232:
120:
170:
arrested a group of
Pergamene conspirators and seized their property. Diodorus secured the return of this property somehow (perhaps it had been taken by the Romans along with the rest of Mithridates' property at the end of the war). The decree records that these actions and others were central to maintaining order and harmony in Pergamon at a time of major social unrest. A similar embassy sent at this time by the
102:, whose close connections with Rome and regular benefactions helped to restore the prosperity of the province's cities, thwart social unrest, and maintain good relations with Rome. Their actions laid the foundations for the close relationship between Roman power and the civic elites of Asia, which endured through the
204:
In addition, he received front-row seats at all festivals and games and the right to burn incense at all political meetings. A new civic tribe was established, named
Paspareis in his honour. The day of his return from Rome, 8 Apollonius, became a public holiday. A benefactor cult was established for
275:
IV 294 does not contain
Diodorus' name, but it was almost certainly passed in his honour at the end of his tenure as gymnasiarch. It praises him for his actions in that role, recounted in chronological order, probably on the basis of the report that Diodorus submitted at the end of his term. He had
327:
IV 293 decree d is a later stage in the same process. It praises
Diodorus for his construction work once more, saying he has conducted himself "just as if he were a second founder," mentions that he had agreed to pay for the construction of the exedra, and makes the necessary arrangements to allow
169:
to take action against the publicani. Diodorus' embassy also seems to have complained about depredations carried out by the occupying Roman legions, the financial costs of hosting them, and the tribute that had been levied on Asia after the First
Mithridatic War. During the war, Mithridates had
310:
IV 293 is an inscribed column, which once stood in
Pergamon's upper gymnasium. It contains six honorific decrees for Diodorus (a-f), of which b, e, and f are mostly lost. These decrees were voted at different times and inscribed on the column at a later date. Decree a honours Diodorus for the
267:
32, p. 313 no. 36) and a bronze cult statue in an uncertain location. Sacrifices are to be offered to
Diodorus next to the cult statue, both statues are to be given a headband and a crown whenever other statues receive those honours, and Diodorus is to receive a crown each year at the Hermaea
185:
In honour of these actions, the
Pergamenes honoured Diodorus with a golden crown, a marble statue, a gilded statue, two statues on horseback, a colossal bronze statue showing him being crowned by the people, all of which were to bear the inscription:
145:
treated
Pergamon harshly, removing its free status, executing people linked with Mithridates and confiscating their property, charging the city an indemnity, subjecting it to tribute, and requiring it to host and support the occupying
82:
35, p. 409, no. 3, which cannot be precisely dated, but all belong around 69 BC. These decrees honour him for a range of activities, including embassies to Rome, service as gymnasiarch, revival of festivals, and building works.
319:(wrestling ground) in one of the gymnasia and it mentioned various other projects that are now lost. It also mentions his organisation of the 29th celebration of the Nicephoria festival. In honour of his achievements, an
190:
the people honoured
Diodorus son of HerĆides, the hereditary priest of Zeus the Greatest and chief priest, who inherited the role of benefactor from his ancestors and has provided many great benefits to his
262:
in Asia. The decree was passed while Pasparus was still in office as gymnasiarch and it orders a marble statue to be erected in his honour in the gymnasium of the young men (the base of this survives as
254:
festival, which was the first to take place after a war, and was passed immediately after the festival, while he was still in office. Older scholarship placed this in 125 BC in the aftermath of
386:), and was eventually appointed king of Bosporus. The other magistrate is probably Diodorus Pasparus. C. P. Jones suggests that Mithradates succeeded Diodorus as Pergamon's leading citizen.
350:
IV 293 honours Diodorus for further diplomatic activities and other unspecified good deeds, noting his "influence with the (Roman) magistrates." The decree mentions the honours granted by
334:
35, p. 409, no. 3 also honours Diodorus for his service as gymnasiarch and includes a chronological account of his activities in the role. It may be a second copy of
328:
him to do that. Decree e is mostly lost, but it seems to mention that Diodorus had carried out sacrifices and games previously decreed for his father, Heroides.
284:
and which he held on 8 Apollonius, the anniversary of his return from the embassy to Rome. He also erected statues and held sacrifices in honour of all the
1625:
1386:"La procédure législative à Pergame au Ier siÚcle au J.-C. : à propos de la chronologie relative des décrets en l'honneur de Diodoros Pasparos"
209:, and an annual priest. A religious procession was to be held for the inauguration of the shrine. These cultic honours were based on the cult for
375:
300:
IV 293, which is mostly lost, seems to have been the original decree giving Diodorus permission to erect (some of?) the statues mentioned in
1615:
1620:
354:
IV 292 and 293a, so must post-date both of them. The decree augments his earlier cultic honours, by introducing prayers to him in the
1443:
1424:
210:
367:
1610:
29:
182:
2.503). Several other advocates for the cities of Asia at this time are mentioned in inscriptions and literary sources.
174:(to which all the cities in the province of Asia belonged) to complain about the publicani is attested in a decree at
338:
IV 294 or a decree passed in Diodorus' honour at the end of a second, otherwise unattested, tenure as gymnasiarch.
247:
171:
87:
1436:
Die Polis im Wandel : Ehrendekrete fĂŒr eigene BĂŒrger im Kontext der hellenistischen Polisgesellschaft
123:
99:
95:
20:
62:
was contested. He is known solely from a series of inscribed honorific decrees. The earliest of these is
281:
259:
134:
59:
161:
IV 292, is a decree praising Diodorus for his actions at this time. He seems to have led an embassy to
1500:
276:
provided olive oil in the gymnasium for boys and men; funded the festival of the Mysteries of the
206:
251:
150:. A financial crisis developed, during which high interest rates charged by Roman moneylenders (
1562:
Virgilio, B. (1994). "La cittĂ ellenistica e i suoi "benefattori": Pergamo e Diodoro Pasparo".
1538:
1439:
1420:
1385:
296:(r. 80â58). His actions in support of resident Romans are singled out for praise. Decree f on
293:
231:
258:
revolt, but C. P. Jones established that the correct date is 69 BC, following the end of the
1550:
1512:
1483:
1397:
280:; and revived the Kriobolia ("ram slaughter") festival, which had lapsed as a result of the
48:
840:
214:
1539:"Une épigramme satirique d'Automédon et AthÚnes au début de l'Empire (Anth. Pal. XI-319)"
323:
was to be built for him in the gymnasium of the youths containing a cult statue of him.
366:
A set of Pergamene bronze coins. These coins bear the names of their mint magistrates,
138:
55:
52:
1409:
Corey Brennan, T. (2009). "Embassies Gone Wrong: Roman diplomacy in the Constantinian
119:
1604:
371:
358:
and giving him the right to wear a crown and offer prayers at games and festivals.
700: 35, p. 467, no. 50; Chankowski 1998 no. 9
246:
II 256 honours Pasparus for his service as gymnasiarch (manager of the city's four
166:
147:
103:
581: 35, p. 412, no. 4; Chankowski 1998 no. 6
525: 35, p. 412, no. 4; Chankowski 1998 no. 6
434: 32, p. 243, no. 4; Chankowski 1998 no. 5
374:, a witness for the prosecution of Lucius Valerius Flaccus (praetor 63 BC; son of
86:
Diodorus is part of a class of civic leaders in the province in this period, like
1414:
223:
35, p. 409, no. 2 seems to recall this diplomatic activity at a later date.
312:
289:
255:
175:
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1223:
1185:
1076:
1018:
898:
355:
316:
151:
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1401:
236:
44:
43:
85-69 BC), son of Heroides, was the leading statesman and benefactor at
1516:
285:
277:
213:, the founder of the province, and similar to the old honours for the
379:
320:
141:
and became his main base of operations. Following the Roman victory,
127:
91:
1524:
Musti, D. (1998). "I Nikephoria e il ruolo panellenico di Pergamo".
268:
festival, which marked the end of the gymnasiarch's year of office.
1454:
230:
142:
118:
945:
943:
550:
162:
875:
873:
40:
1323:
1321:
1164:
1162:
1160:
988:, p. 171 n. 2 with further references. A challenge by
34:
1455:"Per eterna memoria e immortalitĂ di un benefattore": L'
1340:
1338:
1336:
1099:
1097:
1053:
1051:
315:
in 69 BC. This work included the construction of a new
839:
Reynolds, Joyce; Roueché, Charlotte; Bodard, Gabriel.
288:
kings, and another statue for King Ptolemy, probably
205:
Diodorus, including a sanctuary (the Diodoreium) in
1484:"Diodoros Pasparos and the Nikephoria of Pergamon"
976:, pp. 184 & 190. This date affirmed by
554: 764; Chankowski 1998 no. 1
66:IV 292 which belongs in the late 80s or 70s BC.
250:) and organiser of the 29th celebration of the
188:
1583:"OGIS 764: Pergamon honours Diodoros Pasparos"
1301:"OGIS 764: Pergamon honours Diodoros Pasparos"
1224:"OGIS 764: Pergamon honours Diodoros Pasparos"
1186:"OGIS 764: Pergamon honours Diodoros Pasparos"
1077:"OGIS 764: Pergamon honours Diodoros Pasparos"
1019:"OGIS 764: Pergamon honours Diodoros Pasparos"
899:"OGIS 764: Pergamon honours Diodoros Pasparos"
1526:Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica
985:
879:
577: 32, p. 257, no. 8;
548: 29, p. 152, no. 1;
521: 32, p. 257, no. 8;
154:) caused many people to lose their property.
8:
486: 32, p. 313, no. 36
1416:Diplomats and Diplomacy in the Roman World
1368:
1356:
1327:
1271:
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1247:
1209:
1168:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1042:
1004:
981:
961:
934:
370:and Diodorus. Mithradates was a friend of
1438:. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
393:
735:
977:
724:Chankowski 1998 no. 10
458:Chankowski 1998 no. 11
376:Lucius Valerius Flaccus, consul 86 BCE
137:(89-85 BC), Pergamon was conquered by
70:IV 293 dates to 69 BC. The others are
1390:Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique
1344:
1283:
1103:
1057:
993:
989:
973:
949:
922:
864:
841:"2.503. Decree of the koinon of Asia"
826:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
742:
677:Chankowski 1998 no. 8
657:Chankowski 1998 no. 2
498:Chankowski 1998 no. 4
478:Chankowski 1998 no. 3
311:construction work that he oversaw as
7:
1294:
1292:
1179:
1177:
1070:
1068:
1066:
892:
890:
888:
1419:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 171â192.
51:, when the city's place within the
235:Courtyard of the Upper Gymnasium,
14:
845:IAph: Inscriptions of Aphrodisias
595:Construction of Diodorus' exedra
1626:1st-century BC Greek politicians
1434:Forster, Florian Rudolf (2018).
637:Sacrifices for Diodorus' father
1384:Chankowski, Andrzej S. (1998).
571:Gymnasiarchy: construction work
378:) at Rome in 59 BC (subject of
292:of Egypt (r. 80â51) or perhaps
745:, pp. 183 n. 2, 191, 197.
1:
1501:"Diodoros Pasparos Revisited"
1459:di Diodoro Pasparo a Pergamo"
769:, pp. 191, 193â194, 203.
1413:". In Eilers, Claude (ed.).
515:Permission to erect statue/s
172:League of the Greeks in Asia
35:
1616:1st-century BC Asian people
1453:Genovese, Cristina (2011).
1642:
157:The earliest inscription,
36:DiodĆros HÄrĆidou Pasparos
24:
1621:Ancient Greek ambassadors
1543:Revue des Ătudes Grecques
952:, pp. 198 & 201.
573:
567:
25:ÎÎčÏÎŽÏÏÎżÏ áŒ©ÏÏÎčÎŽÎżÏ
Î ÎŹÏÏαÏÎżÏ
1411:Excerpta de Legationibus
781:, pp. 191, 193â194.
495:Gymnasiarchy: Nicephoria
475:Gymnasiarchy: Nicephoria
1007:, p. 163, 169-174.
708:32, p. 314, no. 39
685:32, p. 314, no. 38
665:32, p. 314, no. 37
47:, in the period of the
1537:Robert, Louis (1981).
645:35, p. 409, no. 3
609:Diplomatic activities
442:35, p. 409, no. 2
271:The surviving text of
240:
202:
130:
96:Theophanes of Mytilene
88:Aulus Aemilius Zosimus
1555:10.3406/reg.1981.1291
1499:Jones, C. P. (2000).
1482:Jones, C. P. (1974).
1402:10.3406/bch.1998.7171
455:Diplomatic activities
428:Diplomatic activities
282:Third Mithridatic War
260:Third Mithridatic War
234:
135:First Mithridatic War
122:
1611:People from Pergamon
648:69 BC or later?
390:List of inscriptions
100:Theopompus of Cnidus
1463:Mediterraneo Antico
964:, p. 163, 169.
925:, pp. 197â198.
867:, pp. 203â204.
829:, pp. 193â194.
805:, pp. 196â197.
793:, pp. 194â196.
757:, pp. 203â205.
395:
199:IV 292, lines 29-31
115:Diplomatic activity
1517:10.34780/l39d-c2c9
1250:, p. 175-180.
1142:, p. 163-164.
1118:, p. 190-191.
1045:, p. 192-194.
986:Corey Brennan 2009
937:, p. 191-192.
880:Corey Brennan 2009
568:Dossier of decrees
512:Dossier of decrees
394:
241:
131:
126:, portrait in the
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411:Other references
342:Further diplomacy
294:Ptolemy of Cyprus
33:
17:Diodorus Pasparus
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1005:Chankowski 1998
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980:, p. 346;
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384:Pro Flacco
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