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306:, and has a strict live animal diet, consisting mostly of insects. Due to human intervention in the forest of South-east Asia, Dian's tarsier tends to adapt its ranging behavior based on the degree of human intervention. Slightly disturbed habitats have been shown to have little effect on the Dian's tarsier, but with larger disturbances, the habitat is less suitable.
525:, protecting sleeping sites and preserving forest undergrowth would allow Dian's tarsier to live in a habitat with low levels of degradation. Better public knowledge that Dian's tarsier does not eat cash crops and instead eats insects, as well as reducing the use of chemical pesticides, would also help.
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This species is most active after dusk and before dawn. After dusk, Dian's tarsiers leave the sleeping sites they use during the day, traverse completely their home range, and go hunt for food in their home range at night where they will be more stationary during hunting and eating. Before dawn, duet
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which are more common in degraded habitats. Members of the same group will sleep in the same site during the day. Typically, groups will return to the same sleeping site night after night, though they can change site, particularly if the area was disturbed. Some groups have been seen using two or
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will be made, other options include long notes. The pitch increases towards the end of the song. The male will sing at the same time as his mate. He sings a rapid series of notes that start with a low pitch and end in a high pitch. Songs have a median close to one minute in length. The end of the
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Home ranges of females in low and moderate levels of human disturbed habitat are smaller than in undisturbed habitat. Home ranges in habitats heavily disturbed by humans are larger than in all other habitats. Researchers hypothesize that this is due to the increased number of insects in slightly
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The weight of adult Dian's tarsier ranges from 100 to 150 grams. This species is characterized by a greyish buff color to their wooly fur, a black spot is present on each side of the nose and white-colored fur appears on the middle lower lip and on both sides of the upper lip.
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of mated males and females pairs overlap. There is slight overlap between the home ranges of different groups. The male home range is slightly larger than the female's in undisturbed habitat with average home ranges sizes of 1.77 hectares and 1.58 hectares respectively.
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Population density is the highest by far in undisturbed habitat at 57.1 groups/km. All levels of disturbed habitat where Dian's tarsiers are found show similar population densities (32.9 groups/km-38.0 groups/km), with heavily disturbed habitats showing the lowest.
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disturbed habitat. This slightly disturbed habitat has more canopy openings which may attract more insects. The largest home ranges are in the most disturbed habitats, these also have the least insects, likely due to the use of pesticides in plantations.
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Dian's tarsier is found in the primary rainforest of the lower mountains of central
Sulawesi. It can also be found in habitat modified (disturbed) by humans such as secondary forests with logging, agroforestry or intensive agriculture.
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vocalisation signals to other members of the group to return to the sleeping site. Dian's tarsiers can travel more than 100 meters to reach their sleeping site in under 15 minutes before dawn. They use forest undergrowth to move.
1071:
Supriatna, Jatna; Shekelle, Myron; Fuad, Habiburrahman A. H.; Winarni, Nurul L.; Dwiyahreni, Asri A.; Farid, Muhammad; Mariati, Sri; Margules, Chris; Prakoso, Bimo; Zakaria, Zuliyanto (2020-12-01).
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Nightly paths lengths are similar in males and females in undisturbed habitat. Female path length increases with increased human disturbance of the habitat. Since nightly path length is related to
478:, such as cocoa and coffee, all plants that are not native to the area. Between 2000 and 2017, the Dian's tarsier lost 10% of its total forest habitat and 4% of its protected forest habitat.
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Groups can range from two to seven individuals. Each group is composed of one adult male paired with one to three adult females and their offspring, which can be male and female juveniles.
513:, Dian's tarsiers expend more energy in more disturbed habitats. Females typically cover more of their home range in one night in low and moderate levels of disturbance in their habitats.
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trees are the preferred sleeping site for Dian's tarsier. The individuals will sleep in crevices or opening in the tree. Although this species is also able to sleep in
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songs have more and irregularly spaced time between notes. These calls are specific to this species of tarsiers, as no other species of tarsiers responded to them.
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Females of this species typically give birth to one child per year. Reproduction does not appear to vary by season. Dian's tarsiers use infant parking.
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more regular sites. Sleeping sites are typically located on the boundary of the home range, possibly to renew the scent of animals on their territory.
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287:. Its head-body length is 11.5–12 centimetres (4.5–4.7 in) and it has a tail of 22 centimetres (8.7 in). Dian's tarsier lives in
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Dian's tarsier species is in decline. The lowest population density found in 1998 was the highest population density found in 2000-2001.
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892:"Relative Population Density of Tarsius diane in Man-Influenced Habitats of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia"
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969:"Responding to forest degradation: altered habitat use by Dian's tarsier Tarsius dianae in Sulawesi, Indonesia"
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morning duet vocalization. The majority of duet calls are started by the female. The female starts with a high
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deteriorate the Dian's tarsier habitat. Other commercial avenues used on this land include: bamboo and
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705:"Habitat-specific ranging patterns of Dian's tarsiers (Tarsius dianae) as revealed by radiotracking"
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rapid series of notes. The pitch lowers towards the middle of the song where most commonly a
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Miller, GS; Hollister, N (1921). "Twenty new mammals collected by H.C.Raven in
Celebes".
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Yustian, Indra; Marker, Stefan; Supriatna, Jatna; Andayani, Noviar (2008).
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Dian's tarsier was named in 1991 in honor of the Roman goddess of hunting
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784:"Tarsius dianae: A New Primate Species from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia)"
641:"Tarsius dianae: A New Primate Species from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia)"
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558:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 127.
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Maintaining forest habitat by stopping illegal logging, practicing
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It is highly adapted to vertical clinging and leaping, like other
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Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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Merker, Stefan (2010), Gursky, Sharon; Supriatna, Jatna (eds.),
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Niemitz, C.; Nietsch, A.; Warter, S.; Rumpler, Y. (1991-02-14).
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Niemitz, C.; Nietsch, A.; Warter, S.; Rumpler, Y. (1991-02-14).
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First claimed as a new species by Miller and
Hollister in 1921.
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Merker, Stefan; Yustian, Indra; Mühlenberg, Michael (2005).
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In
Sulawesi, including in national parks such as the
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Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington
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918:"The Population Ecology of Dian's Tarsier"
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1133:images and movies of the diana tarsier
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1697:Taxa named by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr.
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840:International Journal of Primatology
601:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
249:, Nietsch, Water, and Rumpler, 1991
434:Dian's tarsier eats most commonly
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834:Nietsch, Alexandra (1999-08-01).
482:Adaptation to habitat degradation
1662:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
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1077:Global Ecology and Conservation
709:American Journal of Primatology
458:Reasons for habitat degradation
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41:in Morowali Nature Preserve,
930:10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3_21
1702:Taxa named by Ned Hollister
1313:Gursky's spectral tarsier (
1098:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01205
474:logging, and plantation of
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1672:Endemic fauna of Indonesia
1692:Mammals described in 1921
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1171:Extant species of family
986:10.1017/S0030605305000438
291:. It was formerly called
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1687:Vulnerable fauna of Asia
552:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
464:Lore Lindu National Park
329:Physical characteristics
852:10.1023/A:1020342807709
703:Merker, Stefan (2006).
896:Asian Primates Journal
1682:Primates of Indonesia
1621:Paleobiology Database
1349:Siau Island tarsier (
1253:Horsfield's tarsier (
608:: e.T21489A17977790.
267:), also known as the
228:Dian's tarsier range
1229:Philippine tarsier (
590:Shekelle, M (2020).
1677:Mammals of Sulawesi
1376:Niemitz's tarsier (
1358:Wallace's tarsier (
1315:T. spectrumgurskyae
1089:2020GEcoC..2401205S
1022:Folia Primatologica
922:Indonesian Primates
788:Folia Primatologica
645:Folia Primatologica
505:Nightly path length
393:This species shows
51:Conservation status
1367:Makassar tarsier (
1277:Spectral tarsier (
511:energy expenditure
395:sexually dimorphic
16:Species of primate
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1322:Jatna's tarsier (
1295:Lariang tarsier (
1034:10.1159/000052742
939:978-1-4419-1559-7
800:10.1159/000156534
721:10.1002/ajp.20210
657:10.1159/000156534
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191:Binomial name
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1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1278:
1266:
1255:Ce. bancanus
1254:
1242:
1231:Ca. syrichta
1230:
1218:
1134:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1025:
1021:
1011:
976:
972:
943:, retrieved
921:
899:
895:
843:
839:
791:
787:
763:
759:
753:
712:
708:
648:
644:
619:. Retrieved
605:
599:
593:
554:
523:agroforestry
520:
508:
499:
490:
461:
453:
450:Conservation
440:grasshoppers
433:
413:
392:
380:
371:
363:
360:Reproduction
355:
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316:
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199:
197:
181:
180:
168:
38:
18:
1530:iNaturalist
1440:Wikispecies
1378:T. niemitzi
1360:T. wallacei
1288:T. dentatus
902:(1): 10–16.
621:12 November
382:Home ranges
323:Dian Fossey
313:Name origin
289:rainforests
279:to central
1656:Categories
1351:T. tumpara
1342:T. pumilus
1297:T. lariang
1279:T. tarsier
1209:Haplorhini
1207:Suborder:
1083:: e01205.
945:2022-04-11
529:References
496:Home range
476:cash crops
377:Home range
148:Haplorhini
144:Suborder:
66:Vulnerable
1369:T. fuscus
1183:Kingdom:
1173:Tarsiidae
1131:ARKive -
1115:224906001
1107:2351-9894
1042:1421-9980
995:1365-3008
860:1573-8604
808:0015-5713
766:: 93–104.
729:0275-2565
665:1421-9980
423:shrubbery
293:T. dianae
285:Indonesia
273:nocturnal
211:Hollister
176:Species:
158:Tarsiidae
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1667:Tarsiers
1634:Species+
1587:12100171
1467:BioLib:
1431:Q1194873
1425:Wikidata
1392:Category
1203:Primates
1197:Mammalia
1191:Chordata
1189:Phylum:
1185:Animalia
1058:37924028
1050:11155033
1003:55082297
737:16429421
574:62265494
548:(2005).
436:crickets
347:Behavior
304:tarsiers
281:Sulawesi
275:primate
234:Synonyms
154:Family:
138:Primates
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1574:1000917
1522:4266947
1268:Tarsius
1220:Carlito
1201:Order:
1195:Class:
1085:Bibcode
868:8447419
816:1904387
745:1517567
673:1904387
487:Density
399:pitched
338:Habitat
277:endemic
271:, is a
247:Niemitz
169:Tarsius
164:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1626:238719
1613:712758
1600:449501
1548:944117
1509:126684
1483:708470
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472:rattan
419:bamboo
243:dianae
213:, 1921
209:&
207:Miller
1561:21489
1535:75156
1496:54XZ7
1470:32092
1111:S2CID
1054:S2CID
999:S2CID
864:S2CID
741:S2CID
444:moths
403:trill
319:Diana
1639:7535
1595:NCBI
1556:IUCN
1543:ITIS
1517:GBIF
1478:BOLD
1103:ISSN
1046:PMID
1038:ISSN
991:ISSN
973:Oryx
934:ISBN
856:ISSN
812:PMID
804:ISSN
733:PMID
725:ISSN
669:PMID
661:ISSN
623:2021
606:2020
570:OCLC
560:ISBN
442:and
430:Diet
1582:MSW
1569:MDD
1504:EoL
1491:CoL
1455:ADW
1093:doi
1030:doi
981:doi
926:doi
848:doi
796:doi
717:doi
653:doi
610:doi
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