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538:. The federal district originally comprised land in the form of a square measuring 10 miles (16 km) on each side donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia. The Residence Act also provided for the selection of a three-member board of commissioners, appointed by the president, charged with overseeing the construction of the new capital. Two other incorporated cities that predated the establishment of the district were also included within the new federal territory:
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570:– into a single municipality as Washington, D.C., exists today. In the same Organic Act, Congress created a territorial government which consisted of a legislative assembly with an upper-house composed of eleven council members appointed by the president and a 22-member house of delegates elected by the people, as well as an appointed Board of Public Works charged with modernizing the city. In 1873, President
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have questioned the legislature's structure noting that with 13 members nearly any piece of legislation can pass with just seven votes, leading to accusations that the council can too easily overreach in its powers. However, this unique governing structure has also allowed the council to operate more efficiently in comparison to some state legislatures with regard to consideration and passage of laws.
585:. One of the three members would be selected to act as President of the Board. This form of government continued for nearly a century. Between 1948 and 1966, six bills were introduced in Congress to provide some form of home rule, but none ever passed. The commissioner form of government was replaced in 1967 by a mayor-commissioner and a nine-member city council appointed by the president.
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incorporation allowed for a local municipal government consisting of a mayor appointed by the president and an elected six-member council. The local governments of
Georgetown and Alexandria were also left intact. In 1820, the Congress granted the City of Washington a new charter, which allowed for an elected mayor.
622:. Four at-large members represent the district as a whole. The chairman of the council is likewise elected at an at-large basis. The terms of the at-large members are staggered so that two are elected every two years, and each D.C. resident may vote for two different at-large candidates in each general election.
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According to the Home Rule Act, of the chair and the at-large members, a maximum of three may be affiliated with the majority political party. In the council's electoral history, of the elected members who were not affiliated with the majority party, most were elected as at-large members. In 2008 and
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and the 13-member
Council of the District of Columbia. The council has the ability to pass local laws and ordinances. However, pursuant to the Home Rule Act all legislation passed by the D.C. government, including the district's local budget, remains subject to the approval of Congress. After signing
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Due to public pressure and the demands of handling the district's complex day-to-day affairs, Congress eventually agreed to devolve certain powers over the district to an elected local government. However, lawmakers in
Congress during the early 1970s had originally sought to re-institute the post of
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Like other legislatures, the council has several standing committees and a full-time staff, including a council secretary, auditor, and general counsel. Given the limited number of council members, nearly every member of the council has, in effect, the opportunity to chair a committee. Commentators
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Under the
Constitution, Congress has the power to legislate for the district "in all cases whatsoever," which has long been interpreted to vest Congress with ultimate authority over the capital. However, the Founding Fathers envisioned that Congress would delegate this authority to local officials.
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To become a candidate for council an individual must be resident of the
District of Columbia for at least one year prior to the general election, a registered voter, and hold no other public office for which compensation beyond expenses is received. Candidates running for a ward position must be a
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officially organized the entire federal territory under the control of
Congress but did not establish an overarching government for the entire district as recommended. In 1802, the original board of commissioners was disbanded, and the City of Washington was officially incorporated. The city's
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The members are nominated by the chairperson of the committee at the start of the council period and are voted on by the existing committee members. If a vacancy of a member occurs, the seat is filled by a vote on a nomination by the chairperson. If a vacancy of a councilperson occurs,
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In 1800, Congress created a joint commission to recommend the governance for what was then called the
Territory of Columbia. The joint commission recommended a governorship and a 25-member legislative assembly. This would have been the federal district's first legislature. However, the
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governor and create a 25-member legislative assembly. Local officials opposed this form of government, insisting that the district's status as a municipality be respected. On
December 24, 1973, Congress obliged the demands of local residents and enacted the
578:, to the new post of governor. Shepherd authorized large-scale projects to modernize Washington but overspent three times the approved budget, bankrupting the city. In 1874, Congress abolished the district's local government in favor of a direct rule.
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Committees of the council consider legislation relevant to specific policy matters and are responsible for oversight on relevant local government agencies. Special committees are convened to consider investigations, ethics, and other matters.
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486:. However, the Constitution vests Congress with ultimate authority over the federal district, and therefore all acts of the council are subject to congressional review. They may be overturned by Congress and the
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As of
December 2018, the eight ward and four at-large council members receive an annual salary of $ 140,161, while the council chairman receives an annual salary of $ 210,000. According to a 2011 article in
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, at no time shall there be more than three members (including the
Chairman) serving at large on the Council who are affiliated with the same political
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A three-member Board of Commissioners replaced the territorial government; two members were appointed by the president after approval by the Senate and a third member was selected from the
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546:, founded in 1749. A new "federal city" called the City of Washington was then constructed on the north bank of the Potomac, to the east of the established settlement at Georgetown.
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562:, which created a new government for the entire District of Columbia. This Act effectively combined the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the unincorporated area then known as
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The council is composed of thirteen members, each elected by district residents to a four-year term. One member is elected from each of the district's eight
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said, "I believe the legislation skillfully balances the local interest and the national interest in the way the District of Columbia is governed."
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The possible paths of bills, emergencies, and temporaries through the power structure of the District of Columbia as dictated by the Home Rule Act
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At various times in the district's history, Congress has devolved some of its authority to district residents and their elected representatives.
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to the Council certain powers that are typically exercised by city councils elsewhere in the country, as well as many powers normally held by
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498:
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1993:
1945:
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1801:
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490:. Congress also has the power to legislate for the district and even revoke the home rule charter altogether.
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1707:, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University.
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1064:, the DC council were the second-highest-paid local representatives of large cities in the United States.
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2009:
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1937:
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on July 16, 1790, they called for a new permanent capital of the United States to be located on the
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1961:
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17:
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This piecemeal governmental structure remained essentially intact until the passage of the
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1639:"D.C. mayor, council chair and attorney general would get $ 20,000 raises with new bill"
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1527:"Rules Of Organization And Procedure For The Council Of The District Of Columbia"
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2017:
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1585:"Brooke Pinto wins Ward 2 D.C. Council race to serve the rest of this year"
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609:
521:
1665:"D.C. Council Salaries are second-highest among big U.S. cities"
1191:. Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project. Archived from
3273:
2877:
1714:
1556:"Brooke Pinto leads the vote count in Ward 2 special election"
1271:
Great cities in America: their problems and their government
1692:
1402:. Council of the District of Columbia. 2008. Archived from
1125:
Dayton, Ohio: United Brethren Publishing House. p. 87.
1090:
List of members of the Council of the District of Columbia
683:
List of members of the Council of the District of Columbia
1400:"History of Self-Government in the District of Columbia"
566:– the portion south of the Potomac River had been
227:
1359:. Government of the District of Columbia. February 1999
651:
Map of District of Columbia Ward boundaries since 2022
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299:
United States Attorney for the District of Columbia
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3468:Members of the Council of the District of Columbia
1617:District of Columbia Department of Human Resources
1571:Pinto is likely to win November's general election
1122:Centennial History of the City of Washington, D.C.
1303:"Government Reorganized for District of Columbia"
1253:. Washington, D.C.: John Byrne & Co. p.
1164:. Alexandria Historical Society. Archived from
574:appointed the board's most influential member,
3285:
2889:
1726:
428:
304:Attorney General for the District of Columbia
8:
1322:"Why does the D.C. Council have 13 members?"
1095:Political party strength in Washington, D.C.
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3278:
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3206:The former District and its subdivisions:
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1733:
1719:
1711:
1250:The government of the District of Columbia
686:
435:
421:
315:Superior Court of the District of Columbia
237:
203:
42:
31:
1698:District of Columbia City Council Records
1469:"Is D.C. overgoverned? Or undergoverned?"
27:Legislative branch of the D.C. government
1376:
1374:
1040:Recreation, Libraries and Youth Affairs
1111:
240:
3473:Washington, D.C., government officials
3458:Government of the District of Columbia
1759:United States House of Representatives
1388:. Associated Press. December 24, 1973.
1351:
1349:
1347:
568:returned to Virginia in the late 1840s
457:government of the District of Columbia
2862:Lists of past U.S. state legislatures
695:
583:United States Army Corps of Engineers
309:District of Columbia Court of Appeals
262:The District of Columbia is a unique
7:
1357:"District of Columbia Home Rule Act"
1187:Kulyk, Nathaniel (October 3, 2005).
3302:Council of the District of Columbia
1534:Council of the District of Columbia
1501:Council of the District of Columbia
1455:Council of the District of Columbia
762:Executive Administration and Labor
638:changed their party affiliation to
542:, founded in 1751, and the City of
455:) is the legislative branch of the
449:Council of the District of Columbia
36:Council of the District of Columbia
3453:City councils in the United States
1497:"Committees for Council Period 23"
1467:DeBonis, Mike (February 3, 2011).
1320:DeBonis, Mike (February 7, 2011).
1274:. The Macmillan Company. pp.
1227:. Garrett & Massie. p. 8.
813:Business and Economic Development
591:District of Columbia Home Rule Act
463:, the district is not part of any
163:District of Columbia Home Rule Act
25:
3210:District of Columbia (until 1871)
2982:Mayor of the District of Columbia
1742:Legislatures of the United States
1162:"History of Alexandria, Virginia"
1100:Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.
614:The council in session, June 2014
3325:
3250:
1610:"DC Government Employee Listing"
1583:Zauzmer, Julie (June 17, 2020).
1554:Zauzmer, Julie (June 16, 2020).
1382:"Home Rule Bill for D.C. Signed"
1074:
672:the vacancy will be temporarily.
467:and is overseen directly by the
401:
326:Advisory Neighborhood Commission
250:
243:Politics of District of Columbia
109:
1663:Craig, Tim (February 2, 2011).
1268:Wilcox, Delos Franklin (1910).
1247:Dodd, Walter Fairleigh (1909).
990:Transportation and Environment
941:Facilities and Family Services
2855:List of U.S. state legislators
1309:. Associated Press. p. 2.
1137:"Georgetown Historic District"
510:District of Columbia home rule
1:
1457:. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
396:Politics of the United States
3008:Congressional representation
2916:Capital of the United States
1225:A Portrait of Old Georgetown
1223:Ecker, Grace Dunlop (1933).
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867:Public Works and Operations
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793:
767:
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739:
354:Congressional representation
18:District of Columbia Council
3257:Washington, D.C. portal
3171:List of District executives
3166:Inventory of Historic Sites
3156:History of Washington, D.C.
1015:Hospital and Health Equity
593:, providing for an elected
514:History of Washington, D.C.
349:Initiatives and referendums
216:1350 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
3489:
680:
642:when running for council.
507:
461:United States Constitution
321:Council (legislative body)
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834:
785:
783:
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530:When Congress passed the
499:downtown Washington, D.C.
493:The council meets in the
225:
211:
202:
108:
41:
2620:Northern Mariana Islands
1703:August 26, 2021, at the
1444:Organizational Structure
1119:Crew, Harvey W. (1892).
626:2012, Democrats such as
576:Alexander Robey Shepherd
382:Political party strength
3463:Unicameral legislatures
1426:"D.C. Code 1-221(d)(3)"
646:resident of that ward.
495:John A. Wilson Building
213:John A. Wilson Building
3192:Emancipation Day, 1862
1750:United States Congress
615:
527:
476:United States Congress
459:. As permitted in the
3177:Residence Act of 1790
3013:Shadow representation
2663:Legislative elections
1141:National Park Service
613:
525:
359:Shadow representation
3403:Janeese Lewis George
3187:Retrocession of 1847
2590:District of Columbia
1766:United States Senate
1619:. September 30, 2018
1189:"Nelson Rimensnyder"
1082:United States portal
931:Janeese Lewis George
598:the bill, President
544:Alexandria, Virginia
90:since June 13, 2012
3364:Christina Henderson
3197:Organic Act of 1871
3182:Organic Act of 1801
3074:D.C. Superior Court
3054:D.C. National Guard
2959:Tourist attractions
2652:U.S. Virgin Islands
1669:The Washington Post
1643:The Washington Post
1589:The Washington Post
1560:The Washington Post
1473:The Washington Post
1332:on October 15, 2012
1326:The Washington Post
1301:(August 10, 1967).
1061:The Washington Post
777:Christina Henderson
560:Organic Act of 1871
552:Organic Act of 1801
408:Politics portal
3229:City of Washington
3023:Statehood movement
2581:Other legislatures
1777:State legislatures
1449:2011-09-28 at the
699:Committee chaired
616:
528:
484:state legislatures
469:federal government
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3267:
3266:
3233:Washington County
3220:Alexandria County
3202:COVID-19 pandemic
2949:Metropolitan area
2871:
2870:
1406:on March 31, 2009
1299:Leubsdorf, Carl P
1050:
1049:
564:Washington County
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16:(Redirected from
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3069:Court of Appeals
2905:Washington, D.C.
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2005:
1989:
1973:
1957:
1941:
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1693:Official website
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1503:. Archived from
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1307:Nashua Telegraph
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1195:on July 25, 2011
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1168:on April 4, 2009
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636:Michael A. Brown
632:Elissa Silverman
572:Ulysses S. Grant
474:Since 1975, the
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264:federal district
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192:November 5, 2024
180:November 8, 2022
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119:Political groups
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3354:Kenyan McDuffie
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3300:Members of the
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3215:Alexandria City
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3018:Ballot measures
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3110:Demographics
3095:Architecture
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2417:South Dakota
2385:Rhode Island
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606:Composition
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266:of the U.S.
150:Independent
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3374:Ward-level
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1106:References
892:Judiciary
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759:At-large
734:The Whole
721:Chairman
693:Position
488:president
377:Elections
371:Elections
294:Secretary
284:Home rule
228:dccouncil
169:Elections
159:Authority
152: (2)
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3161:Timeline
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1978:Illinois
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1701:Archived
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2010:Iowa
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