214:
58:
103:). Radiation increases the probability that dicentric chromosomes form after every mitotic event, creating physical bridges between them in anaphase and telophase. As these chromosomes are pulled apart, the chromosome bridges break, resulting in the formation of "tailed" nuclei, protrusions of the nuclei into the cytoplasm.
82:
and crossover occurs. If a paracentric inversion has occurred, one of the products will be acentric, while the other product will be dicentric. The dicentric chromatid is pulled apart during anaphase of meiosis I with such force that the chromosome breaks at random positions. These broken fragments
909:
Monroy, Nancy; LĂłpez, Marisol; Cervantes, Alicia; GarcĂa-Cruz, Diana; Zafra, Gildardo; CanĂșn, Sonia; Zenteno, Juan Carlos; Kofman-Alfaro, Susana (2002-01-22). "Microsatellite analysis in Turner syndrome: Parental origin of X chromosomes and possible mechanism of formation of abnormal chromosomes".
761:
Bhavani, M.; Tamizh Selvan, G.; Kaur, Harpreet; Adhikari, J. S.; Vijayalakshmi, J.; Venkatachalam, P.; Chaudhury, N. K. (2014-09-01). "Dicentric chromosome aberration analysis using giemsa and centromere specific fluorescence in-situ hybridization for biological dosimetry: An inter- and
28:. It is formed through the fusion of two chromosome segments, each with a centromere, resulting in the loss of acentric fragments (lacking a centromere) and the formation of dicentric fragments. The formation of dicentric chromosomes has been attributed to genetic processes, such as
242:
Dicentric chromosomes may lead to pseudodicentric mutations, in which one of the centromeres on the chromosome becomes inactivated. This can have severe clinical consequences for patients, as observed in severe progressive neurological and intellectual disorders such as
201:. This technique allows for the testing of human blood samples and tissue samples, which have been historically adopted by radiation laboratories. C-banding is a staining technique that can be used to visualize dicentric chromosomes. It specifically stains
854:
Gravholt, Claus HĂžjbjerg; Bugge, Merete; StrĂžmkjĂŠr, Helle; Caprani, Monna; Henriques, Ulrik; Petersen, Michael B.; Brandt, Carsten A. (1997-07-01). "A patient with
Edwards syndrome caused by a rare pseudodicentric chromosome 18 of paternal origin".
61:
After a paracentric inversion, separation of the inverted chromosomes in anaphase I result in the formation of dicentric and acentric fragments. The dicentric fragments become broken, deleted products. The acentric fragments are simply
225:
The existence of dicentric chromosomes has clinically relevant consequences for individuals, which may live with intellectual, neurological and physical disabilities. Tailed nuclei are signatures of radiation exposure in human tissue,
94:
is known to induce abnormalities in the nuclei of cells. Dicentric chromosomes were first detected in lymphocytes from blood smears of civil and military personnel who were assigned to deal with the aftermath of the 1986
264:, a loss (or partial loss) of the X chromosome. Pseudodicentric chromosomes alone do not define these syndromes, because the contribution of other chromosomal abnormalities are also considered, such as the presence of
70:, which are rotations in regions of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakages or intra-chromosomal recombinations. Inversions that exclude the centromere are known as paracentric inversions, which result in unbalanced
83:
result in deletions of genes that lead to genetically unbalanced gametes. This can have severe consequences, contributing to the development of genetic disorders such as Kabuki syndrome and
Edwards syndrome.
498:
Anbumani, S.; Mohankumar, Mary N. (2015-08-12). "Nucleoplasmic bridges and tailed nuclei are signatures of radiation exposure in
Oreochromis mossambicus using erythrocyte micronucleus cytome assay (EMNCA)".
251:
disorder. Kabuki syndrome is one of the most widely studied syndromes that involve the pseudodicentric chromosome. Other characterized syndromes have also been linked to pseudodicentric chromosomes, such as
36:
Dicentric chromosomes have important roles in the mitotic stability of chromosomes and the formation of pseudodicentric chromosomes. Their existence has been linked to certain natural phenomena such as
197:(C-banding). FISH involves the use of fluorescent probes to detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, and centromere-specific probes can be used to measure dicentric chromosome
213:
663:
Torres, Eduardo M.; Dephoure, Noah; Panneerselvam, Amudha; Tucker, Cheryl M.; Whittaker, Charles A.; Gygi, Steven P.; Dunham, Maitreya J.; Amon, Angelika (2010-01-10).
723:
Lefort, Genevieve; et al. (2002). "Stable dicentric duplicationâdeficiency chromosome 14 resulting from crossingâover within a maternal paracentric inversion".
454:
Kravtsov, V. Yu; Fedortseva, R. F; Starkova, Ye. V; Yartseva, N. M; Nikiforov, A. M (2000-05-15). "Tailed nuclei and dicentric chromosomes in irradiated subjects".
115:
of chromosomes shorten with continued cell divisions, the chromosome ends may also fuse, forming dicentric chromosomes. This is considered "crisis", a type of
177:
that tolerate aneuploidy can stabilize products of broken chromosomes during proliferation, which can be recovered and studied in a laboratory setting.
337:
190:
373:
799:"Alternate centromere inactivation in a pseudodicentric (15;20)(pter;pter) associated with a progressive neurological disorder"
57:
202:
45:. The formation of dicentric chromosomes and their implications on centromere function are studied in certain clinical
132:
29:
158:
124:
230:, and aquatic invertebrates from the wake of recent nuclear disasters. Additionally, they are used as potential
149:
797:
Rivera, H.; Zuffardi, O.; Maraschio, P.; Caiulo, A.; Anichini, C.; Scarinci, R.; Vivarelli, R. (1989-10-01).
297:
185:
Centromere function has been the focus of many laboratory analyses, involving techniques like fluorescence
100:
277:
116:
79:
67:
33:
959:
248:
128:
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532:
96:
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702:
684:
642:
584:
576:
524:
516:
471:
429:
369:
333:
292:
38:
400:"Kabuki syndrome-like features in monozygotic twin boys with a pseudodicentric chromosome 13"
919:
864:
826:
810:
771:
732:
692:
676:
632:
622:
566:
508:
463:
419:
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162:
42:
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DNA. Broken chromosomes that lead to acentric and dicentric fragments can be studied in
868:
831:
798:
697:
664:
637:
424:
399:
144:
571:
554:
467:
364:
Hartwell, Leland; Hood, Leeroy; Goldberg, Michael; Reynolds, Ann; Lee, Silver (2011).
953:
265:
892:
536:
775:
611:"Meiotic and mitotic behavior of dicentric chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
287:
194:
46:
610:
221:) in irradiated cells are considered biomarkers of dicentric chromosome formation.
627:
157:
as a classical genetic system dates back to the 1950s due to its feasibility in
680:
512:
328:
Nussbaum, Robert; McInnes, Roderick; Willard, Huntington; Hamosh, Ada (2007).
227:
170:
25:
21:
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120:
91:
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123:. The resulting dicentric chromosomes are highly unstable, giving rise to
736:
415:
282:
112:
41:
and have been documented to underlie certain clinical syndromes, notably
135:. This results in broken, deleted gene products of dicentric fragments.
923:
257:
75:
234:
to screen for certain genetic syndromes present in human populations.
71:
205:, which are regions of the chromosome at or near the centromere.
553:
Boukamp, Petra; Popp, Susanne; Krunic, Damir (2005-11-01).
559:
609:
Haber, James; Thorburn, Patricia; Rogers, David (1983).
762:
intra-laboratory comparison in Indian laboratories".
66:
Most dicentric chromosomes are known to form through
665:"Identification of Aneuploidy-Tolerating Mutations"
173:, an abnormal number of chromosomes. Strains of
8:
555:"Telomere-Dependent Chromosomal Instability"
501:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
330:Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine
332:. Philadelphia(PA): Saunders. p. 72.
830:
696:
636:
626:
570:
423:
212:
56:
309:
756:
754:
119:, and most cells in this state suffer
904:
902:
169:due to its known ability to tolerate
143:Dicentric chromosomes are studied in
7:
912:American Journal of Medical Genetics
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869:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02515.x
398:Lynch, Sally; et al. (1995).
366:Genetics From Genes to Genomes, 4e
74:after meiosis. During prophase of
14:
572:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.200401.x
217:The presence of "tailed" nuclei (
78:, homologous chromosomes form an
131:and amplifications, such as the
776:10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.06.004
764:Applied Radiation and Isotopes
456:Applied Radiation and Isotopes
1:
468:10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00057-9
203:constitutive heterochromatin
803:Journal of Medical Genetics
238:Pseudodicentric chromosomes
976:
681:10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.038
628:10.1093/genetics/106.2.185
133:Robertsonian translocation
125:chromosomal translocations
97:Chernobyl nuclear disaster
30:Robertsonian translocation
513:10.1007/s11356-015-5107-1
368:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
621:(106:185â205): 185â205.
150:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
410:(32:227â230): 227â230.
298:Intellectual disorders
260:of chromosome 18, and
222:
68:chromosomal inversions
63:
34:paracentric inversion.
815:10.1136/jmg.26.10.626
278:Chromosomal inversion
216:
60:
737:10.1002/ajmg.b.10720
416:10.1136/jmg.32.3.227
268:in Turner patients.
18:dicentric chromosome
507:(23): 18425â18436.
195:chromosomal banding
924:10.1002/ajmg.10113
223:
64:
857:Clinical Genetics
725:Am. J. Med. Genet
339:978-1-4160-3080-5
293:Nuclear radiation
117:cell cycle arrest
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462:(5): 1121â1127.
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254:Edwards syndrome
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809:(10): 626â630.
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262:Turner syndrome
245:Kabuki syndrome
211:
189:hybridization (
147:such as yeast (
145:model organisms
141:
55:
43:Kabuki syndrome
20:is an abnormal
12:
11:
5:
973:
971:
963:
962:
952:
951:
946:
945:
918:(3): 181â189.
898:
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731:(4): 333â338.
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273:
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266:isochromosomes
247:, a pediatric
210:
207:
159:transformation
153:). The use of
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137:
80:inversion loop
54:
51:
49:laboratories.
13:
10:
9:
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404:J. Med. Genet
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375:9780073525266
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175:S. cerevisiae
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167:S. cerevisiae
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155:S. cerevisiae
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911:
863:(1): 56â60.
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724:
675:(1): 71â83.
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668:
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565:(2): 89â94.
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329:
288:Cytogenetics
241:
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209:Consequences
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181:Cytogenetics
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139:Applications
110:
106:
105:
90:
86:
85:
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47:cytogenetics
17:
15:
960:Chromosomes
199:frequencies
163:recombinant
101:liquidators
87:Irradiation
39:irradiation
26:centromeres
304:References
249:congenital
232:biomarkers
228:microbiota
171:aneuploidy
22:chromosome
932:1096-8628
877:1399-0004
823:1468-6244
770:: 85â90.
689:0092-8674
581:1087-0024
521:0944-1344
283:Telomeres
129:deletions
121:apoptosis
113:telomeres
107:Telomeres
92:Radiation
76:meiosis I
53:Formation
24:with two
954:Category
940:11807897
893:41523372
784:25014548
745:12457404
707:20850176
615:Genetics
589:16358816
537:21454141
529:26263884
476:10836416
272:See also
885:9272714
841:2685311
832:1015713
698:2993244
647:6321297
638:1202251
434:7783176
425:1050324
258:trisomy
187:in situ
72:gametes
938:
930:
891:
883:
875:
839:
829:
821:
782:
743:
705:
695:
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645:
635:
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579:
535:
527:
519:
474:
432:
422:
372:
336:
193:) and
889:S2CID
533:S2CID
111:When
62:lost.
936:PMID
928:ISSN
881:PMID
873:ISSN
837:PMID
819:ISSN
780:PMID
741:PMID
703:PMID
685:ISSN
669:Cell
643:PMID
585:PMID
577:ISSN
525:PMID
517:ISSN
472:PMID
430:PMID
370:ISBN
334:ISBN
256:, a
191:FISH
32:and
920:doi
916:107
865:doi
827:PMC
811:doi
772:doi
733:doi
729:113
693:PMC
677:doi
673:143
633:PMC
623:doi
619:106
567:doi
509:doi
464:doi
420:PMC
412:doi
161:by
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859:.
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219:B
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