Sacrifice - Knowledge (XXG)

781:, is seen as a sacrifice. Among the Anglicans the words of the liturgy make explicit that the Eucharist is a sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving and is a material offering to God in union with Christ using such words, as "with these thy holy gifts which we now offer unto Thee" (1789 BCP) or "presenting to you from the gifts you have given us we offer you these gifts" (Prayer D BCP 1976) as clearly evidenced in the revised Books of Common Prayer from 1789 in which the theology of Eucharist was moved closer to the Catholic position. Likewise, the United Methodist Church in its Eucharistic liturgy contains the words "Let us offer ourselves and our gifts to God" (A Service of Word and Table I). The United Methodist Church officially teaches that "Holy Communion is a type of sacrifice" that re-presents, rather than repeats the 91: 1171:"But the custom which was in those days general among men, and the general mode of worship in which the Israelites were brought up consisted in sacrificing animals... It was in accordance with the wisdom and plan of God...that God did not command us to give up and to discontinue all these manners of service. For to obey such a commandment would have been contrary to the nature of man, who generally cleaves to that to which he is used; it would in those days have made the same impression as a prophet would make at present if he called us to the service of God and told us in His name, that we should not pray to God nor fast, nor seek His help in time of trouble; that we should serve Him in thought, and not by any action." (Book III, Chapter 32. Translated by M. Friedlander, 1904, 1161:, a medieval Jewish rationalist, argued that God always held sacrifice inferior to prayer and philosophical meditation. However, God understood that the Israelites were used to the animal sacrifices that the surrounding pagan tribes used as the primary way to commune with their gods. As such, in Maimonides' view, it was only natural that Israelites would believe that sacrifice was a necessary part of the relationship between God and man. Maimonides concludes that God's decision to allow sacrifices was a concession to human psychological limitations. It would have been too much to have expected the Israelites to leap from pagan worship to prayer and meditation in one step. In the 946:, when the priest says: "Accept, O God, our supplications, make us to be worthy to offer unto thee supplications and prayers and bloodless sacrifices for all thy people," and "Remembering this saving commandment and all those things which came to pass for us: the cross, the grave, the resurrection on the third day, the ascension into heaven, the sitting down at the right hand, the second and glorious coming again, Thine own of Thine own we offer unto Thee on behalf of all and for all," and "… Thou didst become man and didst take the name of our High Priest, and deliver unto us the priestly rite of this liturgical and bloodless sacrifice…" 807:

distinction being that it is offered in an unbloody manner. The sacrifice is made present without Christ dying or being crucified again; it is a re-presentation of the "once and for all" sacrifice of Calvary by the now risen Christ, who continues to offer himself and what he has done on the cross as an oblation to the Father. The complete identification of the Mass with the sacrifice of the cross is found in Christ's words at the last supper over the bread and wine: "This is my body, which is given up for you," and "This is my blood of the new covenant, which is shed...unto the forgiveness of sins." The bread and wine, offered by

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the Redemption through suffering, Christ has also raised human suffering to the level of the Redemption. Thus each man, in his suffering, can also become a sharer in the redemptive suffering of Christ. ...The sufferings of Christ created the good of the world's redemption. This good in itself is inexhaustible and infinite. No man can add anything to it. But at the same time, in the mystery of the Church as his Body, Christ has in a sense opened his own redemptive suffering to all human suffering" (

152: 266: 938:) says: "The Liturgy is not so much a reenactment of the Mystical Supper or these events as it is a continuation of these events, which are beyond time and space. The Orthodox also see the Eucharistic Liturgy as a bloodless sacrifice, during which the bread and wine we offer to God become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ through the descent and operation of the Holy Spirit, Who effects the change." This view is witnessed to by the prayers of the 837:

of Holy Communion, Jesus Christ is in the midst of the congregation as the crucified, risen, and returning Lord. Thus His once-brought sacrifice is also present in that its effect grants the individual access to salvation. In this way, the celebration of Holy Communion causes the partakers to repeatedly envision the sacrificial death of the Lord, which enables them to proclaim it with conviction (1 Corinthians 11: 26). —¶8.2.13,

880: 639: 7014: 7024: 828:. For Catholics, the theology of sacrifice has seen considerable change as the result of historical and scriptural studies. For Lutherans, the Eucharist is a "sacrifice of thanksgiving and praise…in that by giving thanks a person acknowledges that he or she is in need of the gift and that his or her situation will change only by receiving the gift". The 1198:(Judges 11:31–40), while many believe that Jephthah's daughter was committed for life in service equivalent to a nunnery of the day, as indicated by her lament over her "weep for my virginity" and never having known a man (v37). The king of Moab gives his firstborn son and heir as a whole burnt offering, albeit to the pagan god Chemosh. In the book of 610:, the ruling class had a complicated and hierarchical sacrificial system. Sacrificing to ancestors was an important duty of nobles, and an emperor could hold hunts, start wars, and convene royal family members in order to get the resources to hold sacrifices, serving to unify states in a common goal and demonstrate the strength of the emperor's rule. 853:. Some Protestants criticize this as a denial of the all-sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice, but according to Roman Catholic interpretation it finds support in St. Paul: "Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I complete what is lacking in Christ's afflictions for the sake of his body, that is, the church" (Col 1:24). 819:), and the offering becomes one with that of Christ on the cross. In the Mass as on the cross, Christ is both priest (offering the sacrifice) and victim (the sacrifice he offers is himself), though in the Mass in the former capacity he works through a solely human priest who is joined to him through the sacrament of 870:

In the Cross of Christ not only is the Redemption accomplished through suffering, but also human suffering itself has been redeemed. ...Every man has his own share in the Redemption. Each one is also called to share in that suffering through which the Redemption was accomplished. ...In bringing about

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In Holy Communion, it is not only the body and blood of Christ, but also His sacrifice itself, that are truly present. However, this sacrifice has only been brought once and is not repeated in Holy Communion. Neither is Holy Communion merely a reminder of the sacrifice. Rather, during the celebration

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Animal sacrifice is the ritual killing of an animal as part of a religion. It is practiced by adherents of many religions as a means of appeasing a god or gods or changing the course of nature. It also served a social or economic function in those cultures where the edible portions of the animal were

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Christians do). The more recent the origin of a particular tradition, the less emphasis is placed on the sacrificial nature of the Eucharist. The Roman Catholic response is that the sacrifice of the Mass in the New Covenant is that one sacrifice for sins on the cross which transcends time offered in

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and thus shares in Christ's priesthood as do all who are baptized into the death and resurrection of Jesus, the Christ. Through the Mass, the effects of the one sacrifice of the cross can be understood as working toward the redemption of those present, for their specific intentions and prayers, and

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We also present ourselves as sacrifice in union with Christ (Romans 12:1; 1 Peter 2:5) to be used by God in the work of redemption, reconciliation, and justice. In the Great Thanksgiving, the church prays: "We offer ourselves in praise and thanksgiving as a holy and living sacrifice, in union with

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Roman Catholic theology speaks of the Eucharist not being a separate or additional sacrifice to that of Christ on the cross; it is rather exactly the same sacrifice, which transcends time and space ("the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world" – Rev. 13:8), renewed and made present, the only

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affirms that "Methodists and Catholics agree that the sacrificial language of the Eucharistic celebration refers to 'the sacrifice of Christ once-for-all,' to 'our pleading of that sacrifice here and now,' to 'our offering of the sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving,' and to 'our sacrifice of

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often use pork, chicken, duck, fish, squid, or shrimp in sacrificial offerings. For those who believe the high deities to be vegetarian, some altars are two-tiered: The high one offers vegetarian food, and the low one holds animal sacrifices for the high deities' soldiers. Some ceremonies of

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in particular are known for the practice of human sacrifice. Current estimates of Aztec sacrifice are between a couple of thousand and twenty thousand per year. Some of these sacrifices were to help the sun rise, some to help the rains come, and some to dedicate the expansions of the great

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were reputed to practise child sacrifice, and though the scale of sacrifices may have been exaggerated by ancient authors for political or religious reasons, there is archaeological evidence of large numbers of children's skeletons buried in association with sacrificial animals.

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are central to Christianity. Often found in Roman Catholicism is the idea of joining one's own life and sufferings to the sacrifice of Christ on the cross. Thus one can offer up involuntary suffering, such as illness, or purposefully embrace suffering in acts of

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For Anglicans and Methodists the reality of the presence of Jesus as received through the sacramental elements is not in question. Real presence is simply accepted as being true, its mysterious nature being affirmed and even lauded in official statements like

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for sin from humanity if human beings were to be restored to their place in creation and saved from damnation. However, God knew limited human beings could not make sufficient atonement, for humanity's offense to God was infinite, so God created a

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states that the sacrifice has nothing to do with the blood and gore (Quran 22:37: "It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches God. It is your piety that reaches Him..."). Rather, it is done to help the poor and in remembrance of

1052:(Abraham) by sacrificing a cow or sheep. The meat is then divided into three equal parts. One part is retained by the person who performs the sacrifice. The second is given to his relatives. The third part is distributed to the poor. 418:

Human sacrifice in times of natural disaster. Droughts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc. were seen as a sign of anger or displeasure by deities, and sacrifices were supposed to lessen the divine ire.

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Among the kings' most important functions were sacrificial ritual, and ritual-related war and hunting, understood, among others, as a state-unifying, ritual action in search of sacrificial supply.

1392: 815:; note: the Orthodox Church and Methodist Church do not hold as dogma, as do Catholics, the doctrine of transubstantiation, preferring rather to not make an assertion regarding the "how" of the 730:, which he fulfilled when he sent his only Son to become the sacrifice for the broken covenant. According to this theology, Christ's sacrifice replaced the insufficient animal sacrifice of the 911:

an unbloody manner, as discussed above, and that Christ is the real priest at every Mass working through mere human beings to whom he has granted the grace of a share in his priesthood. As

1206:), and receives a response, 'It hath been told thee, O man, what is good, and what the LORD doth require of thee: only to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God.' ( 1194:

reveal the Israelites's familiarity with human sacrifices, as exemplified by the near-sacrifice of Isaac by his father Abraham (Genesis 22:1–24) and some believe, the actual sacrifice of

90: 3548: 1030:. The sacrificial animal may be a sheep, a goat, a camel, or a cow. The animal must be healthy and conscious. "...Therefore to the Lord turn in Prayer and Sacrifice." ( 5967: 1439: 350:—ritual activities that include offerings, prayer and deeds. Christians from some villages in Greece also sacrifice animals to Orthodox saints in a practice known as 5816: 6873: 1779: 3073: 923:

consciously and personally as atonement for one's individual sins if one is to be saved—this is known as "accepting Christ as one's personal Lord and Savior".

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supported the restoration of the Zhou sacrificial system, which excluded human sacrifice, with the goal of maintaining social order and enlightening people.

1087:'s pleasure. But, in precise non-secular nomenclature, the word was later confined to the sacrifice of associate animal slaughtered for the sake of Allah. 1083:

and to hunt His sensible pleasure. Originally, the word 'Qurban' enclosed all acts of charity as a result of the aim of charity is nothing however to hunt

5861: 5788: 2174: 1384: 1331: 6112: 1134:. Although sacrifices could include bloodless offerings (grain and wine), the most important were animal sacrifices. Blood sacrifices were divided into 5666: 2152: 915:

carries connotations of "one who offers sacrifice", some Protestants, with the exception of Lutherans and Anglicans, usually do not use it for their

5952: 5826: 5811: 713:, sacrificing his son to accomplish the reconciliation of God and humanity, which had separated itself from God through sin (see the concept of 1679:

In the Roman Catholic Church the official explanation of how Christ is present is called transubstantiation. This is simply an explanation of

5972: 1860: 1423: 621:(1983) that the sacrificial system strengthened the authority of ancient China's ruling class and promoted production, e.g. through casting 6437: 3543: 2079: 53: 458:

to Crete as human sacrifices to the Minotaur. This ties up with the archaeological evidence that most sacrifices were of young adults or

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in sacrifice in the old covenant (Genesis 14:18; Psalm 110:4), are transformed through the Mass into the body and blood of Christ (see

6765: 6495: 6377: 5831: 4438: 2437: 920: 717:). According to a view that has featured prominently in Western theology since early in the 2nd millennium, God's justice required an 1905:

Dresen, Grietje (1993). "Heilig bloed, ontheiligend bloed: Over het ritueel van de kerkgang en het offer in de katholieke traditie".

1623: 1570: 964:, and in currents of folk Hinduism strongly rooted in local popular or tribal traditions. Animal sacrifices were part of the ancient 6815: 5641: 2958: 1708: 1672: 1280: 75: 6868: 4448: 2113: 335:. The religion of the ancient Egyptians forbade the sacrifice of animals other than sheep, bulls, calves, male calves and geese. 303:

distributed among those attending the sacrifice for consumption. Animal sacrifice has turned up in almost all cultures, from the

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of a king, high priest or great leader; the sacrificed were supposed to serve or accompany the deceased leader in the next life.

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Watson, Simon R. (2019). "God in Creation: A Consideration of Natural Selection as the Sacrificial Means of a Free Creation".

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Rituals in Ink: A Conference on Religion and Literary Production in Ancient Rome Held at Stanford University in February 2002.

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Wade, Lizzie (21 June 2018). "Feeding the gods: Hundreds of skulls reveal massive scale of human sacrifice in Aztec capital".

1183:(in his Torah commentary on Leviticus 1:9) disagreed, contending that sacrifices are an ideal in Judaism, completely central. 6685: 6510: 5783: 4824: 4765: 4652: 4531: 4463: 2936: 2574: 2493: 397:

was practiced by many ancient cultures. People would be ritually killed in a manner that was supposed to please or appease a

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in particular, sometimes named a "bloodless sacrifice" to distinguish it from blood sacrifices. In individual non-Christian

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and The General Commission on Christian Unity and Interreligious Concerns of The United Methodist Church. 2001. p. 20.

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as well as in European civilizations. Varieties of ritual non-human sacrifices are practiced by numerous religions today.

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Human sacrifice is no longer officially condoned in any country, and any cases which may take place are regarded as

5681: 5626: 5322: 4084: 3701: 3634: 2337: 2279: 1514: 1034:) Qurban is an Islamic prescription for the affluent to share their good fortune with the needy in the community. 935: 706: 663:, use whole goats or pigs. There are competitions of raising the heaviest pig for sacrifice in Taiwan and Teochew. 20: 6928: 6717: 6575: 6027: 4937: 4819: 4716: 4347: 3977: 3587: 2719: 2471: 2308: 2263: 1919:

Aldrete, Gregory S. (2014). "Hammers, Axes, Bulls, and Blood: Some Practical Aspects of Roman Animal Sacrifice."

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Stager, Lawrence; Wolff, Samuel R. (1984). "Child sacrifice in Carthage: religious rite or population control?".

1146:(in which similarly only part of the undamaged animal was burnt and the rest eaten in ritually pure conditions). 1079:

word "Qurbani" comes from the Arabic word 'Qurban'. It suggests that associate act performed to hunt distance to

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Heinsohn, Gunnar. (1992). "The Rise of Blood Sacrifice and Priest-Kingship in Mesopotamia: A 'cosmic decree'?"

782: 690: 1335: 685: 438:. The north house at Knossos contained the bones of children who appeared to have been butchered. The myth of 132:

has been seen at least since ancient Hebrews and Greeks, and possibly existed before that. Evidence of ritual

346:(gods). However, in Santeria, such animal offerings constitute an extremely small portion of what are termed 6883: 6820: 6770: 6730: 6675: 6310: 6305: 6195: 6142: 6032: 5962: 5758: 5569: 5484: 4711: 4689: 4488: 4310: 3835: 3538: 3465: 3149: 2520: 2320: 2229: 1163: 927: 883:

A page from the Waldburg Prayer Book illustrating the celebration of the Holy Eucharist on Earth before the

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Feeney, Denis. (2004). "Interpreting Sacrificial Ritual in Roman Poetry: Disciplines and their Models." In

1495:"Mass Murder or Religious Homicide? Rethinking Human Sacrifice and Interpersonal Violence in Aztec Society" 6750: 6645: 6605: 6585: 6442: 6417: 6322: 6295: 6245: 6215: 6205: 6122: 6087: 6072: 6057: 6012: 5947: 5621: 5552: 5457: 5452: 5193: 5116: 4900: 4782: 4706: 4503: 4493: 4352: 4320: 4258: 4229: 3758: 3483: 3443: 3228: 2569: 2564: 2544: 2540: 1975: 1195: 892: 622: 6991: 6936: 6853: 6805: 6780: 6580: 6402: 6397: 6265: 6255: 6077: 5753: 5696: 5516: 5462: 4905: 4883: 4802: 4409: 3848: 3721: 2916: 2515: 2427: 858: 746: 655: 540: 4743: 3741: 2752: 1954:

Burkert, Walter, Marcel Sigrist, Harco Willems, et al. (2007). "Sacrifice, Offerings, and Votives." In

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Edited by Pierre Bonnechere and Gagné Renaud, 61–85. Liège, Belgium: Presses universitaires de Liège.

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Mylonopoulos, Joannis. (2013). "Gory Details? The Iconography of Human Sacrifice in Greek Art." In

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introduction, Herodotus; translated by Robin Waterfield; with an; Dewald, notes by Carolyn (2008).

1080: 943: 723: 702: 423: 7023: 1853: 1202:, one asks, 'Shall I give my firstborn for my sin, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?' ( 7048: 6966: 6946: 6913: 6810: 6800: 6745: 6740: 6670: 6650: 6640: 6625: 6620: 6600: 6570: 6565: 6540: 6530: 6462: 6427: 6412: 6317: 6290: 6280: 6240: 6225: 6220: 6172: 6167: 6107: 6062: 6022: 5917: 5904: 5691: 5616: 5489: 5312: 4986: 4944: 4807: 4775: 4750: 4677: 4657: 4478: 4426: 4414: 4392: 3984: 3942: 3815: 3679: 3674: 3664: 3516: 3300: 3276: 2579: 2327: 2273: 2093: 2061: 1619: 1506: 1433: 907: 902:

as a sacrifice, inclining to see it as merely a holy meal (even if they believe in a form of the

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Edited by Alessandro Barchiesi, Jörg Rüpke, and Susan Stephens, 1–21. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

490:. They describe children being roasted to death while still conscious on a heated bronze idol. 7017: 6951: 6908: 6898: 6888: 6878: 6785: 6705: 6665: 6590: 6560: 6452: 6407: 6387: 6362: 6337: 6300: 6285: 6260: 6235: 6147: 6097: 6052: 6037: 6017: 6007: 5982: 5922: 5866: 5631: 5407: 5003: 4974: 4920: 4915: 4876: 4770: 4755: 4733: 4728: 4667: 4508: 4402: 4288: 4106: 4054: 4024: 4004: 3825: 3654: 3644: 3639: 3597: 3565: 3560: 3281: 3196: 3119: 3017: 3007: 2975: 2963: 2931: 2908: 2890: 2786: 2641: 2549: 2535: 2498: 2486: 2315: 2234: 2186: 1704: 1668: 1470: 1419: 1276: 1275:. Vol. 2: René Girard and Sacrifice in Life, Love and Literature. Bloomsbury Publishing. 1223: 862: 854: 548: 494: 404:

Some occasions for human sacrifice found in multiple cultures on multiple continents include:

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Significance Obscured: Rachel's Theft of the Teraphim Divinity and Corporeality in Gen.31 32

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Sacrifice in the Post-Kantian Tradition: Perspectivism, Intersubjectivity, and Recognition.

1358:"Governor signs into law legislation protecting rights of nursing mothers in the workplace" 7027: 5656: 5636: 5126: 5018: 5008: 4699: 4367: 4158: 4138: 4069: 4034: 3967: 3659: 3649: 3617: 3400: 3114: 2631: 2432: 2358: 2298: 2253: 2222: 1615: 1566: 1199: 930:

see the celebration of the Eucharist as a continuation, rather than a reenactment, of the

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use to describe doing good for others or taking a short-term loss in return for a greater

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Ritual sacrifice was practiced in Ancient Israel, with the opening chapters of the book

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The term usually implies "doing without something" or "giving something up" (see also

7042: 5706: 5260: 5141: 4555: 4550: 4498: 4397: 4335: 4273: 4168: 4059: 3957: 3888: 3820: 3810: 3783: 3731: 3627: 3577: 3473: 3436: 3355: 3328: 3263: 2714: 2665: 2370: 2065: 1361: 1150: 903: 611: 603: 379: 332: 320: 1600:. The General Board of Discipleship of The United Methodist Church. 2004. p. 9. 97:

and members of the Imperial family offer sacrifice in gratitude for success against

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cultures practiced human sacrifice. Corpses were found at a number of sites in the

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and other lineages of Orisa as a means of curing the sick and giving thanks to the

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This Holy Mystery, Study Guide: A United Methodist Understanding of Holy Communion

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is the offering of material possessions or the lives of animals or humans to a

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Offering of material possessions or the lives of animals or humans to a deity

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Throughout All Your Generations Forever: Sacrifice, Religion, and Paternity

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Homo Necans: The Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth.

182:(performing priestly functions or sacrifices), which combined the concepts 1130:

detailing parts of an overview referring to the exact methods of bringing

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Korte, Anne-Marie (1998). Bekkenkamp, Jonneke; de Haardt, Maaike (eds.).

1211: 1121: 1011: 981: 961: 573: 471: 443: 278: 270: 246: 1510: 1494: 1418:(1a ed. 1998; reimpr. 2008. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 960:

The modern practice of Hindu animal sacrifice is mostly associated with

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Art, Myth and Ritual: the Path to Political Authority in Ancient China

408:

Human sacrifice to accompany the dedication of a new temple or bridge.

5661: 5540: 5525: 5344: 5233: 5218: 5176: 5082: 5023: 4954: 4854: 4128: 3883: 3873: 3763: 3572: 3533: 3448: 3375: 2983: 2953: 2677: 1718:

This Holy Mystery: A United Methodist Understanding of Holy Communion

1191: 1131: 1115: 1042: 916: 845: 632: 580: 565: 560: 529: 451: 328: 289: 226: 220: 4074: 1980:

Greek and Roman Animal Sacrifice: Ancient Victims, Modern Observers.

803:

ourselves in union with Christ who offered himself to the Father.'"

635:

considered any kind of sacrifice to be too extravagant for society.

1385:"Amsterdam summit: Blair forced to sacrifice powers on immigration" 1138:(Hebrew: עלה קרבנות) in which the whole unmaimed animal was burnt, 5357: 5131: 5111: 5096: 4694: 4520: 4315: 4178: 4133: 4113: 3360: 2757: 2603: 2385: 1187: 1084: 1056: 1019: 1007: 965: 878: 710: 684: 637: 569: 525: 502: 487: 435: 412: 372: 367: 343: 264: 204: 156: 150: 136:

can also be found back to at least pre-Columbian civilizations of

117: 1210:) Abhorrence of the practice of child sacrifice is emphasized by 1037:

On the occasion of Eid ul Adha (Festival of Sacrifice), affluent

5282: 5171: 3191: 1616:"Catholics, Lutherans and the Eucharist: There's a lot to share" 1103: 1072: 5892: 5050: 4622: 2172: 2134: 1026:(ذَبِيْحَة) meaning "sacrifice as a ritual" is offered only in 968:

religion in India, and are mentioned in scriptures such as the

5181: 5146: 3843: 3267: 2038:

Sacrifices humains. Perspectives croissées et répresentations.

572:

claims (falsely) that he was going to be a human sacrifice to

398: 354:. The practice, while publicly condemned, is often tolerated. 338:

Animal sacrifice is still practiced today by the followers of

25: 2121:

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

2130: 1951:

Translated by P. Bing. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

1142:(in which part was burnt and part left for the priest) and 2114:"In India, Case Links Mysticism, Murder" by John Lancaster 1958:

Edited by S. I. Johnston, 325–349. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.

2031:

Beyond Sacred Violence: A Comparative Study of Sacrifice.

2022:

Kunst, Jennifer W., and Zsuzsanna Várhelyi, eds. (2011).

1332:"Sacrifices Needed to Fix Auto Crisis - Economy - Javno" 2003:

Translated by W. Hall. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

1935:

Prey into Hunter: The Politics of Religious Experience.

1899:

Korte summarizes Jay at length and refers to Dresden.

1734:"Is the Mass a Propitiatory or Expiatory Sacrifice?" 1018:

is always used for Islamic animal sacrifice. In the

202:, terms translated as "sacrifice" include the Indic 6927: 6844: 6716: 6461: 6186: 5903: 5797: 5722: 5498: 5406: 5343: 5061: 4543: 4366: 4241: 4228: 4193: 3941: 3918: 3907: 3834: 3797: 3586: 3482: 3464: 3408: 3399: 3316: 3244: 3095: 3086: 3044: 3016: 2974: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2855: 2822: 2794: 2785: 2735: 2602: 2289: 2203: 2194: 2185: 1665:

A Guide to World Religions and Christian Traditions

1609: 1607: 1269:Cowdell; Fleming, Chris; Hodge, Joel, eds. (2014). 450:at Knossos) suggests human sacrifice. In the myth, 681:Propitiation § Contemporary Catholic theology 834: 787: 738:" replaced the lambs' sacrifice of the ancient 1090:A similar symbology, which is a reflection of 994:(قُرْبَان) . The term may have roots from the 2146: 474:(ca. 46–120 AD) mentions the practice, as do 8: 1963:Understanding Religious Sacrifice: A Reader. 1650:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 1438:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1022:context, an animal sacrifice referred to as 1701:Sacramental Theology and the Christian Life 1153:, ritual sacrifice ceased except among the 5900: 5889: 5058: 5047: 4619: 4238: 3915: 3405: 3092: 2904: 2895: 2791: 2200: 2191: 2182: 2169: 2153: 2139: 2131: 1667:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 90. 1590: 1588: 659:supernatural spirits and ghosts, like the 422:There is evidence to suggest Pre-Hellenic 1999:Hubert, Henri, and Marcel Mauss. (1964). 1897:]. Leuven: Peeters. pp. 157–182. 1823:. Vol. 17 (2 ed.). p. 641. 1772:The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church 839:The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church 493:Human sacrifice was practiced by various 76:Learn how and when to remove this message 2046:Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 1956:Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide. 1455:Journal of Biblical Archeological Review 986:An animal sacrifice in Arabic is called 972:. Some Puranas forbid animal sacrifice. 547:and German historians relate. See, e.g. 524:being sacrificed during the wars of the 89: 39:This article includes a list of general 1235: 898:Some Christians reject the idea of the 543:contained human sacrifice, as both the 520:). There are also accounts of captured 269:Animal sacrifice offered together with 2017:Myth and Cult Among Primitive Peoples. 1970:Human Sacrifice: In History and Today. 1569:(in Chinese). BBC. 11 September 2020. 1431: 2033:Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. 1982:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. 1937:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. 1782:from the original on 15 February 2021 1699:Neal, Gregory S. (19 December 2014). 1544:from the original on 24 February 2021 456:seven young men and seven young women 315:(particularly the purifying ceremony 7: 1614:O'Malley, Timothy P. (7 July 2016). 1244:"Sacrifice Definition & Meaning" 1175:, Dover Publications, 1956 edition.) 1064:'s willingness to sacrifice his son 906:of Christ in the bread and wine, as 2001:Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function. 1517:from the original on 24 August 2022 1395:from the original on 1 January 2018 1250:from the original on 16 August 2019 5862:Religions and spiritual traditions 2175:Religious groups and denominations 2011:. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. 1626:from the original on 13 April 2018 1098:'s dilemma, is the stoning of the 844:The concept of self-sacrifice and 45:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 1978:, and F. S. Naiden, eds. (2012). 1866:from the original on 22 July 2016 1804:. 1 November 2012. Archived from 1573:from the original on 19 July 2021 1179:In contrast, many others such as 790:Christ's offering for us . . ." ( 190:(to make, to do). The Latin word 178:(a sacrifice) derived from Latin 7022: 7013: 7012: 6826:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5968:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2024:Ancient Mediterranean Sacrifice. 2019:Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. 1895:Translation: Mischa F.C. Hoyinck 1837:. The Samaritans. Archived from 1748:from the original on 4 July 2020 1663:Losch, Richard R. (1 May 2002). 1493:Dodds Pennock, Caroline (2012). 1272:Violence, Desire, and the Sacred 783:sacrifice of Christ on the Cross 30: 5433:Evolutionary origin of religion 1907:Tijdschrift voor Vrouwenstudies 1041:all over the world perform the 934:, as Fr. John Matusiak (of the 921:Christ's sacrifice on the Cross 194:came to apply to the Christian 5784:Separation of church and state 4464:Polytheistic reconstructionism 1854:"The meaning of II Kings 3:27" 1703:. WestBow Press. p. 111. 785:; She further proclaims that: 592:Ancient China and Confucianism 1: 3507:Traditional Sabahan religions 1940:Bubbio, Paolo Diego. (2014). 1732:Zupez, John (December 2019). 1149:After the destruction of the 1102:which takes place during the 411:Sacrifice of people upon the 282: 2104:Resources in other libraries 2029:McClymond, Kathryn. (2008). 1646:Methodist-Catholic Dialogues 1383:Helm, Sarah (17 June 1997). 956:Animal sacrifice in Hinduism 323:(for example in the cult of 5642:National religiosity levels 4889:Nauruan Indigenous religion 4444:Hellenism (modern religion) 2026:Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. 1926:Bataille, Georges. (1989). 1835:"THE SAMARITAN'S FESTIVALS" 1536:Plutschow, Herbert (1996). 1310:Online Etymology Dictionary 1173:The Guide for the Perplexed 7065: 2119:Ancient texts on sacrifice 1499:Historical Social Research 1119: 1113: 979: 953: 824:to assisting the souls in 798:A formal statement by the 670: 595: 512:, located in the heart of 361: 295: 255:such as in a game of chess 21:Sacrifice (disambiguation) 18: 7008: 5899: 5888: 5057: 5046: 4631: 4618: 4348:Transcendental Meditation 2181: 2168: 2127:from the Bible Dictionary 2099:Resources in your library 2015:Jensen, Adolf E. (1963). 1961:Carter, Jeffrey. (2003). 1947:Burkert, Walter. (1983). 928:Eastern Orthodox Churches 775:Eastern Catholic Churches 751:Eastern Orthodox Churches 5953:Central African Republic 3054:Vietnamese folk religion 2445:Charismatic Christianity 2058:10.1177/0008429819830356 1933:Bloch, Maurice. (1992). 1921:Journal of Roman Studies 1567:"強迫灌食肥豬變八百公斤「神豬」被批虐待動物" 1214:. See Jeremiah 7:30–32. 769:or Mass, as well as the 642:A sacrificed pig during 5847:New religious movements 5485:Theories about religion 5438:Evolutionary psychology 4489:Modern Finnish paganism 2521:Independent Catholicism 1976:Faraone, Christopher A. 1968:Davies, Nigel. (1981). 1480:10.1126/science.aau5404 1164:Guide for the Perplexed 779:Eastern Orthodox Church 467:Phoenicians of Carthage 60:more precise citations. 6496:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4504:Erzyan native religion 4353:Unitarian Universalism 3759:Native American Church 2565:Oneness Pentecostalism 1002:; in some places like 895: 877: 842: 796: 698: 697:by Carl Heinrich Bloch 689:Artwork depicting the 656:Chinese folk religions 646: 391: 293: 167: 110: 6816:Saint Kitts and Nevis 6113:São Tomé and Príncipe 5973:Republic of the Congo 4201:Aboriginal Australian 2917:Chinese folk religion 1930:New York: Zone Books. 1821:Encyclopaedia Judaica 1186:The teachings of the 1120:Further information: 882: 868: 747:Roman Catholic Church 688: 650:Chinese folk religion 641: 596:Further information: 541:Scandinavian religion 371: 268: 154: 128:. Evidence of ritual 93: 6438:United Arab Emirates 5229:Religious experience 4625:Historical religions 3074:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 2406:Schwenkfelder Church 2125:Sacrifice definition 1859:. Biblical Studies. 1778:. 18 December 2020. 1776:New Apostolic Church 673:Redemptive suffering 516:(the capital of the 186:(sacred things) and 19:For other uses, see 6831:Trinidad and Tobago 6726:Antigua and Barbuda 5894:Religion by country 4955:Cult of Magna Mater 3544:Philippine Dayawism 3125:Nimbarka Sampradaya 2873:Chinese Manichaeism 2545:Jehovah's Witnesses 2350:Proto-Protestantism 2007:Jay, Nancy (1992). 1928:Theory of Religion. 1808:on 4 November 2012. 1196:Jephthah's daughter 944:St. John Chrysostom 866:(11 February 1984): 703:Nicene Christianity 695:Christ on the Cross 617:states in his book 277:. Attic red-figure 6766:Dominican Republic 5812:Abrahamic prophets 4928:Proto-Indo-Iranian 3517:Aliran Kepercayaan 2720:Non-denominational 2642:Modernist Salafism 2328:Oriental Orthodoxy 1972:London: Macmillan. 1965:London: Continuum. 1852:Harton, George M. 1683:, not a statement 1246:. Dictionary.com. 1068:at God's command. 896: 830:Irvingian Churches 813:transubstantiation 763:Irvingian Churches 759:Methodist Churches 699: 691:Sacrifice of Jesus 647: 576:to calm the seas. 392: 294: 168: 111: 7036: 7035: 7004: 7003: 7000: 6999: 5988:Equatorial Guinea 5884: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5423:Cognitive science 5042: 5041: 4975:Mysteries of Isis 4771:Frankish paganism 4614: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4358:White Brotherhood 4224: 4223: 4189: 4188: 3578:Sundanese Wiwitan 3395: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3120:Brahma Sampradaya 3082: 3081: 2885: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2863:Assianism/Uatsdin 2781: 2780: 2550:British Israelism 2536:Nontrinitarianism 2499:Plymouth Brethren 2494:Nondenominational 2428:Congregationalism 2316:Eastern Orthodoxy 2264:Reconstructionist 2080:Library resources 1540:. Anthropoetics. 1457:. January: 31–46. 1425:978-0-19-953566-8 1338:on 1 October 2009 1303:Harper, Douglas. 1224:Signalling theory 873:Salvifici Doloris 863:Salvifici Doloris 857:explained in his 855:Pope John Paul II 755:Lutheran Churches 549:Temple at Uppsala 497:civilizations of 107:Capitoline Museum 86: 85: 78: 7056: 7026: 7016: 7015: 6894:Papua New Guinea 6869:Marshall Islands 6696:Northern Ireland 5901: 5890: 5774:Secular theology 5769:Secular humanism 5059: 5048: 4620: 4239: 3916: 3406: 3162:Shaiva Siddhanta 3093: 3026:Korean shamanism 2905: 2896: 2792: 2705:Mahdawi movement 2575:Swedenborgianism 2555:Christadelphians 2201: 2192: 2183: 2170: 2155: 2148: 2141: 2132: 2069: 2012: 1914: 1898: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1865: 1858: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1841:on 4 March 2006. 1831: 1825: 1824: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1802:"Online Qurbani" 1798: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1620:America Magazine 1611: 1602: 1601: 1592: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1429: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1364:on 17 April 2009 1360:. Archived from 1354: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1334:. Archived from 1328: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1300: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1240: 859:Apostolic Letter 615:Kwang-chih Chang 568:, the character 484:Diodorus Siculus 384:Bodleian Library 382:, 16th century ( 298:Animal sacrifice 287: 284: 261:Animal sacrifice 241:). But the word 200:ethnic religions 155:The sacrificial 130:animal sacrifice 81: 74: 70: 67: 61: 56:this article by 47:inline citations 34: 33: 26: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7032: 6996: 6923: 6904:Solomon Islands 6840: 6712: 6616:North Macedonia 6457: 6182: 5895: 5876: 5837:Mass gatherings 5805: 5800: 5793: 5732: 5727: 5718: 5657:Religiocentrism 5637:National church 5505: 5502: 5494: 5409: 5402: 5339: 5261:Bodies of water 5053: 5038: 4845:Jamaican Maroon 4627: 4602: 4539: 4369: 4362: 4233: 4231: 4220: 4185: 4159:Trinidad Orisha 3944: 3937: 3910: 3903: 3830: 3793: 3589: 3582: 3478: 3460: 3387: 3361:Srilankan Vedda 3312: 3240: 3115:Sri Vaishnavism 3078: 3040: 3012: 2970: 2877: 2851: 2818: 2777: 2731: 2656:Twelver Shi'ism 2598: 2460:Neo-charismatic 2433:Presbyterianism 2285: 2177: 2164: 2159: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2076: 2043: 2006: 1904: 1888: 1885: 1883:Further reading 1880: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1833: 1832: 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65: 62: 52:Please help to 51: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7062: 7060: 7052: 7051: 7041: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7030: 7020: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6933: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6850: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6722: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6686:United Kingdom 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6467: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 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4935: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4898: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4864: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4793:Greco-Buddhism 4790: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4687: 4682: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4598: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4374: 4372: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4236: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4154:Tambor de Mina 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3931:Guanche church 3922: 3920: 3913: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3836:Tibeto-Burmese 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3769:Nuu-chah-nulth 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3573:Sumbese Marapu 3570: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3494: 3492:Batak Parmalim 3488: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3470: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3441: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3414: 3412: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3303: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3256: 3250: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3101: 3099: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3050: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2980: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2961: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2902: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2828: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2804:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 2800: 2798: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2596: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2541:Bible Students 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2511:Restorationism 2508: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2467:Evangelicalism 2464: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2378: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2306: 2295: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2209: 2207: 2198: 2189: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2074:External links 2072: 2071: 2070: 2052:(2): 216–236. 2041: 2034: 2027: 2020: 2013: 2004: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1973: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1924: 1916: 1915: 1901: 1900: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1844: 1826: 1811: 1793: 1759: 1724: 1709: 1691: 1673: 1655: 1637: 1603: 1584: 1558: 1528: 1505:(3): 276–302. 1485: 1460: 1445: 1424: 1406: 1375: 1349: 1323: 1295: 1281: 1261: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1219: 1216: 1177: 1176: 1114:Main article: 1111: 1108: 980:Main article: 977: 974: 954:Main article: 951: 948: 940:Divine Liturgy 771:Divine Liturgy 734:; Christ the " 668: 665: 661:Ghost Festival 651: 648: 644:Ghost Festival 623:ritual bronzes 593: 590: 588: 585: 522:conquistadores 420: 419: 416: 409: 362:Main article: 359: 356: 296:Main article: 275:Ancient Greece 262: 259: 239:self-sacrifice 218:, the Semitic 148: 145: 84: 83: 38: 36: 29: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7061: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7019: 7011: 7010: 7007: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6929:South America 6926: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6837: 6836:United States 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6718:North America 6715: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6576:Liechtenstein 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6028:Guinea-Bissau 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5891: 5887: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5852:Organizations 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5682:Vegetarianism 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5627:Homosexuality 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5497: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5448:Neurotheology 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5142:Folk religion 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4965:Imperial cult 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556:Discordianism 4554: 4552: 4551:Anthroposophy 4549: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4499:Mari religion 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4336:Neo-Theosophy 4334: 4333: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4274:New Acropolis 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4227: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3940: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919:North African 3917: 3914: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3702:Kwakwakaʼwakw 3700: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3466:Austroasiatic 3463: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3437:Vattisen Yaly 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3356:Kirat Mundhum 3354: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 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5117:Denomination 5071: / 4901:Paleo-Balkan 4867:Mesopotamian 4707:Cook Islands 4678:Old Prussian 4591:UFO religion 4530: 4526:Zalmoxianism 4454:Neoshamanism 4311:Spiritualism 4194:Other ethnic 4083: 3909:Traditional 3869:Bongthingism 3722:Mesoamerican 3484:Austronesian 3305: 3301:Neo-Buddhism 3233: 3229:Neo-Hinduism 3150:Swaminarayan 2988: 2937:Salvationist 2922:Confucianism 2773:Samaritanism 2743:Ali-Illahism 2724: 2591: 2585:Unitarianism 2526:Old Catholic 2333:Nestorianism 2291:Christianity 2278: 2244:Conservative 2094:Online books 2084: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2030: 2023: 2016: 2008: 2000: 1996:22 (2): 109. 1993: 1986: 1979: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1910: 1906: 1894: 1890: 1868:. 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Retrieved 1238: 1185: 1178: 1172: 1162: 1148: 1125: 1089: 1081:Almighty God 1070: 1054: 1036: 1023: 1015: 999: 991: 987: 985: 959: 925: 912: 897: 885:Holy Trinity 872: 869: 861: 843: 838: 835: 805: 797: 788: 744: 740:Korban Todah 739: 732:Old Covenant 715:original sin 700: 694: 667:Christianity 653: 627: 618: 608:Zhou dynasty 601: 598:Confucianism 578: 559: 557: 534: 528:invasion of 518:Aztec Empire 514:Tenochtitlán 509:Templo Mayor 507: 492: 464: 446:(set in the 421: 403: 393: 347: 337: 301: 247:metaphorical 242: 236: 225: 219: 213: 209: 208:, the Greek 203: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 169: 142: 122:propitiation 113: 112: 87: 72: 63: 44: 6884:New Zealand 6821:Saint Lucia 6771:El Salvador 6676:Switzerland 6611:Netherlands 6383:Philippines 6311:South Korea 6306:North Korea 6196:Afghanistan 6143:South Sudan 6033:Ivory Coast 5817:Deification 5764:Objectivism 5739:Agnosticism 5697:Persecution 5687:Video games 5652:Populations 5563:Proselytism 5531:Monasticism 5522:Clericalism 5512:Agriculture 5503:and society 5468:Soteriology 5428:Comparative 5398:Transtheism 5383:Panentheism 5167:Monasticism 4960:Gallo-Roman 4884:Micronesian 4850:Manichaeism 4798:Hermeticism 4766:Continental 4761:Anglo-Saxon 4641:Paleolithic 4636:Prehistoric 4586:Scientology 4449:Italo-Roman 4304:Radha Soami 4284:New Thought 4124:Espiritismo 4065:Waaqeffanna 4005:Fon and Ewe 3943:Sub-Saharan 3826:Satsana Phi 3613:Californian 3603:Anishinaabe 3534:Karo Pemena 3513:Indonesian 3187:Lingayatism 3135:Mahanubhava 3105:Vaishnavism 3036:Jeungsanism 2959:Folk Taoism 2942:Xiantiandao 2796:Zoroastrian 2455:Charismatic 2450:Pentecostal 2413:Anglicanism 2364:Waldensians 2299:Catholicism 1944:SUNY Press. 1786:14 February 1744:: 378–381. 1305:"sacrifice" 1181:Nachmanides 1032:Quran 108:2 1028:Eid ul-Adha 932:Last Supper 889:Virgin Mary 821:Holy Orders 809:Melchizedek 794:; page 10). 736:Lamb of God 677:Victim soul 654:Members of 602:During the 587:By religion 545:Norse sagas 537:Scandinavia 499:Mesoamerica 401:or spirit. 192:sacrificium 176:sacrificium 147:Terminology 138:Mesoamerica 58:introducing 6874:Micronesia 6751:Costa Rica 6646:San Marino 6606:Montenegro 6586:Luxembourg 6443:Uzbekistan 6418:Tajikistan 6323:Kyrgyzstan 6296:Kazakhstan 6246:East Timor 6216:Bangladesh 6206:Azerbaijan 6123:Seychelles 6088:Mozambique 6073:Mauritania 6058:Madagascar 5948:Cape Verde 5730:irreligion 5725:Secularism 5632:Minorities 5600:Toleration 5595:Syncretism 5580:Fanaticism 5570:Disability 5558:Missionary 5548:Conversion 5536:Ordination 5458:Psychology 5453:Philosophy 5393:Polytheism 5373:Monotheism 5368:Henotheism 5209:Orthopraxy 5199:Ordination 5162:Meditation 5157:Indigenous 5122:Entheogens 5107:Conversion 4872:Babylonian 4862:Melanesian 4788:Gnosticism 4673:Lithuanian 4566:Fourth Way 4420:Circassian 4398:Dievturība 4321:Tensegrity 4254:Falun Gong 3899:Sanamahism 3879:Donyi-Polo 3556:Polynesian 3502:Kaharingan 3427:Burkhanism 3366:Ravidassia 3344:Śvetāmbara 3130:Pushtimarg 3110:Krishnaism 3046:Vietnamese 3031:Cheondoism 2964:Yao Taoism 2900:East Asian 2666:Isma'ilism 2622:Maturidism 2401:Mennonites 2396:Hutterites 2381:Anabaptism 2274:Humanistic 1923:104:28–50. 1391:. London. 1230:References 1159:Maimonides 1155:Samaritans 1132:sacrifices 1104:pilgrimage 1004:Bangladesh 817:sacraments 761:, and the 671:See also: 539:, the old 476:Tertullian 286: 430 180:sacrificus 103:bas-relief 41:references 7049:Sacrifice 6992:Venezuela 6937:Argentina 6854:Australia 6806:Nicaragua 6781:Guatemala 6581:Lithuania 6403:Sri Lanka 6398:Singapore 6378:Palestine 6266:Indonesia 6256:Hong Kong 6078:Mauritius 5799:Overviews 5754:Criticism 5702:Terrorism 5677:Theocracy 5622:Happiness 5590:Pluralism 5575:Education 5501:Religion 5473:Salvation 5463:Sociology 5408:Religious 5388:Pantheism 5378:Nontheism 5271:Mountains 5249:Sacrifice 5204:Orthodoxy 5194:Mythology 5189:Mysticism 5078:Behaviour 4987:Canaanite 4970:Mithraism 4855:Mazdakism 4830:Hungarian 4803:Mysteries 4712:Dravidian 4494:Hungarian 4410:Caucasian 4381:Godianism 4341:Agni Yoga 4331:Theosophy 4294:Rastafari 4269:Modekngei 4249:Brahmoism 4242:Syncretic 4234:movements 4232:religious 4144:Quimbanda 4092:Candomblé 4085:Diasporic 3864:Bathouism 3854:Benzhuism 3779:Tsimshian 3749:Midewiwin 3742:Purépecha 3680:Longhouse 3608:Blackfoot 3539:Malaysian 3529:Kapitayan 3339:Digambara 3324:Ayyavazhi 3289:Vajrayana 3254:Theravada 3167:Ganapatya 3140:Ramanandi 3069:Hoahaoism 2947:Yiguandao 2842:Yarsanism 2837:Shabakism 2824:Yazdânism 2814:Zurvanism 2809:Mazdaznan 2768:Rastafari 2763:Mandaeism 2637:Wahhabism 2617:Ash'arism 2580:Tolstoyan 2570:Spiritual 2560:Mormonism 2531:Judaizers 2504:Quakerism 2482:Methodist 2472:Irvingism 2423:Calvinism 2376:Adventism 2359:Moravians 2196:Abrahamic 2085:Sacrifice 2066:202271434 1870:24 August 1521:24 August 1434:cite book 1316:23 August 1208:Micah 6:8 1204:Micah 6:7 1128:Leviticus 970:Yajurveda 900:Eucharist 826:purgatory 767:Eucharist 719:atonement 707:incarnate 629:Confucius 448:labyrinth 352:kourbánia 321:Egyptians 317:Lustratio 288:–425 BC ( 243:sacrifice 230:, Slavic 196:eucharist 161:Janakkala 114:Sacrifice 7043:Category 7018:Category 6982:Suriname 6972:Paraguay 6957:Colombia 6864:Kiribati 6791:Honduras 6761:Dominica 6736:Barbados 6701:Scotland 6661:Slovenia 6656:Slovakia 6631:Portugal 6501:Bulgaria 6423:Thailand 6373:Pakistan 6353:Mongolia 6348:Maldives 6343:Malaysia 6231:Cambodia 6178:Zimbabwe 6153:Tanzania 6003:Ethiopia 5998:Eswatini 5978:Djibouti 5943:Cameroon 5928:Botswana 5872:Timeline 5867:Scholars 5827:Founders 5692:Violence 5647:Politics 5517:Business 5480:Theology 5224:Prophecy 5214:Paganism 5102:Covenant 5069:Apostasy 5004:Scythian 4945:Rapa Nui 4921:Thracian 4916:Illyrian 4906:Albanian 4877:Sumerian 4820:Harappan 4756:Germanic 4751:Georgian 4744:Selk'nam 4729:Etruscan 4717:Egyptian 4695:Druidism 4658:Armenian 4581:Satanism 4561:Eckankar 4484:Estonian 4469:Romanian 4459:Ossetian 4439:Germanic 4388:Armenian 4377:African 4370:paganism 4299:Sant Mat 4289:Rajneesh 4264:Meivazhi 4259:Japanese 4216:Siberian 4149:Santería 4119:Convince 3985:Bushongo 3889:Kiratism 3816:Hmongism 3697:Jivaroan 3675:Iroquois 3665:Ho-Chunk 3635:Cherokee 3590:American 3561:Hawaiian 3474:Sarnaism 3444:Tungusic 3432:Tengrism 3422:Mongolic 3351:Sarnaism 3282:Nichiren 3259:Mahayana 3246:Buddhism 3224:Sant Mat 3214:Sauraism 3209:Smartism 3204:Shaktism 3197:Balinese 3182:Kaumaram 3177:Kapalika 3172:Kashmiri 3157:Shaivism 3097:Hinduism 3064:Caodaism 3008:Ryukyuan 3003:Tenrikyo 2998:Shugendō 2976:Japanese 2847:Yazidism 2832:Ishikism 2710:Quranism 2683:Khawarij 2632:Salafism 2627:Atharism 2516:Esoteric 2487:Holiness 2477:Lutheran 2438:Reformed 2418:Baptists 2391:Brethren 2355:Hussites 2343:Assyrian 2259:Haymanot 2213:Orthodox 2162:Religion 1994:Religion 1913:: 25–41. 1861:Archived 1780:Archived 1746:Archived 1738:Emmanuel 1630:13 April 1624:Archived 1571:Archived 1542:Archived 1515:Archived 1511:41636609 1393:Archived 1248:Archived 1218:See also 1212:Jeremiah 1122:Shechita 1100:Jamaraat 1012:Pakistan 982:Dhabihah 962:Shaktism 950:Hinduism 908:Reformed 887:and the 875:19; 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