28135719
750:Archived
693:38117177
685:21227254
645:Archived
593:Archived
585:"ICD 10"
564:Archived
512:See also
494:such as
429:feelings
326:Symptoms
217:Symptoms
140:genetics
3753:Schools
3240:History
3056:Sensory
2250:Anxiety
2089:PDD-NOS
1978:Bipolar
1631: (
1528:9418743
1280:5704147
1120:4306986
1068:3437021
1019:3625480
808:6016744
787:Bibcode
281:by the
3245:Memory
3215:Causes
3201:Autism
2920:, and
2494:Eating
2342:Stress
2259:Phobia
2215:stress
2074:Autism
1867:Speech
1656:Sexual
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959:FactDr
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805:
779:Nature
728:
712:
691:
683:
556:
126:Causes
82:, and
68:ICD-10
3736:Lists
3147:Lists
3035:Motor
2799:Other
2528:sleep
2315:Other
2171:Other
2037:Mania
1709:Other
1116:S2CID
1047:Brain
824:(PDF)
775:(PDF)
689:S2CID
317:is a
177:Types
3208:Main
2951:Lisp
2703:and
2352:PTSD
1966:Mood
1806:ADHD
1577:9-CM
1524:PMID
1285:PMID
1211:2019
1181:2019
1165:PMID
1157:ISSN
1108:PMID
1073:PMID
1024:PMID
1006:ISSN
891:2016
813:PMID
726:ISBN
710:ISBN
681:PMID
615:Asha
554:ISBN
467:and
444:SSRI
133:see
98:and
2740:and
2327:OCD
1855:RAD
1850:DAD
1816:ODD
1586:315
1582:299
1573:ICD
1561:ICD
1275:PMC
1265:doi
1234:doi
1147:doi
1143:120
1100:doi
1063:PMC
1055:doi
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1014:PMC
998:doi
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673:doi
485:or
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