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is a factor. For example, Li is a small cation with a +1 charge and Mg is somewhat larger with a +2 charge, so the ionic potential of each of the two ions is roughly the same. It was revealed by an examination that the charge density of lithium is much closer to that of magnesium than to those of the
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crossing a group by one element, the changes "cancel" each other out, and elements with similar properties which have similar chemistry are often found – the atomic radius, electronegativity, properties of compounds (and so forth) of the diagonal members are similar.
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Further diagonal similarities have also been suggested for carbon-phosphorus and nitrogen-sulfur, along with extending the Li-Mg and Be-Al relationships down into the transition elements (such as
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Lithium carbonate, phosphate and fluoride are sparingly soluble in water. The corresponding group 2 salts are insoluble. (Think lattice and solvation energies).
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of isolated atoms. Moving rightward across the period decreases the atomic radii of atoms, while moving down the group will increase the atomic radii.
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The organization of elements on the periodic table into horizontal rows and vertical columns makes certain relationships more apparent (
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When combined with oxygen under standard conditions, Li and Mg form only normal oxides whereas Na forms
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are both unstable and can produce corresponding oxides and carbon dioxide when they are heated.
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The reasons for the existence of diagonal relationships are not fully understood, but
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other alkali metals. Using the Li–Mg pair (under room temperature and pressure):
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Similarly, on moving rightward a period, the elements become progressively more
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Rayner-Canham, Geoff (2011-07-01). "Isodiagonality in the periodic table".
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Ebbing, Darrell and Gammon, Steven D. (2009). "Atomic Radius".
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is said to exist between certain pairs of diagonally adjacent
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Pictorial representation of examples of diagonal relationship.
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in the second and third periods (first 20 elements) of the
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487:"Reactions of the Group 2 Elements with Air or Oxygen"
386:(9th ed.). Houghton Mifflin. pp. 312–314.
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Relationship between elements on the periodic table
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303:O) separates out from hydrated crystal LiCl·2H
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525:. Li/Mg p. 259; Be/Al p. 274; B/Si p. 288.
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515:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
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227:and metals below Na, in addition, form
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275:Chlorides of both Li and Mg are
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260:Both Li and Mg form covalent
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348:10.1007/s10698-011-9108-y
511:Shriver, Duward (2006).
336:Foundations of Chemistry
264:compounds. LiMe and MgMe
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238:which forms a stable
135:diagonal relationship
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542:Inorganic chemistry
513:Inorganic Chemistry
485:Clark, Jim (2005).
315:magnesium carbonate
293:magnesium chloride
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446:978-1-4641-2557-7
393:978-0-618-93469-0
380:General Chemistry
311:Lithium carbonate
270:Grignard reagents
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494:. Retrieved
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41:Please help
36:verification
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496:January 30,
229:superoxides
536:Categories
407:2019-02-10
322:References
69:newspapers
491:chemguide
463:cite book
455:882867766
416:cite book
356:1572-8463
159:aluminium
157:(Be) and
155:beryllium
151:magnesium
149:(Li) and
131:chemistry
364:97285573
285:pyridine
225:peroxide
196:covalent
178:scandium
165:(B) and
139:elements
291:, like
281:alcohol
240:nitride
167:silicon
147:lithium
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161:(Al),
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360:S2CID
295:(MgCl
268:(cf.
204:ionic
163:boron
90:JSTOR
76:books
517:ISBN
498:2012
469:link
451:OCLC
441:ISBN
422:link
388:ISBN
352:ISSN
313:and
283:and
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299:·6H
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