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22:
614:. To utilize the full benefit of the digital dividend, the European countries at least have two steps to take: first, all member states of the European Union are requested to make sure that the switchover to digital transmission technologies will be completed by 1 January 2012. Therefore, the complete digital dividend should be made available for communication services. Second, member states shall use a standardized regulatory framework to ensure the use for the
198:
realize the potentials of the digital dividend because countries in the world will not finish the switch to digital TV simultaneously. Further it is an issue involving factors such as topography, penetration of satellite/cable services, the requirements for regional service, spectrum usage in neighboring countries, etc.
396:
The chunk of spectrum being freed from broadcasting was auctioned for commercial uses in the U.S. The 700 MHz auction, known officially as
Auction 73, concluded with 1090 provisionally winning bids covering 1091 licenses and raised a total of $ 19,120,378,000 in winning bids and $ 18,957,582,150
408:
There was a lot of excitement over the auction of C and D blocks. Block C was the prime spectrum that
Verizon and others, such as Google, were interested in. This block covered two 11 MHz chunks of spectrum that could be bid on together, making 22 MHz available. Besides the bidders of this
404:
The auction went the following way: part of the available spectrum, which spans 698–806 MHz, had already been auctioned off, some of it is reserved for the nationwide public safety broadband network that will be constructed over the next few years. The remaining was divided up into A,B,C,D, and
451:
Verizon
Wireless paid more than $ 4.6 billion for licenses covering the contiguous 48 states as well as Hawaii. Triad 700 L.L.C. picked up C-Block licenses covering Alaska, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, while Small Ventures USA L.P. bought the license for the C Block covering the Gulf of
197:
One proposal to utilize the digital dividend is to develop an international mobile service using frequencies which will be released after the completion of digital transition in a global range. This part spectrum suits for 3G mobile telecommunication service. However, it would be difficult to fully
335:
But not all of them agree with the point. Those who do not agree, argued that this approach suffers from the trade-off between reach and speed significantly limit scalability of the network. If the transmission demands grow at current rates, a wireless broadband access network covering large areas
433:
Verizon
Wireless and U.S. Cellular Corp. got 25 licenses each. But no one company dominated the A-Block. Other notable winners included CenturyTel Inc. and Cellular South. Verizon Wireless's licenses mainly covered densely populated urban areas, while U.S. Cellular was focused on the ones for the
412:
The block D licenses covers two 5 MHz sections for a total of 10 MHz. This block is special compared with other blocks because the winners must be part of the Public Safety/Private
Partnership established by the FCC. Therefore, the winner's wireless network has to be good enough to meet
420:
There were some other conditions for the winners of blocks A, B, C, and E. For blocks A, B and E, winners needed to cover at least 35 percent of the territory of their license within four years, and a full 70 percent of the territory within 10 years. For block C the winners were also required to
205:
revised the allocation of a portion of UHF spectrum for mobile broadband services and advanced mobile services. Although the allocations set a framework, they do not dictate member countries how to allocate digital dividend spectrum. Rather they can take national requirements into consideration.
400:
Due to its physical attributes, 700 MHz band penetrates walls fairly easily and well. This makes this chunk of spectrum perfect for either cellular or long-range wireless broadband. A telco could build a powerful wireless network by holding it. An ISP could also make a fortune with it.
138:
As a result of the technological transition, a significant number of governments are now planning for or allocating their digital dividends. For examples, the United States completed its transition on 12 June 2009 and auctioned the spectrum. Meanwhile, Australia is still planning for it.
413:
public safety specifications for coverage and redundancy. Furthermore, the winner could operate two public safety portions, 10 MHz, as a commercial network. Commercial traffic can also be carried over the public safety portion of the network as long as it is not being utilized.
270:, identified the band or portions of the band 698–790 MHz for the implementation of IMT. Meanwhile, the spectrum 698–960 MHz was planned for implementation of IMT in global region two, the Americas. However, part of the spectrum, 806–960 MHz, is already used for
409:
chunk, the other reason drawing attention to this block was that Google convinced the FCC to load up with two open-access provisions: (i) the winner has to make the network open so any "safe" device can use it; (ii) they have to make their own networked devices open as well.
442:
AT&T Mobility got one-third of the available licenses, spending $ 6.6 billion. U.S. Cellular snapped 127 licenses which are near its current market clusters in the
Midwest, Northeast and Northwest. Verizon Wireless scooped up 77 B-Block licenses.
416:
The blocks A, B, and E covered 30 MHz in total. The licenses for each of the blocks were only good for small geographic areas. The FCC's intention was that the winners would use the spectrum for regional or rural area telecommunication services.
405:
E blocks, regionally. Every bidder was supposed to secretly declare their intent to the FCC before the auction, but Google did not comply and kept its intentions secret. Winners picked up their allocations around two months after the auction.
135:), with its midpoint being chosen precisely as 666 MHz. However, the location and size of digital dividend vary among countries due to the factors including geographical position and penetration of satellite/cable services.
421:
cover 40 percent of the territory within four years, 75 percent coverage within 10 years. The FCC will automatically reclaim "unserved portions of the license area" from companies that do not meet the build-out requirements.
155:(UHF) bands. After the completion of digital transition, part of this spectrum will be released as digital dividend to provide a range of new communication services. Proposed utilization of the released spectrum includes:
424:
Not all of the licenses were sold. On April 15, 2011, the FCC announced that they would hold auction 92 on July 19, 2011, to sell the available license of 700 MHz. The results for all of the blocks were as follows:
468:
EchoStar Corp, satellite television provider, picked up 168 of the total 176 E-Block licenses for more than $ 711 million. Qualcomm also bought 5 licenses covering markets in
California, Arizona and the Northeast.
755:
758:
to identify issues and options for releasing spectrum after analog television is switched off. Kordia found that it is possible for 126 MHz of UHF spectrum to be released as a digital dividend.
297:
growth. Usually GDP growth leads to job creations. One good thing about mobile broadband is that mobile penetration is much higher than PC penetration, that means mobile broadband will help to the
178:
Analog television spectrum in the UHF bands is valuable to potential purchasers because of its ability to carry signals over long distances, penetrate buildings and carry large amounts of data.
865:
1019:
147:
In countries where the digital television transition has not yet finished, over-the-air broadcasting services are still using radio-frequency spectrum in what is known as the
324:
are needed to cover a given area. Therefore, the cost to provide broadband in remote rural areas could be significantly reduced. In the past, a profitable roll out of
502:
won nine licenses for a total of around $ 500 million: B-Block licenses covering Yuba City and
Imperial, Calif., and Hunterdon, N.J.; and five E Block licenses.
556:
386:
231:
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1059:
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on whether to abolish or at least scale back restrictions on foreign investment considered among the most restrictive in the G8 group of countries.
779:
Based on the political and technological considerations
Australia government's target digital dividend is 126 MHz of contiguous UHF spectrum.
818:
738:, the digital dividend auction was held in 2014 to allocate 108 MHz of spectrum from 698 to 804 MHz. This followed a consultation by
849:
496:
Triad 700 L.L.C. took the Alaska and Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin
Islands licenses and Small Ventures USA L.P. took the Gulf of Mexico license.
116:
to protect stations from each other, in turn allowing stations to be repacked into fewer channels, leaving more contiguous spectrum to be
717:
1101:
1026:
483:'s winnings covered seven of the 10 regional C-Block licenses, as well as 77 licenses in the B Block and 25 licenses in the A Block.
282:
Experts see several benefits of using the freed spectrum for mobile broadband because it is cheaper than fixed broadband to provide
539:, owned by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, won two licenses, in the Seattle/Tacoma and Portland/Salem markets, for $ 112 million.
511:
Chevron walked away with the A, B and E blocks covering the Gulf of Mexico, most likely for the company's oil operations there.
328:
broadband infrastructure is not feasible because the necessary investments to cover the long distances are too high. However,
1177:
1073:
283:
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61:
1133:. Australian Government - Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy. January 2010. Archived from
890:
Dholakia, Nikhilesh; Kshetri, Nir (2005-11-13). "Digital Divide to Digital Dividend". Social Science Research Network.
202:
1182:
293:. McKinsey's report suggested that every 10% increase in household broadband penetration will bring 1.4% increase of
1087:
1049:
Fitch Ratings (2009), “European Telecoms – Spectrum Issues for the Fore”, Telecommunications EMEA Special Report, 7.
606:
has not yet worked out a specific plan on how to use the freed spectrum. According to the visions of trans-European
1134:
729:
271:
85:
73:
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1187:
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800 MHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz – mid-2010 but might be delayed by legal challenges
181:
Many countries favour using a part of the digital dividend for electronic communications services, such as
615:
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182:
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132:
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65:
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Mobile broadband could be used to serve people living in rural area and low income groups, such as
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using the spectrum of the digital dividend offers an opportunity to overcome the digital divide.
329:
186:
89:
77:
632:
Table: Spectrum auction plans for the digital dividend and left-over 2G and 3G spectrum in 2009
230:
use the spectrum range 790–960 MHz, which is one of the bands dedicated to the roll-out of
1162:
1109:
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will be likely outdated before being deployed. Therefore, the digital divide will still exist.
1025:. Analysis Mason Limited, DotEcon Limited, Hogan & Hartson LLP. 2009-05-05. Archived from
903:
891:
81:
895:
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109:
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Of the 214 applicants approved to bid in the FCC's auction, 101 walked away with spectrum.
916:
853:
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105:
1108:. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. 2009-11-13. Archived from
585:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
316:
Some researchers argued that digital dividend could provide opportunity to bridging the
35:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
603:
543:
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57:
189:. These new services would utilize the upper part of the UHF band (790–862 MHz).
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an independent engineering consultancy firm, Kordia Pty Ltd, was commissioned by the
523:
321:
96:. However, the primary reason is that digital transmissions require much less of a
994:
533:
Inc. spent close to $ 150 million for 48 B-Block licenses and 21 A-Block licenses.
168:
Commercial Wireless Broadband services, both to fixed locations and mobile devices
127:
The digital dividend usually locates at frequency bands from 174 to 230 MHz (
625:
The EU published a schedule table in the 2009 Report for the European Commission
536:
460:
No licenses were sold in this block and new auctions were scheduled to sell it.
263:
255:
211:
689:
800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.8 GHz, 1.9 GHz, 2.6 GHz – Q4 2012
1163:
The 700MHz spectrum band: market driversand harmonisation challenges worldwide
941:
Picot, Arnold; Grove, Nico; Jondral, Friedrich K.; Elsner, Jens (2009-07-29).
530:
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Cavalier Wireless spent $ 61.8 million for licenses across the A and B Blocks.
325:
235:
97:
93:
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308:. It could provide them medical, educational and other general information.
267:
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320:. They argued that because of the characteristics of this spectrum fewer
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Wireless Broadband services for public safety and disaster relief (PPDR)
735:
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sub-band for electronic communications services throughout the EU (
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mobile wireless, economists predict that it will bring €50 billion
508:
scored only one license, the A Block for Boston, for $ 313 million.
492:
The remaining C-block licenses were won by a number of operators:
251:
247:
243:
239:
1060:"El gobierno iniciará éste año la licitación del espectro móvil"
223:
1074:"Jazztel estudia convertirse en operadora mĂłvil con red propia"
756:
Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy
366:. The reason given is: 600 mHz?? other purchases? lots missing.
698:
800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.6 GHz – 2011
662:
800 MHz and 2.6 GHz – 2010; 700 MHz - Q4 2015
565:
348:
92:
using the same amount of spectrum used to transmit one analog
15:
76:
that has been used for broadcasting will be freed-up because
943:"Why the Digital Dividend will not close the Digital Divide"
174:
Services ancillary to broadcasting and programming (SAB/SAP)
607:
1088:"Orange y Yoigo obtienen las licencias en 900 y 1.800 MHz"
1020:"'Exploiting the digital dividend' – a European approach"
761:
The government also have some other factors to consider:
526:
won 152 licenses for $ 401 million in the A and B Block.
112:. Because of this, there is no longer any need to leave
868:. McKinsey & Company. February 2009. Archived from
819:"Select Critical Issues with a Commercial Sector Focus"
627:'Exploiting the digital dividend' – a European approach
206:Countries in global regions one and three, such as
80:needs less spectrum than analog television, due to
546:spent $ 191.5 million on A- and B-Block licenses.
234:. Some countries in global region three, such as
995:"Summary of Top 10 Winners by Net Winning Bids"
489:spent $ 6.64 billion for 227 B-Block licenses.
847:international mobile telecommunications (IMT)
232:international mobile telecommunications (IMT)
8:
557:2016 United States wireless spectrum auction
387:United States 2008 wireless spectrum auction
825:. Mobile Satellite Ventures. Archived from
765:The uncertainty of future uses of spectrum;
706:800 MHz and 2.6 GHz – late-2012
340:Digital dividend policies around the world
634:
520:won $ 304 million in the A and B blocks.
104:, since they are not nearly as prone to
809:
72:to digital-only platforms, part of the
912:
901:
772:with other major developed countries;
7:
1001:. Wireless Strategy, LLC. 2008-03-24
60:which is released in the process of
718:member states of the European Union
203:World Radiocommunication Conference
930:Digital Divide to Digital Dividend
817:Manner, Jennifer A. (2007-09-19).
434:Midwest, Northeast and Northwest.
14:
972:. FCC. 2012-06-19. Archived from
866:"Mobile Broadband for the Masses"
716:has been completed in all of the
88:technology can transmit numerous
570:
353:
278:Benefits of mobile broadband use
131:) and from 470 to 862 MHz (
20:
312:For bridging the digital divide
1131:"Digital dividend green paper"
193:Allocation for mobile services
1:
714:digital television transition
62:digital television transition
660:Fourth 3G license – Q4 2009
506:MetroPCS Communications Inc.
966:"Auction 73 - 700 MHz Band"
542:Regional wireless provider
1204:
727:
554:
529:Regional telecom operator
384:
1106:Digital Transition Models
768:Australia needs to align
730:700 MHz auction in Canada
649:Fourth 3G license – 2010
579:This section needs to be
452:Mexico. Also in Tanzania
362:This article needs to be
272:mobile telecommunications
149:Very High Frequency (VHF)
86:digital video compression
84:. One reason is that new
29:This article needs to be
162:Advanced Mobile Services
74:electromagnetic spectrum
1158:FCC - 700 MHz Band
799:White spaces (database)
687:2.6 GHz – Q1 2010
679:2.6 GHz – 2010/11
66:television broadcasters
1102:"The Digital Dividend"
852:March 6, 2009, at the
274:in global region two.
159:Digital Terrestrial TV
1178:Broadcast engineering
397:in net winning bids.
299:broadband penetration
183:mobile communications
794:White spaces (radio)
770:spectrum allocations
651:2.6 GHz – 2010
551:600 MHz Auction
392:700 MHz Auction
301:to increase faster.
291:economic development
289:It could facilitate
153:Ultra High Frequency
620:European Commission
165:Broadcast Mobile TV
90:digital subchannels
1183:Digital television
518:Cox Communications
330:wireless broadband
187:wireless broadband
78:digital television
911:Missing or empty
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487:AT&T Mobility
383:
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110:adjacent channels
82:lossy compression
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789:Spectrum auction
775:Public interest.
712:As of 2015, the
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616:790–862 MHz
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481:Verizon Wireless
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612:economic growth
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143:Potential uses
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1090:(in Spanish).
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1139:. Retrieved
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1034:. Retrieved
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974:the original
970:FCC auctions
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