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published a theoretical model for the representation of pitch sequences in tonal music, in which pitch sequences are represented as hierarchies. The model proposes that elements are organized as structural units at each level of a hierarchy. Elements that are present at each level are elaborated by other elements so as to create structural units at the next lower level. This process of elaboration continues until the lowest level is reached. The model has been used by others as a basis for more elaborate models for the representation of musical sequences.
586:. Using stereo loudspeakers, Deutsch presented repeating words and phrases that were composed of two syllables. The syllables alternated between the speakers in which one syllable came from the speaker on the right while the other syllable came from the speaker on the left. When listening to such sequences, listeners 'heard' words and phrases that had not been presented; often these 'phantom words' were related to their memories and expectations.
520:. They show that there are remarkable variations in how people perceive music. Some of these variations relate to differences in brain organization, and others relate to the listeners' languages and dialects. The illusions also demonstrate the importance of memory, knowledge and expectations to how we perceive music and speech, and point to strong connections between the brain systems responsible for these two forms of communication.
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indicating that they reflect differences in brain organization. These illusions have implications for musical practice. For example, listening to music in concert halls may allow the audience to experience the same musical patterns in different ways. The illusions also demonstrate the existence of
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She was elected a governor of the Audio
Engineering Society, president of Division 10 of the American Psychological Association, chair of the Section on Psychology of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and served as chair of the Society of Experimental Psychologists. She
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for the pitch of a tone is the function of a specialized and highly organized system; where as, information is not subject to interference by other sounds such as spoken words. Deutsch also published one of the earliest neural networks for musical pattern recognition. Later, Deutsch and Feroe
582:. Listeners are unable to identify a well-known melody when all its note names are correct, but the tones are placed randomly in different octaves. However, when listeners are told the identity of the melody, they are able to recognize it through stored knowledge. Another is the
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for spoken words. They proposed that this strong verbal memory makes it easier to develop an association between musical notes and their names in early childhood, furthermore to acquire absolute pitch. This proposal also links absolute pitch (and therefore music) to language.
697:: Division 1 (Society for General Psychology), Division 3 (Society for Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science), Division 10 (Society for the Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts) and Division 21 (Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology).
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One set of illusions occur when two sequences of tones are presented over stereo headphones, such that when the right ear receives one sequence the left ear receives a different sequence. Using this procedure, Deutsch discovered striking illusions, as well as the
575:. In this illusion, speech is made to be heard as a song, and this occurs without transforming the sounds in any way. Through simply repeating a phrase several times over, this illusion also points to a strong relationship between speech and music.
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in 1956, and obtained a First Class Honors degree in psychology, Philosophy, and
Physiology in 1959. When at Oxford, she was particularly influenced by debates concerning the philosophy of mind, and relationships between reality and illusion.
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in 1981. Deutsch received her Ph.D. in psychology in 1970 from the
University of California, San Diego, was appointed Research Scientist in 1971, and Professor of Psychology in 1989, both at the University of California, San Diego.
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in 1983, and served as its
Founding Editor from 1983 to 1995. In addition she integrated research and theory in different disciplines in her edited book "The Psychology of Music"; this became the standard Handbook in the field).
602:), which is the ability to name or produce a musical note without the aid of a reference note. This ability is very rare in the United States, but Deutsch discovered that it is far more prevalent among speakers of
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Two further illusions discovered by
Deutsch also show the importance of unconscious inference – our use of memory, beliefs and expectations – in perception of music and speech. One is called the
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536:, and the cambiata illusion. She discovered that there are strong disagreements between listeners and how these illusions were perceived. These disagreements tend to occur between
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In 1957, while an undergraduate at Oxford, she met and married J. Anthony
Deutsch, a lecturer there, and they moved to the U.S. in 1959. Together they wrote the textbook
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560:. Once again, this illusion gave the perception that differs substantially from one listener to another, but in this case, perceptual variations relate to the
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and served as co-chair of the
Organizing Committee for its first conference, which was held in Kyoto, Japan. She founded the (American)
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Lifelong
Contributions to the Understanding of the Human Hearing Mechanism and the Science of Psychoacoustics
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1672:"Believing Your Ears: Probing the Brain through Musical Illusion – A Conversation with Diana Deutsch"
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Deutsch, D.; Henthorn, T. & Lapidis, R. (2011). "Illusory transformation from speech to song".
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Deutsch, D.; Feroe, J. (1981). "The
Internal Representation of Pitch Sequences in Tonal Music".
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Deutsch carried out extensive research on memory for sequences of tones. She demonstrated that
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Her work is often featured in newspapers and magazines throughout the world. These include
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Deutsch, D. (1970). "Tones and numbers: Specificity of interference in immediate memory".
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Musical
Illusions and Phantom Words: How Music and Speech Unlock Mysteries of the Brain
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Deutsch, J. A. & Deutsch, D. (1963). "Attention: some Theoretical Considerations".
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Musical Illusions and Phantom Words: How Music and Speech Unlock Mysteries of the Brain
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Deutsch also produced illusions using sequences of tones that were defined in terms of
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Musical Illusions and Phantom Words: How Music and Speech Unlock Mysteries of the Brain
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in 1990, and served as its Founding President from 1990 to 1992, holding the
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spoken by the listener, indicating a relationship between music and speech.
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Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
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Diana Deutsch's web page at the University of California San Diego
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Several museums have exhibited her audio illusions, including the
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https://deutsch.ucsd.edu/pdf/ideasroadshow_Diana_Deutsch_2015.pdf
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Second International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition
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Memory for musical tones, and representation of musical structure
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1507:"The internal representation of pitch sequences in tonal music"
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Deutsch has given many public lectures, including those at the
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Deutsch has been elected a Fellow of several societies: the
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Diana Deutsch was born Diana Sokol, on 15 February 1938, in
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Deutsch, D. (1982). The Psychology of Music, (3rd ed 2013)
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International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition
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Deutsch, D. (1980). "Memory and Attention in Music". In
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Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique
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478:(1st edition 1966; 2nd edition 1973), edited the book
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Fellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists
781:(Centre Georges Pompidou) in Paris, France, and the
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Science Writing Award for Professionals in Acoustics
395:, England. She is a professor of psychology at the
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2013:
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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https://deutsch.ucsd.edu/psychology/pages.php?i=101
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1662:"Behaves So Strangely" Interview with Jad Abrumrad
1008:Deutsch, D. (1992). "Paradoxes of musical pitch".
739:Outstanding Achievement in Psychology and the Arts
2390:Fellows of the American Psychological Association
723:International Association of Empirical Aesthetics
719:Outstanding Contributions to Empirical Aesthetics
652:in Los Angeles in 1992. She founded the journal
407:, which consists of the way people hold musical
1629:"Diana Deutsch - Diana Deutsch's Web Page>"
1409:"Tonal languages are the key to perfect pitch"
387:(born 15 February 1938) is a British-American
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1481:"Study Links Perfect Pitch to Tonal Language"
1448:"Study Links Perfect Pitch to Tonal Language"
482:(1975) and wrote several articles, including
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2385:Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
1546:"Diana Deutsch, Founding Editor (1983–1995)"
970:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
504:Deutsch discovered a number of illusions of
2360:University of California, San Diego faculty
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2355:University of California, San Diego alumni
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646:Society for Music Perception and Cognition
484:Attention: Some Theoretical Considerations
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165:about living persons that is unsourced or
254:Learn how and when to remove this message
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
909:Edinburgh International Science Festival
640:In 1989 Deutsch co-founded the biennial
1947:Temporal dynamics of music and language
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399:, and is a prominent researcher on the
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77:contains content that is written like
1355:"Musical Illusions and Phantom Words"
1265:, Third Edition, 2013, pp xvii + 765
687:Association for Psychological Science
679:Society of Experimental Psychologists
556:). In particular, she discovered the
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1505:Deutsch, Diana; Feroe, John (1981).
905:USA Science and Engineering Festival
571:In addition, Deutsch discovered the
453:sculptor of the expressionist school
2400:20th-century American psychologists
2350:Alumni of St Anne's College, Oxford
2325:21st-century American psychologists
1211:(CD). Philomel Records. 1377600012.
1200:(CD). Philomel Records. 1377600022.
1197:Phantom Words and Other Curiosities
962:Selected articles and book chapters
889:Denver Museum of Nature and Science
594:Deutsch's research also focuses on
437:Phantom Words and Other Curiosities
397:University of California, San Diego
363:University of California, San Diego
309:University of California, San Diego
1363:10.1093/oso/9780190206833.001.0001
755:Kennedy Center for Performing Arts
743:American Psychological Association
695:American Psychological Association
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1892:Music in psychological operations
1230:Deutsch, Diana (29 August 2023).
1030:10.1038/scientificamerican0892-88
488:Current Contents Citation Classic
443:Early life, education, and career
36:This article has multiple issues.
1837:Generative theory of tonal music
1446:Glanz, James (5 November 1999).
433:Musical Illusions and Paradoxes
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1847:Hedonic music consumption model
1744:Cognitive neuroscience of music
1544:Spiller, Katie (1 April 1995).
1353:Deutsch, Diana (20 June 2019).
1329:"Diana Deutsch - Biography>"
1282:"Diana Deutsch - Biography>"
1208:Musical Illusions and Paradoxes
44:or discuss these issues on the
783:Royal Swedish Academy of Music
683:American Psychological Society
532:, the chromatic illusion, the
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2284:Psychology of Music (journal)
1827:Eye movement in music reading
1425:10.1016/S0262-4079(09)61157-X
1407:Muir, Hazel (29 April 2009).
1102:10.1126/science.168.3939.1604
907:in Washington, D.C., and the
731:Acoustical Society of America
675:Acoustical Society of America
500:Illusions of music and speech
486:(1963), which was cited as a
431:, and also the compact discs
2340:British cognitive scientists
2335:American music psychologists
2320:American women psychologists
1852:Illusory continuity of tones
1164:& Henson, R. A. (eds.).
901:Museo Interactivo de Ciencia
815:U.S. News & World Report
715:Gustav Theodor Fechner Award
693:, and four divisions of the
538:righthanders and lefthanders
423:. Deutsch is the author of
143:biography of a living person
2395:21st-century American women
2298:This Is Your Brain on Music
2277:Music, Thought, and Feeling
2263:Musicae Scientiae (journal)
1234:. Oxford University Press.
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2071:Neuronal encoding of sound
2041:Melodic intonation therapy
1749:Culture in music cognition
1523:10.1037/0033-295X.88.6.503
1304:Ben Uri Gallery and Museum
1062:10.1037/0033-295X.88.6.503
580:mysterious melody illusion
1797:Consonance and dissonance
757:in Washington, D.C., the
707:Audio Engineering Society
671:Audio Engineering Society
468:St Anne's College, Oxford
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2086:Psychoanalysis and music
2066:Neurologic music therapy
2000:Music-specific disorders
1812:Embodied music cognition
1802:Deutsch's scale illusion
1616:Stories By Diana Deutsch
476:Physiological Psychology
458:Deutsch was educated at
1942:Speech-to-song illusion
1754:Evolutionary musicology
1300:"Max Sokol - Biography"
777:in Spoleto, Italy, the
573:Speech-to-Song Illusion
427:(2019), the editor for
2291:The World in Six Songs
2234:William Forde Thompson
1990:Musical hallucinations
1388:Cite journal requires
1205:Diana Deutsch (1995).
1194:Diana Deutsch (2003).
785:in Stockholm, Sweden.
775:Festival of Two Worlds
765:in San Francisco, The
584:phantom words illusion
157:Please help by adding
2330:English psychologists
2096:Systematic musicology
1677:14 April 2015 at the
1259:Diana Deutsch, editor
759:Vienna Music Festival
543:illusory conjunctions
98:neutral point of view
16:American psychologist
1902:Music-related memory
1739:Cognitive musicology
1511:Psychological Review
1162:Critchley, MacDonald
1130:Psychological Review
1050:Psychological Review
767:Fleet Science Center
735:Rudolf Arnheim Award
703:AES Gold Medal Award
313:University of Oxford
163:Contentious material
2189:Max Friedrich Meyer
2081:Philosophy of music
2076:Performance science
2021:Aesthetics of music
1995:Musician's dystonia
1980:Auditory arrhythmia
1867:Melodic expectation
1618:Scientific American
1596:psychology.ucsd.edu
1485:archive.nytimes.com
1172:. pp. 95–130.
1166:Music and the Brain
1094:1970Sci...168.1604D
1088:(3939): 1604–1605.
1022:1992SciAm.267b..88D
1010:Scientific American
982:2011ASAJ..129.2245D
878:German Public Radio
803:The Washington Post
791:Scientific American
691:Psychonomic Society
495:Research and theory
429:Psychology of Music
401:psychology of music
90:promotional content
2248:Books and journals
2169:Carol L. Krumhansl
1887:Music and movement
1842:Glissando illusion
1822:Exercise and music
1452:The New York Times
897:Franklin Institute
842:(Switzerland) and
809:The New York Times
769:in San Diego, the
534:glissando illusion
337:J. Anthony Deutsch
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2270:Musicophilia
2268:
2261:
2254:
2224:John Sloboda
2204:Oliver Sacks
2174:Fred Lerdahl
2143:
2026:Bioacoustics
1952:Tonal memory
1937:Shepard tone
1682:
1665:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1490:26 September
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
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1463:. Retrieved
1451:
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1348:
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1155:PDF Document
1133:
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1123:PDF Document
1085:
1081:
1075:PDF Document
1053:
1049:
1043:PDF Document
1016:(2): 88–95.
1013:
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1003:PDF Document
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915:Publications
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389:psychologist
384:
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359:Institutions
342:
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226:October 2021
223:
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206:
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192:
180:
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152:verification
145:
112:
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88:by removing
84:Please help
76:
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38:Please help
35:
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2365:1938 births
2229:Carl Stumpf
2159:David Huron
2111:Researchers
1817:Entrainment
1188:Discography
927:Deutsch, D.
860:(including
830:(Germany),
827:Der Spiegel
824:(Germany),
741:, from the
616:digit spans
550:pitch class
435:(1995) and
280:Diana Sokol
2314:Categories
2214:Max Schoen
2164:Nina Kraus
2124:Lola Cuddy
2061:Musicology
1217:References
1168:. London:
951:2018051786
899:, and the
872:(Canada),
836:(Norway),
733:, and the
636:Activities
612:Vietnamese
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286:1938-02-15
196:newspapers
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1136:: 80–90.
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721:from the
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148:citations
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1675:Archived
1666:Radiolab
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2036:Hearing
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