1045:"Dillwyn was from his student years an unwavering atheist." Alan Hollinghurst, "The Victory of Penelope Fitzgerald" (a review of Hermione Lee, Penelope Fitzgerald : A Life, Knopf, 488 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXI, no. 19 (4 December 2014), p. 8. (The article comprises pp. 8, 10, 12.)
705:
represented the GC&CS at the first Polish–French–British meeting at Paris in
January 1939. The Poles were under order to disclose nothing of importance, leaving the British codebreakers disappointed. Knox's description of his system of rodding impressed the Polish codebreakers and they requested
571:
During the First World War he had been elected
Librarian at King's College, but never took up the appointment. After the war Knox intended to resume his research at King's, but was persuaded by his wife to remain at his secret work; indeed, so secret was this work that his own children had no idea,
801:
After the meeting, he sent the Polish cryptologists a very gracious note in Polish, on official
British government stationery, thanking them for their assistance and sending "sincere thanks for your cooperation and patience". Enclosed were a beautiful scarf featuring a picture of a
524:
of the
Admiralty Old Building, where some of his work was done in the bath. He persuaded his superiors to have a bathtub installed in his office in the cryptanalysis section of the British Admiralty (in Room 53). In 1917, Knox followed Room 40 with its expansion into
1057:
States "Professor Denis Smyth, of the
University of Toronto, an expert on Second World War intelligence operations, said that the British codebreaker Alfred Dilwyn Knox cracked the code of Franco's machine in 1937, but 'this information was not passed on to the
710:
Knox grasped everything very quickly, almost quick as lightning. It was evident that the
British had been really working on Enigma ... So they didn't require explanations. They were specialists of a different kind, of a different
1924:
Enigma: How the German
Machine Cipher was Broken, and how it was Read by the Allies in World War Two - Edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, Maryland (a substantially revised and augmented translation of
2067:
777:), a good personal relationship was quickly established at the conference. The good impression made by Rejewski on Knox played an important role in increasing recruitment of mathematicians to
928:
955:
took charge of running ISK and was appointed head after Knox's death. By the end of the war, ISK had decrypted and disseminated 140,800 messages. Intelligence gained from these
2107:
337:
until his death in 1943. He built the team and discovered the method that broke the
Italian Naval Enigma, producing the intelligence credited with Allied victory at the
822:
These 'batons' were known as rods to the
British and had been used to solve the Spanish Enigma. Knox's rodding method was later used to break the Italian Naval Enigma.
2097:
2077:
2057:
1989:
789:
It was such an obvious thing to do, really a silly thing to do, that nobody, not Dilly Knox or Tony
Kendrick or Alan Turing, ever thought it worthwhile trying it.
398:
880:) developed a system known as 'rodding', a linguistic as opposed to mathematical way of breaking codes. This technique worked on the Enigma used by the
596:– short sections of plain text – could be guessed. When – a decade later – Knox picked up this work, he developed a more effective algebraic system (
2102:
2072:
810:
I don't know how Knox's method was supposed to work, most likely he had hoped to vanquish Enigma with the batons. Unfortunately we beat him to it.
636:
1900:
447:
He married Olive Rodman in 1920, forgetting to invite two of his three brothers to his wedding. The couple had two sons, Oliver and Christopher.
644:
1978:
1936:
1890:
1849:
1830:
1719:
1662:
2087:
441:
478:
fragments, but finally managing to decipher the text of the Herodas papyri. The Knox-Headlam edition of Herodas finally appeared in 1922.
592:
in 1927 on behalf of GC&CS. Foss found "a high degree of security" but wrote a secret paper describing how to attack the machine if
1966:
1803:
1791:
1772:
1760:
1688:
1676:
1589:
1577:
1403:
366:
1957:
1454:
990:
304:
272:
172:
152:
39:
1729:
1609:
920:
2112:
2062:
1329:
2092:
2082:
1573:
911:
used rodding to decrypt intercepted Italian naval signals describing the sailing of an Italian battle fleet, leading to the
1310:
1292:
564:
506:
413:
284:
113:
901:
315:
1277:
781:. Knox was chagrined — but grateful — to learn how simple was the solution of the Enigma's entry ring (standard
558:
Oh, if a time should ever come when we're demobilized How we shall miss the interests which once life comprised!
1997:
1919:
931:, who had commanded the victorious fleet at Matapan, went to Bletchley to congratulate 'Dilly and his girls'.
643:. On 24 April 1937, Knox broke the Spanish Enigma but knowledge of this breakthrough was not shared with the
310:
As Chief Cryptographer, Knox played an important role in the Polish–French–British meetings on the eve of the
837:
in September 1939, and occasionally visited GC&CS's London HQ to discuss this problem with Knox. In the
103:
1021:
985:. When he became unable to travel to Bletchley Park, he continued his cryptographic work from his home in
912:
338:
323:
216:
1945:
997:, one of 'Dilly's girls', the female codebreakers who worked with him, was published in September 2009.
924:
2052:
2047:
850:
405:
374:
572:
until many years after his death, what he did for a living, and his contribution to the war effort.
1878:
1818:
966:
962:
728:
537:
433:
394:
296:
249:
916:
803:
782:
702:
2017:
739:). The Poles began to disclose to their French and British allies their achievements in solving
672:
1220:
1974:
1953:
1932:
1929:, Warsaw, Książka i Wiedza, 1979, supplemented with additional appendices by Marian Rejewski.)
1886:
1845:
1826:
1799:
1768:
1715:
1703:
1684:
1658:
1585:
1450:
1399:
1304:
640:
1444:
1614:
986:
834:
724:
692:
633:
437:
311:
543:
much of the German admiral's flag code by exploiting an operator's love of romantic poetry.
1638:
845:, staying with Knox and his wife. By November 1939 Turing had completed the design of the
815:
750:
716:
647:. Soon afterwards, Knox began to attack signals between Spain and Germany encrypted using
429:
300:
444:, at King's for a few weeks in 1910, but Macmillan found him "austere and uncongenial".
1759:(2011). "Chapter 19: Colossus and the Dawning of the Computer Age". In Erskine, Ralph;
1387:
897:
873:
778:
762:
740:
686:
581:
471:
467:
417:
370:
334:
330:
1738:
2041:
1812:
Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer
1781:
Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer
1756:
1708:
1697:
Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer
1598:
Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer
1263:
838:
758:
754:
425:
390:
288:
244:
126:
2031:
1337:
883:
770:
766:
623:
611:
517:
409:
382:
280:
234:
131:
83:
1626:
1672:
1650:
1634:
1604:
1446:
The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park codebreakers helped win the war
994:
952:
830:
794:
774:
386:
319:
239:
1618:
1576:(2011). "Chapter 1: Bletchley Park in Pre-War Perspective". In Erskine, Ralph;
743:
514:
378:
229:
64:
1787:
877:
698:
678:
589:
17:
1859:
900:
mansion, as head of a research section, which contributed significantly to
982:
682:
276:
1883:
Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-boat Codes, 1939-1943
1675:(2011). "Chapter 6: Breaking Italian Naval Enigma". In Erskine, Ralph;
1383:
842:
521:
475:
463:
451:
421:
292:
147:
1227:, online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014, retrieved 9 May 2014
1790:(2011). "Chapter 3: Reminiscences on the Enigma". In Erskine, Ralph;
891:
736:
732:
667:
585:
350:
342:
1251:
Dod's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland
945:
Enigma. Intelligence Services Knox (ISK) was established to decrypt
876:(those without a plugboard), Knox (building on earlier research by
416:
from 1903, and in 1909 was elected a Fellow following the death of
1710:
Battle of wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II
1009:
English lassies rustling papers through the sodden Bletchley day.
1007:
These have knelled your fall and ruin, but your ears were far away
970:
846:
833:
worked on Enigma during the months leading to the outbreak of the
462:
Between the two World Wars Knox worked on the great commentary on
354:
1901:"Nazi Enigma machines helped General Franco in Spanish Civil War"
961:
decrypts played an important part in ensuring the success of the
1971:
Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers
526:
993:. He died on 27 February 1943. A biography of Knox, written by
420:, from whom he inherited extensive research into the works of
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
685:
and signal intercepts, some of which must have been made in
513:
Soon after war broke out in 1914, Knox was recruited to the
436:. He and Keynes were lovers at Eton. Knox privately coached
727:, held on 25–26 July 1939 at the Polish Cipher Bureau (at
1864:
Room 40 & the Zimmermann telegram/German codebreakers
1643:
Marian Rejewski, 1905–1980: Living with the Enigma Secret
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
588:
in 1925, Knox bought the Enigma 'C' machine evaluated by
365:
Dillwyn Knox, the fourth of six children, was the son of
1475:
1473:
951:
communications. In early 1942, with Knox seriously ill,
689:. This led the French to disclose their links with the
1416:
1414:
927:
victory at Matapan to this intelligence; Admiral Sir
540:, which contributed to bringing the USA into the war.
1969:(2010). "How It Began: Bletchley Park Goes to War".
1185:
1183:
1181:
2068:
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
1024:with poetry, which remained classified until 1978.
969:, the Allied campaign to deceive the Germans about
222:
212:
204:
181:
161:
140:
119:
109:
99:
91:
72:
46:
34:
1931:(2 ed.), University Publications of America,
1707:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
896:. Knox worked in 'the Cottage', next door to the
1531:
981:Knox's work was cut short when he fell ill with
532:Among other tasks, he was involved in breaking:
275:(23 July 1884 – 27 February 1943) was a British
1885:, Houghton Mifflin Co., pp. 25–26, 84–85,
1842:Inside Room 40: The Codebreakers of World War I
1004:
808:
787:
708:
616:) adopted Enigma in 1926, adding a plug-board (
584:became available commercially in the 1920s. In
556:
490:
353:decrypts, including intelligence important for
1607:(2004). "Knox, (Alfred) Dillwyn (1884–1943)".
1253:, Sampson Low, Marston & Co., 1904, p. 983
677:in 1938, obtaining from the Bureau details of
404:Dillwyn—known as "Dilly"—Knox was educated at
1542:
1540:
1299:. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.
1080:
1078:
881:
600:) based on the principles described by Foss.
8:
1613:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1491:
1489:
1487:
1189:
956:
946:
940:
889:
867:
690:
670:
648:
627:
617:
609:
1973:. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–35.
1324:
1322:
1320:
1015:Dilly Knox, Epitaph on Matapan to Mussolini
666:GC&CS began to discuss Enigma with the
470:, damaging his eyesight while studying the
399:John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott
1731:Bletchley Park Technical Articles: Rodding
1546:
1239:
31:
1952:, London, UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
1767:. Biteback Publishing. pp. 305–327.
1495:
2108:Foreign Office personnel of World War II
1507:
295:codebreaking unit he helped decrypt the
2078:People educated at Summer Fields School
1798:. Biteback Publishing. pp. 35–39.
1683:. Biteback Publishing. pp. 79–92.
1610:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1074:
1038:
2014:Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan
1584:. Biteback Publishing. pp. 1–12.
1420:
1358:
1302:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1084:
1054:
849:— a radical improvement of the Polish
1558:
1370:
1334:- 'Classics Ireland' Volume 9 (2002)"
1221:"Peck, Winifred Frances, (Lady Peck)"
1209:
1172:
1150:
1124:
7:
2098:Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
1860:"Codes, Ciphers, & Codebreaking"
1844:, London, UK: Ian Allan Publishing,
1479:
806:winner and a set of paper 'batons'.
333:, he worked on the cryptanalysis of
2058:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
1449:. Biteback Publishing. p. 18.
168:Fellow of King's College, Cambridge
1899:Keeley, Graham (24 October 2008),
1519:
1431:
761:who solved the plugboard-equipped
706:his presence at a second meeting.
657:On the eve of the Second World War
494:has never, it's true, been to sea
25:
1988:Staff writer (17 November 2004),
1810:(Updated and extended version of
1779:(Updated and extended version of
1695:(Updated and extended version of
1596:(Updated and extended version of
939:In October 1941, Knox solved the
769:, approached the problem through
563:Dilly the Dodo, Alice in ID25 by
553:Government Code and Cypher School
397:. His father was a descendant of
305:Government Code and Cypher School
173:Order of St Michael and St George
27:British cryptographer (1884–1943)
1655:Dilly: The Man Who Broke Enigmas
725:Polish–French–British conference
697:(Polish cryptographers). Knox,
2103:Deaths from lymphoma in England
2073:People educated at Eton College
2034:at Frode Weierud’s CryptoCellar
1950:Enigma: The Battle for the Code
1796:The Bletchley Park Codebreakers
1765:The Bletchley Park Codebreakers
1681:The Bletchley Park Codebreakers
1637:(2005), "Marian and Dilly", in
1582:The Bletchley Park Codebreakers
1020:Knox celebrated the victory at
345:Enigma. By the end of the war,
299:which brought the USA into the
194:
921:Director of Naval Intelligence
888:(Italian Navy) and the German
861:
662:Polish–French–British meetings
1:
1996:, London, UK, archived from
1627:UK public library membership
393:, and uncle of the novelist
2088:20th-century cryptographers
1291:Bt, Sir William Arbuthnot.
902:cryptanalysis of the Enigma
500:in a bath in the Admiralty.
36:Alfred Dillwyn "Dilly" Knox
2129:
987:Hughenden, Buckinghamshire
935:Intelligence Services Knox
341:. In 1941, Knox broke the
1332:Classics and Intelligence
1309:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
723:Knox attended the second
496:but though not in a boat
466:that had been started by
414:King's College, Cambridge
412:. He studied classics at
349:had disseminated 140,800
347:Intelligence Service Knox
285:King's College, Cambridge
114:King's College, Cambridge
1281:, vol. 177, 1845, p. 311
1278:The Gentleman's Magazine
1267:, vol. 20, 1847, p. 1171
989:, where he received the
377:; he was the brother of
361:Personal life and family
1443:Smith, Michael (2011).
1396:The Mimes and Fragments
1229:(subscription required)
965:of MI5 and MI6, and in
915:in March 1941. Admiral
841:Turing was recorded in
622:) to improve security.
498:he has served afloat —
2113:People from Headington
2063:British cryptographers
2032:Description of rodding
1946:Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh
1619:10.1093/ref:odnb/37641
1022:Battle of Cape Matapan
1018:
957:
947:
941:
913:Battle of Cape Matapan
890:
882:
868:
820:
799:
773:(whereas Knox applied
721:
691:
671:
649:
628:
618:
610:
569:
511:
339:Battle of Cape Matapan
217:Edmund Arbuthnott Knox
2093:Bletchley Park people
2083:British papyrologists
2012:Thorpe, D.R. (2010).
1840:Gannon, Paul (2011),
1532:Sebag-Montefiore 2000
1297:www.kittybrewster.com
862:Knox's rodding method
825:
492:The sailor in Room 53
303:. He then joined the
291:. As a member of the
1819:Fitzgerald, Penelope
653:ed Enigma machines.
458:Academic scholarship
428:he was friends with
406:Summer Fields School
375:Bishop of Manchester
316:Polish cryptanalysis
2018:Chatto & Windus
1920:Kozaczuk, Władysław
1574:Andrew, Christopher
967:Operation Fortitude
963:Double-Cross System
681:Enigma supplied by
538:Zimmermann Telegram
434:John Maynard Keynes
408:, Oxford, and then
395:Penelope Fitzgerald
297:Zimmermann Telegram
250:Penelope Fitzgerald
51:Alfred Dillwyn Knox
1814:Bantam Press 2001)
1783:Bantam Press 2001)
1704:Budiansky, Stephen
1699:Bantam Press 2001)
1600:Bantam Press 2001)
1549:, pp. 249–250
783:alphabetical order
771:permutation theory
703:Alastair Denniston
608:The Germany Navy (
389:, Ethel Knox, and
1980:978-0-19-957814-6
1938:978-0-89093-547-7
1892:978-0-395-42739-2
1851:978-0-7110-3408-2
1832:978-0-00-711830-4
1823:The Knox Brothers
1721:978-0-684-85932-3
1664:978-1-906447-01-4
1625:(Subscription or
1190:Staff writer 2004
1001:Classified poetry
929:Andrew Cunningham
641:Spanish Civil War
576:Commercial Enigma
505:Alice in ID25 by
474:'s collection of
258:
257:
171:Companion of the
86:, Buckinghamshire
16:(Redirected from
2120:
2021:
2008:
2007:
2005:
1984:
1962:
1941:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1895:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1854:
1836:
1809:
1778:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1744:on 11 April 2007
1743:
1737:, archived from
1736:
1724:
1713:
1694:
1668:
1646:
1645:, pp. 67–74
1639:Rejewski, Marian
1630:
1622:
1595:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1498:, pp. 95–96
1493:
1482:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1340:on 30 March 2022
1336:. Archived from
1330:"Richmond, John
1326:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1293:"Table E part 2"
1288:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1192:
1187:
1176:
1170:
1153:
1148:
1127:
1122:
1087:
1082:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1016:
960:
950:
944:
895:
887:
871:
857:Second World War
835:Second World War
818:
797:
719:
696:
676:
652:
631:
621:
615:
567:
548:Between the wars
509:
438:Harold Macmillan
314:which disclosed
312:Second World War
198:
196:
92:Other names
79:
76:27 February 1943
60:
58:
32:
21:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2038:
2037:
2028:
2011:
2003:
2001:
2000:on 2 March 2007
1987:
1981:
1965:
1960:
1944:
1939:
1918:
1910:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1877:
1868:
1866:
1857:
1852:
1839:
1833:
1817:
1806:
1786:
1775:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1728:Carter, Frank,
1727:
1722:
1702:
1691:
1671:
1665:
1649:
1633:
1624:
1603:
1592:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1553:
1547:Fitzgerald 2002
1545:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1328:
1327:
1318:
1301:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1240:Fitzgerald 2002
1238:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1171:
1156:
1149:
1130:
1123:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1003:
979:
937:
907:Knox's team at
874:Enigma machines
864:
859:
828:
819:
816:Marian Rejewski
814:
798:
793:
751:Marian Rejewski
720:
717:Marian Rejewski
715:
673:Deuxième Bureau
664:
659:
632:ed machines to
606:
578:
568:
562:
555:
550:
510:
504:
499:
497:
495:
493:
489:
487:First World War
484:
460:
430:Lytton Strachey
363:
301:First World War
254:
200:
197: 1920)
192:
188:
177:
157:
136:
110:Alma mater
87:
81:
77:
68:
62:
56:
54:
53:
52:
42:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2026:External links
2024:
2023:
2022:
2009:
1985:
1979:
1967:Smith, Michael
1963:
1958:
1942:
1937:
1927:W kręgu enigmy
1916:
1896:
1891:
1875:
1858:Goebel, Greg.
1855:
1850:
1837:
1831:
1815:
1805:978-1849540780
1804:
1792:Smith, Michael
1784:
1774:978-1849540780
1773:
1761:Smith, Michael
1757:Copeland, Jack
1753:
1725:
1720:
1714:, Free Press,
1700:
1690:978-1849540780
1689:
1677:Smith, Michael
1669:
1663:
1647:
1631:
1601:
1591:978-1849540780
1590:
1578:Smith, Michael
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1496:Budiansky 2000
1483:
1469:
1455:
1435:
1424:
1410:
1405:978-1290531078
1404:
1388:Hedlam, Walter
1375:
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1005:
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978:
975:
936:
933:
898:Bletchley Park
863:
860:
858:
855:
827:
826:Turing's bombe
824:
812:
791:
779:Bletchley Park
713:
687:Eastern Europe
663:
660:
658:
655:
605:
604:Spanish Enigma
602:
582:Enigma machine
577:
574:
560:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
502:
488:
485:
483:
480:
472:British Museum
468:Walter Headlam
459:
456:
442:Prime Minister
418:Walter Headlam
371:Merton College
362:
359:
335:Enigma ciphers
331:Bletchley Park
322:Enigma to the
261:Alfred Dillwyn
256:
255:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
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226:
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107:
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97:
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82:
80:(aged 58)
74:
70:
69:
63:
50:
48:
44:
43:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2125:
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2043:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1994:The Telegraph
1991:
1990:"Peter Twinn"
1986:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:0-7538-1130-8
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1926:
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1575:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1534:, p. 350
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1510:, p. 313
1509:
1508:Copeland 2011
1504:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1458:
1456:9781849542623
1452:
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1428:
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1415:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:, Hardpress,
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1373:, p. xii
1372:
1367:
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1360:
1355:
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1264:The Spectator
1259:
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1129:
1126:
1121:
1119:
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1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
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1079:
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1069:
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1027:
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1023:
1010:
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996:
992:
988:
984:
976:
974:
972:
968:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
934:
932:
930:
926:
923:credited the
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
894:
893:
886:
885:
879:
875:
870:
866:To break non-
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:1939 register
836:
832:
823:
817:
811:
807:
805:
796:
790:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:mathematician
756:
755:cryptographer
753:, the Polish
752:
747:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
718:
712:
707:
704:
700:
695:
694:
693:Biuro Szyfrów
688:
684:
680:
675:
674:
669:
661:
656:
654:
651:
646:
642:
638:
635:
630:
626:supplied non-
625:
620:
614:
613:
603:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
575:
573:
566:
559:
552:
547:
542:
539:
535:
534:
533:
530:
528:
523:
519:
518:cryptological
516:
508:
501:
486:
481:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
448:
445:
443:
440:, the future
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:undergraduate
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:Winifred Peck
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
307:(GC&CS).
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
251:
248:
246:
245:Winifred Peck
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
184:
180:
174:
170:
167:
166:
164:
160:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
143:
139:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
75:
71:
66:
49:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
2013:
2002:, retrieved
1998:the original
1993:
1970:
1949:
1928:
1923:
1909:, retrieved
1907:, p. 27
1904:
1882:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1841:
1825:. Flamingo.
1822:
1811:
1795:
1780:
1764:
1746:, retrieved
1739:the original
1730:
1709:
1696:
1680:
1673:Batey, Mavis
1657:. Dialogue.
1654:
1651:Batey, Mavis
1642:
1635:Batey, Mavis
1608:
1605:Batey, Mavis
1597:
1581:
1554:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1460:. Retrieved
1445:
1438:
1427:
1395:
1391:
1378:
1366:
1361:, p. 27
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1331:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1235:
1224:
1216:
1175:, p. xi
1058:Republicans.
1050:
1041:
1019:
1006:
980:
938:
917:John Godfrey
908:
906:
884:Regia Marina
865:
829:
821:
809:
800:
788:
767:Nazi Germany
748:
722:
709:
665:
637:Nationalists
624:Nazi Germany
612:Kriegsmarine
607:
597:
593:
579:
570:
557:
531:
515:Royal Navy's
512:
491:
482:Codebreaking
461:
449:
446:
410:Eton College
403:
383:Wilfred Knox
364:
346:
328:
309:
281:papyrologist
279:scholar and
268:
264:
260:
259:
235:Wilfred Knox
187:Olive Rodman
132:Papyrologist
78:(1943-02-27)
61:23 July 1884
29:
18:Dillwyn Knox
2053:1943 deaths
2048:1884 births
2004:14 February
1879:Kahn, David
1869:14 February
1748:14 February
1567:Works cited
1522:, p. 1
1421:Andrew 2011
1392:Knox, A. D.
1359:Thorpe 2010
1225:Who Was Who
1085:Gannon 2011
1055:Keeley 2008
995:Mavis Batey
953:Peter Twinn
909:The Cottage
831:Alan Turing
795:Peter Twinn
775:linguistics
731:, south of
645:Republicans
565:Frank Birch
507:Frank Birch
424:. While an
387:Ronald Knox
369:, tutor at
367:Edmund Knox
289:codebreaker
240:Ronald Knox
127:Codebreaker
120:Occupations
100:Citizenship
2042:Categories
1788:Foss, Hugh
1629:required.)
1559:Batey 2009
1462:26 October
1371:Batey 2009
1210:Batey 2004
1173:Batey 2009
1151:Smith 2010
1125:Batey 2011
1028:References
744:decryption
520:effort in
450:He was an
379:E. V. Knox
373:and later
230:E. V. Knox
65:Headington
57:1884-07-23
1905:The Times
1480:Foss 2011
1070:Citations
878:Hugh Foss
749:Although
699:Hugh Foss
679:Wehrmacht
590:Hugh Foss
223:Relatives
153:GC&CS
141:Employers
1948:(2000),
1922:(1984),
1881:(1991),
1821:(2002).
1794:(eds.).
1763:(eds.).
1706:(2000),
1679:(eds.).
1653:(2009).
1580:(eds.).
1394:(eds.),
1386:(2010),
1305:cite web
1013:—
983:lymphoma
813:—
792:—
765:used by
714:—
634:Franco's
561:—
503:—
277:classics
205:Children
67:, Oxford
1641:(ed.),
1384:Herodas
1344:22 June
869:stecker
843:Naphill
650:stecker
639:in the
629:stecker
619:stecker
598:rodding
522:Room 40
476:papyrus
464:Herodas
452:atheist
422:Herodas
318:of the
293:Room 40
199:
191:
148:Room 40
104:British
84:Wycombe
1977:
1956:
1935:
1911:15 May
1889:
1848:
1829:
1802:
1771:
1718:
1687:
1661:
1623:
1588:
1520:Carter
1453:
1432:Goebel
1402:
958:Abwehr
948:Abwehr
942:Abwehr
925:Allied
892:Abwehr
763:Enigma
741:Enigma
737:Poland
733:Warsaw
711:class.
668:French
586:Vienna
351:Abwehr
343:Abwehr
324:Allies
287:and a
213:Parent
182:Spouse
1742:(PDF)
1735:(PDF)
1033:Notes
977:Death
971:D-Day
851:bomba
847:bombe
804:Derby
683:Asché
594:cribs
355:D-Day
265:Dilly
193:(
189:
162:Title
95:Dilly
2006:2015
1975:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1913:2020
1887:ISBN
1871:2015
1846:ISBN
1827:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1750:2015
1716:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1464:2022
1451:ISBN
1400:ISBN
1346:2012
1311:link
757:and
729:Pyry
701:and
580:The
536:the
527:ID25
432:and
320:Axis
269:Knox
73:Died
47:Born
1615:doi
991:CMG
872:ed
785:).
329:At
283:at
273:CMG
40:CMG
2044::
2016:.
1992:,
1903:,
1862:.
1539:^
1486:^
1472:^
1413:^
1390:;
1319:^
1307:}}
1303:{{
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1223:,
1196:^
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853:.
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735:,
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195:m.
2020:.
1983:.
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1835:.
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1777:.
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1621:.
1617::
1594:.
1466:.
1348:.
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1062:"
1060:'
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55:(
20:)
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