443:
327:
22:
790:
1369:
432:
899:: at home, in the yard, when resting on the way to the cemetery, as well as in the grave. This is a definite rule that finds continuity in archaeological material throughout the Middle Ages and Illyrian times. Another common practice consists in making a circle of small white stones outside the grave, also associated with the cult of the Sun. This tradition too finds echoes in Illyrian times, when a ring of stones was placed around the
31:
1250:
865:"In the closed circle dance, having the fire in the center, the first ritual element is found, interlaced with choreographic motives, which classify this dance in the ritual category. The cult of fire, an important basic and ancient element, and the closed circle of the performers, a very important fact for the ritualistic choreography, create the main axis of the dance."
233:, which is seen as a mythological extension of the cult of the Sun and the Moon, widely observed in Albanian traditional art. In Albanian traditions, kulshedra is also fought by the Daughter of the Moon and the Sun, who uses her light power against pride and evil, or by other heroic characters marked in their bodies by the symbols of celestial objects, such as
496:), which was often represented as a crescent. So, the patterns of Catholic tattoos in Bosnia, which until then were known as "circles, semicircles, and lines or twigs", eventually were clearly explained as compounds of rayed (emanating light) suns, moons, and crosses, from an expression of Nature-worship and hearth-worship. Furthermore, the crosses (including
1152:
The old rites of this festivity were accompanied by collective fires based on the house, kinship or neighborhood, a practice performed in order to give strength to the Sun according to the old beliefs. The rites related to the cult of vegetation, which expressed the desire for increased production in
757:
In
Albanian mythology and folklore, the supremacy of the deity of the sky over that of the underworld is symbolized by the victory of celestial divine heroes against kulshedra (often described as an earthly/chthonic deity or demon). Those celestial divine heroes are often drangue (the most widespread
491:
for a description of all the little lines (or twigs) that accompanied a semicircle incised on an old gravestone. They answered that those twigs were "the light coming from the Moon, of course". For
Albanians, the twigs or little lines were the traditional way to represent light, emanated from the Sun
1120:
the blood of the sacrificed animal is poured during the slaughter in the corner that was on the east side, where the Sun rises; in order for the house to stand and for good luck, the owner of the house throws silver or golden coins in the same corner of the house; the lady of the house throws there
1108:
Animal sacrifices for new buildings is a pagan practice widespread among
Albanians. At the beginning of the construction of the new house, the foundation traditionally starts with prayers, in a 'lucky day', facing the Sun, starting after sunrise, during the growing Moon, and an animal is slaughered
3946:
Religija i mit kao poticaj rimskoj provincijalnoj plastici. Akti VIII. međunarodnog kolokvija o problemima rimskog provincijalnog umjetničkog stvaralaštva / Religion and myth as an impetus for the Roman provincial sculpture. The
Proceedings of the 8th International Colloquium on Problems of Roman
1193:
A series of rituals of a magical character are performed with the buzmi, which, based on old beliefs, aims at agricultural plant growth and for the prosperity of production in the living thing (production of vegetables, trees, vineyards, etc.). This practice has been traditionally found among all
451:
Tattoo patterns of northern
Albanians (top); tattoo patterns of Catholic women (and one man) in Bosnia (bottom). Drawn by Edith Durham in the early 20th century. Many of those patterns also appear on Albanian traditional art (graves, jewellery and house carvings). They are symbols of celestial,
412:
the symbol of the Sun is associated with immortality and a right to rule. The pagan cult of the Sun was almost identical to the
Christian cult in the first centuries of Christianity. Varieties of the symbols of the Sun that Christian orders brought in the region found in the Albanian highlands
873:. Meanwhile, the lady of the house gives them two chicken eggs. In the morning of Verëza and Shëngjergji, the old lady of the house ties knots to the chain of the hearth and says an incantation formula, then she lights the fire, which with all its power burns the demons and evil.
824:
as the offspring of the Sun. The place of the ignition of fire is traditionally built in the center of the house and of circular shape representing the Sun. Traditionally the fire of the hearth is identified with the existence of the family and it is worshiped as a deity
853:
region consists in young people performing a dance on the "way of the Sun", in the east–west direction near the burning ritual fire, with which evil spirits, demons that endanger health, purification, prosperity, blessing and the beginning of the seasons are burned.
322:
and birds (eagles). In those plaques there is a mythological representation of the celestial deity: the Sun deity animated with a face and two wings, throwing lightning into a fire altar, which in some plaques is held by two men (sometimes on two boats).
1121:
unwashed wool. These things are to remain buried in the foundation of the house that is being built. The relatives of the house owner throw money on the foundation of the house as well, but that money is taken by the craftsman who builds the house. In
350:
in the broad
Illyrian territory. The same motifs were kept with identical cultural-religious symbolism on various monuments of the early medieval culture of the Albanians. They appear also on later funerary monuments, including the medieval tombstones
750:, a clash between forces of order and chaos. In Albanian tradition the clash between drangue and kulshedra, light and darkness, is furthermore seen as a mythological representation of the cult of the Sun and the Moon, widely observed in
770:("drop of the sky" or "lightning"), which falls everywhere from heaven on the mountains and the valleys and strikes pride and evil, or by other heroic characters marked in their bodies by the symbols of celestial objects, such as
786:) are associated with the cosmic cycle and the rhythms of agricultural and pastoral life. The practices associated with ritual fires among Albanians have been historically fought by the Christian clergy, without success.
911:
The old pagan cult of the mountain and mountain tops is widespread among
Albanians. Pilgrimages to sacred mountains take place regularly during the year. This ancient practice is still preserved today, notably in
704:
are traditionally lit by
Albanians in yards everywhere, especially on high places, with the function to drive away the darkness of the winter season allowing nature's renewal and for the strengthening of the Sun.
1157:
tests with crackling in the fire or with coins in ritual bread, making and consuming ritual foods, performing various magical ritualistic actions in livestock, fields, vineyards and orchards, and so on.
157:("the Beauty of the Sky"), a phrase that is used in pagan contexts for the Sun, the god of light and giver of life who fades away the darkness of the world and melts the frost, allowing the renewal of
2531:
Those traditions have also been found among other
European peoples. Besides being rituals for the cult of the Sun, they could have been mythic-ritualistic practices to preserve the memory of the
257:
originally meaning "yellow, golden, bright/shiny one" used to refer to the Sun due to its perceived sacred nature. The commonly accepted historical linguistic evolution of the word is: Albanian
1341:
until the 20th century. She has been described by scholars as a heaven goddess and a goddess of agriculture, livestock, and earth fertility, as suggested by the sacred ritual dedicated to her.
1129:
highlands a ram or a rooster is slaughered on the foundation and then their heads are buried there; the owners of the house throw coins as well as seeds of different plants on the foundation.
834:
The ritual collective fires (based on the house, kinship, or neighborhood) or bonfires in yards (especially on high places) lit to celebrate the main traditional Albanian festivities before
696:) that marks the beginning of the period of the year when daylight prevails over night, "the Beauty of the Sky" is the human who is dressed in yellow personifying the Sun, worshiped as the
194:) is the symbol of fire as the offspring of the Sun. In some folk tales, myths and legends the Sun and the Moon are regarded as husband and wife, also notably appearing as the parents of
1149:(1811 – 1869) reported that clergy, during his time and before, have vigorously fought the pagan rites that were practiced by Albanians to celebrate this festivity, but without success.
117:– worship and rituals are particularly related to the cult of the Sun. Ritual calendar fires or bonfires are traditionally kindled before sunrise in order to give strength to the Sun.
956:
and many others. In Albanian folk beliefs the mountain worship is strictly related to the cult of Nature in general, and the cult of the Sun in particular. Prayers to the Sun, ritual
1170:'s night", is celebrated between December 22 and January 6. Buzmi is a ritualistic piece of wood (or several pieces of wood) that is put to burn in the fire of the hearth (Albanian
869:
On the feast of Verëza, in Opojë girls go from house to house early in the morning, and two by two they go near the fire of the hearth and stir it saying to the lady of the house:
487:, who extensively studied Balkan traditional tattoing with fieldwork research, was able to thoroughly explain the patterns of traditional tattoos only after asking to Albanians of
3944:
Dobruna-Salihu, Exhlale (2005). "Cult symbols and images on funerary monuments of the Roman Period in the central section in Dardania". In M. Sanadaer, A. Rendić-Miočević (ed.).
1302:
are traditionally lit in yards everywhere, especially on high places, with the function to drive away the darkness of the winter season and for the strengthening of the Sun.
2510:
1282:, the first day of the new year (which is March 14 in the Gregorian calendar). In the old Albanian calendar, Verëza corresponds to the first three days of the new year (
4236:
Koch, Harold (2015). "Patterns in the diffusion of nomenclature systems: Australian subsections in comparison to European days of the week". In Dag T.T. Haug (ed.).
198:("the Daughter of the Moon and the Sun"); in others the Sun and the Moon are regarded as brother and sister, but in this case they are never considered consorts.
99:
customs, beliefs, rituals, myths, and legends. The Sun exercises a great influence on Albanian major traditional festivities and calendar rites, worshiped as the
1019:
According to Albanian folk beliefs, the Sun makes the sky cloudy or clears it up. Albanians used to invoke the Sun with rainmaking and soil fertility rituals.
1202:
in Greece until the first half of the 20th century, and it is still preserved in remote Albanian ethnographic regions today. It is considered a custom of
3769:
Belgiorno de Stefano, Maria Gabriella (2014). "La coesistenza delle religioni in Albania. Le religioni in Albania prima e dopo la caduta del comunismo".
708:
The most famous Albanian mythological representation of the dualistic struggle between good and evil, light and darkness, is the constant battle between
1298:, the period of the year when daylight is longer than night. It is celebrated both in the Northern and Southern regions, but with regional differences.
473:, grave art, jewellery and house carvings. They are symbols of celestial, light, fire and hearth worship, expressing the favor of the light within the
838:
are related to the cult of the Sun, and in particular they are practiced with the function to give strength to the Sun according to the old beliefs.
4522:
Treimer, Karl (1971). "Zur Rückerschliessung der illyrischen Götterwelt und ihre Bedeutung für die südslawische Philologie". In Henrik Barić (ed.).
318:
in later times. The plaques depict simultaneously sacred representations of the sky and the sun, and symbolism of lighning and fire, as well as the
1069:
The Sun used to be also invoked when reappearing after the rain, prayed for increased production in agriculture. A documented invocation song was:
1174:) on the night of a winter celebration that falls after the return of the Sun for summer (after the winter solstice), sometimes on the night of
4547:
4379:
4343:
4247:
4016:
3156:
2728:
2716:
2704:
2503:
3826:
70:) to drive away the darkness of the winter season allowing nature's renewal and for the strengthening of the Sun, traditionally by litting
4371:
1142:
Albanian traditional festivities around the winter solstice celebrate the return of the Sun for summer and the lengthening of the days.
4242:. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Vol. 334. With the assistance of: Eiríkur Kristjánsson. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
4571:
4493:
4136:
763:
195:
4512:
4472:
4449:
4239:
Historical Linguistics 2013: Selected papers from the 21st International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Oslo, 5-9 August 2013
4218:
4187:
4166:
4115:
3954:
3920:
3845:
3803:
379:. Such motifs are particularly related to the ancient cults of the Sun and Moon, survived until recently among northern Albanians.
2496:
736:– like drangue – who fights and slays a huge multi-headed serpent associated with water, storms, and drought – like kulshedra –
177:
in Albanian tradition). In Albanian pagan beliefs and mythology the Sun is animistically personified as a male deity. The Moon (
4318:
3866:
2252:
4299:
Gjergj Fishta und das albanische Heldenepos Lahuta e Malcís, Laute des Hochlandes: eine Einführung in die albanische Sagenwelt
782:
In Albanian tradition the fire worship and rituals are particularly related to the cult of the Sun. Calendar fires (Albanian:
2478:
1309:
751:
470:
143:
442:
2428:
737:
166:
1203:
1153:
agriculture and animal husbandry, were accompanied by animal sacrifices to the fire, lighting pine trees at night, luck
274:
202:("the Mother of the Sun" or "the Sun's Mother") also appears as a personified deity in Albanian folk beliefs and tales.
990:, etc.), which has been given to mountains in association with the cult of the mountain peaks and the cult of the Sun.
4606:
4596:
3795:
2414:
2233:
2300:
493:
180:
4039:"The Sister-Brother Recognition Motif in the Albanian Folk Ballad: Meaning and Contexts within the National Culture"
306:, which finds correspondences with Albanian folk beliefs and practices, is provided by 6th century BCE plaques from
4601:
4591:
4084:
2310:
2290:
2148:
505:
165:
invoke the Sky and the Sun. In Albanian tradition the Sun is referred to as an "eye", which is a reflection of the
109:
2540:
2384:
1294:
season (the second half of the year) and the beginning of the "summer" season (the first half of the year) on the
1116:
the sacrificed animal is placed on the foundation, with its head placed towards the east, where the Sun rises. In
1003:
4407:
Sela, Jonida (2017). "Values and Traditions in Ritual Dances of All-Year Celebrations in Korça Region, Albania".
1027:
987:
771:
234:
346:
symbols used on funeral monuments of the pre-Roman period have been used also in Roman times and continued into
124:
in 1534, but the Sun and the Moon have been preserved as sacred elements of Albanian tradition since antiquity.
2532:
2285:
1190:
or on any other occasion aound the same period, a tradition that is originally related to the cult of the Sun.
335:
58:"), northern Albanian dish (right). They are figurative representations of the Sun, traditionally eaten during
945:
120:
Albanians were firstly described in written sources as worshippers of the Sun and the Moon by German humanist
3949:. Golden marketing-Tehniéka knjiga. Odsjek za arheologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. pp. 343–350.
2238:
2174:
741:
529:
521:
147:
1145:
The Albanian traditional rites during the winter solstice period are pagan, and very ancient. Albanologist
700:
and giver of life, who fades away the darkness of the world and melts the frost. To celebrate Dita e Verës
326:
4616:
4557:
356:
1195:
4307:
Lelaj, Olsi (2015). "Mbi tatuazhin në shoqërinë shqiptare" [On Tattoo in the Albanian Society].
2536:
1146:
409:
2390:
2409:
2403:
2362:
1582:
1023:
1008:
660:
206:
162:
1308:– who collected Albanian ethnographic material from northern Albania and Montenegro – reported that
1112:
The practice continues with variations depending on the Albanian ethnographic area. For instance in
408:
into the Roman period and later are considered to have been the product of the Illyrian culture. In
4611:
3892:
3861:
1218:
1125:
a ram is slaughered at the foundation, and the head of the ram is placed on the foundation. In the
789:
619:) is a reflection of the Indo-European belief according to which the Sun is the eye of the Sky-God
21:
4224:
4060:
3991:
3934:
2064:
1742:
1483:
964:
have been common practices performed by Albanians during the ritual pilgrimage on mountain tops.
478:
4389:
1222:
953:
161:. According to folk beliefs, the Sun makes the sky cloudy or clears it up. Albanian rituals for
876:
Ashes are believed to have healing properties, especially when children have been taken by the
4567:
4543:
4508:
4489:
4468:
4460:
4445:
4375:
4339:
4322:
4309:
4262:
4243:
4214:
4198:
4183:
4162:
4132:
4111:
4012:
3950:
3916:
3880:
3841:
3799:
3774:
2280:
1921:
1902:
1654:
1326:
1321:
1283:
1187:
971:
961:
895:
Accordin to Albanian tradition, when a person dies, they must be positioned always facing the
846:
745:
474:
453:
383:
199:
132:
96:
84:
4206:
4050:
3983:
3870:
2345:
2079:
1946:
1713:
1687:
1517:
1429:
1424:
1253:
Albanian woman with traditional decorations, during the Illyrian carnivals, celebrating the
501:
128:
121:
4533:
3930:
2432:
2399:
2336:
2165:
2123:
2093:
1668:
1639:
1522:
1410:
1360:
1279:
1258:
949:
800:
431:
376:
3815:"Branisllav Kërstiq, Indeks motiva narodnih pesama balkanskih Slovena SANU, Beograd 1984"
1965:
1941:
1728:
1458:
1434:
1271:
1266:
1254:
1238:
1122:
842:
691:
59:
4027:
1312:
of girls was practiced on March 19, which falls in the days of the spring celebrations.
400:. Among the Illyrians of early Albania the Sun was a widespread symbol. The spread of a
2193:
1985:
1960:
1863:
1682:
1621:
1503:
1463:
1330:
983:
841:
A typical ritual practiced before sunrise during major traditional festivities such as
347:
150:), good omens, and curse formulas, involve and are addressed to, or taken by, the Sun.
334:
in the early 20th century. They are representations of the Sun (Dielli) and the Moon (
4585:
4422:. Vol. 1. Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës, Instituti i Historisë dhe Gjuhësisë.
4228:
4064:
3788:
2419:
1975:
1853:
1828:
1808:
1607:
1562:
1498:
1400:
1295:
1179:
729:
688:). During the ceremonial ritual of celebration of the first day of spring (Albanian:
664:
488:
386:
210:
4150:(PhD) (in Albanian). Tirana: University of Tirana, Faculty of History and Philology.
4128:
Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania
4101:
4002:
2088:
1878:
1779:
1733:
1708:
1698:
1572:
1557:
1493:
1395:
1305:
804:
759:
697:
624:
509:
484:
405:
397:
393:
331:
307:
174:
114:
100:
1034:(Mount "Holy Sun"). Children used to dress a boy with fresh branches, calling him
1031:
975:
4561:
4537:
4523:
4483:
4439:
4433:(Thesis). University of Copenhagen, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics.
4428:
4417:
4393:
4297:
4286:
4275:
4237:
4177:
4156:
4148:
Marrëdhënie të miteve dhe kulteve të bregdetit të Jonit me areale të tjera mitike
4126:
4105:
4073:
4006:
3987:
3910:
3896:
3835:
3814:
3906:
2378:
2188:
2069:
2059:
2005:
979:
933:
858:
733:
463:
319:
136:
30:
4259:
Revista Santuários, Cultura, Arte, Romarias, Peregrinações, Paisagens e Pessoas
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1249:
413:
sympathetic supporters, enriching the body of their symbols with new material.
2597:
2438:
2372:
2179:
2074:
1906:
1788:
1602:
1473:
1385:
1226:
1154:
368:
254:
63:
4326:
4266:
3884:
3778:
1337:
called "the funeral of the Sun's Mother" was very widespread in southeastern
469:, is commonly found in a variety of contexts of Albanian folk art, including
452:
light, fire and hearth worship, expressing the favor of the light within the
225:
renewal. The most famous representation of it is the constant battle between
142:, is commonly found in a variety of contexts of Albanian folk art, including
135:. The symbolization of the cult of the Sun, which is often combined with the
4430:
Sigmatic Verbal Formations in Anatolian and Indo-European: A Cladistic Study
3875:
3856:
2331:
2098:
2009:
1995:
1892:
1873:
1468:
1199:
713:
497:
343:
311:
230:
125:
55:
39:
4055:
4038:
3936:
DPEWA - Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen
2469:
2357:
2160:
2030:
1951:
1723:
1344:
Nëna e Diellit also appears as a personified deity in Albanian folk tales.
462:
The symbolization of the cult of the Sun, which is often combined with the
352:
4288:
Die geflügelte Schwester und die Dunklen der Erde: Albanische Volksmärchen
4210:
4075:
Islam in Albanian Lands During the First Two Centuries of the Ottoman Rule
2462:
2456:
2315:
2153:
2049:
2035:
2025:
1926:
1916:
1793:
1663:
1592:
1453:
1439:
1405:
1299:
1230:
1209:
The richest set of rites related to buzmi are found in northern Albania (
1171:
1167:
1113:
957:
941:
929:
925:
921:
917:
877:
814:
795:
701:
682:
In Albanian tradition the Sun is referred to as "the Beauty of the Sky" (
672:
401:
389:
315:
218:
188:
71:
4090:
3995:
3859:[Diellina, a Thracian-Dacian plant with a Proto-Albanoid name].
1038:. A typical invocation song repeated three times during the ritual was:
4400:
Traditional Songs and other Essays from the Albanian Colonies of Sicily
4353:
Poghirc, Cicerone (1987). "Albanian Religion". In Mircea Eliade (ed.).
2450:
2327:
2247:
2020:
1931:
1887:
1823:
1798:
1769:
1764:
1718:
1673:
1649:
1644:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1508:
1415:
1338:
1275:
1214:
1210:
900:
896:
835:
709:
589:
360:
303:
226:
67:
47:
630:
An expression of good omen is "be as white as the light of the sun!" (
4411:. Vol. 1. Association of Heritage and Education. pp. 62–71.
2444:
2352:
2322:
2305:
2228:
2200:
2045:
1970:
1936:
1848:
1838:
1774:
1616:
1334:
1291:
1234:
1117:
913:
850:
774:(lit. "the Fire"), who notably is born with the Sun on his forehead.
725:
676:
372:
364:
330:
Albanian traditional carving patterns on chairs and graves, drawn by
237:(lit. "the Fire"), who notably is born with the Sun on his forehead.
222:
158:
43:
4395:
Canti tradizionali ed altri saggi delle colonie albanesi di Sicilia
4357:. Vol. 1. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. pp. 178–180.
4203:
The Indo-European Language Family : A Phylogenetic Perspective
3901:. Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion. Vol. 1. Biblo and Tannen.
2366:
2340:
2169:
1812:
1753:
1597:
1567:
1248:
1126:
937:
721:
717:
668:
620:
288:
214:
170:
861:
region and called "Spring ritual" has been described as follows:
314:
tribal area of what was referred in historical sources to as the
4277:
Albanische Märchen (und andere Texte zur albanischen Volkskunde)
4125:
Galaty, Michael; Lafe, Ols; Lee, Wayne; Tafilica, Zamir (2013).
1547:
1444:
1030:, Albanians used to pray to the Sun, in particular facing Mount
821:
466:
139:
104:
51:
4257:
Krasniqi, Shensi (2014). "Pilgrimages in mountains in Kosovo".
2979:
2977:
831:). Its extinguishing is regarded as a bad omen for the family.
185:) is his female counterpart. In pagan beliefs the fire hearth (
2598:"1534. Sebastian Franck: Albania: A Mighty Province of Europe"
639:
Curse formulas include "be slaughered by the ray of the sun" (
392:, whose mother was a priestess of the Sun, promoted the Sun –
92:
4107:
A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture
3085:
3083:
766:("the Daughter of the Moon and the Sun") who is described as
659:
Albanian beliefs, myths and legends are organized around the
205:
Albanian beliefs, myths and legends are organized around the
4291:. Das Gesicht der Völker (in German). Vol. 9. Im Erich.
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
2994:
2992:
1274:
is an Albanian pagan holiday celebrated (also officially in
169:
belief according to which the Sun is the eye of the Sky-God
50:
in central Albania but very popular among Albanians (left);
4465:
Traditional Storytelling Today: An International Sourcebook
3613:
3611:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3259:
3257:
3244:
3242:
4409:
International Conference “Education and Cultural Heritage”
2964:
2962:
546:), "by the sun who makes the sky cloudy or clears it up" (
3569:
3567:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3429:
3427:
3378:
3376:
732:. The legendary battle of a heroic deity associated with
359:
and the burial monuments used until recently in northern
146:, grave art, jewellery and house carvings. Solemn oaths (
3102:
3100:
3098:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
153:
In Albanian the god who rules the sky is referred to as
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3640:
3638:
4539:
How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics
4402:] (in Albanian and Italian). Stab. tip. L. Pierro.
3857:"Diellina, një bimë trako-dake me emër proto-albanoid"
3469:
3467:
3465:
3370:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327.
3354:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327.
2837:
2835:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2586:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327.
1288:
Kryeviti, Kryet e Motmotit, Motmoti i Ri, Nata e Mojit
716:, a conflict that symbolises the cyclic return in the
3118:
3074:
2929:
2642:
2614:
1329:("the Mother of the Sun" or "the Sun's Mother") is a
4029:
Some tribal origins, laws and customs of the Balkans
3062:
2703:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFishtaLambertz1958 (
857:
Another ritual practiced during Dita e Verës in the
131:
shows that the Sun was the chief cult object of the
4158:
Myth and Symbol: Symbolism in Prehistoric Religions
1368:
4089:. Naim Frashëri Publishing Company. Archived from
3787:
338:), sometimes also rayed (symbolizing their light).
66:, celebrated by all Albanians (also officially in
4461:"The Albanian World in the Folk Teller's Stories"
4205:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–245.
3790:American, African, and Old European mythologies
3181:
2798:
1087:
1071:
1040:
863:
504:Karl Treimer as a symbol of the deified fire –
74:in yards everywhere, especially on high places.
4525:Arhiv za Arbanasku starinu, jezik i etnologiju
4078:. Department of History of Bilkent University.
3837:Flamuri i Kombit Shqiptar: origjina, lashtësia
3050:
2698:
2618:
826:
812:
744:. The original legend may have symbolized the
689:
683:
646:
640:
631:
614:
608:
602:
593:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
527:
186:
178:
4131:. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.
3819:Gjurmime Albanologjike: Folklor Dhe Etnologji
2504:
475:dualistic struggle between light and darkness
454:dualistic struggle between light and darkness
103:and giver of life. In Albanian tradition the
8:
2727:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLurker2005 (
2715:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFUshaku1988 (
2535:from the east, the original homeland of the
516:Solemn oaths, good omens, and curse formulas
4528:. Vol. I. R. Trofenik. pp. 27–33.
4467:. Translated by Pranvera Xhelo. Routledge.
3014:
811:In Albanian pagan beliefs the fire hearth (
4503:Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani (ed.).
4197:Hyllested, Adam; Joseph, Brian D. (2022).
4179:Prehistoric Religion: Mythology, Symbolism
2511:
2497:
2273:
2221:
2141:
2119:
1381:
1351:
601:The Albanian oath taken "by the eye-sun" (
4441:Gojëdhana e përrallëza të botës shqiptare
4054:
3874:
3155:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDurham1928 (
2968:
2630:
888:When somebody dies Albanians use to say:
540:), "by the sun who lights up the earth" (
508:, evidently also called with the theonym
113:, evidently also called with the theonym
3771:Stato, Chiese e Pluralismo Confessionale
3743:
3573:
3485:
3456:
3433:
3382:
3347:
3279:
2694:
2579:
1085:Another documented invocation song was:
871:Oj e zonja shpisë a e qite renin e flisë
788:
325:
302:Early evidence of the celestial cult in
3629:
3363:
3323:
3209:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3106:
3089:
3010:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2917:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2602:Texts and Documents of Albanian History
2556:
2524:
2044:
2004:
1984:
1901:
1862:
1837:
1807:
1751:
1696:
1630:
1581:
1546:
1482:
1384:
1359:
417:Cult, practices, beliefs, and mythology
3915:. Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde.
3703:
3233:
3221:
3185:
3150:
3038:
2998:
2893:
2802:
2734:
2722:
2710:
2567:
645:) and "don't see the sun ever again" (
4507:(in Albanian). Tirana: Mësonjëtorja.
3751:
3747:
3731:
3719:
3715:
3699:
3695:
3687:
3675:
3663:
3644:
3617:
3602:
3585:
3558:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3509:
3505:
3493:
3489:
3473:
3406:
3394:
3367:
3351:
3335:
3299:
3295:
3275:
3263:
3248:
3205:
3197:
3169:
3126:
3122:
2983:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2913:
2905:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2826:
2814:
2769:
2765:
2753:
2678:
2674:
2650:
2646:
2622:
2583:
2563:
1194:Albanians, also documented among the
1077:Bluajm bereqetin, të shkoj në shtëpi,
1015:Rainmaking and soil fertility rituals
7:
4463:. In Margaret Read MacDonald (ed.).
4338:(in Albanian). Skopje: Interlingua.
3912:Albanien zwischen Kreuz und Halbmond
3827:Albanological Institute of Prishtina
3691:
3418:
3311:
3291:
3201:
3026:
2909:
2881:
2786:
2682:
2626:
526:Albanians often swear solemn oaths (
4542:. London: Oxford University Press.
4372:Albanological Institute of Pristina
3933:; Neri, Sergio (2020). "díell -i".
1333:in Albanian folk beliefs. A sacred
997:) are the places where the heroes (
970:("Holy Sun") is an Albanian common
655:Dualistic worldview, cosmic renewal
4485:The Illyrians: history and culture
828:hyjni/perëndi të zjarrit të vatrës
724:world of death, accomplishing the
633:qofsh i bardhë si drita e diellit!
14:
3898:Zeus: Zeus, god of the bright sky
294:with the native name of the Sun.
1367:
1081:Bluaje të butë, si për trahana."
1079:Bluaje të butë, si për bakllava,
1058:Afterwards, people used to say:
675:, which cyclically produces the
549:Për atë diell që vran e kthiell!
441:
430:
280:"yellow, golden, bright/shiny".
221:, which cyclically produces the
95:, holds a prominent position in
29:
20:
4416:Shuteriqi, Dhimitër S. (1959).
4368:Opoja and Gora During Centuries
4319:Centre of Albanological Studies
4110:. London: Hurst & Company.
3867:Centre of Albanological Studies
3840:. Enti Botues "Gjergj Fishta".
2253:Reconciliation Movement in 1990
1060:Do kemi shi se u nxi Shëndëlliu
552:), "by the sun who got tired" (
543:Për atë diell që shndrit token!
253:) is considered to have been a
4488:(1977 ed.). Noyes Press.
4482:Stipčević, Aleksandar (1974).
4427:Søborg, Tobias Mosbæk (2020).
4086:Albanian Folktales and Legends
2124:Kanun (Albanian customary law)
1310:Albanian traditional tattooing
1104:Animal sacrifices for building
880:they are washed on the ashes.
752:Albanian traditional tattooing
1:
4563:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
4296:Lambertz, Maximilian (1949).
4285:Lambertz, Maximilian (1952).
4274:Lambertz, Maximilian (1922).
3409:, pp. 75, 113, 116, 250.
1182:), sometimes on the night of
907:Mountain tops and pilgrimages
892:"the Sun went out for them".
803:, northern Albania, drawn by
558:), "by the face of the sun" (
555:për atë diell që vete lodhur!
287:in Albanian, translating the
4355:The Encyclopedia of Religion
4201:. In Olander, Thomas (ed.).
3988:10.5771/0257-9774-2005-2-449
2566:, pp. 68, 70, 249–254;
1075:Aman millona, aman mullixhi,
1062:("We will have rain because
993:The "Mountains of the Sun" (
764:E Bija e Hënës dhe e Diellit
607:), "by the eye of the sun" (
570:), "by the eye of the sun" (
492:(Dielli) and from the Moon (
196:E Bija e Hënës dhe e Diellit
4566:. Oxford University Press.
4419:Historia e letërsisë shqipe
4362:Qafleshi, Muharrem (2011).
3796:University of Chicago Press
3182:Hyllested & Joseph 2022
2799:Hyllested & Joseph 2022
2234:Albanian National Awakening
1290:) and marks the end of the
762:among Albanians), but also
642:të thertë rrezja e diellit!
46:originating in the city of
4633:
4364:Opoja dhe Gora ndër shekuj
2699:Fishta & Lambertz 1958
1319:
1264:
884:Death and burial practices
582:), "by the ray of light" (
561:për atë fytyrë të diellit!
519:
396:– as the chief god of the
4505:Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë
4459:Sokoli, Ramadan (2013) .
3813:Bovan, Vlladimir (1985).
3492:, pp. 75, 113, 116;
3063:Belgiorno de Stefano 2014
1028:Albanian Ionian Sea Coast
1007:, the legendary cycle of
988:Albanian Ionian Sea Coast
500:) have been explained by
4438:Sokoli, Ramadan (2000).
4334:Neziri, Zeqirja (2015).
3588:, pp. 260, 340–357.
1255:Albanian spring festival
1091:Hidhna një thes miell-o,
627:in Albanian tradition).
310:, which belonged to the
269:< Pre-Proto-Albanian
4336:Lirika gojore shqiptare
4037:Dushi, Arbnora (2020).
4026:Durham, Edith (1928b).
3969:"Mythology and Destiny"
3876:10.62006/sf.v1i1-2.3089
3786:Bonnefoy, Yves (1993).
3015:Demiraj & Neri 2020
2986:, pp. 72, 127–128.
2239:Albanian revolt of 1911
1054:Gruri gjer në Perëndi."
742:Indo-European mythology
522:Besa (Albanian culture)
404:and the persistence of
4083:Elsie, Robert (1994).
4056:10.51554/TD.2020.28363
3855:Crăciun, Radu (2023).
1287:
1262:
1101:
1083:
1056:
1052:Thekëri gjer mbë çati,
867:
827:
813:
808:
690:
684:
648:mos pafsh diell me sy!
647:
641:
632:
615:
609:
603:
594:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
528:
357:Bosnia and Herzegovina
339:
187:
179:
60:Dita e Verës or Verëza
4211:10.1017/9781108758666
4176:Golan, Ariel (2003).
4155:Golan, Ariel (1991).
4146:Gjoni, Irena (2012).
4072:Egro, Dritan (2003).
3834:Brahaj, Jaho (2007).
3496:, pp. 62, 85–86.
3129:, pp. 181, 244;
2944:, pp. 181, 244;
2681:, pp. 193, 244;
2653:, pp. 181, 244;
2596:Elsie, Robert (ed.).
2541:Pontic–Caspian steppe
2537:Indo-European peoples
2479:Traditional tattooing
1316:The Mother of the Sun
1252:
1147:Johann Georg von Hahn
1133:Traditional festivals
792:
595:për këtë rreze dielli
564:), "by the eye-sun" (
471:traditional tattooing
410:Christian iconography
329:
144:traditional tattooing
3893:Cook, Arthur Bernard
3702:, pp. 259–260;
3294:, pp. 449–462;
3204:, pp. 449–462;
3172:, pp. 193, 244.
3121:, pp. 155–157;
2932:, pp. 155–157;
2912:, pp. 449–462;
2892:, pp. 259–260;
2768:, pp. 307–313;
2645:, pp. 155–157;
2621:, pp. 345–346;
2533:ancestral migrations
1583:Highlands of Gjakova
1278:) on March 1 of the
1099:Në krie të vatrësë."
1048:Se qajnë ca varfëri,
1046:Bjerë shi o Perëndi,
1009:Albanian epic poetry
613:) or "by the star" (
585:për këtë rreze drite
261:< Proto-Albanian
62:– an Albanian pagan
4011:. LO Beacon Press.
3862:Studime Filologjike
3620:, pp. 249–251.
3605:, pp. 340–341.
3326:, pp. 299–300.
3314:, pp. 358–359.
3298:, pp. 121–132;
3282:, pp. 253–254.
3266:, pp. 259–260.
3251:, pp. 253–255.
3153:, pp. 102–106.
3141:, pp. 120–125.
3092:, pp. 102–106.
3051:Dobruna-Salihu 2005
3029:, pp. 113–114.
3001:, pp. 411–439.
2956:, pp. 120–125.
2936:, pp. 91–118;
2665:, pp. 120–125.
2619:Dobruna-Salihu 2005
2194:Bukë, Kripë e Zemër
1355:Part of a series on
1204:Proto-Indo-European
1097:Që na bëri djalënë,
1093:Të martojmë lalënë,
1073:"Diell-o, Diell ti,
986:, Shëndelli in the
820:) is the symbol of
734:thunder and weather
275:Proto-Indo-European
4607:Culture of Albania
4597:Albanian mythology
4302:. O. Harrassowitz.
4280:. Wien: A. Hölder.
3773:(in Italian) (6).
3734:, pp. 259–260
3698:, pp. 93–94;
3557:, pp. 71–72;
3125:, pp. 68–82;
3119:Galaty et al. 2013
3075:Galaty et al. 2013
3053:, p. 345–346.
3013:, pp. 77–81;
2940:, pp. 68–82;
2930:Galaty et al. 2013
2888:, pp. 93–94;
2856:, pp. 72, 128
2817:, pp. 72, 128
2677:, pp. 71–72;
2649:, pp. 68–82;
2643:Galaty et al. 2013
2625:, pp. 68–70;
2615:Galaty et al. 2013
1484:Dukagjin highlands
1378:Tribes and regions
1263:
1186:, or sometimes on
1089:"Diell-o, Diell-o,
1024:rainmaking rituals
995:Bjeshkët e Diellit
809:
685:i Bukuri i Qiellit
576:), "by the star" (
479:Albanian mythology
340:
245:The Albanian word
155:i Bukuri i Qiellit
4602:Albanian folklore
4592:Albanian paganism
4549:978-0-19-514413-0
4381:978-9951-596-51-0
4345:978-9989-173-52-3
4310:Kultura Popullore
4249:978-90-272-6818-1
4043:Tautosakos Darbai
4018:978-0-8070-7035-2
3545:, pp. 68–70.
3533:, pp. 85–86.
3512:, pp. 81–87.
3459:, pp. 43–71.
3421:, pp. 64–65.
3041:, pp. 16–18.
2772:, pp. 85–86.
2756:, pp. 71–72.
2521:
2520:
2486:
2485:
2385:Kângë Kreshnikësh
2261:
2260:
2209:
2208:
2129:
2128:
2107:
2106:
1198:in Italy and the
1095:Lalë këmbëçalënë,
1044:Peperuga rrugëzaj
1004:Kângë Kreshnikësh
1001:) operate in the
962:animal sacrifices
738:is a common motif
663:struggle between
610:për sy të diellit
573:për sy të diellit
209:struggle between
133:Illyrian religion
4624:
4577:
4553:
4534:Watkins, Calvert
4529:
4518:
4499:
4478:
4455:
4434:
4423:
4412:
4403:
4390:Schirò, Giuseppe
4385:
4358:
4349:
4330:
4303:
4292:
4281:
4270:
4253:
4232:
4193:
4172:
4151:
4142:
4121:
4097:
4095:
4079:
4068:
4058:
4033:
4022:
3998:
3973:
3960:
3940:
3931:Demiraj, Bardhyl
3926:
3902:
3888:
3878:
3851:
3830:
3809:
3793:
3782:
3755:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3722:, pp. 93–94
3713:
3707:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3648:
3642:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3606:
3600:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3562:
3561:, pp. 85–86
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3513:
3503:
3497:
3488:, pp. 4–5;
3483:
3477:
3471:
3460:
3454:
3437:
3431:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3371:
3361:
3355:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3289:
3283:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3252:
3246:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3195:
3189:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3142:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3093:
3087:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2987:
2981:
2972:
2966:
2957:
2927:
2921:
2903:
2897:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2773:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2738:
2732:
2720:
2708:
2692:
2686:
2672:
2666:
2640:
2634:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2587:
2577:
2571:
2561:
2544:
2529:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2274:
2222:
2142:
2120:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1233:, as well as in
1178:on December 24 (
1166:Nata e Buzmit, "
1109:as a sacrifice.
830:
819:
799:) of a house of
695:
687:
650:
644:
635:
618:
612:
606:
597:
587:
581:
575:
569:
567:për atë sy diell
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
534:) "by the sun" (
533:
502:Indo-Europeanist
445:
434:
283:Sunday is named
249:(definite form:
193:
184:
129:material culture
122:Sebastian Franck
87:indefinite form
33:
24:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4574:
4558:West, Morris L.
4556:
4550:
4532:
4521:
4515:
4502:
4496:
4481:
4475:
4458:
4452:
4437:
4426:
4415:
4406:
4388:
4382:
4361:
4352:
4346:
4333:
4306:
4295:
4284:
4273:
4256:
4250:
4235:
4221:
4196:
4190:
4175:
4169:
4154:
4145:
4139:
4124:
4118:
4100:
4093:
4082:
4071:
4036:
4025:
4019:
4001:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3943:
3929:
3923:
3905:
3891:
3854:
3848:
3833:
3821:(in Albanian).
3812:
3806:
3785:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3758:
3746:, p. 138;
3742:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3714:
3710:
3694:, p. 236;
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3651:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3609:
3601:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3565:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3529:
3516:
3504:
3500:
3484:
3480:
3472:
3463:
3455:
3440:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3374:
3366:, p. 179;
3362:
3358:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3196:
3192:
3184:, p. 232;
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3133:, p. 178;
3117:
3113:
3105:
3096:
3088:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3065:, pp. 2–3.
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2960:
2948:, p. 178;
2928:
2924:
2904:
2900:
2884:, p. 236;
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2801:, p. 232;
2797:
2793:
2785:
2776:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2741:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2693:
2689:
2673:
2669:
2657:, p. 178;
2641:
2637:
2617:, p. 156;
2613:
2609:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2578:
2574:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2530:
2526:
2517:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2424:
2395:
2391:Kângë majekrahi
2271:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2248:Kachak movement
2243:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2184:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2084:
2040:
2000:
1980:
1956:
1897:
1883:
1858:
1833:
1803:
1784:
1747:
1738:
1692:
1678:
1659:
1626:
1612:
1577:
1542:
1513:
1478:
1449:
1420:
1386:Malësia e Madhe
1379:
1361:Albanian tribes
1350:
1324:
1318:
1280:Julian calendar
1269:
1259:Sharr Mountains
1247:
1223:Malësia e Madhe
1140:
1138:Winter solstice
1135:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1053:
1051:
1050:Me lot e logori
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1017:
982:, Shëndelli in
950:Maja e Hekurave
909:
886:
784:zjarret e vitit
780:
778:Fire and hearth
657:
524:
518:
460:
459:
458:
457:
448:
447:
446:
437:
436:
435:
424:
419:
377:North Macedonia
300:
243:
78:
77:
76:
75:
64:spring festival
36:
35:
34:
26:
25:
12:
11:
5:
4630:
4628:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4573:978-0199280759
4572:
4554:
4548:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4500:
4495:978-0815550525
4494:
4479:
4473:
4456:
4450:
4435:
4424:
4413:
4404:
4386:
4380:
4359:
4350:
4344:
4331:
4304:
4293:
4282:
4271:
4254:
4248:
4233:
4219:
4194:
4188:
4173:
4167:
4152:
4143:
4138:978-1931745710
4137:
4122:
4116:
4098:
4096:on 2009-07-28.
4080:
4069:
4034:
4023:
4017:
3999:
3982:(2): 449–462,
3961:
3955:
3947:Provincial Art
3941:
3927:
3921:
3903:
3889:
3852:
3846:
3831:
3810:
3804:
3783:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:, p. 241.
3750:, p. 98;
3736:
3724:
3718:, p. 55;
3708:
3706:, p. 124.
3690:, p. 55;
3680:
3678:, p. 254.
3668:
3666:, p. 282.
3649:
3647:, p. 250.
3634:
3632:, p. 179.
3622:
3607:
3590:
3578:
3563:
3547:
3535:
3514:
3508:, p. 75;
3498:
3478:
3461:
3438:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3372:
3356:
3350:, p. 49;
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3284:
3278:, p. 97;
3268:
3253:
3238:
3226:
3224:, p. 181.
3214:
3200:, p. 97;
3190:
3174:
3162:
3143:
3137:, p. 51;
3111:
3094:
3079:
3077:, p. 156.
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3003:
2988:
2973:
2969:Shuteriqi 1959
2958:
2952:, p. 51;
2922:
2908:, p. 97;
2898:
2896:, p. 124.
2880:, p. 55;
2870:
2858:
2846:
2831:
2819:
2807:
2791:
2789:, p. 197.
2774:
2758:
2739:
2737:, p. 181.
2697:, p. 46;
2687:
2685:, p. 197.
2667:
2661:, p. 51;
2635:
2633:, p. 182.
2631:Stipčević 1974
2629:, p. 35;
2607:
2588:
2582:, p. 49;
2572:
2570:, p. 181.
2555:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2473:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:Old Montenegro
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:Albania Veneta
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1331:mother goddess
1327:Nëna e Diellit
1322:Nëna e Diellit
1320:Main article:
1317:
1314:
1296:spring equinox
1265:Main article:
1246:
1245:Spring equinox
1243:
1188:New Year's Day
1164:
1163:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1105:
1102:
1042:"O Ilia, Ilia,
1016:
1013:
908:
905:
885:
882:
779:
776:
768:pika e qiellit
656:
653:
588:) and "by the
517:
514:
450:
449:
440:
439:
438:
429:
428:
427:
426:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
348:late antiquity
299:
296:
242:
239:
200:Nëna e Diellit
97:Albanian pagan
38:
37:
28:
27:
19:
18:
17:
16:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4629:
4618:
4617:Light deities
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4575:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4520:
4516:
4514:99927-938-9-9
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4480:
4476:
4474:9781135917142
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4451:9789992713198
4447:
4443:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4220:9781108758666
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4189:9789659055500
4185:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4170:
4168:9789652222459
4164:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4117:1-85065-570-7
4113:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4102:Elsie, Robert
4099:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:Durham, Edith
4000:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3956:953-212-242-7
3952:
3948:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3922:9783701624614
3918:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3847:9789994338849
3843:
3839:
3838:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3805:0-226-06457-3
3801:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3744:Lambertz 1952
3740:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3576:, p. 55.
3575:
3574:Qafleshi 2011
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3486:Krasniqi 2014
3482:
3479:
3476:, p. 74.
3475:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3457:Qafleshi 2011
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3436:, p. 50.
3435:
3434:Qafleshi 2011
3430:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3397:, p. 91.
3396:
3391:
3388:
3385:, p. 49.
3384:
3383:Qafleshi 2011
3379:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3348:Qafleshi 2011
3344:
3341:
3338:, p. 97.
3337:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3302:, p. 97.
3301:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3280:Bonnefoy 1993
3277:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3236:, p. 37.
3235:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3212:, p. 179
3211:
3208:, p. i;
3207:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3188:, p. 74.
3187:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3109:, p. 32.
3108:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3017:: "díell -i".
3016:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2971:, p. 66.
2970:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2920:, p. 179
2919:
2916:, p. i;
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2844:, p. 90.
2843:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2805:, p. 74.
2804:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2713:, p. 101
2712:
2706:
2701:, p. 284
2700:
2696:
2695:Lambertz 1949
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:Qafleshi 2011
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Sworn virgins
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
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1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:Christmas Eve
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:Nata e Buzmit
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1086:
1082:
1070:
1067:
1066:went dark").
1065:
1061:
1055:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
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989:
985:
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977:
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965:
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935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
906:
904:
902:
898:
893:
891:
890:iu fik Dielli
883:
881:
879:
874:
872:
866:
862:
860:
855:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
832:
829:
823:
818:
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806:
802:
798:
797:
791:
787:
785:
777:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
755:
753:
749:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
703:
699:
694:
693:
686:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:good and evil
662:
654:
652:
649:
643:
637:
634:
628:
626:
622:
617:
611:
605:
604:për atë diell
599:
596:
591:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
544:
538:
537:për atë diell
532:
531:
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
486:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
455:
444:
433:
421:
416:
414:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:
387:Roman emperor
385:
380:
378:
375:and northern
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
337:
333:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
297:
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286:
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276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:good and evil
208:
203:
201:
197:
192:
190:
183:
182:
176:
172:
168:
167:Indo-European
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
118:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
23:
4562:
4538:
4524:
4504:
4484:
4464:
4440:
4429:
4418:
4408:
4399:
4394:
4367:
4363:
4354:
4335:
4314:
4308:
4298:
4287:
4276:
4258:
4238:
4202:
4182:. A. Golan.
4178:
4161:. A. Golan.
4157:
4147:
4127:
4106:
4091:the original
4085:
4074:
4046:
4042:
4028:
4008:High Albania
4007:
3979:
3975:
3965:Doja, Albert
3945:
3935:
3911:
3907:Daum, Werner
3897:
3860:
3836:
3822:
3818:
3789:
3770:
3762:Bibliography
3739:
3727:
3711:
3683:
3671:
3630:Poghirc 1987
3625:
3581:
3550:
3538:
3501:
3481:
3414:
3402:
3390:
3364:Poghirc 1987
3359:
3343:
3331:
3324:Watkins 1995
3319:
3307:
3287:
3271:
3229:
3217:
3210:Poghirc 1987
3193:
3177:
3165:
3146:
3139:Durham 1928b
3135:Durham 1928a
3131:Poghirc 1987
3114:
3107:Treimer 1971
3090:Durham 1928b
3070:
3058:
3046:
3034:
3022:
3011:Crăciun 2023
3006:
2954:Durham 1928b
2950:Durham 1928a
2946:Poghirc 1987
2925:
2918:Poghirc 1987
2901:
2873:
2868:, p. 21
2861:
2849:
2829:, p. 21
2822:
2810:
2794:
2761:
2725:, p. 38
2690:
2670:
2663:Durham 1928b
2659:Durham 1928a
2655:Poghirc 1987
2638:
2610:
2601:
2591:
2575:
2559:
2527:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2353:Gjamë/Vajtim
2295:
1631:Puka-Mirdita
1343:
1325:
1306:Edith Durham
1304:
1272:Dita e Verës
1270:
1267:Dita e Verës
1208:
1192:
1183:
1176:Kërshëndella
1175:
1165:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1111:
1107:
1088:
1084:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1041:
1035:
1021:
1018:
1002:
998:
994:
992:
967:
966:
910:
894:
889:
887:
875:
870:
868:
864:
856:
845:(Verëza) or
843:Dita e Verës
840:
833:
810:
805:Edith Durham
794:
783:
781:
767:
760:culture hero
756:
746:
707:
698:god of light
692:Dita e Verës
681:
658:
638:
629:
616:për atë hyll
600:
579:për atë hyll
525:
489:Thethi–Shala
485:Edith Durham
483:
461:
398:Roman Empire
394:Sol Invictus
381:
342:Prehistoric
341:
332:Edith Durham
308:Lake Shkodra
301:
291:
284:
282:
277:
270:
266:
262:
258:
250:
246:
244:
204:
154:
152:
119:
108:
101:god of light
88:
80:
79:
3704:Neziri 2015
3312:West (2007)
3234:Sokoli 2000
3222:Sokoli 2013
3186:Søborg 2020
3151:Durham 1928
3039:Brahaj 2007
2999:Schirò 1923
2894:Neziri 2015
2803:Søborg 2020
2735:Sokoli 2013
2723:Lurker 2005
2711:Ushaku 1988
2568:Sokoli 2013
2404:Sword dance
2363:Epic poetry
2189:Hospitality
2006:Herzegovina
1241:and so on.
984:Mallakastër
938:Mount Krujë
847:Shëngjergji
793:Fireplace (
728:renewal of
371:, southern
320:sacred tree
278:*ǵʰélh₃u̯o-
42:, Albanian
4612:Solar gods
4586:Categories
4321:: 91–118.
4199:"Albanian"
3752:Bovan 1985
3748:Elsie 2001
3732:Tirta 2004
3720:Golan 2003
3716:Golan 1991
3700:Tirta 2004
3696:Golan 2003
3688:Golan 1991
3676:Tirta 2004
3664:Tirta 2004
3645:Tirta 2004
3618:Tirta 2004
3603:Tirta 2004
3586:Tirta 2004
3559:Gjoni 2012
3555:Tirta 2004
3543:Tirta 2004
3531:Gjoni 2012
3510:Gjoni 2012
3506:Tirta 2004
3494:Gjoni 2012
3490:Tirta 2004
3474:Tirta 2004
3407:Tirta 2004
3395:Gjoni 2012
3368:Tirta 2004
3352:Tirta 2004
3336:Lelaj 2015
3300:Lelaj 2015
3296:Tirta 2004
3276:Lelaj 2015
3264:Elsie 2001
3249:Tirta 2004
3206:Elsie 1994
3198:Lelaj 2015
3170:Elsie 2001
3127:Elsie 2001
3123:Tirta 2004
2984:Tirta 2004
2942:Elsie 2001
2938:Tirta 2004
2934:Lelaj 2015
2914:Elsie 1994
2906:Lelaj 2015
2890:Tirta 2004
2886:Golan 2003
2878:Golan 1991
2866:Dushi 2020
2854:Tirta 2004
2842:Gjoni 2012
2827:Dushi 2020
2815:Tirta 2004
2770:Gjoni 2012
2766:Tirta 2004
2754:Tirta 2004
2679:Elsie 2001
2675:Tirta 2004
2651:Elsie 2001
2647:Tirta 2004
2623:Tirta 2004
2584:Tirta 2004
2564:Tirta 2004
2551:References
2439:Fustanella
2180:Gjakmarrja
2075:Malakasioi
2065:Kurveleshi
2012:hinterland
1966:Palabardhi
1922:Bratonishi
1752:Zadrimë -
1155:divination
1064:Shëndëlliu
999:Kreshnikët
946:Këndrevicë
747:Chaoskampf
520:See also:
406:Sun motifs
369:Montenegro
292:diēs Sōlis
255:word taboo
163:rainmaking
54:(meaning "
4444:. Toena.
4327:2309-5717
4317:(71–72).
4267:2183-3184
4229:161016819
4065:253540847
4049:: 17–29.
4005:(1928a).
3976:Anthropos
3895:(1964) .
3885:0563-5780
3869:: 77–83.
3779:1971-8543
3692:Daum 1998
3419:Sela 2017
3292:Doja 2005
3202:Doja 2005
3027:Koch 2015
2910:Doja 2005
2882:Daum 1998
2787:Cook 1964
2683:Cook 1964
2627:Egro 2003
2332:Kulshedra
2099:Souliotes
1996:Goljemadi
1942:Malonšići
1893:Kakarriqi
1874:Pamalioti
1815:highlands
1756:highlands
1743:Kastrioti
1688:Dukagjini
1469:Lepuroshi
1200:Arvanites
1196:Arbëreshë
1032:Shëndelli
1026:from the
976:Shëndelli
974:(such as
968:Shëndelli
954:Shëndelli
928:, Rumia,
817:e zjarrit
722:chthonian
714:kulshedra
679:renewal.
661:dualistic
498:swastikas
422:Symbolism
271:*ȷ́élu̯a-
267:*dziella-
231:kulshedra
207:dualistic
191:e zjarrit
56:sacrifice
40:Ballokume
4560:(2007).
4536:(1995).
4392:(1923).
4104:(2001).
3996:40466549
3967:(2005),
3909:(1998).
2463:Xhubleta
2457:Xhamadan
2429:Clothing
2281:Paganism
2138:Concepts
2116:Law code
2094:Zenevisi
2080:Mazaraki
2050:Chameria
2026:Mataruga
1947:Mataguzi
1927:Bytadosi
1917:Bukumiri
1794:Kryezezi
1593:Krasniqi
1518:Dushmani
1454:Gruemiri
1440:Marsheni
1425:Kastrati
1406:Kelmendi
1300:Bonfires
1284:Albanian
1219:Dukagjin
1206:origin.
1184:kolendra
1168:Yule log
1036:dordolec
980:Tepelenë
958:bonfires
942:Shelbuem
934:Shkëlzen
930:Koritnik
926:Gjallicë
918:Pashtrik
878:evil eye
807:in 1909.
702:bonfires
673:darkness
621:*Di̯ḗu̯s
464:crescent
402:Sun cult
390:Aurelian
384:Illyrian
344:Illyrian
316:Labeatae
312:Illyrian
263:*dðiella
219:darkness
171:*Di̯ḗu̯s
137:crescent
126:Illyrian
85:Albanian
72:bonfires
4370:].
3865:(1–2).
2539:in the
2451:Qeleshe
2373:Çifteli
2328:Drangue
2270:Culture
2218:History
2021:Burmazi
2010:Ragusan
1888:Kryethi
1829:Gjonima
1824:Progani
1799:Manatia
1789:Bulgëri
1770:Bushati
1765:Zadrima
1674:Kabashi
1669:Qerreti
1645:Mirdita
1640:Berisha
1603:Mërturi
1538:Prekali
1533:Mazreku
1528:Mavriqi
1523:Toplana
1509:Shllaku
1430:Trieshi
1416:Rrjolli
1411:Shkreli
1339:Albania
1276:Albania
1257:in the
1227:Shkodër
1211:Mirdita
922:Lybeten
901:tumulus
897:sunrise
849:in the
836:sunrise
801:Shkreli
730:rebirth
710:drangue
590:sunbeam
361:Albania
304:Illyria
298:History
227:drangue
91:), the
68:Albania
48:Elbasan
4570:
4546:
4511:
4492:
4471:
4448:
4378:
4342:
4325:
4265:
4246:
4227:
4217:
4186:
4165:
4135:
4114:
4063:
4015:
3994:
3953:
3919:
3883:
3844:
3802:
3777:
2470:Çorape
2445:Opinga
2400:Dances
2379:Fyelli
2367:Lahutë
2358:Muranë
2323:Vitore
2311:Zjarri
2306:Prende
2296:Dielli
2291:Qielli
2229:Bajrak
2201:Honour
2161:Muranë
2149:Zjarri
2046:Epirus
2031:Španji
1971:Rogami
1952:Mugoša
1937:Macure
1879:Mahine
1854:Muzaka
1839:Myzeqe
1775:Renesi
1724:Arrëni
1697:Upper
1683:Selita
1655:Malziu
1622:Morina
1617:Bytyqi
1504:Shoshi
1335:ritual
1292:winter
1235:Kosovo
1118:Brataj
972:oronym
960:, and
914:Tomorr
772:Zjermi
726:cosmic
718:watery
677:cosmic
506:Zjarri
373:Serbia
365:Kosovo
353:stećci
285:e diel
259:dielli
251:dielli
235:Zjermi
223:cosmic
159:Nature
110:zjarri
81:Dielli
44:cookie
4398:[
4366:[
4225:S2CID
4094:(pdf)
4061:S2CID
3992:JSTOR
3972:(PDF)
2415:Kulla
2341:Fatia
2316:Vatër
2170:Fatia
2154:Vatër
2089:Spata
2070:Losha
2036:Kriči
1976:Vasaj
1961:Pipri
1813:Kruja
1754:Lezha
1729:Dibra
1664:Thaçi
1608:Gashi
1598:Nikaj
1568:Xhani
1563:Plani
1499:Shala
1464:Lohja
1401:Gruda
1348:Notes
1239:Dibër
1231:Lezhë
1172:vatër
1127:Lezha
1123:Dibra
1114:Opojë
859:Korçë
851:Opojë
815:vatra
796:votër
669:light
355:) in
289:Latin
273:<
265:<
247:diell
215:light
189:vatra
89:Diell
4568:ISBN
4544:ISBN
4509:ISBN
4490:ISBN
4469:ISBN
4446:ISBN
4376:ISBN
4340:ISBN
4323:ISSN
4263:ISSN
4244:ISBN
4215:ISBN
4184:ISBN
4163:ISBN
4133:ISBN
4112:ISBN
4013:ISBN
3951:ISBN
3917:ISBN
3881:ISSN
3842:ISBN
3800:ISBN
3775:ISSN
3157:help
2729:help
2717:help
2705:help
2433:Brez
2346:Zana
2301:Hëna
2286:Dheu
2175:Besa
1932:Kuçi
1907:Zeta
1903:Brda
1849:Lalë
1809:Mati
1780:Vela
1734:Sopa
1719:Lura
1714:Luma
1709:Hasi
1699:Drin
1650:Puka
1573:Suma
1558:Kiri
1548:Pult
1494:Bobi
1474:Boga
1459:Reçi
1445:Tuzi
1435:Koja
1396:Hoti
1229:and
1215:Pukë
822:fire
720:and
712:and
671:and
625:Zojz
510:Enji
494:Hëna
467:Moon
382:The
336:Hana
241:Name
229:and
217:and
181:Hëna
175:Zojz
148:Besa
140:Moon
115:Enji
105:fire
52:Flia
4207:doi
4051:doi
3984:doi
3980:100
3871:doi
2420:Oda
2337:Ora
2330:vs
2166:Ora
2060:Bua
1022:In
978:in
740:of
651:).
636:).
598:).
592:" (
477:in
93:Sun
4588::
4374:.
4315:34
4313:.
4261:.
4223:.
4213:.
4059:.
4047:59
4045:.
4041:.
3990:,
3978:,
3974:,
3879:.
3825:.
3823:15
3817:.
3798:.
3794:.
3652:^
3637:^
3610:^
3593:^
3566:^
3517:^
3464:^
3441:^
3426:^
3375:^
3256:^
3241:^
3097:^
3082:^
2991:^
2976:^
2961:^
2834:^
2777:^
2742:^
2733:;
2721:;
2709:;
2600:.
2008:-
1811:-
1286::
1237:,
1225:,
1221:,
1217:,
1213:,
1011:.
952:,
948:,
944:,
940:,
936:,
932:,
924:,
920:,
916:,
903:.
754:.
667:,
530:be
512:.
481:.
367:,
363:,
213:,
107:–
4576:.
4552:.
4517:.
4498:.
4477:.
4454:.
4384:.
4348:.
4329:.
4269:.
4252:.
4231:.
4209::
4192:.
4171:.
4141:.
4120:.
4067:.
4053::
4032:.
4021:.
3986::
3959:.
3939:.
3925:.
3887:.
3873::
3850:.
3829:.
3808:.
3781:.
3159:)
2731:)
2719:)
2707:)
2604:.
2543:.
2512:e
2505:t
2498:v
2472:)
2467:·
2465:.
2460:·
2454:·
2448:·
2442:·
2436:·
2431:(
2406:)
2402:(
2387:)
2382:·
2376:·
2370:·
2365:(
2339:/
2168:/
2048:/
1905:-
1261:.
825:(
623:(
456:.
351:(
173:(
83:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
