117:
277:
long with expanded tips. The stems which did not bear sporangia had coiled (circinnate) tips. Fertile stems bore disc-shaped sporangia laterally on stalks up to 5 mm long, forming open spikes. The sporangia, which were about 3.7 millimetres (0.15 in) in diameter, had spines like the stems, and split (dehisced) along their margin to release the trilete
276:
consisted of creeping stems (axes) up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter with many K- or H-shaped branches as well as upturned or trailing stems, slightly smaller in diameter, which also branched. All stems had irregularly arranged multicellular spines up to 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in)
20:
926:
257:
866:
913:
834:
The early
Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan: a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and early diversification of vascular plants
977:
842:
756:
718:
676:
256:(spore-forming organs). The genus was first described by Hao in 1989 based on fossil specimens from the Posongchong Formation,
967:
646:. The Gosslingiales are considered to be zosterophylls with indeterminate growth and fertile branches generally showing
737:
Boyce, C.K. (2005), "The evolutionary history of roots and leaves", in
Holbrook, N.M. & Zwieniecki, M.A. (eds.),
783:
116:
972:
881:
301:, but differs in branching pattern and in the arrangement of the sporangia, including their long stalks.
647:
674:
Hao, Shou-Gang (1989), "A new zosterophyll from the Lower
Denovian (Siegenian) of Yunnan, China",
643:
111:
939:
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838:
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752:
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491:
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282:
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344:
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232:
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141:
39:
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832:
689:
639:
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532:
485:
395:
70:
781:
Crane, P.R.; Herendeen, P. & Friis, E.M. (2004), "Fossils and plant phylogeny",
317:(club-mosses and allies) has been much discussed. Hao considered that the spines of
309:
The evolutionary relationship between spines in early plants and the small leaves ('
514:
497:
448:
423:
340:
333:
170:
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could be precursors of lycophylls. Boyce regarded the occurrence of the spines of
526:
45:
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on sporangia as evidence that they were not related to lycophylls in this way.
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90:
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65:
60:
50:
918:
463:
236:
100:
75:
417:
875:
281:, which were 30–50 micrometres (0.0012–0.0020 in) in diameter.
278:
128:
879:
21:
List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
19:
This article is about the genus. For other taxonomic uses, see
247:
707:
Paleobotany, The
Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants
328:
A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places
705:
Taylor, T.N.; Taylor, E.L. & Krings, M. (2009),
888:
870:
630:Hao and Xue in 2013 used the absence of terminal
743:, Burlington: Academic Press, pp. 479–499,
364:
347:(living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).
8:
831:Hao, Shougang & Xue, Jinzhuang (2013),
776:
774:
876:
837:, Beijing: Science Press, pp. 52–54,
669:
667:
665:
663:
27:
796:
659:
246:). The name is derived from the Greek
677:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
436:Z. llanoveranum, Z. fertile
16:Extinct genus of spore-bearing plants
7:
732:
730:
700:
698:
289:having annular, spiral thickenings.
818:
709:(2nd ed.), Amsterdam; Boston:
554:
386:
360:
350:
14:
871:Crane, Herendeen & Friis 2004
558: †basal groups
390: †basal groups
749:10.1016/B978-012088457-5/50025-3
115:
285:was present in the stems, with
252:, referring to the disc-shaped
1:
978:Prehistoric lycophyte genera
740:Vascular Transport in Plants
690:10.1016/0034-6667(89)90018-3
591:extant and extinct members
239:or Siegenian stage, around
994:
784:American Journal of Botany
634:to place the genus in the
248:
18:
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560:
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453:
392:
384:
366:
358:
203:
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112:Scientific classification
110:
30:
650:(initially curled up).
798:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1683
968:Early Devonian plants
504:B. citrulliforme
447: †'core'
339:of broadly defined "
242:411 to 408
648:circinate vernation
295:somewhat resembles
821:, pp. 169–170
432: myretonianum
955:
954:
940:Open Tree of Life
882:Taxon identifiers
844:978-7-03-036616-0
758:978-0-12-088457-5
720:978-0-12-373972-8
627:
626:
618:
617:
609:
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492:Protobarinophyton
260:, Yunnan, China.
244:million years ago
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684:(3–4): 155–171,
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642:, in the family
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343:", basal to the
258:Wenshan district
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36:Temporal range:
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791:(10): 1683–99,
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283:Vascular tissue
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861:External links
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572: deciduum
570:Zosterophyllum
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500: obscurum
457:Zosterophyllum
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430:Zosterophyllum
408:Distichophytum
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268:The leafless
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233:Early Devonian
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210:S.G.Hao (1989)
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193:S.G.Hao (1989)
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539:Crenaticaulis
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533:Serrulacaulis
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528:
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517:
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510:
505:
501:
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494:
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488:
487:
486:Thrinkophyton
482:
478:
477:
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450:
449:zosterophylls
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437:
433:
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396:Adoketophyton
389:
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356:
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341:zosterophylls
338:
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304:
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294:
293:D. longistipa
290:
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274:D. longistipa
271:
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212:
208:
207:D. longistipa
202:
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171:Zosterophylls
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142:Tracheophytes
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33:
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26:
22:
889:
848:, retrieved
833:
826:
814:
788:
782:
762:, retrieved
739:
706:
681:
675:
644:Discaliaceae
636:paraphyletic
629:
590:
568:
562:
561:
537:
531:
525:
519:
515:Deheubarthia
513:
507:
503:
498:Barinophyton
496:
490:
484:
480:
474:
468:
462:
455:
454:
435:
428:
422:
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412:
406:
401:
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394:
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369:
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334:paraphyletic
329:
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318:
313:') of later
308:
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273:
267:
219:
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206:
204:
187:
186:
161:
148:
135:
31:
25:
527:Anisophyton
459:divaricatum
264:Description
227:of extinct
962:Categories
850:2019-10-25
764:2011-02-06
654:References
476:Gosslingia
371:Hicklingia
355:lycophytes
337:stem group
315:lycoposids
311:lycophylls
270:sporophyte
155:Lycophytes
867:Cladogram
632:sporangia
585:lycopsids
345:lycopsids
305:Phylogeny
287:tracheids
254:sporangia
173: (?)
125:Kingdom:
905:Q5281411
899:Wikidata
890:Discalis
819:Hao 1989
807:21652317
768:, p. 491
724:, p. 254
587:
521:Konioria
509:Sawdonia
470:Oricilla
451:
413:Rebuchia
402:Discalis
330:Discalis
323:Discalis
319:Discalis
298:Sawdonia
220:Discalis
199:Species
188:Discalis
32:Discalis
945:4738295
932:1313422
919:4893993
583:
464:Tarella
368:†
237:Pragian
231:of the
180:Genus:
162:Plesion
129:Plantae
841:
805:
755:
717:
638:order
564:Nothia
418:Gumuia
279:spores
249:δίσκος
927:IRMNG
869:from
332:in a
225:genus
223:is a
149:Clade
136:Clade
914:GBIF
839:ISBN
803:PMID
753:ISBN
715:ISBN
481:Hsua
424:Huia
46:PreꞒ
793:doi
745:doi
686:doi
415:),
272:of
964::
942::
929::
916::
901::
801:,
789:91
787:,
773:^
751:,
729:^
713:,
697:^
682:57
680:,
662:^
567:,
536:,
530:,
524:,
518:,
512:,
506:,
502:,
495:,
489:,
483:,
479:,
473:,
467:,
461:,
434:,
427:,
421:,
411:(=
405:,
399:,
164::
151::
138::
96:Pg
795::
747::
688::
235:(
205:†
184:†
168:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
23:.
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