Diaper - Knowledge (XXG)

511:'s Huggies resulted in lower prices and drastic changes to diaper design. Several improvements were made, such as the use of double gussets to improve diaper fit and containment. As stated in Procter & Gamble's initial 1973 patent for the use of double gussets in a diaper, "The double gusset folded areas tend to readily conform to the thigh portions of the leg of the infant. This allows quick and easy fitting and provides a snug and comfortable diaper fit that will neither bind nor wad on the infant...as a result of this snugger fit obtained because of this fold configuration, the diaper is less likely to leak or, in other words, its containment characteristics are greatly enhanced." Further developments in diaper design were made, such as the introduction of refastenable tapes, the "hourglass shape" so as to reduce bulk at the crotch area, and the 1984 introduction of super-absorbent material from polymers known as 941:

diapers during the day, due to the child's opposition to toilet training, neglect, or unconventional parenting techniques. Other children may use diapers past toileting age due to disability, developmental disorders, or other medical reasons. This can pose a number of problems if the child is sent to school wearing diapers, including teasing from classmates and health issues resulting from soiled diapers. There has been recent pushback from teachers concerning a trend of more children in diapers. If a child soils themselves or their diaper, the teacher has to stop the lesson to focus on one child, which is distracting, and take away from the learning environment.

949:. Approximately 16% of children in the U.S. over the age of 5 wet the bed, 5% of children over 10 wet the bed, and 2% of children over 15 wet the bed. Some companies have diaper products specifically designed for bedwetting, traditionally hosting higher leak guards, and being pull on style similar to training pants. If bedwetting becomes a concern, the current recommendation is to consider forgoing the use of a diaper at night as they may prevent the child from wanting to get out of bed, although this is not a primary cause of bedwetting. This is particularly the case for children over the age of 8. 1101:, were sold at an average cost of approximately $ 0.20–0.30 each, and their manufacturers earned about two cents in profit from each diaper sold. Premium brands had eco-friendly features, and sold for approximately twice that price. Generic disposable diapers cost less per diaper, at an average price of $ 0.15 each, and the typical manufacturer's profit was about one cent per diaper. However, the low-cost diapers needed to be changed more frequently, so the total cost savings was limited, as the lower cost per diaper was offset by the need to buy more diapers. 435:

it was granted for the UK in October 1949. Initially, the big manufacturers were unable to see the commercial possibilities of disposable diapers. In 1948, Gordon made over 400 Paddis herself using her sewing machine at the kitchen table. Her husband had unsuccessfully approached several companies for help until he had a chance meeting with Sir Robert Robinson at a business dinner. In November 1949 Valerie Gordon signed a contract with Robinsons of Chesterfield who then went into full production. In 1950,

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is folded around a baby's bottom and between its legs to absorb and hold its body waste. The first cloth diapers consisted of a specific type of soft tissue sheet, cut into geometric shapes. The pattern visible in linen and other types of woven fabric was called "diaper". This meaning of the word has been in use since the 1590s in England. By the 19th century, baby diapers were being sewn from linen, giving us the modern-day reading of the word "diaper". This usage stuck in the

592:, which consist of a moisture-sensitive ink printed in the front of the diaper as either a fading design or a color-changing line to alert the carer or user that the diaper is wet. A disposable diaper may also include an inner fabric designed to hold moisture against the skin for a brief period before absorption to alert a toilet training or bedwetting user that they have urinated. Most materials in the diaper are held together with the use of a 360: 977: 38: 1172:

fact, disposables even scored slightly better). However, much better results (emission cuts of up to 40 per cent) could be achieved by using reusable diapers more rationally. "The report shows that, in contrast to the use of disposable nappies, it is consumers' behaviour after purchase that determines most of the impacts from reusable nappies. Cloth nappy users can reduce their environmental impacts by:

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in the laundering process. Some people who launder cloth diapers at home wash each load twice, considering the first wash a "prewash", and thus doubling the energy and water usage from laundering. Cloth diapers are most commonly made of cotton. "Conventional cotton is one of the most chemically-dependent crops, sucking up 10% of all agricultural chemicals and 25% of

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Many design features of modern cloth diapers have followed directly from innovations initially developed in disposable diapers, such as the use of the hour glass shape, materials to separate moisture from skin and the use of double gussets, or an inner elastic band for better fit and containment of waste material. Several cloth diaper brands use variations of

529: 1241: 937:, however, believes that toilet training is the child's choice and has encouraged this view in various commercials for Pampers Size 6, a diaper for older children. Brazelton warns that enforced toilet training can cause serious long-term problems, and that it is the child's decision when to stop wearing diapers, not the parents'. 799: 540:, a professional-turned-housewife who wanted to ensure her children's clothing and bedding remained dry while they slept. She also invented the first paper diapers, but executives did not invest in this idea and it was consequently scrapped for over ten years until Procter & Gamble used Donovan's design ideas to create 487: 864:

Modern cloth diapers come in a host of shapes, including preformed cloth diapers, all-in-one diapers with waterproof exteriors, fitted diaper with covers and pocket or "stuffable" diapers, which consist of a water-resistant outer shell sewn with an opening for insertion of absorbent material inserts.

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Other common features of disposable diapers include one or more pairs of either adhesive or mechanical fastening tapes to keep the diaper securely fastened. Some diapers have tapes which are refastenable to allow adjusting of fit or reapplication after inspection. Elasticized fabric single and double

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There are variations in the care of cloth diapers that can account for different measures of environmental impact. For example, using a cloth diaper laundering service involves additional pollution from the vehicle that picks up and drops off deliveries. Yet such a service uses less water per diaper

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The environmental impact of cloth as compared to disposable diapers has been studied several times. In one cradle-to-grave study sponsored by the National Association of Diaper Services (NADS) and conducted by Carl Lehrburger and colleagues, results stated that disposable diapers produce seven times

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started developing and making Paddi, a 2-part system consisting of a disposable pad (made of cellulose wadding covered with cotton wool) worn inside an adjustable plastic garment with press-studs/snaps. Initially, she used old parachutes for the garment. She applied for the patent in April 1948, and

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used a shower curtain from her bathroom to create the "Boater", a diaper cover made from army surplus nylon parachute cloth. First sold in 1949 at Saks Fifth Avenue's flagship store in New York City, patents were later issued in 1951 to Donovan, who later sold the rights to the waterproof diaper for

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originally referred to a type of cloth rather than the use thereof; "diaper" was the term for a pattern of repeated, rhombic shapes, and later came to describe white cotton or linen fabric with this pattern. According to the Oxford Dictionary, it is a piece of soft cloth or other thick material that

203:, by absorbing or containing waste products to prevent soiling of outer clothing or the external environment. When diapers become wet or soiled, they require changing, generally by a second person such as a parent or caregiver. Failure to change a diaper on a sufficiently regular basis can result in 1210:

Another aspect to consider when choosing between disposable diapers and cloth diapers is cost. It is estimated that an average baby will use from $ 1,500 to $ 2,000 or more in disposable diapers before being potty-trained. In contrast, cloth diapers, while initially more expensive than disposables,

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has led to a growth in campaigns for parents to use reusable alternatives such as cloth or hybrid diapers. An estimated 27.4 billion disposable diapers are used each year in the US, resulting in a possible 3.4 million tons of used diapers adding to landfills each year. A discarded disposable diaper

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agreed to sell Paddi in all their branches. In 1951 the Paddi patent was granted for the US and worldwide. Shortly after that, Playtex and several other large international companies tried unsuccessfully to buy out Paddi from Robinsons. Paddi was very successful for many years until the advent of

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and damaged the skin of infants. The constant problem to be overcome was diaper rash, and the infection thereof. The concern was that lack of air circulation would worsen this condition. While lack of air circulation is a factor, it was later found that poor hygiene involving inefficiently washed

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stated that reusable diapers can cause significantly less (up to 40 per cent) or significantly more damage to the environment than disposable ones, depending mostly on how parents wash and dry them. The "baseline scenario" showed that the difference in green-house emissions was insignificant (in

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Children typically achieve daytime continence and stop wearing diapers during the day between the ages of two and four, depending on culture, diaper type, parental habits, and the child's personality. However, it is becoming increasingly common for children five to eleven years old to still wear

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city council proposed that horses be made to wear diapers to prevent them from defecating in the street. This caused controversy amongst animal rights groups, who claimed that wearing diapers would be uncomfortable for the animals. The campaigners protested by lining the streets wearing diapers

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in order to help mask the smell of a soiled diaper, or to protect the skin. Care of disposable diapers is minimal, and primarily consists of keeping them in a dry place before use, with proper disposal in a garbage receptacle upon soiling. Stool is supposed to be deposited in the toilet, but is

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Nice old, soft bits of good Turkish towelling, properly washed, will make the softest of diaper coverings, inside which specially absorbent napkins (diapers), see below at 1A, soft, light, and easily washed, are contained. These should rarely be soiled once regular habits have been inculcated,

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Although most commonly worn by and associated with babies and children, diapers are also worn by adults for a variety of reasons. In the medical community, they are usually referred to as "adult absorbent briefs" rather than diapers, which are associated with children and may have a negative

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Manufacturers have designed "training pants" which bridge the gap between baby diapers and normal underwear during the toilet training process. These are similar to infant diapers in construction, but they can be pulled on like normal underwear. Training pants are available for children who

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than reusables laundered at home, but more than those sent to a commercial diaper service. Washing cloth diapers at home uses 50 to 70 gallons (approx. 189 to 264 litres) of water every three days, which is roughly equivalent to flushing the toilet 15 times a day, unless the user has a

496: 458:, along with his project group including William Dehaas (both men who worked for the company) invented what would be trademarked "Pampers". Although Pampers were conceptualized in 1959, the diapers themselves were not launched into the market until 1961. 447:, in 1956 elaborated her father's original idea, by adding a garment (again making a 2-part system like Paddi). However she met the same problem, with the purchasing managers, declaring they would never allow their wives to "put paper on their children." 1214:

Another factor in reusable cloth diaper impact is the ability to re-use the diapers for subsequent children or sell them on. These factors can alleviate the environmental and financial impact from manufacture, sale and use of brand-new reusable diapers.

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connotation. The usage of adult diapers can be a source of embarrassment, and products are often marketed under euphemisms such as incontinence pads. The most common adult users of diapers are those with medical conditions which cause them to experience

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suggested a conceptual design which would entail the placing of sheets of paper tissue (cellulose wadding) inside the cloth diaper and rubber pants. However, cellulose wadding was rough against the skin and crumbled into balls when exposed to moisture.

999:, those who are bedridden or otherwise limited in their mobility, or for other emotional, physical, or mental needs. It is important that the user selects the proper type, size, and absorbency level for their needs as every diaper design is different. 611:

diaper can be a little difficult for first time parents since different brands tend to have different sizing standards. Baby diaper sizes in general are based on the child's weight (kg or lbs) and not determined by age like in clothing or shoes.

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if bought new cost about $ 100 to $ 300 for a basic set, although costs can rise with more expensive versions. The cost of washing and drying diapers must also be considered. The basic set, if one-sized, can last from birth to potty-training.

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waist bands. They are now much thinner and much more absorbent. The product range has more recently been extended into children's toilet training phase with the introduction of training pants and pant diapers, which are now undergarments.

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Modern disposable baby diapers and incontinence products have a layered construction, which allows the transfer and distribution of urine to an absorbent core structure where it is locked in. Basic layers are an outer shell of breathable

490: 494: 493: 489: 488: 495: 1024:. The NASA Maximum Absorbency Garment is however only designed to retain 2 liters, while the commercial brand by "Tykables Diapers" known as their "Little Rawrs" diaper line is ISO rated to retain up to 7.5 liters of urine. 944:

Most children continue to wear diapers at night for a period of time following daytime continence. Older children may have problems with bladder control (primarily at night) and may wear diapers while sleeping to control

1048:, or for older, sick, or injured pets who have become incontinent. In some cases, these are simply baby diapers with holes cut for the tails to fit through. In other cases, they are diaperlike waste collection devices. 1408: 492: 453:

During the 1950s, companies such as Johnson and Johnson, Kendall, Parke-Davis, Playtex, and Molnlycke entered the disposable diaper market, and in 1956, Procter & Gamble began researching disposable diapers.

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In the 20th century, the disposable diaper was conceived. In the 1930s, Robinsons of Chesterfield had what were labeled "Destroyable Babies Napkins" listed in their catalogue for the wholesale market. In 1944,

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diapers and infrequent changes of diapers, along with allowing the baby to lie for prolonged periods of time with fecal matter in contact with the skin, were the two main causes of these problems.

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argue that potty training can begin at birth with multiple benefits, with diapers only used as a backup. Keeping children in diapers beyond infancy can be controversial, with family psychologist

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Babies may have their diapers changed five or more times a day. Parents and other primary childcare givers often carry spare diapers and necessities for diaper changing in a specialized

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and thus bleeding, and monkeys and apes or chickens. Diapers are often seen on trained animals who appear on TV shows, in movies, or for live entertainment or educational appearances.

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The diapers used on primates, canines, etc. are much like the diapers used by humans. The diapers used on equines are intended to catch excretions, as opposed to absorbing them.

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After the Second World War, mothers increasingly wanted freedom from washing diapers so that they could work and travel, causing an increasing demand for disposable diapers.

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1A -(squares of butter muslin or Harrington's packed rolls of "mutton cloth" in packets, sold for polishing motor-cars, would do equally well and are very cheap and soft)

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on 3% of our arable land; that's more than any other crop per unit." This effect can be mitigated by using organic cotton or other materials, such as bamboo and hemp.

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In the 19th century, the modern diaper began to take shape and mothers in many parts of the world used cotton material, held in place with a fastening—eventually the

491: 2147: 2119: 1804: 902:. Diapering may possibly serve as a good bonding experience for parent and child. Children who wear diapers may experience skin irritation, commonly referred to as 1319: 2033: 2256: 3143: 2099: 1975: 1359: 404:, were sometimes used over the cloth diaper to prevent leakage. Doctors believed that rubber pants were harmful because they thought the rubber acted as a 933:

claiming it is a "slap to the intelligence of a human being that one would allow baby to continue soiling and wetting himself past age two." Pediatrician

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Cloth diapers are reusable and can be made from natural fibers, synthetic materials, or a combination of both. They are often made from industrial

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high-efficiency washing machine. An average diaper service puts its diapers through an average of 13 water changes, but uses less water and

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ordered that horses be fitted with rubber and plastic diapers to stop them littering the promenade with dung. The council consulted the

1473: 3102: 596:, which is applied in spray form or multi lines, an elastic hot melt is also used to help with pad integrity when the diaper is wet. 2887: 1596: 82: 2797: 3032: 2068: 1683: 1626: 588:

around the leg and waist areas aid in fitting and in containing urine or stool which has not been absorbed. Baby diapers now have

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Over the next few decades, the disposable diaper industry boomed and the competition between Procter & Gamble's Pampers and

430:$ 1 million. Donovan also designed a paper disposable diaper, but was unsuccessful in marketing it. In 1947, Scottish housewife 5200: 5059: 2183: 2369: 1167:

In October 2008, "An updated lifecycle assessment study for disposable and reusable nappies" by the UK Environment Agency and

2422: 230:, and can be washed and reused multiple times. Disposable diapers contain absorbent chemicals and are thrown away after use. 1437: 5185: 1713: 1143:

when discarded and three times more waste in the manufacturing process. In addition, effluents from the plastic, pulp, and

2482: 1113: 378:. Cloth diapers in the United States were first mass-produced in 1887 by Maria Allen. In the UK, diapers were made out of 568:

film or a nonwoven and film composite which prevents wetness and soil transfer, an inner absorbent layer of a mixture of

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An average child will go through several thousand diapers in their life. Since disposable diapers are discarded after a

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In Latin America, some manufacturers sold disposable diapers at a price of approximately US$ 0.10 each.

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Jan E Drutz, MD, Naiwen D Tu, MD (Aug 15, 2017). Teresa K Duryea, MDLaurence S Baskin, MD, FAAP (ed.).

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When replacing appliances, choosing more energy efficient appliances (A+ rated machines are preferred)

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Jennings, R.; Baker, E. (2000). "Gynecological and reproductive issues for women in space: A review".

1544: 5091: 4151: 3138: 2603: 2148:"Worrying trend in Switzerland: 11-year-old kids wear diapers to school as teachers remain concerned" 992: 258: 4960: 3528: 3438: 3133: 2858: 2230: 2073: 1883: 1522: 866: 512: 474: 463: 305: 414: 4677: 3840: 3729: 3695: 3690: 3663: 3533: 3433: 1798: 996: 934: 250: 184: 2418: 839: 857:

Traditionally, cloth diapers consisted of a folded square or rectangle of cloth, fastened with

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with a distribution layer directly beneath which will transfer wetness to the absorbent layer.

5170: 5123: 5047: 4990: 4896: 4823: 4707: 4503: 4441: 4217: 4202: 4176: 3957: 3786: 3739: 3724: 3448: 3391: 3128: 3088: 2734: 2573: 2529: 2523: 2456: 2395: 2299: 1443: 1152: 593: 589: 2120:"'Teachers Aren't To Change Diapers': Lack Of Potty-Training Raises Concern In Swiss Schools" 1936:"Improved containment and convenience in a double gusset cloth diaper: Method of manufacture" 1684:"The disposable diaper and the meaning of progress – a brief history of diaper manufacturing" 5210: 5180: 5165: 5128: 4985: 4916: 4901: 4530: 4239: 3685: 3648: 3523: 3458: 3416: 3264: 2707: 2681: 2655: 2565: 2445:"Genitourinary infection and barotrauma as complications of 'P-valve' use in drysuit divers" 2178: 1663: 1289: 843: 359: 145: 976: 882: 394:

especially during the night period in which it is most important to prevent habit formation

5146: 5074: 5027: 4836: 4692: 4614: 4577: 4513: 4244: 4156: 4141: 4093: 4012: 4007: 3962: 3879: 3857: 3558: 3518: 3274: 3226: 2827: 2373: 2260: 2103: 2037: 2018: 1670: 1548: 1326:. The University of Chicago Department of Romance Languages and Literature. Archived from 1269: 1246: 918: 577: 389:

Here is an extract from 'The Modern Home Doctor' written by physicians in the UK in 1935.

379: 367: 266: 242: 223: 188: 180: 3972: 2774:"The bottom line: One in three families can't afford diapers. Why are they so expensive?" 1818: 2801: 1647: 477:— one diaper patent at a time. And Kimberly-Clark responded in pretty much the same way. 5054: 4841: 4687: 4518: 4508: 4434: 4353: 4146: 4073: 3910: 3835: 3820: 3771: 3756: 3751: 3712: 3653: 3610: 3603: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3381: 3346: 3036: 2082: 1691: 1299: 1294: 1259: 1232: 1041: 1037: 958: 569: 537: 508: 426: 340: 319: 2629: 5159: 5079: 5069: 5042: 5032: 5002: 4973: 4560: 4523: 4498: 4493: 4380: 4088: 3992: 3987: 3884: 3874: 3869: 3825: 3563: 3553: 3498: 3359: 2590: 2569: 1600: 1045: 930: 814:

white or left the fiber's natural color. Other natural fiber cloth materials include

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More than US$ 9 billion is spent on disposable diapers in North America each year.

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Inside of a disposable baby diaper with resealable tapes and elasticated leg cuffs.

1559: 1381: 265:, patients bed-bound in a hospital, individuals with certain types of physical or 130: 2913: 1451: 881:

Compostable diapers can be made from a range of different plant-based materials.

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From Pill Boxes to Bandages... and Back Again: The Robinson Story 1839-2000

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As of 2018, name-brand, mid-range disposable diapers in the U.S., such as

1067:, donkeys were also diapered at the council's behest. A similar scheme in 790: 4931: 4876: 4851: 4808: 4793: 4722: 4672: 4667: 4644: 4619: 4609: 4604: 4572: 4555: 4456: 4407: 4370: 4298: 4288: 4197: 4189: 4136: 4078: 4047: 4027: 3935: 3761: 3744: 3719: 3680: 3675: 3598: 3548: 3543: 3485: 3374: 3364: 3304: 3256: 3231: 3182: 3177: 3154: 3111: 2285: 1127: 1006: 965: 846:

liner because of the non-absorbent properties of those synthetic fibers.

436: 405: 277: 246: 196: 1495: 528: 5098: 5064: 5037: 4881: 4866: 4861: 4831: 4780: 4770: 4765: 4712: 4657: 4634: 4473: 4419: 4414: 4326: 4283: 4083: 3734: 3640: 3468: 3428: 3421: 3309: 3294: 3214: 2881:"Approximate Time it Takes for Garbage to Decompose in the Environment" 1447: 1161: 1098: 1094: 911: 870: 620: 616: 541: 459: 262: 238: 211: 192: 4936: 4891: 4813: 4798: 4755: 4652: 4545: 4483: 4468: 4348: 4118: 3997: 3573: 3443: 3354: 3336: 3269: 3241: 3221: 3204: 3194: 2021:. Keepkidshealthy.com (December 8, 2004). Retrieved on April 9, 2013. 1148: 1064: 1055: 917:

The age at which children should cease regularly wearing diapers and

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Ever since their introduction product innovations include the use of

383: 348: 332: 234: 219: 200: 2263:. Bedwettingweb.com (February 12, 2007). Retrieved on April 9, 2013. 1935: 1518:"Valerie Hunter Gordon, inventor of the disposable nappy – obituary" 1075:

to ensure that the diapers were not harmful to the horses' welfare.

1976:"DYPER Removes Nearly 100,000 KG of Plastic Waste From Environment" 1078:

Other animals that are sometimes diapered include female dogs when

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themselves, which spelled out the message "Stop pooh bags". In the

4941: 4871: 4567: 4540: 4478: 4402: 4331: 4271: 4098: 4002: 3949: 3798: 3538: 3513: 3396: 3386: 3331: 3162: 1714:"The disposable diaper industry source – diaper history time line" 1060: 975: 848: 798: 797: 789: 527: 485: 358: 218:

materials. Cloth diapers are composed of layers of fabric such as

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under certain circumstances or with various conditions, such as

3084: 2278:"Patient education: Bedwetting in children (Beyond the Basics)" 1658: 1656: 1623:"Pampers: The Birth of P&G's First 10-Billion-Dollar Brand" 1442:. Chesterfield, United Kingdom: Robinson & Co. p. 75. 4042: 3189: 3167: 1033: 31: 1841:"What are the components used on a typical disposable diaper" 1013:

is an adult-sized diaper with extra absorption material that

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Adult diapers may be worn for urinary and fecal incontinence.

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now accounts for more than $ 10 billion in annual revenue at

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which can irritate the skin and can cause painful redness.

222:, hemp, bamboo, microfiber, or even plastic fibers such as 160: 154: 1862:"Diaper Size Chart by Age, All Baby Diaper Sizes by Brand" 1541: 1151:-growing and -manufacturing processes. Single-use diapers 604:

generally put in the garbage with the rest of the diaper.

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The first waterproof diaper cover was invented in 1946 by

2886:. NH Department of Environmental Services. Archived from 2388:"The Bed-Wetting Report – Do diapers prolong bedwetting?" 1577:

Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation

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White, Peter (1 January 2000). "9: From the Bottom Up".

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As Audrey Quinn recounts about the 1980s "Diaper Wars",

343:, the word "nappy" took its place. Most sources believe 1474:"Marion Donovan, 81, Solver Of the Damp-Diaper Problem" 1108:

Environmental impact of cloth versus disposable diapers

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which catalyzes the conversion of the urea in urine to

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Common disposable baby diaper brands in the US include

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Diapers and diaperlike products are sometimes used on

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Some disposable diapers include fragrance, lotions or

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Procter & Gamble took Kimberly-Clark to court for

276:. It is not uncommon for people to wear diapers under 2915:

Diapers: Environmental Impacts and Lifecycle Analysis

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Carl Lehrburger; C. V. Jones; Jocelyn Mullen (1991).

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are believed far more hazardous than those from the

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makes their compostable diapers from bamboo fibers.

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are often used inside cloth diapers as a "stay-dry"

500:'The Engineering of a Disposable Diaper' - video by 272:, and people working in extreme conditions, such as 163: 157: 151: 5020: 4959: 4950: 4822: 4779: 4721: 4643: 4595: 4395: 4314: 4188: 4169: 4129: 4061: 4035: 4021: 3948: 3898: 3811: 3797: 3634: 3484: 3345: 3255: 3153: 2069:"P&G announces Pampers now a bigger disposable" 921:should begin is a subject of debate. Proponents of 191:) is a type of underwear that allows the wearer to 148: 112: 2517: 2515: 2344:"How To Manage Teenage Bedwetting | Goodnites® US" 1573:"Papers Illustrate Woman Inventor's Life and Work" 1407: 1169:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 869:'s original 1973 patent use of a double gusset in 544:. Another disposable diaper design was created by 2984:"Windeln im Test – Unabhängiges Vergleichsportal" 2735:"The booming business of luxury chicken diapers" 2525:Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight 3007:"Cloth vs. disposable diapers: Getting started" 2040:. Uspharmacist.com. Retrieved on April 9, 2013. 471: 304:—One of the earliest known uses of the word in 293: 1673:", US Patent 3710797, Issued January 16, 1973. 1195:techniques to reduce number of soiled nappies. 382:, often with an inner lining made out of soft 3096: 2002:. Kidshealth.org. Retrieved on April 9, 2013. 576:for wetness, and a layer nearest the skin of 45:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 2463:. Archived from the original on May 26, 2013 2304:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2205:Services, Department of Health & Human. 1135:takes approximately 450 years to decompose. 1044:. This is often due to the animal not being 830:toweling or an external waterproof layer of 351:, which itself was originally a diminutive. 95: 19:"Nappy" redirects here. For other uses, see 2174:"Parents sending kids to school in nappies" 1803:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1571:Center, Smithsonian Lemelson (2000-07-01). 4956: 4185: 4181: 4032: 3808: 3103: 3089: 3081: 2050: 2048: 2046: 1185:Not washing above 60 °C (140 °F) 94: 3035:. Real Diaper Association. Archived from 2930:"The UK Environment Agency / DEFRA study" 2593:Tykable Adult Diapers. Accessed 23-12-03. 2376:. Drpaul.com. Retrieved on April 9, 2013. 2057:. Dy-dee.com. Retrieved on April 9, 2013. 1929: 1927: 1476:. New York City Times. November 18, 1998. 297:Another bear the ewer, the third a diaper 83:Learn how and when to remove this message 16:Undergarment for incontinence containment 1908:"Diaper Size and Weight Chart | Pampers" 1843:. Diaper Industry Source. Archived from 634: 515:that were originally developed in 1966. 2800:. babycottonbottoms.com. Archived from 2419:"When You've Gotta Go, You've Gotta Go" 2417:Stack, Jennie Borodko (February 2001). 1884:"Pampers® Swaddlers™ Diapers | Pampers" 1742:Three Every-day Items Invented by Women 1311: 207:around the area covered by the diaper. 2558:Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 2498:"How did NASA change diapers forever?" 2474: 2297: 1796: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2522:Michael Barratt; Sam L. Pool (2008). 2271: 2269: 2142: 2140: 2114: 2112: 1856: 1854: 1388:from the original on 14 December 2021 1362:from the original on 13 December 2021 1176:Line drying outside whenever possible 337:British colonization of North America 7: 2604:"Row as horses told to wear nappies" 1650:, Life of the Law, February 10, 2015 1355:Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 794:Cloth diaper filled with extra cloth 370:, depicting the changing of a diaper 5104:Global trade of secondhand clothing 2772:McGrory, Kathleen (28 March 2018). 2591:Tykables Little Rawrs Adult Diapers 1934:Leah S. Leverich (August 4, 2011). 1716:. Richer Investment. Archived from 1198:Reusing nappies on other children." 1179:Tumble drying as little as possible 853:Safe Diaper Clip from the mid-1960s 443:In Sweden, Hugo Drangel's daughter 3009:. Consumer Reports. Archived from 2826:. Cloth-Diaper.org. Archived from 2630:"Anger at Kenya donkey nappy plan" 2496:Gerbis, Nicholas (March 3, 2011). 2012:Diaper Changes – Gentle Child Care 1020:wear during liftoff, landing, and 532:A baby wearing a disposable diaper 14: 3005:Consumer Reports (July 8, 2009). 2849:Paul, Pamela (January 10, 2008). 2733:Waters, Michael (2 August 2018). 2708:"Horse nappy plan given go-ahead" 2682:"Nappy plan for Blackpool horses" 2656:"Blackpool horses to get nappies" 2443:Harris, Richard (December 2009). 2067:Larkin, Patrick (July 22, 1998). 1745:, National Women's History Museum 347:is a diminutive form of the word 126:Different kinds of outer diapers. 5140: 2570:10.1097/00006254-200002000-00025 1530:from the original on 2023-04-08. 1239: 1225: 1118:environmental impact of plastics 400:Wool pants, or, once available, 144: 101: 36: 2947:"Science and Research Projects" 2824:"Cloth Diapers Vs Disposable.?" 1819:"How disposable diaper is made" 1488:"No. 2464: Engineering Diapers" 2449:Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 2423:Muscular Dystrophy Association 2172:Hannah Davies (June 5, 2008). 2106:," Scholastic Parent and Child 2055:Delayed Toilet Training Issues 1759:. paddi.org.uk. Archived from 1022:extra-vehicular activity (EVA) 233:Diapers are primarily worn by 1: 1114:environmental impact of paper 417:of the Swedish paper company 2971:Green Basics: Organic Cotton 2097:Toilet Training Stubbornness 2031:Diaper Rash: The Bottom Line 5206:Environmental controversies 2259:September 29, 2007, at the 2211:www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au 1540:For more information go to 59:, discuss the issue on the 5227: 5114:List of individual dresses 2017:December 23, 2007, at the 1669:February 22, 2014, at the 1111: 1086:Cost of disposable diapers 1011:Maximum Absorbency Garment 1005:utilize diapers for their 983: 956: 783: 261:. Adult users can include 18: 5137: 4184: 3118: 2528:. Springer. p. 384. 2481:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2231:"Top tips for dry nights" 2036:February 5, 2008, at the 1784:"Home truth – Nappy days" 1739:Blattman, Elissa (2013), 1597:"The Politics of Diapers" 1415:Oxford English Dictionary 927:Elimination Communication 607:Buying the right size of 100: 1009:for long exposures. The 555:, resealable tapes, and 2392:Creativechildonline.com 2102:March 12, 2007, at the 1821:. How Products Are Made 1560:Pauliström Mill History 1542:http://www.paddi.org.uk 1285:Baby-led potty training 1193:baby-led potty training 1132:environmental awareness 923:baby-led potty training 574:superabsorbent polymers 553:superabsorbent polymers 310:The Taming of the Shrew 25:Diaper (disambiguation) 5201:Clothing controversies 5119:Reconstructed clothing 2986:. www.windeln-tests.de 2372:July 17, 2007, at the 2367:Bedwetting and diapers 2254:The Bed Wetting Diaper 1757:"The History of Paddi" 981: 854: 803: 802:Baby with cloth diaper 795: 533: 504: 484: 445:Lil Karhola Wettergren 440:'all in one' diapers. 398: 371: 301: 135: 127: 21:Nappy (disambiguation) 2935:. randd.defra.gov.uk. 2804:on September 24, 2010 2079:E. W. Scripps Company 1547:May 12, 2011, at the 1130:sites, and increased 1112:Further information: 995:(like bedwetting) or 979: 852: 832:polyurethane laminate 801: 793: 661:first few weeks only 548:and patented in 1948 546:Valerie Hunter Gordon 531: 499: 432:Valerie Hunter Gordon 391: 362: 263:those of advanced age 133: 125: 5060:Environmental impact 2952:. randd.defra.gov.uk 2893:on December 24, 2018 2610:. September 20, 2002 1980:www.businesswire.com 1694:on December 18, 2008 1603:on September 4, 2009 1324:Webster's Dictionary 1188:Washing fuller loads 1160:per diaper than one 993:urinary incontinence 867:Procter & Gamble 464:Procter & Gamble 210:Diapers are made of 65:create a new article 57:improve this article 47:may not represent a 5196:Disposable products 5176:Children's clothing 5147:Clothing portal 3063:The Washington Post 2861:on January 14, 2008 2830:on October 13, 2010 2714:. November 22, 2007 2688:. November 13, 2007 2074:The Cincinnati Post 2000:Diapering Your Baby 1526:. 20 October 2016. 1523:The Daily Telegraph 1384:. eytomonline.com. 877:Compostable diapers 834:(PUL) may be used. 773:older than 5 years 759:older than 4 years 745:older than 3 years 731:older than 2 years 513:sodium polyacrylate 475:patent infringement 134:Diapers on a shelf. 116:protective clothing 97: 3059:"Waste Management" 3039:on August 14, 2004 2851:"Diapers Go Green" 2662:. October 17, 2006 1153:consume less water 1038:laboratory animals 997:fecal incontinence 982: 935:T. Berry Brazelton 855: 804: 796: 590:wetness indicators 534: 505: 372: 136: 128: 5186:Infants' clothing 5153: 5152: 5124:Right to clothing 5048:Halloween costume 5016: 5015: 4991:black lounge suit 4591: 4590: 4391: 4390: 4165: 4164: 3944: 3943: 2535:978-0-387-98842-9 2500:. How Stuff Works 2348:www.goodnites.com 2324:www.goodnites.com 2207:"Toilet training" 1956:on March 30, 2008 1950:"Cloth Diapering" 1912:Web-Pampers-US-EN 1888:Web-Pampers-US-EN 1847:on July 23, 2011. 1664:Disposable Diaper 1662:Mario S Marsan. " 1629:on March 24, 2014 822:, and unbleached 777: 776: 647:Approx Child Age 641:Baby Weight (lbs) 594:hot-melt adhesive 578:nonwoven material 497: 364:Unpleasant duties 120: 119: 93: 92: 85: 67:, as appropriate. 5218: 5145: 5144: 5129:Vintage clothing 4957: 4902:Pocket protector 4186: 4182: 4142:Bodysuit, infant 4033: 3814:formal, informal 3809: 3649:Ceremonial dress 3105: 3098: 3091: 3082: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2980: 2974: 2973:, treehugger.com 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2951: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2918:. C. Lehrburger. 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2892: 2885: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2857:. 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They are also 241:who are not yet 199:without using a 170: 169: 166: 165: 162: 159: 156: 153: 150: 105: 98: 88: 81: 77: 74: 68: 40: 39: 32: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5215: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5139: 5133: 5075:made-to-measure 5028:Clothing fetish 5012: 4946: 4818: 4775: 4717: 4693:Square leg suit 4639: 4615:Blanket sleeper 4587: 4578:Sleeved blanket 4387: 4310: 4175: 4173: 4161: 4137:Bodysuit, adult 4125: 4057: 4025: 4017: 3940: 3894: 3813: 3801: 3793: 3639: 3630: 3480: 3341: 3275:Clerical collar 3251: 3149: 3148: 3114: 3109: 3079: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3013:on July 9, 2010 3004: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2782: 2780: 2778:Tampa Bay Times 2771: 2770: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2636:. 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Oct 21, 2007 3050: 3033:"Diaper Facts" 3024: 2997: 2975: 2963: 2938: 2921: 2904: 2872: 2841: 2815: 2789: 2753: 2725: 2699: 2673: 2647: 2621: 2595: 2583: 2564:(2): 109–116. 2548: 2534: 2511: 2488: 2435: 2409: 2378: 2359: 2335: 2311: 2265: 2246: 2222: 2197: 2164: 2154:. 18 June 2023 2136: 2108: 2088: 2059: 2042: 2023: 2004: 1992: 1967: 1941: 1923: 1899: 1875: 1850: 1832: 1810: 1782:BBC – Radio4. 1774: 1748: 1731: 1705: 1688:The New Yorker 1675: 1652: 1640: 1614: 1588: 1563: 1552: 1533: 1509: 1479: 1465: 1454:on 12 May 2011 1428: 1399: 1373: 1341: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1300:Training pants 1297: 1295:Marion Donovan 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1260:Changing table 1257: 1251: 1250: 1236: 1233:Fashion portal 1220: 1217: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1164:load at home. 1109: 1106: 1087: 1084: 1029: 1026: 984:Main article: 973: 970: 959:Training pants 957:Main article: 954: 953:Training pants 951: 895: 892: 890: 887: 878: 875: 784:Main article: 781: 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1119: 1115: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1054:In 2002, the 1052: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 998: 994: 987: 978: 971: 969: 967: 960: 952: 950: 948: 942: 938: 936: 932: 931:John Rosemond 928: 924: 920: 915: 913: 909: 905: 901: 893: 888: 886: 884: 876: 874: 872: 868: 862: 860: 851: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 810:which may be 809: 800: 792: 787: 779: 772: 769: 766: 763: 762: 758: 755: 752: 749: 748: 744: 741: 738: 735: 734: 730: 727: 724: 721: 720: 716: 713: 710: 707: 706: 702: 699: 696: 693: 692: 688: 685: 682: 679: 678: 674: 671: 668: 665: 664: 660: 657: 654: 651: 650: 646: 643: 640: 637: 636: 630: 628: 626: 622: 618: 613: 610: 605: 602: 597: 595: 591: 587: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 561: 558: 554: 549: 547: 543: 539: 530: 523: 518: 516: 514: 510: 503: 478: 476: 470: 467: 465: 461: 457: 451: 448: 446: 441: 438: 433: 428: 423: 420: 416: 410: 407: 403: 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Honig " 1986:2022-10-09 1917:2024-02-16 1893:2024-02-16 1582:2019-06-16 1448:B00AY5649M 1306:References 1265:Diaper bag 1124:single use 1018:astronauts 947:bedwetting 900:diaper bag 840:suedecloth 828:microfiber 609:disposable 524:Disposable 419:Pauliström 376:safety pin 366:(1631) by 274:astronauts 270:disability 251:bedwetting 216:disposable 4996:black tie 4979:white tie 4887:Jewellery 4804:Pantyhose 4678:One-piece 4625:Nightgown 4597:Nightwear 4435:Inverness 4430:ferraiolo 4255:shadbelly 4223:Greatcoat 4190:Overcoats 4177:outerwear 4023:Underwear 3978:Miniskirt 3963:Ballerina 3880:Strapless 3858:debutante 3853:ball gown 3831:Coatdress 3772:cleanroom 3730:Religious 3725:Political 3621:Windpants 3559:Parachute 3476:Waistcoat 3454:polo neck 2897:March 31, 2798:"Welcome" 1960:March 17, 1825:March 17, 1799:cite news 1767:August 1, 1633:March 24, 1607:March 17, 1080:ovulating 1069:Blackpool 1007:dry suits 836:Polyester 425:In 1946, 289:Etymology 278:dry suits 245:, and by 61:talk page 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