116:
1339:
1371:
1260:, and that the common ancestor of the Asian dipterocarps and the Sarcolaenaceae was found in the India-Madagascar-Seychelles land mass millions of years ago, and were carried northward by India, which later collided with Asia and allowed the dipterocarps to spread across Southeast Asia and Malaysia. Although associated with Southeast Asia in contemporary times, recent studies using fossil pollen and molecular data suggest an African origin in the mid-cretaceous. Prior to this research, the first dipterocarp pollen was found in Myanmar (which at that time was part of the
1408:
alone reduced the species distributions by 67%, and 37% in protected areas. On the other hand, climate change reduced species distributions by 16-27% in both protected and unprotected areas. There was also an upward shift in elevation of species distribution as a result of climate change, as habitats changed. They concluded that there was a need to improve protected area planning as refuges for critical species, with SDMs proving to be a useful tool for providing projections that can then be incorporated into this planning process.
1383:
138:
5455:
1407:
and land cover on the distribution of this important tree family in the
Philippines. They used species distribution models (SDMs) for 19 species that were projected onto both current and future climate scenarios, with current land cover incorporated as well. They found that the current land cover
1857:
Bansal, Mahi; Morley, Robert J.; Nagaraju, Shivaprakash K.; Dutta, Suryendu; Mishra, Ashish Kumar; Selveraj, Jeyakumar; Kumar, Sumit; Niyolia, Deepti; Harish, Sachin
Medigeshi; Abdelrahim, Omer Babiker; Hasan, Shaa eldin; Ramesh, Bramasamdura Rangana; Dayanandan, Selvadurai; Morley, Harsanti P.;
1411:
Another paper by
Shishir et al. also investigated the potential effects of climate change on a threatened Dipterocarp tree in Purbachal, Bangladesh. Using a model that incorporated nine different environmental variables such as climate, geography, and soil conditions, they looked at two climate
1354:
Dipterocarpaceae species can be either evergreen or deciduous. Species occurring in
Thailand grow from sea level to about 1300 m elevation. Environments in which the species of the family occur in Thailand include lowland dipterocarp forest 0–350 m, riparian fringe, limestone hills, and coastal
1842:
M. Ducousso, G. Béna, C. Bourgeois, B. Buyck, G. Eyssartier, M. Vincelette, R. Rabevohitra, L. Randrihasipara, B. Dreyfus, Y. Prin. The last common ancestor of
Sarcolaenaceae and Asian dipterocarp trees was ectomycorrhizal before the India-Madagascar separation, about 88 million years ago.
1102:) is the richest area in the world for dipterocarp species. The Dipterocarpoideae can be divided morphologically into two groups, and the tribe names Shoreae and Dipterocarpeae are sometimes used, but genetic evidence so far does not support this division:
1399:
As the dominant tree in
Southeast Asia, the Dipterocarp family has seen extensive study relating to its conservation status. They are a keystone species of the native forests of this region, and are essential to their function and structure.
1412:
scenarios. They found that precipitation and soil nitrogen were the largest determinants of distribution, and that suitable habitat for this species will decline by 21-28% relative to the present land area as a result of climate change.
1591:
Pang Sean E H, De Alban Jose Don T, & Webb Edward L. (2021). Effects of climate change and land cover on the distributions of a critical botanical family in the
Philippines. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 276–276.
1194:). The genera of this group have imbricate sepals in fruit, grouped vessels, resin canals in tangential bands, and basic chromosome number x = 7. A recent molecular study suggests that the genus
661:"fruit"; the words combined refer to the two-winged fruit available from trees of that genus, other related genera with winged fruits of more than two are included in the family as well.
1929:
Khan, Mahasin Ali; Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E. V.; Roy, Kaustav; Hazra, Manoshi; Hazra, Taposhi; Mahato, Sumana; Kumar, Sanchita; Bera, Subir (2020-11-03).
5675:
5701:
2230:
1976:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV",
2160:
5837:
5623:
2278:
115:
5688:
5636:
1653:
2173:
1720:
1580:
1710:
1160:). The genera of this group have valvate sepals in fruit, solitary vessels, scattered resin canals, and basic chromosome number x = 11.
1343:
2223:
1744:
1636:
1421:
1338:
1256:, a tree family endemic to Madagascar. This suggests that ancestor of the dipterocarps originated in the southern supercontinent of
601:
2116:"Predicting the probable impact of climate change on the distribution of threatened Shorea robusta forest in Purbachal, Bangladesh"
5832:
5662:
1808:
S. Indrioko; O. Gailing; R. Finkeldey (2006). "Molecular phylogeny of
Dipterocarpaceae in Indonesia based on chloroplast DNA".
2020:
Smitinand, Tem; Santisuk, Thatwatchai (1981). "Dipterocarpaceae of
Thailand with Special Reference to Silvicultural Ecology".
1375:
582:
1683:
137:
5693:
2257:
2004:
1370:
1074:
Dipterocarpoideae: the largest of the subfamilies, it contains 13 genera and about 475 species. Distribution includes the
550:(65 species). Many are large forest-emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40–70 m, some even over 80 m (in the
5458:
2283:
2273:
2216:
1931:"Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae) leaves from the K-Pg of India: a Cretaceous Gondwana presence of the Dipterocarpaceae"
1392:
5545:
5522:
1359:
1467:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
5827:
5822:
5753:
1761:"Phylogeny of the tropical tree family Dipterocarpaceae based on nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast RBCL gene"
1593:
1518:
1513:
5706:
1631:
Volume 5, 2004. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L. G. and Chung, R. C. K. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
5817:
1657:
1090:, and a large distribution in Borneo, where they form the dominant species in the lowland forests. North Borneo (
5758:
2268:
5610:
2059:"Effects of climate change and land cover on the distributions of a critical tree family in the Philippines"
2179:
1739:, 1998. Appanah, S. and Turnbull, J. M. eds. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.
1268:. The sample appears to slowly increase in terms of diversity and abundance across the region into the mid-
5597:
5475:
5550:
5727:
1540:
1508:
124:
5615:
5602:
5513:
5745:
5641:
5571:
1860:"Southeast Asian Dipterocarp origin and diversification driven by Africa-India floristic interchange"
1661:
1735:
Maury-Lechon, G. and Curtet, L. Biogeography and Evolutionary Systematics of Dipterocarpaceae. In
5789:
5298:
4516:
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2519:
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2039:
1958:
1895:
1825:
1782:
1387:
1281:
1114:
717:
593:
244:
132:
1441:
1382:
5732:
5714:
5558:
5255:
5054:
4606:
4466:
4395:
4318:
4199:
4085:
4002:
3367:
2358:
2294:
2169:
2137:
2096:
2078:
1950:
1887:
1879:
1790:
1740:
1716:
1632:
1576:
693:
573:
226:
5680:
5719:
5139:
5129:
5089:
5069:
4845:
4775:
4750:
4697:
4471:
4461:
4161:
4105:
4080:
3826:
3731:
3698:
3488:
3402:
3397:
3372:
3273:
3235:
3143:
2807:
2670:
2645:
2640:
2433:
2350:
2127:
2086:
2070:
1985:
1942:
1871:
1817:
1772:
1552:
1488:
1478:
473:
5420:
5207:
5074:
5059:
4639:
4526:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4456:
4272:
4267:
4067:
4037:
4007:
3891:
3856:
3816:
3791:
3781:
3741:
3493:
3382:
3265:
3240:
3135:
3107:
3097:
2890:
2860:
2802:
2787:
2650:
2476:
2383:
2240:
1916:
1252:
A recent genetic study found that the Asian dipterocarps share a common ancestor with the
906:
597:
477:
334:
175:
2208:
5412:
5402:
5384:
5356:
5318:
5308:
5260:
5227:
5217:
5212:
5134:
5084:
5031:
5016:
4901:
4815:
4755:
4745:
4649:
4551:
4486:
4476:
4436:
4418:
4219:
4146:
3934:
3896:
3851:
3786:
3761:
3736:
3680:
3594:
3362:
3309:
3245:
3102:
2994:
2971:
2933:
2910:
2900:
2703:
2565:
2504:
2368:
2091:
2058:
1404:
1253:
1109:
1083:
703:
631:
578:
162:
2114:
Shishir, Sharmin; Mollah, Tanjinul Hoque; Tsuyuzaki, Shiro; Wada, Naoya (2020-12-01).
1859:
5811:
5394:
5323:
5293:
5270:
5265:
5250:
5202:
5169:
5164:
5099:
4893:
4878:
4825:
4805:
4765:
4760:
4740:
4702:
4654:
4601:
4591:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4511:
4426:
4403:
4385:
4353:
4338:
4300:
4204:
4184:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4022:
4017:
3997:
3982:
3944:
3939:
3886:
3876:
3871:
3821:
3801:
3776:
3766:
3667:
3589:
3569:
3508:
3503:
3483:
3417:
3387:
3347:
3255:
3250:
3197:
3067:
3029:
3004:
2976:
2961:
2905:
2885:
2880:
2797:
2764:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2695:
2685:
2675:
2655:
2625:
2557:
2524:
2514:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2330:
2312:
2244:
1962:
1899:
1483:
1466:
1308:
1286:
1277:
1244:
1126:
1027:
751:
626:
605:
540:
488:
374:
274:
73:
41:
1829:
5794:
5333:
5328:
5313:
5303:
5242:
5124:
5109:
5079:
5036:
5026:
4980:
4957:
4947:
4919:
4820:
4800:
4770:
4712:
4659:
4581:
4536:
4496:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4323:
4292:
4257:
4242:
4156:
4151:
4057:
3811:
3806:
3771:
3751:
3726:
3713:
3703:
3675:
3632:
3627:
3584:
3551:
3536:
3498:
3475:
3412:
3407:
3392:
3357:
3339:
3291:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3092:
3052:
2986:
2966:
2956:
2948:
2915:
2875:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2754:
2749:
2713:
2630:
2509:
2466:
2363:
2340:
2304:
1261:
1172:
1132:
1120:
872:
768:
734:
589:
555:
414:
294:
264:
5527:
17:
5781:
5563:
5649:
5507:
5288:
5184:
5144:
5119:
5114:
5104:
4972:
4962:
4952:
4934:
4883:
4835:
4830:
4810:
4790:
4717:
4644:
4586:
4541:
4481:
4446:
4343:
4333:
4277:
4189:
4128:
4123:
4075:
4047:
4027:
3987:
3969:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3836:
3831:
3796:
3690:
3647:
3622:
3546:
3518:
3513:
3352:
3329:
3314:
3283:
3202:
3077:
3057:
3019:
2870:
2865:
2842:
2827:
2769:
2759:
2665:
2660:
2612:
2529:
2453:
2438:
2415:
2410:
2335:
2322:
2132:
2115:
1300:
1295:
1223:
1204:
1150:
971:
819:
516:
484:
444:
394:
254:
48:
2074:
1946:
1557:
5371:
5361:
5338:
5222:
5159:
5094:
5021:
4998:
4924:
4870:
4780:
4634:
4621:
4596:
4576:
4328:
4310:
4282:
4252:
4247:
4179:
4138:
4115:
4052:
4042:
3992:
3977:
3906:
3861:
3846:
3756:
3657:
3637:
3599:
3579:
3301:
3207:
3087:
3072:
3062:
2792:
2741:
2680:
2635:
2486:
2443:
2402:
2393:
1821:
1184:
1087:
1075:
923:
496:
354:
93:
58:
5498:
2141:
2082:
1954:
1930:
1883:
5584:
5379:
5348:
5280:
5149:
5008:
4990:
4942:
4911:
4840:
4785:
4722:
4707:
4692:
4629:
4611:
4546:
4521:
4358:
4262:
4214:
4194:
3841:
3746:
3721:
3192:
3184:
3082:
3047:
3024:
3014:
2999:
2938:
2895:
2855:
2832:
2602:
2534:
2425:
1875:
1332:
1304:
1265:
1228:
1163:
1079:
993:
508:
504:
314:
98:
5771:
2100:
1891:
1794:
1272:. Chemical traces of dipterocarp resins have been found dating back to the
2162:
A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, ecology and silviculture (PDF version)
1276:
of India. The oldest fossil of the family are from the latest Cretaceous (
5766:
5537:
5492:
5232:
5154:
5064:
5046:
4795:
4732:
4684:
4674:
4531:
4348:
4234:
4209:
4171:
4012:
3881:
3866:
3652:
3642:
3617:
3574:
3541:
3450:
3377:
3174:
3157:
3009:
2925:
2779:
2594:
2584:
2496:
1541:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
1257:
512:
384:
364:
344:
211:
188:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
2196:
5194:
4860:
3959:
3914:
3609:
3561:
3528:
3442:
3166:
3112:
2620:
2057:
Pang, Sean E. H.; De Alban, Jose Don T.; Webb, Edward L. (2021-01-11).
1786:
1493:
1324:
1269:
1238:
1167:
1144:
1105:
1099:
1010:
858:
802:
613:
434:
324:
103:
78:
1990:
577:) 93.0 m tall. Name Menara, or tower in Malaysian, this specimen is a
5654:
3465:
3432:
3039:
2850:
1273:
1233:
1190:
1156:
1091:
940:
836:
609:
567:
551:
546:
528:
520:
492:
454:
404:
201:
5667:
5628:
5469:
1777:
1760:
669:
The dipterocarp family is generally divided into two subfamilies:
5740:
5589:
1915:
Morley, R.J. 2000. Origin and Evolution of Tropical Rain Forests.
1381:
1369:
1337:
1328:
1320:
1210:
1178:
1138:
1095:
889:
785:
561:
534:
500:
424:
304:
284:
149:
480:
5473:
2212:
2201:
1303:
of South America, is now found to be more closely related the
5576:
2005:"Prehistoric creatures discovered in huge Indian amber haul"
1759:
S Dayanandan; P S Ashton; S M Williams; R B Primack (1999).
1737:
A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, ecology and silviculture
1715:. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 51.
476:
of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly lowland
1335:, was identified as sap from the family Dipterocarpaceae.
1242:
has 26 species, distributed across Africa and Madagascar.
588:
The species of this family are of major importance in the
1571:
Simon Gardner, Pindar Sidisunthorn and Lai Ee May, 2011.
519:. The greatest diversity of Dipterocarpaceae occurs in
5482:
5411:
5393:
5370:
5347:
5279:
5241:
5193:
5182:
5045:
5007:
4989:
4971:
4933:
4910:
4892:
4869:
4858:
4731:
4683:
4672:
4620:
4417:
4394:
4383:
4309:
4291:
4233:
4170:
4137:
4114:
4066:
3968:
3957:
3905:
3712:
3689:
3666:
3608:
3560:
3527:
3474:
3463:
3441:
3430:
3338:
3327:
3300:
3282:
3264:
3216:
3183:
3165:
3156:
3134:
3125:
3038:
2985:
2947:
2924:
2841:
2778:
2740:
2712:
2694:
2611:
2593:
2578:
2556:
2547:
2495:
2452:
2424:
2401:
2392:
2381:
2349:
2321:
2303:
2292:
2159:Center for International Forestry Research (1998).
1293:Subfamily Pakaraimoideae containing the sole genus
1539:Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016).
1403:One study by Pang et al. examined the impacts of
1754:
1752:
2010:, 25 October 2010. Retrieved: 26 October 2010.
1712:Dipterocarp Biology, Ecology, and Conservation
2224:
8:
1684:"This Is the World's Tallest Tropical Tree"
653:
644:
635:
571:), with the tallest known living specimen (
5470:
5190:
4866:
4855:
4680:
4669:
4391:
3965:
3471:
3460:
3438:
3427:
3335:
3324:
3162:
3131:
2590:
2553:
2398:
2389:
2300:
2231:
2217:
2209:
1594:Https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79491-9
1331:, containing a large amount of fossilized
624:The family name comes from the type genus
114:
31:
2131:
2090:
1989:
1911:
1909:
1776:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1556:
1492:
1482:
1299:, formerly placed here and native to the
1284:of India, assignable to the extant genus
1978:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1623:
1621:
1619:
1471:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1433:
600:, and habitat conversion. They provide
2040:"A prehistoric forest grows in Brunei"
1648:
1646:
1644:
1374:Primary lowland dipterocarp forest at
596:as a result of overcutting, extensive
1342:Dipterocarpaceae fossil displayed at
7:
5746:32AE6EEC-32AD-5F03-ABEA-EAAE8225C14A
1465:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
1358:The dipterocarps has dominated the
985:
977:
864:
709:
699:
689:
685: Dipterocarpaceae
681:
379:A.C.Londoño, E.Alvarez & Forero
5759:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126600-1
1627:Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae. In
1248:is native to the Colombian Amazon.
675:Phylogeny of the Dipterocarpaceae
25:
1422:Dipterocarp timber classification
399:(Meijer) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.
5454:
5453:
1629:Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak,
1484:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
136:
5838:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Blume
2120:Global Ecology and Conservation
1935:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1858:Ashton, Peter S. (2022-01-28).
1810:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1609:Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae.
1366:Conservation and climate change
1682:Daley, Jason (April 9, 2019).
1264:) and it dates from the upper
1:
1613:, 1982 Series I, 92: 237-552
1393:Taksin Maharat National Park
1226:: three genera, 30 species.
1214:, and should be merged into
2133:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01250
1658:Eastern Native Tree Society
1360:Borneo lowland rain forests
1307:and is placed there in the
5854:
2197:Dipterocarpaceae Data Base
2075:10.1038/s41598-020-79491-9
1947:10.1007/s00606-020-01718-z
1765:American Journal of Botany
1558:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
1519:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1514:Plants of the World Online
1344:Philippine National Museum
27:Family of flowering plants
5449:
3459:
2252:
1822:10.1007/s00606-006-0435-8
1709:Ghazoul, Jaboury (2016).
1319:Some 52-million-year-old
1024:
1007:
990:
983:
981:
975:
937:
920:
903:
886:
869:
862:
833:
816:
799:
782:
765:
748:
731:
714:
707:
697:
687:
654:
645:
636:
239:
234:
133:Scientific classification
131:
122:
113:
34:
1573:Heritage Trees of Penang
1509:"Dipterocarpaceae Blume"
592:. Some species are now
483:. Their distribution is
5779:Watson & Dallwitz:
1876:10.1126/science.abk2177
1575:. Penang: Areca Books.
1362:for millions of years.
612:, and are a source for
526:The largest genera are
349:(P.S.Ashton) P.S.Ashton
5833:Taxa described in 1825
1396:
1379:
1346:
630:which is derived from
5728:Paleobiology Database
1847:13: 231 January 2004.
1385:
1373:
1341:
1315:Fossilized arthropods
125:Dipterocarpus retusus
1688:Smithsonian Magazine
409:Roxb. ex C.F.Gaertn.
1198:forms a clade with
5299:Pentaphragmataceae
4517:Stegnospermataceae
4409:Berberidopsidaceae
4033:Pentadiplandraceae
2520:Atherospermataceae
2063:Scientific Reports
2022:Malaysian Forester
1397:
1388:Anisoptera costata
1380:
1347:
1301:Guaianan highlands
1282:Intertrappean Beds
581:tree. It grows in
544:(70 species), and
18:Dipterocarp forest
5828:Pantropical flora
5823:Malvales families
5805:
5804:
5715:Open Tree of Life
5476:Taxon identifiers
5467:
5466:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5256:Cardiopteridaceae
5178:
5177:
5055:Plocospermataceae
4854:
4853:
4668:
4667:
4607:Anacampserotaceae
4467:Ancistrocladaceae
4396:Berberidopsidales
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4319:Biebersteiniaceae
4200:Sphaerosepalaceae
4086:Strasburgeriaceae
4003:Setchellanthaceae
3953:
3952:
3426:
3425:
3368:Cercidiphyllaceae
3323:
3322:
3152:
3151:
3121:
3120:
2574:
2573:
2543:
2542:
2377:
2376:
2359:Austrobaileyaceae
2175:978-979-8764-20-2
1991:10.1111/boj.12385
1870:(6579): 455–460.
1845:Molecular Ecology
1722:978-0-19-108784-4
1581:978-967-57190-6-6
1378:, Sabah, Malaysia
1071:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1038:
961:
960:
952:
951:
848:
847:
694:Dipterocarpoideae
574:Shorea faguetiana
467:
466:
230:
16:(Redirected from
5845:
5818:Dipterocarpaceae
5798:
5797:
5785:
5784:
5775:
5774:
5762:
5761:
5749:
5748:
5736:
5735:
5723:
5722:
5710:
5709:
5697:
5696:
5684:
5683:
5671:
5670:
5658:
5657:
5645:
5644:
5632:
5631:
5619:
5618:
5606:
5605:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5567:
5566:
5554:
5553:
5541:
5540:
5531:
5530:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5514:Dipterocarpaceae
5503:
5502:
5501:
5484:Dipterocarpaceae
5471:
5457:
5456:
5191:
5140:Thomandersiaceae
5130:Lentibulariaceae
5090:Scrophulariaceae
5070:Tetrachondraceae
4867:
4856:
4846:Mitrastemonaceae
4776:Pentaphylacaceae
4751:Tetrameristaceae
4698:Hydrostachyaceae
4681:
4670:
4472:Rhabdodendraceae
4462:Dioncophyllaceae
4392:
4225:Dipterocarpaceae
4162:Dipentodontaceae
4106:Crossosomataceae
4081:Geissolomataceae
3966:
3827:Chrysobalanaceae
3732:Ctenolophonaceae
3699:Lepidobotryaceae
3489:Anisophylleaceae
3472:
3461:
3439:
3428:
3403:Tetracarpaeaceae
3398:Aphanopetalaceae
3373:Daphniphyllaceae
3336:
3325:
3274:Trochodendraceae
3236:Circaeasteraceae
3163:
3144:Ceratophyllaceae
3132:
2808:Alstroemeriaceae
2671:Potamogetonaceae
2646:Scheuchzeriaceae
2641:Hydrocharitaceae
2591:
2554:
2434:Aristolochiaceae
2399:
2390:
2351:Austrobaileyales
2301:
2297:
2295:Basalangiosperms
2279:Acrogymnospermae
2241:flowering plants
2233:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2178:. Archived from
2167:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2094:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2046:. 28 April 2022.
2036:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2011:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1854:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1780:
1756:
1747:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1660:. Archived from
1650:
1639:
1625:
1614:
1607:
1596:
1589:
1583:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1486:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1438:
986:
978:
865:
710:
700:
690:
682:
672:
671:
657:
656:
648:
647:
639:
638:
487:, from northern
470:Dipterocarpaceae
460:
450:
440:
430:
420:
410:
400:
390:
380:
370:
360:
350:
340:
330:
320:
310:
300:
290:
280:
270:
260:
250:
225:
222:Dipterocarpaceae
141:
140:
118:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
35:Dipterocarpaceae
32:
21:
5853:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5793:
5788:
5780:
5778:
5770:
5765:
5757:
5752:
5744:
5739:
5731:
5726:
5718:
5713:
5705:
5700:
5692:
5687:
5679:
5674:
5666:
5661:
5653:
5648:
5640:
5635:
5627:
5622:
5614:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5549:
5544:
5536:
5534:
5526:
5521:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5478:
5468:
5463:
5425:
5421:Paracryphiaceae
5407:
5389:
5366:
5343:
5275:
5237:
5208:Torricelliaceae
5187:
5174:
5075:Calceolariaceae
5060:Carlemanniaceae
5041:
5003:
4985:
4967:
4929:
4906:
4888:
4863:
4850:
4727:
4677:
4664:
4640:Balanophoraceae
4616:
4527:Lophiocarpaceae
4507:Achatocarpaceae
4502:Caryophyllaceae
4492:Macarthuriaceae
4457:Drosophyllaceae
4413:
4388:
4363:
4305:
4287:
4273:Crypteroniaceae
4268:Melastomataceae
4229:
4166:
4133:
4110:
4068:Crossosomatales
4062:
4038:Gyrostemonaceae
4008:Koeberliniaceae
3962:
3949:
3901:
3892:Picrodendraceae
3857:Lacistemataceae
3817:Dichapetalaceae
3792:Centroplacaceae
3782:Lophopyxidaceae
3742:Erythroxylaceae
3708:
3685:
3662:
3604:
3556:
3523:
3494:Corynocarpaceae
3468:
3455:
3435:
3422:
3383:Grossulariaceae
3332:
3319:
3296:
3278:
3266:Trochodendrales
3260:
3241:Lardizabalaceae
3212:
3179:
3148:
3136:Ceratophyllales
3127:Ceratophyllidae
3117:
3108:Ecdeiocoleaceae
3098:Flagellariaceae
3034:
2981:
2943:
2920:
2891:Tecophilaeaceae
2861:Blandfordiaceae
2837:
2803:Petermanniaceae
2788:Campynemataceae
2774:
2736:
2708:
2690:
2651:Aponogetonaceae
2607:
2582:
2570:
2539:
2491:
2477:Himantandraceae
2448:
2420:
2386:
2384:Mesangiospermae
2373:
2345:
2317:
2293:
2288:
2269:Marchantiophyta
2248:
2237:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2002:
1998:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1917:Wiley-Blackwell
1914:
1907:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1837:
1816:(1–4): 99–115.
1807:
1806:
1802:
1778:10.2307/2656982
1758:
1757:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1642:
1626:
1617:
1611:Flora Malesiana
1608:
1599:
1590:
1586:
1570:
1566:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1418:
1368:
1352:
1317:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
962:
953:
907:Neobalanocarpus
849:
667:
622:
598:illegal logging
538:(104 species),
532:(196 species),
478:tropical forest
463:
458:
448:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
388:
378:
368:
358:
348:
338:
335:Neobalanocarpus
328:
318:
308:
298:
288:
278:
268:
258:
248:
224:
135:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5851:
5849:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5810:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5795:wfo-7000000197
5786:
5776:
5763:
5750:
5737:
5724:
5711:
5698:
5685:
5672:
5659:
5646:
5633:
5620:
5607:
5594:
5581:
5568:
5555:
5542:
5532:
5519:
5504:
5488:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5413:Paracryphiales
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5403:Escalloniaceae
5399:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5385:Caprifoliaceae
5382:
5376:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5357:Columelliaceae
5353:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5319:Argophyllaceae
5316:
5311:
5309:Alseuosmiaceae
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5285:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5261:Phyllonomaceae
5258:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5228:Myodocarpaceae
5225:
5220:
5218:Pittosporaceae
5215:
5213:Griseliniaceae
5210:
5205:
5199:
5197:
5188:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5135:Schlegeliaceae
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5085:Plantaginaceae
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5032:Sphenocleaceae
5029:
5024:
5019:
5017:Convolvulaceae
5013:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4902:Metteniusaceae
4898:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4816:Sarraceniaceae
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4756:Fouquieriaceae
4753:
4748:
4746:Marcgraviaceae
4743:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4678:
4673:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4650:Misodendraceae
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4552:Phytolaccaceae
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4487:Asteropeiaceae
4484:
4479:
4477:Simmondsiaceae
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4437:Plumbaginaceae
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4419:Caryophyllales
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4220:Sarcolaenaceae
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4147:Gerrardinaceae
4143:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3935:Elaeocarpaceae
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3897:Phyllanthaceae
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3852:Passifloraceae
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:Putranjivaceae
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3762:Calophyllaceae
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:Rhizophoraceae
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3681:Zygophyllaceae
3678:
3672:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3595:Ticodendraceae
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3363:Hamamelidaceae
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3310:Myrothamnaceae
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3246:Menispermaceae
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Joinvilleaceae
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Strelitziaceae
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2972:Pontederiaceae
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2934:Dasypogonaceae
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2911:Amaryllidaceae
2908:
2903:
2901:Xeronemataceae
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2704:Petrosaviaceae
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
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606:essential oils
602:valuable woods
579:yellow meranti
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5324:Menyanthaceae
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5320:
5317:
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5307:
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5300:
5297:
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5294:Campanulaceae
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5278:
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5271:Aquifoliaceae
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5266:Helwingiaceae
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5251:Stemonuraceae
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5203:Pennantiaceae
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5200:
5198:
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5170:Orobanchaceae
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5165:Paulowniaceae
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5126:
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5100:Linderniaceae
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4894:Metteniusales
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4879:Oncothecaceae
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4862:
4857:
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4826:Actinidiaceae
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4806:Diapensiaceae
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4766:Lecythidaceae
4764:
4762:
4761:Polemoniaceae
4759:
4757:
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4752:
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4741:Balsaminaceae
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4703:Hydrangeaceae
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4404:Aextoxicaceae
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4386:Superasterids
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4354:Simaroubaceae
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4339:Anacardiaceae
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4096:Guamatelaceae
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4091:Staphyleaceae
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
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4073:
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4069:
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4023:Emblingiaceae
4021:
4019:
4018:Salvadoraceae
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3998:Limnanthaceae
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Tropaeolaceae
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
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3956:
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3945:Brunelliaceae
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3898:
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3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Ixonanthaceae
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Euphorbiaceae
3875:
3873:
3872:Rafflesiaceae
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Euphroniaceae
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Malpighiaceae
3800:
3798:
3795:
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3790:
3788:
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3777:Caryocaraceae
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3767:Podostemaceae
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3679:
3677:
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3668:Zygophyllales
3665:
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3598:
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3591:
3590:Casuarinaceae
3588:
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3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Nothofagaceae
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3509:Tetramelaceae
3507:
3505:
3504:Cucurbitaceae
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Apodanthaceae
3482:
3481:
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3467:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
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3418:Cynomoriaceae
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
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3399:
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3391:
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3388:Saxifragaceae
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3359:
3356:
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3349:
3348:Peridiscaceae
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3256:Ranunculaceae
3254:
3252:
3251:Berberidaceae
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Nelumbonaceae
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3172:
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3168:
3164:
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3141:
3139:
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3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
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3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Eriocaulaceae
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3030:Zingiberaceae
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Heliconiaceae
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
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2977:Haemodoraceae
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Commelinaceae
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
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2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
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2917:
2914:
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2909:
2907:
2906:Asphodelaceae
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:Ixioliriaceae
2884:
2882:
2881:Doryanthaceae
2879:
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2869:
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2864:
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2824:
2821:
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2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Melanthiaceae
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Cyclanthaceae
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2732:Dioscoreaceae
2730:
2728:
2727:Burmanniaceae
2725:
2723:
2722:Nartheciaceae
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2696:Petrosaviales
2693:
2687:
2686:Cymodoceaceae
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Posidoniaceae
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
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2656:Juncaginaceae
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
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2639:
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2634:
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2627:
2626:Tofieldiaceae
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2558:Chloranthales
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Chloranthidae
2546:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Hernandiaceae
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Gomortegaceae
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Eupomatiaceae
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:Degeneriaceae
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Myristicaceae
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
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2432:
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2427:
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2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Hydatellaceae
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2313:Amborellaceae
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
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2255:
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2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2185:on 2011-07-25
2181:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2163:
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2156:
2152:
2143:
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2134:
2129:
2125:
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2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2088:
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2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:Sample, Ian.
2000:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1984:(2): 105–20,
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1922:
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1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:979-8764-20-X
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1702:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1664:on 2012-02-15
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:983-2181-59-3
1634:
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1501:
1495:
1490:
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1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1447:
1446:www.mobot.org
1443:
1437:
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1427:
1423:
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1409:
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1401:
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1372:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:found in the
1322:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1309:APG IV (2016)
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1287:Dipterocarpus
1283:
1279:
1278:Maastrichtian
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1245:Pseudomonotes
1241:
1240:
1235:
1232:is native to
1231:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1207:
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1201:
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1193:
1192:
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1129:
1128:
1127:Dipterocarpus
1123:
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1101:
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1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:Pseudomonotes
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
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1005:
1004:
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1000:
997:
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867:
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844:
843:
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838:
831:
830:
827:
826:
823:
822:
821:
814:
813:
810:
809:
806:
805:
804:
797:
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
787:
780:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
770:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:Dipterocarpus
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
736:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
719:
712:
711:
705:
702:
701:
695:
692:
691:
684:
683:
679:
678:
674:
673:
670:
664:
662:
660:
651:
642:
633:
629:
628:
627:Dipterocarpus
619:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
575:
570:
569:
564:
563:
558:
557:
553:
549:
548:
543:
542:
541:Dipterocarpus
537:
536:
531:
530:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:South America
486:
482:
479:
475:
471:
457:
456:
452:
447:
446:
442:
437:
436:
432:
427:
426:
422:
417:
416:
412:
407:
406:
402:
397:
396:
392:
387:
386:
382:
377:
376:
375:Pseudomonotes
372:
367:
366:
362:
357:
356:
352:
347:
346:
342:
337:
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332:
327:
326:
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317:
316:
312:
307:
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297:
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287:
286:
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277:
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275:Dipterocarpus
272:
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174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:Tracheophytes
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
139:
134:
130:
127:
126:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
43:
42:Maastrichtian
33:
30:
19:
5483:
5334:Calyceraceae
5329:Goodeniaceae
5314:Phellinaceae
5304:Stylidiaceae
5243:Aquifoliales
5125:Bignoniaceae
5110:Martyniaceae
5080:Gesneriaceae
5037:Hydroleaceae
5027:Montiniaceae
4981:Boraginaceae
4958:Gelsemiaceae
4948:Gentianaceae
4920:Eucommiaceae
4821:Roridulaceae
4801:Symplocaceae
4771:Sladeniaceae
4713:Curtisiaceae
4660:Loranthaceae
4582:Didiereaceae
4537:Barbeuiaceae
4497:Microteaceae
4452:Nepenthaceae
4442:Polygonaceae
4432:Tamaricaceae
4324:Nitrariaceae
4293:Picramniales
4258:Vochysiaceae
4243:Combretaceae
4224:
4157:Tapisciaceae
4152:Petenaeaceae
4058:Brassicaceae
3812:Trigoniaceae
3807:Balanopaceae
3772:Hypericaceae
3752:Bonnetiaceae
3727:Irvingiaceae
3714:Malpighiales
3704:Celastraceae
3676:Krameriaceae
3633:Elaeagnaceae
3628:Dirachmaceae
3585:Juglandaceae
3552:Polygalaceae
3537:Quillajaceae
3499:Coriariaceae
3476:Cucurbitales
3413:Haloragaceae
3408:Penthoraceae
3393:Crassulaceae
3358:Altingiaceae
3340:Saxifragales
3292:Dilleniaceae
3231:Papaveraceae
3226:Eupteleaceae
3218:Ranunculales
3126:
3093:Restionaceae
3053:Bromeliaceae
2987:Zingiberales
2967:Philydraceae
2957:Hanguanaceae
2949:Commelinales
2916:Asparagaceae
2876:Hypoxidaceae
2823:Ripogonaceae
2818:Philesiaceae
2813:Colchicaceae
2755:Velloziaceae
2750:Triuridaceae
2714:Dioscoreales
2631:Alismataceae
2579:
2548:
2510:Siparunaceae
2467:Magnoliaceae
2364:Trimeniaceae
2341:Nymphaeaceae
2305:Amborellales
2284:Angiospermae
2239:Families of
2200:
2187:. Retrieved
2180:the original
2161:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2044:ScienceDaily
2043:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2008:The Guardian
2007:
1999:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1867:
1863:
1852:
1844:
1838:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1768:
1764:
1736:
1731:
1711:
1704:
1694:February 26,
1692:. Retrieved
1687:
1677:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1628:
1610:
1587:
1572:
1567:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1524:17 September
1522:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1449:. Retrieved
1445:
1436:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1386:
1376:Danum Valley
1357:
1353:
1318:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1262:Indian Plate
1251:
1243:
1237:
1227:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1173:Balanocarpus
1171:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1133:Stemonoporus
1131:
1125:
1121:Cotylelobium
1119:
1113:
1026:
1025:
1009:
1008:
992:
991:
939:
938:
922:
921:
905:
904:
888:
887:
873:Dryobalanops
871:
870:
835:
834:
818:
817:
801:
800:
784:
783:
769:Stemonoporus
767:
766:
750:
749:
735:Cotylelobium
733:
732:
716:
715:
668:
658:
652:"wing", and
649:
640:
625:
623:
590:timber trade
587:
583:Danum Valley
572:
566:
560:
556:Dryobalanops
554:
545:
539:
533:
527:
525:
469:
468:
453:
443:
433:
423:
415:Stemonoporus
413:
403:
393:
383:
373:
363:
353:
343:
333:
323:
313:
303:
295:Dryobalanops
293:
283:
273:
265:Cotylelobium
263:
253:
243:
221:
195:
182:
169:
156:
123:
29:
5650:iNaturalist
5508:Wikispecies
5289:Rousseaceae
5185:Campanulids
5145:Verbenaceae
5120:Acanthaceae
5115:Pedaliaceae
5105:Byblidaceae
4973:Boraginales
4963:Apocynaceae
4953:Loganiaceae
4935:Gentianales
4884:Icacinaceae
4836:Cyrillaceae
4831:Clethraceae
4811:Styracaceae
4791:Primulaceae
4718:Grubbiaceae
4645:Santalaceae
4587:Basellaceae
4542:Gisekiaceae
4482:Physenaceae
4447:Droseraceae
4344:Sapindaceae
4334:Burseraceae
4278:Alzateaceae
4190:Neuradaceae
4129:Francoaceae
4124:Geraniaceae
4076:Aphloiaceae
4048:Capparaceae
4028:Tovariaceae
3988:Moringaceae
3970:Brassicales
3930:Cunoniaceae
3925:Oxalidaceae
3920:Connaraceae
3837:Achariaceae
3832:Humiriaceae
3797:Elatinaceae
3691:Celastrales
3648:Cannabaceae
3623:Barbeyaceae
3547:Surianaceae
3519:Begoniaceae
3514:Datiscaceae
3353:Paeoniaceae
3330:Superrosids
3315:Gunneraceae
3284:Dilleniales
3203:Platanaceae
3078:Thurniaceae
3058:Rapateaceae
3020:Marantaceae
2871:Lanariaceae
2866:Asteliaceae
2851:Orchidaceae
2843:Asparagales
2828:Smilacaceae
2770:Pandanaceae
2760:Stemonaceae
2666:Zosteraceae
2661:Maundiaceae
2613:Alismatales
2530:Monimiaceae
2454:Magnoliales
2439:Saururaceae
2416:Winteraceae
2411:Canellaceae
2394:Magnoliidae
2336:Cabombaceae
2323:Nymphaeales
2256:Supergroup
1690:. p. 1
1494:10654/18083
1296:Pakaraimaea
1224:Monotoideae
1205:Anthoshorea
1151:Vateriopsis
972:Monotoideae
820:Vateriopsis
604:, aromatic
585:in Sabah.
517:Philippines
485:pantropical
445:Vateriopsis
395:Rubroshorea
299:C.F.Gaertn.
279:C.F.Gaertn.
255:Anthoshorea
176:Angiosperms
5812:Categories
5668:77126600-1
5372:Dipsacales
5362:Bruniaceae
5339:Asteraceae
5223:Araliaceae
5160:Phrymaceae
5095:Stilbaceae
5022:Solanaceae
4999:Vahliaceae
4925:Garryaceae
4871:Icacinales
4781:Sapotaceae
4635:Opiliaceae
4622:Santalales
4597:Talinaceae
4577:Montiaceae
4329:Kirkiaceae
4311:Sapindales
4283:Penaeaceae
4253:Onagraceae
4248:Lythraceae
4180:Cytinaceae
4139:Huerteales
4116:Geraniales
4053:Cleomaceae
4043:Resedaceae
3993:Caricaceae
3978:Akaniaceae
3907:Oxalidales
3862:Salicaceae
3847:Goupiaceae
3757:Clusiaceae
3658:Urticaceae
3638:Rhamnaceae
3600:Betulaceae
3580:Myricaceae
3302:Gunnerales
3208:Proteaceae
3088:Cyperaceae
3073:Mayacaceae
3063:Xyridaceae
2793:Corsiaceae
2742:Pandanales
2681:Ruppiaceae
2636:Butomaceae
2487:Annonaceae
2444:Piperaceae
2403:Canellales
2199: [
2189:2004-10-03
2126:: e01250.
2069:(1): 276.
1668:2009-04-17
1451:2023-07-20
1442:"Malvales"
1428:References
1395:, Thailand
1333:arthropods
1327:province,
1185:Parashorea
1115:Anisoptera
1088:New Guinea
1076:Seychelles
924:Parashorea
718:Anisoptera
594:endangered
497:Seychelles
355:Parashorea
339:P.S.Ashton
245:Anisoptera
5380:Adoxaceae
5349:Bruniales
5281:Asterales
5150:Lamiaceae
5009:Solanales
4991:Vahliales
4943:Rubiaceae
4912:Garryales
4841:Ericaceae
4786:Ebenaceae
4723:Cornaceae
4708:Loasaceae
4693:Nyssaceae
4630:Olacaceae
4612:Cactaceae
4547:Aizoaceae
4522:Limeaceae
4359:Meliaceae
4263:Myrtaceae
4215:Cistaceae
4195:Malvaceae
3842:Violaceae
3747:Ochnaceae
3722:Pandaceae
3193:Sabiaceae
3185:Proteales
3083:Juncaceae
3048:Typhaceae
3025:Costaceae
3015:Cannaceae
3000:Lowiaceae
2939:Arecaceae
2896:Iridaceae
2856:Boryaceae
2833:Liliaceae
2603:Acoraceae
2535:Lauraceae
2426:Piperales
2264:Bryophyta
2168:. CIFOR.
2142:2351-9894
2083:2045-2322
2028:: 377–85.
1963:228870254
1955:1615-6110
1941:(6): 90.
1900:246360938
1884:0036-8075
1545:Phytotaxa
1305:Cistaceae
1266:Oligocene
1229:Marquesia
1202:sections
1164:Imbricate
1082:, India,
1080:Sri Lanka
994:Marquesia
509:Indonesia
505:Indochina
429:Symington
315:Marquesia
146:Kingdom:
5782:dipteroc
5772:42000085
5767:Tropicos
5535:BioLib:
5493:Wikidata
5459:Category
5233:Apiaceae
5155:Mazaceae
5065:Oleaceae
5047:Lamiales
4796:Theaceae
4733:Ericales
4685:Cornales
4675:Asterids
4532:Kewaceae
4349:Rutaceae
4235:Myrtales
4210:Bixaceae
4172:Malvales
4013:Bataceae
3882:Linaceae
3867:Peraceae
3653:Moraceae
3643:Ulmaceae
3618:Rosaceae
3575:Fagaceae
3542:Fabaceae
3451:Vitaceae
3378:Iteaceae
3175:Buxaceae
3158:Eudicots
3010:Musaceae
2926:Arecales
2780:Liliales
2595:Acorales
2585:Monocots
2497:Laurales
2101:33432023
1892:35084986
1830:26395665
1795:10449398
1654:"Borneo"
1416:See also
1258:Gondwana
620:Taxonomy
513:Malaysia
419:Thwaites
385:Richetia
365:Pentacme
345:Neohopea
289:Thwaites
218:Family:
212:Malvales
189:Eudicots
44:- recent
5499:Q580593
5195:Apiales
4861:Lamiids
3960:Malvids
3915:Huaceae
3610:Rosales
3562:Fagales
3529:Fabales
3443:Vitales
3167:Buxales
3113:Poaceae
2621:Araceae
2580:Lilidae
2092:7801684
1864:Science
1787:2656982
1355:hills.
1350:Ecology
1325:Gujarat
1280:) aged
1270:Miocene
1239:Monotes
1170:group (
1168:Shoreae
1145:Vateria
1112:group (
1106:Valvate
1100:Sarawak
1011:Monotes
859:Shoreae
803:Vateria
643:"two",
614:plywood
435:Vateria
325:Monotes
235:Genera
208:Order:
150:Plantae
5720:438195
5681:115589
5551:273760
5528:137426
3466:Fabids
3433:Rosids
3040:Poales
2245:APG IV
2172:
2140:
2099:
2089:
2081:
1961:
1953:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1828:
1793:
1785:
1743:
1719:
1635:
1579:
1274:Eocene
1234:Africa
1216:Shorea
1200:Shorea
1191:Shorea
1157:Vatica
1098:, and
1092:Brunei
941:Shorea
837:Vatica
659:karpós
655:καρπός
650:pteron
646:πτερόν
634:words
610:resins
568:Shorea
552:genera
547:Vatica
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